1
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Pan W, Biswas T, Shahabi S, Suryajaya W, Vasquez A, Du Q, Ghosh G, Wang VYF. Phosphorylation-induced flexibility of proto-oncogenic Bcl3 regulates transcriptional activation by NF-κB p52 homodimer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.30.601400. [PMID: 38979190 PMCID: PMC11230411 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.30.601400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The overexpression of proto-oncogene Bcl3 is observed in various cancers. Bcl3 is extensively phosphorylated and associates with homodimers of NF-κB p50 and p52 to regulate transcription. Through cellular and biochemical assays, we observed that phospho-mimetic Glu substitution at Ser366 in addition to previously studied Ser33, 114 and 446 is necessary to switch Bcl3 from an IκB-like inhibitor to a transcriptional activator. To study interactive features of p52 and Bcl3, and phosphorylation- mediated changes in Bcl3 that regulate DNA-binding by p52, we performed HDX-MS of both Bcl3 and p52 within various complexes. Nature of interactions within Bcl3:(p52:p52) complex in presence and absence of DNA, differential flexibility of Bcl3, and allosteric changes in Bcl3 upon phospho-modifications revealed why a facile accommodation of DNA requires phosphorylation. The inhibitory nature of unphosphorylated Bcl3 on DNA binding by p52:p52 also relieved by a C-terminal deletion of Bcl3. Overall, this study revealed mechanistic bases of how Bcl3 phosphorylation regulates transcriptional potential of NF-κB and intricate cell physiology, a dysregulation of which can lead to cancers.
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2
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Sun X, Nagahama Y, Singh SK, Kozakai Y, Nabeshima H, Fukushima K, Tanaka H, Motooka D, Fukui E, Vivier E, Diez D, Akira S. Deletion of the mRNA endonuclease Regnase-1 promotes NK cell anti-tumor activity via OCT2-dependent transcription of Ifng. Immunity 2024; 57:1360-1377.e13. [PMID: 38821052 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Limited infiltration and activity of natural killer (NK) and T cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) correlate with poor immunotherapy responses. Here, we examined the role of the endonuclease Regnase-1 on NK cell anti-tumor activity. NK cell-specific deletion of Regnase-1 (Reg1ΔNK) augmented cytolytic activity and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production in vitro and increased intra-tumoral accumulation of Reg1ΔNK-NK cells in vivo, reducing tumor growth dependent on IFN-γ. Transcriptional changes in Reg1ΔNK-NK cells included elevated IFN-γ expression, cytolytic effectors, and the chemokine receptor CXCR6. IFN-γ induced expression of the CXCR6 ligand CXCL16 on myeloid cells, promoting further recruitment of Reg1ΔNK-NK cells. Mechanistically, Regnase-1 deletion increased its targets, the transcriptional regulators OCT2 and IκBζ, following interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 stimulation, and the resulting OCT2-IκBζ-NF-κB complex induced Ifng transcription. Silencing Regnase-1 in human NK cells increased the expression of IFNG and POU2F2. Our findings highlight NK cell dysfunction in the TME and propose that targeting Regnase-1 could augment active NK cell persistence for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Quantitative Immunology Unit, WPI-IFReC, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Joint Research Chair of Innate Immunity for Drug Discovery, WPI-IFReC, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nagahama
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Host Defense Laboratory, Immunology Unit, Department of Medical Innovations, Osaka Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 5-1-35 Saito-aokita, Minoh, Osaka 562-0029, Japan; Joint Research Chair of Innate Immunity for Drug Discovery, WPI-IFReC, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shailendra Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Joint Research Chair of Innate Immunity for Drug Discovery, WPI-IFReC, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuuki Kozakai
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Host Defense Laboratory, Immunology Unit, Department of Medical Innovations, Osaka Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 5-1-35 Saito-aokita, Minoh, Osaka 562-0029, Japan; Joint Research Chair of Innate Immunity for Drug Discovery, WPI-IFReC, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoharu Fukushima
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Joint Research Chair of Innate Immunity for Drug Discovery, WPI-IFReC, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- NGS Core Facility of the Genome Information Research Center, RIMD, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eriko Fukui
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eric Vivier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France; Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille-Immunopole, Marseille, France
| | - Diego Diez
- Quantitative Immunology Unit, WPI-IFReC, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Joint Research Chair of Innate Immunity for Drug Discovery, WPI-IFReC, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Advanced Modalities and Drug Delivery System (CAMaD), Osaka University, 2-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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3
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Alpsoy A, Wu XS, Pal S, Klingbeil O, Kumar P, El Demerdash O, Nalbant B, Vakoc CR. IκBζ is a dual-use coactivator of NF-κB and POU transcription factors. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1149-1157.e7. [PMID: 38309274 PMCID: PMC10960667 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OCA-B, OCA-T1, and OCA-T2 belong to a family of coactivators that bind to POU transcription factors (TFs) to regulate gene expression in immune cells. Here, we identify IκBζ (encoded by the NFKBIZ gene) as an additional coactivator of POU TFs. Although originally discovered as an inducible regulator of NF-κB, we show here that IκBζ shares a microhomology with OCA proteins and uses this segment to bind to POU TFs and octamer-motif-containing DNA. Our functional experiments suggest that IκBζ requires its interaction with POU TFs to coactivate immune-related genes. This finding is reinforced by epigenomic analysis of MYD88L265P-mutant lymphoma cells, which revealed colocalization of IκBζ with the POU TF OCT2 and NF-κB:p50 at hundreds of DNA elements harboring octamer and κB motifs. These results suggest that IκBζ is a transcriptional coactivator that can amplify and integrate the output of NF-κB and POU TFs at inducible genes in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aktan Alpsoy
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Xiaoli S Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Sujay Pal
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Olaf Klingbeil
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Benan Nalbant
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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4
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Taylor TC, Coleman BM, Arunkumar SP, Dey I, Dillon JT, Ponde NO, Poholek AC, Schwartz DM, McGeachy MJ, Conti HR, Gaffen SL. IκBζ is an essential mediator of immunity to oropharyngeal candidiasis. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1700-1713.e4. [PMID: 37725983 PMCID: PMC10591851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections are a global threat; yet, there are no licensed vaccines to any fungal pathogens. Th17 cells mediate immunity to Candida albicans, particularly oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), but essential downstream mechanisms remain unclear. In the murine model of OPC, IκBζ (Nfkbiz, a non-canonical NF-κB transcription factor) was upregulated in an interleukin (IL)-17-dependent manner and was essential to prevent candidiasis. Deletion of Nfkbiz rendered mice highly susceptible to OPC. IκBζ was dispensable in hematopoietic cells and acted partially in the suprabasal oral epithelium to control OPC. One prominent IκBζ-dependent gene target was β-defensin 3 (BD3) (Defb3), an essential antimicrobial peptide. Human oral epithelial cells required IκBζ for IL-17-mediated induction of BD2 (DEFB4A, human ortholog of mouse Defb3) through binding to the DEFB4A promoter. Unexpectedly, IκBζ regulated the transcription factor Egr3, which was essential for C. albicans induction of BD2/DEFB4A. Accordingly, IκBζ and Egr3 comprise an antifungal signaling hub mediating mucosal defense against oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Taylor
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bianca M Coleman
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Samyuktha P Arunkumar
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ipsita Dey
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John T Dillon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Nicole O Ponde
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Heather R Conti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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5
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Zhu N, Mealka M, Mitchel S, Milani C, Acuña LM, Rogers E, Lahana AN, Huxford T. X-ray Crystallographic Study of Preferred Spacing by the NF-κB p50 Homodimer on κB DNA. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1310. [PMID: 37759710 PMCID: PMC10527052 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Though originally characterized as an inactive or transcriptionally repressive factor, the NF-κB p50 homodimer has become appreciated as a physiologically relevant driver of specific target gene expression. By virtue of its low affinity for cytoplasmic IκB protein inhibitors, p50 accumulates in the nucleus of resting cells, where it is a binding target for the transcriptional co-activator IκBζ. In this study, we employed X-ray crystallography to analyze the structure of the p50 homodimer on κB DNA from the promoters of human interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) genes, both of which respond to IκBζ. The NF-κB p50 homodimer binds 11-bp on IL-6 κB DNA, while, on NGAL κB DNA, the spacing is 12-bp. This begs the question: what DNA binding mode is preferred by NF-κB p50 homodimer? To address this, we engineered a "Test" κB-like DNA containing the core sequence 5'-GGGGAATTCCCC-3' and determined its X-ray crystal structure in complex with p50. This revealed that, when presented with multiple options, NF-κB p50 homodimer prefers to bind 11-bp, which necessarily imposes asymmetry on the complex despite the symmetry inherent in both the protein and its target DNA, and that the p50 dimerization domain can contact DNA via distinct modes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom Huxford
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA; (N.Z.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (C.M.); (L.M.A.); (E.R.); (A.N.L.)
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6
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Feng Y, Chen Z, Xu Y, Han Y, Jia X, Wang Z, Zhang N, Lv W. The central inflammatory regulator IκBζ: induction, regulation and physiological functions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188253. [PMID: 37377955 PMCID: PMC10291074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IκBζ (encoded by NFKBIZ) is the most recently identified IkappaB family protein. As an atypical member of the IkappaB protein family, NFKBIZ has been the focus of recent studies because of its role in inflammation. Specifically, it is a key gene in the regulation of a variety of inflammatory factors in the NF-KB pathway, thereby affecting the progression of related diseases. In recent years, investigations into NFKBIZ have led to greater understanding of this gene. In this review, we summarize the induction of NFKBIZ and then elucidate its transcription, translation, molecular mechanism and physiological function. Finally, the roles played by NFKBIZ in psoriasis, cancer, kidney injury, autoimmune diseases and other diseases are described. NFKBIZ functions are universal and bidirectional, and therefore, this gene may exert a great influence on the regulation of inflammation and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Pathophysiology, Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Pathophysiology, Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Pathophysiology, Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxuan Han
- Department of Neurosurgery & Pathophysiology, Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujuan Jia
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery & Pathophysiology, Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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7
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Parab S, Doshi G. The Experimental Animal Models in Psoriasis Research: A Comprehensive Review. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109897. [PMID: 36822099 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory skin condition mediated by T cells. It differs from other inflammatory conditions by causing significant alterations in epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation that are both complicated and prominent. The lack of an appropriate animal model has significantly hindered studies into the pathogenic mechanisms of psoriasis since animals other than humans typically do not exhibit the complex phenotypic features of human psoriasis. A variety of methods, including spontaneous mutations, drug-induced mutations, genetically engineered animals, xenotransplantation models, and immunological reconstitution approaches, have all been employed to study specific characteristics in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Although some of these approaches have been used for more than 50 years and far more models have been introduced recently, they have surprisingly not yet undergone detailed validation. Despite their limitations, these models have shown a connection between keratinocyte hyperplasia, vascular hyperplasia, and a cell-mediated immune response in the skin. The xenotransplantation of diseased or unaffected human skin onto immune-compromised recipients has also significantly aided psoriasis research. This technique has been used in a variety of ways to investigate the function of T lymphocytes and other cells, including preclinical therapeutic studies. The design of pertinent in vivo and in vitro psoriasis models is currently of utmost concern and a crucial step toward its cure. This article outlines the general approach in the development of psoriasis-related animal models, aspects of some specific models, along with their strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Parab
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
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8
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Zhang Y, Tang J, Zhou Y, Xiao Q, Chen Q, Wang H, Lan J, Wu L, Peng Y. Short-term exposure to dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits LPS-induced IκBζ expression in macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1114897. [PMID: 36817140 PMCID: PMC9929133 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1114897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The pharmacological activity of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in treating psoriasis and multiple sclerosis (MS) is not fully understood. DMF is hydrolysed to monomethyl fumarate (MMF) in vivo, which is believed to account for the therapeutic effects of DMF. However, previous studies have provided evidence that DMF also enters the circulation. Given that DMF is short-lived in the blood, whether DMF has a therapeutic impact is still unclear. Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated RAW264.7 cell activation was used as a model of inflammation to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of short-term DMF exposure in vitro. Whole blood LPS stimulation assay was applied to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of DMF and MMF in vivo. Griess assay was performed to examined nitrite release. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors were measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR), ELISA and Western blot. Depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) was evaluated by Ellman's assay. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate DMF effects on Nrf2-ARE pathway activation, promoter activity of Nfkbiz and mRNA stability of Nfkbiz. Binding of STAT3 to the IκBζ promoter were examined using Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Results: Short-term exposure to DMF significantly inhibited the inflammatory response of RAW264.7 cells and suppressed LPS-induced IκBζ expression. Importantly, oral DMF but not oral MMF administration significantly inhibited IκBζ transcription in murine peripheral blood cells. We demonstrated that the expression of IκBζ is affected by the availability of intracellular GSH and regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2 and STAT3. DMF with strong electrophilicity can rapidly deplete intracellular GSH, activate the Nrf2-ARE pathway, and inhibit the binding of STAT3 to the IκBζ promoter, thereby suppressing IκBζ expression in macrophages. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the rapid anti-inflammatory effects of DMF in macrophages, providing evidence to support the direct anti-inflammatory activity of DMF.
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9
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Michael D, Feldmesser E, Gonen C, Furth N, Maman A, Heyman O, Argoetti A, Tofield A, Baichman-Kass A, Ben-Dov A, Benbenisti D, Hen N, Rotkopf R, Ganci F, Blandino G, Ulitsky I, Oren M. miR-4734 conditionally suppresses ER stress-associated proinflammatory responses. FEBS Lett 2022; 597:1233-1245. [PMID: 36445168 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged metabolic stress can lead to severe pathologies. In metabolically challenged primary fibroblasts, we assigned a novel role for the poorly characterized miR-4734 in restricting ATF4 and IRE1-mediated upregulation of a set of proinflammatory cytokines and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated genes. Conversely, inhibition of this miRNA augmented the expression of those genes. Mechanistically, miR-4734 was found to restrict the expression of the transcriptional activator NF-kappa-B inhibitor zeta (NFKBIZ), which is required for optimal expression of the proinflammatory genes and whose mRNA is targeted directly by miR-4734. Concordantly, overexpression of NFKBIZ compromised the effects of miR-4734, underscoring the importance of this direct targeting. As the effects of miR-4734 were evident under stress but not under basal conditions, it may possess therapeutic utility towards alleviating stress-induced pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Michael
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Feinberg Graduate School, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chagay Gonen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Furth
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Maman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Heyman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Argoetti
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adin Tofield
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Amichai Baichman-Kass
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviyah Ben-Dov
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dan Benbenisti
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadav Hen
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Federica Ganci
- IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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10
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Gautam P, Maenner S, Cailotto F, Reboul P, Labialle S, Jouzeau J, Bourgaud F, Moulin D. Emerging role of IκBζ in inflammation: Emphasis on psoriasis. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1032. [PMID: 36245291 PMCID: PMC9574490 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting skin and joints that results from immunological dysfunction such as enhanced IL-23 induced Th-17 differentiation. IkappaB-Zeta (IκBζ) is an atypical transcriptional factor of the IκB protein family since, contrary to the other family members, it positively regulates NF-κB pathway by being exclusively localized into the nucleus. IκBζ deficiency reduces visible manifestations of experimental psoriasis by diminishing expression of psoriasis-associated genes. It is thus tempting to consider IκBζ as a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis as well as for other IL23/IL17-mediated inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of expression of NFKBIZ and its protein IκBζ, its downstream targets, its involvement in pathogenesis of multiple disorders with emphasis on psoriasis and evidences supporting that inhibition of IκBζ may be a promising alternative to current therapeutic managements of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gautam
- Laboratoire IMoPAUMR 7365 CNRS‐Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de LorraineVandœuvre‐lès‐NancyFrance
| | - Sylvain Maenner
- Laboratoire IMoPAUMR 7365 CNRS‐Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de LorraineVandœuvre‐lès‐NancyFrance
| | - Frédéric Cailotto
- Laboratoire IMoPAUMR 7365 CNRS‐Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de LorraineVandœuvre‐lès‐NancyFrance
| | - Pascal Reboul
- Laboratoire IMoPAUMR 7365 CNRS‐Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de LorraineVandœuvre‐lès‐NancyFrance
| | - Stéphane Labialle
- Laboratoire IMoPAUMR 7365 CNRS‐Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de LorraineVandœuvre‐lès‐NancyFrance
| | - Jean‐Yves Jouzeau
- Laboratoire IMoPAUMR 7365 CNRS‐Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de LorraineVandœuvre‐lès‐NancyFrance
| | | | - David Moulin
- Laboratoire IMoPAUMR 7365 CNRS‐Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de LorraineVandœuvre‐lès‐NancyFrance
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11
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Pan W, Deng L, Wang H, Wang VYF. Atypical IκB Bcl3 enhances the generation of the NF-κB p52 homodimer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:930619. [PMID: 35990614 PMCID: PMC9389042 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.930619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB family of dimeric transcription factors regulate diverse biological functions. Their cellular expression profiles differ, which lead to different concentrations in different cell/tissue types. Although the activation mechanisms of different NF-κB dimers have been widely investigated, there is limited information on specific NF-κB dimers’ formation. The NF-κB p52:p52 homodimer regulates an important subset of target genes in cancer cells; however, the molecular mechanism of the generation of this specific homodimer remains unclear. Our study has revealed that the atypical IκB protein, Bcl3, plays an essential role in enhancing the p52:p52 homodimer population which is a unique mechanism to p52 within the NF-κB family. p52 was shown to heterodimerize with four other NF-κB subunits (RelA, RelB, cRel, and p50); all heterodimers, except p52:p50, are significantly more stable than the p52:p52 homodimer. Bcl3 is able to compete with all other NF-κB subunits in cells for efficient p52:p52 homodimer formation which consequently leads to the upregulation of target genes that are involved in cell proliferation, migration, and inflammation, which explain why aberrant activation of Bcl3 and p52 leads to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Pan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Limei Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Clinical Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vivien Ya-Fan Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Vivien Ya-Fan Wang,
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12
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Silke J, O’Reilly LA. NF-κB and Pancreatic Cancer; Chapter and Verse. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4510. [PMID: 34572737 PMCID: PMC8469693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the world's most lethal cancers. An increase in occurrence, coupled with, presently limited treatment options, necessitates the pursuit of new therapeutic approaches. Many human cancers, including PDAC are initiated by unresolved inflammation. The transcription factor NF-κB coordinates many signals that drive cellular activation and proliferation during immunity but also those involved in inflammation and autophagy which may instigate tumorigenesis. It is not surprising therefore, that activation of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways is increasingly recognized as an important driver of pancreatic injury, progression to tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Paradoxically, NF-κB dysregulation has also been shown to inhibit pancreatic inflammation and pancreatic cancer, depending on the context. A pro-oncogenic or pro-suppressive role for individual components of the NF-κB pathway appears to be cell type, microenvironment and even stage dependent. This review provides an outline of NF-κB signaling, focusing on the role of the various NF-κB family members in the evolving inflammatory PDAC microenvironment. Finally, we discuss pharmacological control of NF-κB to curb inflammation, focussing on novel anti-cancer agents which reinstate the process of cancer cell death, the Smac mimetics and their pre-clinical and early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Silke
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lorraine Ann O’Reilly
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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13
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Gómez-Chávez F, Correa D, Navarrete-Meneses P, Cancino-Diaz JC, Cancino-Diaz ME, Rodríguez-Martínez S. NF-κB and Its Regulators During Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679106. [PMID: 34025678 PMCID: PMC8131829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional factor NF-κB is a nuclear factor involved in both physiological and pathological processes. This factor can control the transcription of more than 400 genes, including cytokines, chemokines, and their modulators, immune and non-immune receptors, proteins involved in antigen presentation and cell adhesion, acute phase and stress response proteins, regulators of apoptosis, growth factors, other transcription factors and their regulators, as well as different enzymes; all these molecules control several biological processes. NF-κB is a tightly regulated molecule that has also been related to apoptosis, cell proliferation, inflammation, and the control of innate and adaptive immune responses during onset of labor, in which it has a crucial role; thus, early activation of this factor may have an adverse effect, by inducing premature termination of pregnancy, with bad outcomes for the mother and the fetus, including product loss. Reviews compiling the different activities of NF-κB have been reported. However, an update regarding NF-κB regulation during pregnancy is lacking. In this work, we aimed to describe the state of the art around NF-κB activity, its regulatory role in pregnancy, and the effect of its dysregulation due to invasion by pathogens like Trichomonas vaginalis and Toxoplasma gondii as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Secretaría de Salud, Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico.,Secretaría de Salud, Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Correa
- Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Pilar Navarrete-Meneses
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Cancino-Diaz
- Laboratorio de Inmunomicrobiología, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Eugenio Cancino-Diaz
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Departamento de Inmunología, ENCB-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Departamento de Inmunología, ENCB-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Liu Z, Tang C, He L, Yang D, Cai J, Zhu J, Shu S, Liu Y, Yin L, Chen G, Liu Y, Zhang D, Dong Z. The negative feedback loop of NF-κB/miR-376b/NFKBIZ in septic acute kidney injury. JCI Insight 2020; 5:142272. [PMID: 33328388 PMCID: PMC7819752 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the pathogenesis of septic AKI remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate a significant decrease of microRNA-376b (miR-376b) in renal tubular cells in mice with septic AKI. Urinary miR-376b in these mice was also dramatically decreased. Patients with sepsis with AKI also had significantly lower urinary miR-376b than patients with sepsis without AKI, supporting its diagnostic value for septic AKI. LPS treatment of renal tubular cells led to the activation of NF-κB, and inhibition of NF-κB prevented a decrease of miR-376b. ChIP assay further verified NF-κB binding to the miR-376b gene promoter upon LPS treatment. Functionally, miR-376b mimics exaggerated tubular cell death, kidney injury, and intrarenal production of inflammatory cytokines, while inhibiting miR-376b afforded protective effects in septic mice. Interestingly, miR-376b suppressed the expression of NF-κB inhibitor ζ (NFKBIZ) in both in vitro and in vivo models of septic AKI. Luciferase microRNA target reporter assay further verified NFKBIZ as a direct target of miR-376b. Collectively, these results illustrate the NF-κB/miR-376b/NFKBIZ negative feedback loop that regulates intrarenal inflammation and tubular damage in septic AKI. Moreover, urinary miR-376b is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of AKI in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology and
| | - Dongshan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and.,Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology and.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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15
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Bosch PJ, Peek SL, Smolikove S, Weiner JA. Akirin proteins in development and disease: critical roles and mechanisms of action. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4237-4254. [PMID: 32361777 PMCID: PMC7606436 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Akirin genes, which encode small, nuclear proteins, were first characterized in 2008 in Drosophila and rodents. Early studies demonstrated important roles in immune responses and tumorigenesis, which subsequent work found to be highly conserved. More recently, a multiplicity of Akirin functions, and the associated molecular mechanisms involved, have been uncovered. Here, we comprehensively review what is known about invertebrate Akirin and its two vertebrate homologues Akirin1 and Akirin2, highlighting their role in regulating gene expression changes across a number of biological systems. We detail essential roles for Akirin family proteins in the development of the brain, limb, and muscle, in meiosis, and in tumorigenesis, emphasizing associated signaling pathways. We describe data supporting the hypothesis that Akirins act as a "bridge" between a variety of transcription factors and major chromatin remodeling complexes, and discuss several important questions remaining to be addressed. In little more than a decade, Akirin proteins have gone from being completely unknown to being increasingly recognized as evolutionarily conserved mediators of gene expression programs essential for the formation and function of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Bosch
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Stacey L Peek
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sarit Smolikove
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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16
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Zarate MA, Nguyen LM, De Dios RK, Zheng L, Wright CJ. Maturation of the Acute Hepatic TLR4/NF-κB Mediated Innate Immune Response Is p65 Dependent in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1892. [PMID: 32973783 PMCID: PMC7472845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to adults, neonates are at increased risk of infection. There is a growing recognition that dynamic qualitative and quantitative differences in immunity over development contribute to these observations. The liver plays a key role as an immunologic organ, but whether its contribution to the acute innate immune response changes over lifetime is unknown. We hypothesized that the liver would activate a developmentally-regulated acute innate immune response to intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We first assessed the hepatic expression and activity of the NF-κB, a key regulator of the innate immune response, at different developmental ages (p0, p3, p7, p35, and adult). Ontogeny of the NF-κB subunits (p65/p50) revealed a reduction in Rela (p65) and Nfkb1 (p105, precursor to p50) gene expression (p0) and p65 subunit protein levels (p0 and p3) vs. older ages. The acute hepatic innate immune response to LPS was associated by the degradation of the NF-κB inhibitory proteins (IκBα and IκBβ), and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p50 in all ages, whereas nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65 was only observed in the p35 and adult mouse. Consistent with these findings, we detected NF-κB subunit p65 nuclear staining exclusively in the LPS-exposed adult liver compared with p7 mouse. We next interrogated the LPS-induced hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory genes (Tnf, Icam1, Ccl3, and Traf1), and observed a gradually increase in gene expression starting from p0. Confirming our results, hepatic NF-κB subunit p65 nuclear translocation was associated with up-regulation of the Icam1 gene in the adult, and was not detected in the p7 mouse. Thus, an inflammatory challenge induces an NF-κB-mediated hepatic innate immune response activation across all developmental ages, but nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65 and associated induction of pro-inflammatory genes occurred only after the first month of life. Our results demonstrate that the LPS-induced hepatic innate immune response is developmentally regulated by the NF-κB subunit p65 in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Zarate
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Leanna M Nguyen
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robyn K De Dios
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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17
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Zhou M, Qu CY, Ding WJ, Cai XL, Shen YJ, Chen YW, Xu LM. Preliminary study on the inhibitory effect of tumor suppressor gene KPC1 on the proliferation in gastric carcinoma cell. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:343. [PMID: 32355787 PMCID: PMC7186750 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate Kip1 ubiquitination-promoting complex 1 (KPC1) expression and its relationship with NF-κB p50 in gastric cancer cell lines. Methods The expression of KPC1 and NF-κB p50 in tissue samples from 159 gastric cancer patients after tumor resection and normal gastric mucosa samples from 56 patients as negative controls was retrospectively studied. The relationship between KPC1, NF-κB p50, and clinicopathological factors was analyzed, and the correlation between KPC1 and cytoplasmic NF-κB p50 was determined. The expression level of KPC1 and NF-κB p50 was researched using reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting in 3 differentiated human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, SGC-7901 and MGC-803). Results Immunohistochemistry indicated that KPC1 and NF-κB p50 expression was significantly decreased in gastric cancer cases, and the level of expression varied across the differentiated gastric cancer tissues. KPC1 and NF-κB p50 expression was significantly connected with tumor differentiation, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging, and metastasis of 159 patients suffering from gastric cancer (P<0.05), but not correlated with age and lesion size (P>0.05). KPC1 was positively connected with the expression of NF-κB p50 by the Spearman correlation analysis (r=0.427, P<0.05). The expression of KPC1 and NF-κB p50 mRNA was reduced, and there were differences in the 3 differentiated human gastric cancer cell lines, as confirmed by western blotting. Conclusions The co-expression of KPC1 and cytoplasmic NF-κB p50 in gastric cancer promotes tumor suppressor gene expression. Therefore, limiting the growth of tumor cells may inhibit the development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Digestive Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chun-Ying Qu
- Digestive Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Jin Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Cai
- Digestive Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu-Jie Shen
- Digestive Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei-Ming Xu
- Digestive Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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18
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Quantin P, Patatian A, Floreani M, Egles C, Benech P, Ficheux H. Temporal transcriptomic analysis of human primary keratinocytes exposed to β-naphthoflavone highlights the protective efficacy of skin to environmental pollutants. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104822. [PMID: 32151702 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The skin covers almost the entire body and plays an important role in detoxification and elimination of xenobiotics. These processes are initiated following the binding of xenobiotics to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which leads to the expression of several detoxification enzymes. To gain some insights on their impacts on skin cells over time, a temporal transcriptional analysis using gene expression arrays was performed in human primary epidermal keratinocyte (HEK) cells exposed for 6, 24 and 48 h to β-naphthoflavone (βNF), a potent agonist of AhR. Our results demonstrated that expression of genes related to xenobiotic, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling was increased upon βNF treatment from 6 h onwards. In contrast, the anti-oxidative response was seen mainly starting at 24 h. While some of the genes controlled by the epidermal differentiation complex was induced as soon as 6 h, expression of most of the S100 related genes located within the same chromosomal locus and keratin genes was increased at later times (24 and 48 h). Altogether our transcriptomic data highlight that following βNF exposure, HEK cells elicited a protective xenobiotic response together with the activation of inflammation and keratinocyte regeneration. Later on these processes were followed by the stimulation of anti-oxidant activity and terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Quantin
- THOR Personal Care, Departement de Toxicologie, Compiègne, France; Alliance Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR 7338 UTC-CNRS, BioMécanique et BioIngénierie, France
| | | | - Maxime Floreani
- THOR Personal Care, Departement de Toxicologie, Compiègne, France
| | - Christophe Egles
- Alliance Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR 7338 UTC-CNRS, BioMécanique et BioIngénierie, France.
| | - Philippe Benech
- Genex, France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Ficheux
- THOR Personal Care, Departement de Toxicologie, Compiègne, France
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19
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Mulero MC, Wang VYF, Huxford T, Ghosh G. Genome reading by the NF-κB transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9967-9989. [PMID: 31501881 PMCID: PMC6821244 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB family of dimeric transcription factors regulates transcription by selectively binding to DNA response elements present within promoters or enhancers of target genes. The DNA response elements, collectively known as κB sites or κB DNA, share the consensus 5'-GGGRNNNYCC-3' (where R, Y and N are purine, pyrimidine and any nucleotide base, respectively). In addition, several DNA sequences that deviate significantly from the consensus have been shown to accommodate binding by NF-κB dimers. X-ray crystal structures of NF-κB in complex with diverse κB DNA have helped elucidate the chemical principles that underlie target selection in vitro. However, NF-κB dimers encounter additional impediments to selective DNA binding in vivo. Work carried out during the past decades has identified some of the barriers to sequence selective DNA target binding within the context of chromatin and suggests possible mechanisms by which NF-κB might overcome these obstacles. In this review, we first highlight structural features of NF-κB:DNA complexes and how distinctive features of NF-κB proteins and DNA sequences contribute to specific complex formation. We then discuss how native NF-κB dimers identify DNA binding targets in the nucleus with support from additional factors and how post-translational modifications enable NF-κB to selectively bind κB sites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Mulero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vivien Ya-Fan Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Tom Huxford
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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20
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Gene variants in the NF-KB pathway (NFKB1, NFKBIA, NFKBIZ) and risk for early-onset coronary artery disease. Immunol Lett 2019; 208:39-43. [PMID: 30902734 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear-factor kappa-beta (NF-KB) is a driver of inflammation, and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Early-onset CAD is defined as a coronary ischaemic episode at an age ≤55 years, and in our population was strongly associated with male sex and smoking. Our aim was to determine whether common variants in three NF-KB genes were associated with early-onset CAD. We studied 609 patients with early-onset CAD and 423 healthy controls, all male. Allele and genotype frequencies for the NFKB1 rs28362491 (-94 delATTG) and NFKBIA rs8904 were not significantly different between the two groups. For the NFKBIZ rs3217713, the deletion allele was significantly more frequent in the patients than in controls (0.27 vs. 0.22; p = 0.004). Deletion-carriers were more frequent in the patients (p < 0.001), with an OR = 1.48 (95%CI = 1.15-1.90). We performed a multiple logistic regression (linear generalized model) with smoking, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and the rs3217713 deletion carriers remained significantly associated with early-onset CAD (p = 0.01). In our population, the NFKBIZ variant was an independent risk factor for developing early-onset CAD.
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21
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Mulero MC, Huxford T, Ghosh G. NF-κB, IκB, and IKK: Integral Components of Immune System Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1172:207-226. [PMID: 31628658 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9367-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa B) transcription factor plays crucial roles in the regulation of numerous biological processes including development of the immune system, inflammation, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Control over the immune cell functions of NF-κB results from signaling through one of two different routes: the canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathways. Present at the end of both pathways are the proteins NF-κB, IκB, and the IκB kinase (IKK). These proteins work together to deliver the myriad outcomes that influence context-dependent transcriptional control in immune cells. In the present chapter, we review the structural information available on NF-κB, IκB, and IKK, the critical terminal components of the NF-κB signaling, in relation to their physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Mulero
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tom Huxford
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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22
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Zhao M, Joy J, Zhou W, De S, Wood WH, Becker KG, Ji H, Sen R. Transcriptional outcomes and kinetic patterning of gene expression in response to NF-κB activation. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006347. [PMID: 30199532 PMCID: PMC6147668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulates cellular responses to environmental cues. Many stimuli induce NF-κB transiently, making time-dependent transcriptional outputs a fundamental feature of NF-κB activation. Here we show that NF-κB target genes have distinct kinetic patterns in activated B lymphoma cells. By combining RELA binding, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment, and perturbation of NF-κB activation, we demonstrate that kinetic differences amongst early- and late-activated RELA target genes can be understood based on chromatin configuration prior to cell activation and RELA-dependent priming, respectively. We also identified genes that were repressed by RELA activation and others that responded to RELA-activated transcription factors. Cumulatively, our studies define an NF-κB-responsive inducible gene cascade in activated B cells. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) family of transcription factors regulates cellular responses to a wide variety of environmental cues. These could be extracellular stimuli that activate cell surface receptors, such as pathogens, or intracellular stress signals such as DNA damage or oxidative stress. In response to these triggers, NF-κB proteins accumulate in the cell nucleus, bind to specific DNA sequences in the genome, and thereby modulate gene transcription. Because of the diversity of signals that activate NF-κB and the ubiquity of this pathway in most cell types, cellular outcomes via NF-κB activation must be finely tuned to respond to the initiating stimulus. One mechanism by which NF-κB-dependent gene expression is regulated is by varying the duration of nuclear NF-κB; some signals lead to persistent nuclear NF-κB, while others lead to transient nuclear NF-κB. Consequently, time dependency of transcriptional responses is a unique signature of the initiating stimulus. Here we probed mechanisms that generate kinetic patterns of NF-κB-dependent gene expression in B lymphoma cells responding to a transient NF-κB-activating stimulus. By genetically manipulating NF-κB induction, we identified direct targets of RELA, a member of the NF-κB family, and provide evidence that kinetic patterns are established by a combination of factors that include the chromatin state of genes prior to cell activation and cofactors that work with RELA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jaimy Joy
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Supriyo De
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William H. Wood
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Noncanonical NF-κB in Cancer. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6020066. [PMID: 29874793 PMCID: PMC6027307 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB pathway is a critical regulator of immune responses and is often dysregulated in cancer. Two NF-κB pathways have been described to mediate these responses, the canonical and the noncanonical. While understudied compared to the canonical NF-κB pathway, noncanonical NF-κB and its components have been shown to have effects, usually protumorigenic, in many different cancer types. Here, we review noncanonical NF-κB pathways and discuss its important roles in promoting cancer. We also discuss alternative NF-κB-independent functions of some the components of noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Finally, we discuss important crosstalk between canonical and noncanonical signaling, which blurs the two pathways, indicating that understanding the full picture of NF-κB regulation is critical to deciphering how this broad pathway promotes oncogenesis.
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24
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Willems M, Dubois N, Musumeci L, Bours V, Robe PA. IκBζ: an emerging player in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66310-66322. [PMID: 27579619 PMCID: PMC5323236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IκBζ, an atypical member of the nuclear IκB family of proteins, is expressed at low levels in most resting cells, but is induced upon stimulation of Toll-like/IL-1 receptors through an IRAK1/IRAK4/NFκB-dependent pathway. Like its homolog Bcl3, IκBζ can regulate the transcription of a set of inflamatory genes through its association with the p50 or p52 subunits of NF-κB. Long studied as a key component of the immune response, IκBζ emerges as an important regulator of inflammation, cell proliferation and survival. As a result, growing evidence support the role of this transcription factor in the pathogenesis number of human hematological and solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Willems
- Department of Human Genetics and GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Nadège Dubois
- Department of Human Genetics and GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Lucia Musumeci
- Department of Human Genetics and GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Vincent Bours
- Department of Human Genetics and GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre A Robe
- Department of Human Genetics and GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro-Oncology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Coto-Segura P, Gonzalez-Lara L, Gómez J, Eiris N, Batalla A, Gómez C, Requena S, Queiro R, Alonso B, Iglesias S, Coto E. NFKBIZ in Psoriasis: Assessing the association with gene polymorphisms and report of a new transcript variant. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:435-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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26
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Kohda A, Yamazaki S, Sumimoto H. The Nuclear Protein IκBζ Forms a Transcriptionally Active Complex with Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) p50 and the Lcn2 Promoter via the N- and C-terminal Ankyrin Repeat Motifs. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20739-52. [PMID: 27489104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.719302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear protein IκBζ, comprising the N-terminal trans-activation domain and the C-terminal ankyrin repeat (ANK) domain composed of seven ANK motifs, activates transcription of a subset of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent innate immune genes such as Lcn2 encoding the antibacterial protein lipocalin-2. Lcn2 activation requires formation of a complex containing IκBζ and NF-κB p50, a transcription factor that harbors the DNA-binding Rel homology region but lacks a trans-activation domain, on the promoter with the canonical NF-κB-binding site (κB site) and its downstream cytosine-rich element. Here we show that IκBζ productively interacts with p50 via Asp-451 in the N terminus of ANK1, a residue that is evolutionarily conserved among IκBζ and the related nuclear IκB proteins Bcl-3 and IκBNS Threonine substitution for Asp-451 abrogates direct association with the κB-site-binding protein p50, complex formation with the Lcn2 promoter DNA, and activation of Lcn2 transcription. The basic residues Lys-717 and Lys-719 in the C-terminal region of ANK7 contribute to IκBζ binding to the Lcn2 promoter, probably via interaction with the cytosine-rich element required for Lcn2 activation; glutamate substitution for both lysines results in a loss of transcriptionally active complex formation without affecting direct contact of IκBζ with p50. Both termini of the ANK domain in Bcl-3 and IκBNS function in a manner similar to that of IκBζ to interact with promoter DNA, indicating a common mechanism in which the nuclear IκBs form a regulatory complex with NF-κB and promoter DNA via the invariant aspartate in ANK1 and the conserved basic residues in ANK7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kohda
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Soh Yamazaki
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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27
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Hörber S, Hildebrand DG, Lieb WS, Lorscheid S, Hailfinger S, Schulze-Osthoff K, Essmann F. The Atypical Inhibitor of NF-κB, IκBζ, Controls Macrophage Interleukin-10 Expression. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12851-12861. [PMID: 27129283 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.718825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages constitute a first line of pathogen defense by triggering a number of inflammatory responses and the secretion of various pro-inflammatory cytokines. Recently, we and others found that IκBζ, an atypical IκB family member and transcriptional coactivator of selected NF-κB target genes, is essential for macrophage expression of a subset of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-12, and CCL2. Despite defective pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, however, IκBζ-deficient mice develop symptoms of chronic inflammation. To elucidate this discrepancy, we analyzed a regulatory role of IκBζ for the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and identified IκBζ as an essential activator of IL-10 expression. LPS-challenged peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages from IκBζ-deficient mice revealed strongly decreased transcription and secretion of IL-10 compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, ectopic expression of IκBζ was sufficient to stimulate Il10 transcription. On the molecular level, IκBζ directly activated the Il10 promoter at a proximal κB site and was required for the transcription-enhancing trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 4. Together, our findings show for the first time the IκBζ-dependent expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine that is crucial in controlling immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hörber
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and
| | - Dominic G Hildebrand
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and
| | - Wolfgang S Lieb
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and
| | - Sebastian Lorscheid
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and
| | - Stephan Hailfinger
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and; the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frank Essmann
- From the Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and.
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28
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IκBζ: A key protein in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Cytokine 2016; 78:20-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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29
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Cartwright T, Perkins ND, L Wilson C. NFKB1: a suppressor of inflammation, ageing and cancer. FEBS J 2016; 283:1812-22. [PMID: 26663363 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic consequences of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB) pathway activation result from the combinatorial effects of the five subunits that form the homo- and heterodimeric NF-κB complexes. Although biochemical and gene knockout studies have demonstrated overlapping and distinct functions for these proteins, much is still not known about the mechanisms determining context-dependent functions, the formation of different dimer complexes and transcriptional control in response to diverse stimuli. Here we discuss recent results that reveal that the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (NFKB1) (p105/p50) subunit is an important regulator of NF-κB activity in vivo. These effects are not restricted to being a dimer partner for other NF-κB subunits. Rather p50 homodimers have a critical role as suppressors of the NF-κB response, while the p105 precursor has a variety of NF-κB-independent functions. The importance of Nfkb1 function can be seen in mouse models, where Nfkb1(-/-) mice display increased inflammation and susceptibility to certain forms of DNA damage, leading to cancer, and a rapid ageing phenotype. In humans, low expression of Kip1 ubiquitination-promoting complex 1 (KPC1), a ubiquitin ligase required for p105 to p50 processing, was shown to correlate with a reduction in p50 and glioblastoma incidence. Therefore, while the majority of research in this field has focused on the upstream signalling pathways leading to NF-κB activation or the function of other NF-κB subunits, such as RelA (p65), these data demonstrate a critical role for NFKB1, potentially revealing new strategies for targeting this pathway in inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrell Cartwright
- Fibrosis Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Neil D Perkins
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Caroline L Wilson
- Fibrosis Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
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30
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Poveda J, Sanz AB, Rayego-Mateos S, Ruiz-Ortega M, Carrasco S, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. NFκBiz protein downregulation in acute kidney injury: Modulation of inflammation and survival in tubular cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:635-646. [PMID: 26776679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is characterized by decreased renal function, tubular cell death and interstitial inflammation. The transcription factor NF-κB is a key regulator of genes involved in cell survival and the inflammatory response. In order to better understand the regulation and role of NF-κB in acute kidney injury we explored the expression of NF-κB-related genes in experimental acute kidney injury induced by a folic acid overdose. NFκBiz, a member of the IκB family of NF-κB regulators encoding NFκBiz, was among the top up-regulated NF-κB-related genes at the mRNA level in experimental acute kidney injury. However, the NFκBiz protein was constitutively expressed by normal tubular cells but was down-regulated in experimental acute kidney injury. Kidney NFκBiz mRNA upregulation and protein downregulation was also observed in acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin or unilateral kidney injury resulting from ureteral obstruction. Thus, we studied the consequences of NFκBiz protein downregulation by specific siRNA in cultured tubular epithelial cells. NFκBiz mRNA and protein were up-regulated by inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β or TWEAK/TNFα/IFNγ) and by LPS in cultured tubular cells. However, TWEAK only induced a very mild and short lived NFκBiz upregulation. NFκBiz targeting increased chemokine production and dampened Klotho downregulation induced by TWEAK, without modulating cell proliferation. NFκBiz targeting also rendered cells more resistant to apoptosis induced by serum deprivation or inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, NFκBiz differentially regulates NF-κB-mediated responses of tubular cells to inflammatory cytokines in a gene-specific manner, and may be of potential therapeutic interest to limit inflammation in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonay Poveda
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo-IRSIN and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana B Sanz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo-IRSIN and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo-IRSIN and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo-IRSIN and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Carrasco
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo-IRSIN and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo-IRSIN and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria D Sanchez-Niño
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo-IRSIN and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Although TNFα- and IL-17A-targeting drugs have recently proven to be highly effective, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains poorly understood. We found that expression of the atypical IκB member IκB (inhibitor of NF-κB) ζ, a selective coactivator of particular NF-κB target genes, was strongly increased in skin of patients with psoriasis. Moreover, in human keratinocytes IκBζ was identified as a direct transcriptional activator of TNFα/IL-17A-inducible psoriasis-associated proteins. Using genetically modified mice, we found that imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation was completely absent in IκBζ-deficient mice, whereas skin inflammation was still inducible in IL-17A- and TNFα-deficient mice. IκBζ deficiency also conferred resistance against IL-23-induced psoriasis. In addition, local abrogation of IκBζ function by intradermal injection of IκBζ siRNA abolished psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Taken together, we identify IκBζ as a hitherto unknown key regulator of IL-17A-driven effects in psoriasis. Thus, targeting IκBζ could be a future strategy for treatment of psoriasis, and other inflammatory diseases for which IL-17 antagonists are currently tested in clinical trials.
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32
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Cookson VJ, Waite SL, Heath PR, Hurd PJ, Gandhi SV, Chapman NR. Binding loci of RelA-containing nuclear factor-kappaB dimers in promoter regions of PHM1-31 myometrial smooth muscle cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:865-83. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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33
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Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that maternal immune activation has a significant impact on the immuno-competence of the offspring. The present study aimed to characterize region-specific effects of maternal immune activation on the offspring’s neuroimmune function. The offspring born to dams treated with saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at gestational day 18 was stimulated with saline or LPS at postnatal day 21, and the mRNA expression of various inflammatory genes in different brain regions of the offspring was analyzed. The offspring born to saline-treated dams exhibited a typical neuroimmune response with elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines following LPS stimulation in all four brain regions examined. In contrast, the offspring born to LPS-treated dams exhibited significantly reduced mRNA induction of cytokines and chemokines following LPS stimulation in the prefrontal cortex but not in the brainstem when compared with pups born to saline-treated dams. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of LPS-induced I-κBζ was significantly attenuated in the prefrontal cortex when compared with pups born to saline-treated dams. These results suggest that maternal LPS may have differential effects on the neuroimmune function in different regions of the offspring brain, and highlight the importance of maternal milieu in the development of neuroimmune function in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, New Jersey, USA
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34
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Borkowski J, Li L, Steinmann U, Quednau N, Stump-Guthier C, Weiss C, Findeisen P, Gretz N, Ishikawa H, Tenenbaum T, Schroten H, Schwerk C. Neisseria meningitidis elicits a pro-inflammatory response involving IκBζ in a human blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier model. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:163. [PMID: 25347003 PMCID: PMC4172843 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human-specific, Gram-negative bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis worldwide. The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), which is constituted by the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus (CP), has been suggested as one of the potential entry sites of Nm into the CSF and can contribute to the inflammatory response during infectious diseases of the brain. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in mediating signal transduction caused by the pathogens. METHODS Using a recently established in vitro model of the human BCSFB based on human malignant CP papilloma (HIBCPP) cells we investigated the cellular response of HIBCPP cells challenged with the meningitis-causing Nm strain, MC58, employing transcriptome and RT-PCR analysis, cytokine bead array, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In comparison, we analyzed the answer to the closely related unencapsulated carrier isolate Nm α14. The presence of TLRs in HIBCPP and their role during signal transduction caused by Nm was studied by RT-PCR and the use of specific agonists and mutant bacteria. RESULTS We observed a stronger transcriptional response after infection with strain MC58, in particular with its capsule-deficient mutant MC58siaD-, which correlated with bacterial invasion levels. Expression evaluation and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis pointed to a NFκB-mediated pro-inflammatory immune response involving up-regulation of the transcription factor IκBζ. Infected cells secreted significant levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, including, among others, IL8, CXCL1-3, and the IκBζ target gene product IL6. The expression profile of pattern recognition receptors in HIBCPP cells and the response to specific agonists indicates that TLR2/TLR6, rather than TLR4 or TLR2/TLR1, is involved in the cellular reaction following Nm infection. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that Nm can initiate a pro-inflammatory response in human CP epithelial cells probably involving TLR2/TLR6 signaling and the transcriptional regulator IκBζ.
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35
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Kohda A, Yamazaki S, Sumimoto H. DNA element downstream of theκB site in theLcn2promoter is required for transcriptional activation by IκBζand NF-κB p50. Genes Cells 2014; 19:620-8. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kohda
- Department of Biochemistry; Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Soh Yamazaki
- Department of Biochemistry; Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry; Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
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36
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Abstract
Constitutive activation of the nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) pathway is a hallmark of the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Recurrent mutations of NF-κB regulators that cause constitutive activity of this oncogenic pathway have been identified. However, it remains unclear how specific target genes are regulated. We identified the atypical nuclear IκB protein IκB-ζ to be upregulated in ABC compared with germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) DLBCL primary patient samples. Knockdown of IκB-ζ by RNA interference was toxic to ABC but not to GCB DLBCL cell lines. Gene expression profiling after IκB-ζ knockdown demonstrated a significant downregulation of a large number of known NF-κB target genes, indicating an essential role of IκB-ζ in regulating a specific set of NF-κB target genes. To further investigate how IκB-ζ mediates NF-κB activity, we performed immunoprecipitations and detected a physical interaction of IκB-ζ with both p50 and p52 NF-κB subunits, indicating that IκB-ζ interacts with components of both the canonical and the noncanonical NF-κB pathway in ABC DLBCL. Collectively, our data demonstrate that IκB-ζ is essential for nuclear NF-κB activity in ABC DLBCL, and thus might represent a promising molecular target for future therapies.
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37
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Hildebrand DG, Alexander E, Hörber S, Lehle S, Obermayer K, Münck NA, Rothfuss O, Frick JS, Morimatsu M, Schmitz I, Roth J, Ehrchen JM, Essmann F, Schulze-Osthoff K. IκBζ is a transcriptional key regulator of CCL2/MCP-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4812-20. [PMID: 23547114 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CCL2, also referred to as MCP-1, is critically involved in directing the migration of blood monocytes to sites of inflammation. Consequently, excessive CCL2 secretion has been linked to many inflammatory diseases, whereas a lack of expression severely impairs immune responsiveness. We demonstrate that IκBζ, an atypical IκB family member and transcriptional coactivator required for the selective expression of a subset of NF-κB target genes, is a key activator of the Ccl2 gene. IκBζ-deficient macrophages exhibited impaired secretion of CCL2 when challenged with diverse inflammatory stimuli, such as LPS or peptidoglycan. These findings were reflected at the level of Ccl2 gene expression, which was tightly coupled to the presence of IκBζ. Moreover, mechanistic insights acquired by chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrate that IκBζ is directly recruited to the proximal promoter region of the Ccl2 gene and is required for transcription-enhancing histone H3 at lysine-4 trimethylation. Finally, IκBζ-deficient mice showed significantly impaired CCL2 secretion and monocyte infiltration in an experimental model of peritonitis. Together, these findings suggest a distinguished role of IκBζ in mediating the targeted recruitment of monocytes in response to local inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic G Hildebrand
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Ryzhakov G, Teixeira A, Saliba D, Blazek K, Muta T, Ragoussis J, Udalova IA. Cross-species analysis reveals evolving and conserved features of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) proteins. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11546-54. [PMID: 23508954 PMCID: PMC3630861 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.451153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is a key regulator of immune gene expression in metazoans. It is currently unclear what changes occurred in NF-κB during animal evolution and what features remained conserved. To address this question, we compared the biochemical and functional properties of NF-κB proteins derived from human and the starlet sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis) in 1) a high-throughput assay of in vitro preferences for DNA sequences, 2) ChIP analysis of in vivo recruitment to the promoters of target genes, 3) a LUMIER-assisted examination of interactions with cofactors, and 4) a transactivation assay. We observed a remarkable evolutionary conservation of the DNA binding preferences of the animal NF-κB orthologs. We also show that NF-κB dimerization properties, nuclear localization signals, and binding to cytosolic IκBs are conserved. Surprisingly, the Bcl3-type nuclear IκB proteins functionally pair up only with NF-κB derived from their own species. The basis of the differential NF-κB recognition by IκB subfamilies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory Ryzhakov
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom.
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39
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Evolutionary, structural and functional interplay of the IκB family members. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54178. [PMID: 23372681 PMCID: PMC3553144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary level of control for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is effected through its interactions with the inhibitor protein, inhibitor of kappa B (IκB). Several lines of evidence confirm the existence of multiple forms of IκB that appear to regulate NF-κB by distinct mechanisms. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to understand the evolutionary history and intrinsic functional diversity of IκB family members. Phylogenetic relationships were constructed to trace the evolution of the IκB family genes. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed 10 IκB subfamily members that clustered into 5 major clades. Since the ankyrin (ANK) domain appears to be more ancient than the Rel homology domain (RHD), our phylogenetic analysis suggests that some undefined ancestral set of ANK repeats acquired an RHD before any duplication and was later duplicated and then diverged into the different IκB subfamilies. Functional analysis identified several functionally divergent sites in the ANK repeat domains (ARDs) and revealed that this region has undergone strong purifying selection, suggesting its functional importance in IκB genes. Structural analysis showed that the major variations in the number of ANK repeats and high conformational changes in the finger loop ARD region contribute to the differing binding partner specificities, thereby leading to distinct IκB functions. In summary, our study has provided useful information about the phylogeny and structural and functional divergence of the IκB family. Additionally, we identified a number of amino acid sites that contribute to the predicted functional divergence of these proteins.
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Yang ZY, Wang L, Hou YX, Wang XB. Matrine promotes hepatic regeneration by negatively regulating the Notch-RBP-Jκ-NF-κB signal pathway in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:2166-2170. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i20.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the role that NF-κB and RBP-Jκ play during matrine-promoted hepatic regeneration.
METHODS: Sixty SD rats were equally and randomly divided into two groups: model group and matrine group. Both groups of rats underwent 2/3 partial hepatectomy. The matrine group was intragastrically administrated with matrine. Hepatic histology, ultramicrostructure and the expression of NF-κB protein and RBP-Jκ mRNA were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR at different time points (1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d) after operation.
RESULTS: The number of oval cells increased on day 1 after operation in the model group, reached the peak on days 7-14, but decreased on days 14-21. Treatment with matrine decreased the number of oval cells. Desmosome junctions were observed in hepatic oval cells by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of NF-κB protein and RBP-Jκ mRNA reached the peak 14 d after operation in the model group. Treatment with matrine decreased the expression of NF-κB protein and RBP-Jκ mRNA on day 21.
CONCLUSION: Matrine promotes hepatic regenerate by negatively regulating the Notch-RBP-Jκ-NF-κB signal pathway, inhibiting the proliferation of oval cells, and promoting the differentiation of oval cells.
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Chang Y, Levy D, Horton JR, Peng J, Zhang X, Gozani O, Cheng X. Structural basis of SETD6-mediated regulation of the NF-kB network via methyl-lysine signaling. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:6380-9. [PMID: 21515635 PMCID: PMC3159447 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SET domain containing 6 (SETD6) monomethylates the RelA subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The ankyrin repeats of G9a-like protein (GLP) recognizes RelA monomethylated at Lys310. Adjacent to Lys310 is Ser311, a known phosphorylation site of RelA. Ser311 phosphorylation inhibits Lys310 methylation by SETD6 as well as binding of Lys310me1 by GLP. The structure of SETD6 in complex with RelA peptide containing the methylation site, in the presence of S-adenosyl-l-methionine, reveals a V-like protein structure and suggests a model for NF-κB binding to SETD6. In addition, structural modeling of the GLP ankyrin repeats bound to Lys310me1 peptide provides insight into the molecular basis for inhibition of Lys310me1 binding by Ser311 phosphorylation. Together, these findings provide a structural explanation for a key cellular signaling pathway centered on RelA Lys310 methylation, which is generated by SETD6 and recognized by GLP, and incorporate a methylation–phosphorylation switch of adjacent lysine and serine residues. Finally, SETD6 is structurally similar to the Rubisco large subunit methyltransferase. Given the restriction of Rubisco to plant species, this particular appearance of the protein lysine methyltransferase has been evolutionarily well conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production by natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes is a key component of innate and adaptive immune responses. Because inhibitor of κB-ζ (IκBζ), a Toll-like receptor (TLR)/interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) inducible transcription factor, regulates IFN-γ production in KG-1 cells, we tested IκBζ's role in the classic lymphocyte pathway of IL-12/IL-18-induced IFN-γ. Upon stimulation with IL-12/IL-18, monocyte-depleted human peripheral blood lymphocytes expressed the 79-kDa form of IκBζ and released IFN-γ. CD56(+) NK cells were shown to be the IκBζ-producing lymphocyte subpopulation, which also released abundant IFN-γ in response to IL-12/IL-18. Importantly, IκBζ was undetectable in CD56(-) lymphocytes where IFN-γ release was 10-fold lower. In addition, small interfering RNA knockdown of IκBζ suppressed IFN-γ expression in CD56(+) cells. The association of IκBζ with the IFN-γ promoter was documented by chromatin immunoprecipitation. IFN-γ promoter activity from IκBζ overexpression was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Finally, IκBζ coprecipitated with p65 and p50 NF-κB in NK cells in response to IL-12/IL-18, suggesting that IκBζ's effects on IFN-γ promoter activity are coregulated by NF-κB. These results suggest that IκBζ functions as an important regulator of IFN-γ in human NK cells, further expanding the class of IκBζ-modulated genes.
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O'Dea E, Hoffmann A. NF-κB signaling. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 1:107-115. [PMID: 20151024 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB transcription factor is a critical regulator of the immune system, and is responsive to a large number of stimuli. Different stimuli engage signaling pathways to activate NF-κB, and effect distinct cellular responses. Mathematical modeling of the NF-κB network has been useful in studying the dynamic and cross-talk regulation of NF-κB. In this review, we discuss the regulation of NF-κB activity in response to different types of stimuli, including inflammatory signals, developmental cues, metabolic stress, and DNA damage. The distinct molecular mechanisms engaged in each pathway for activating and terminating NF-κB activity are discussed. In addition, we summarize the evidence for cross-talk mechanisms that allow for different stimuli to be integrated within the NF-κB signaling module to produce synergistic or qualitatively different signaling outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen O'Dea
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Manavalan B, Basith S, Choi YM, Lee G, Choi S. Structure-function relationship of cytoplasmic and nuclear IκB proteins: an in silico analysis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15782. [PMID: 21203422 PMCID: PMC3009747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic IκB proteins are primary regulators that interact with NF-κB subunits in the cytoplasm of unstimulated cells. Upon stimulation, these IκB proteins are rapidly degraded, thus allowing NF-κB to translocate into the nucleus and activate the transcription of genes encoding various immune mediators. Subsequent to translocation, nuclear IκB proteins play an important role in the regulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity by acting either as activators or inhibitors. To date, molecular basis for the binding of IκBα, IκBβ and IκBζ along with their partners is known; however, the activation and inhibition mechanism of the remaining IκB (IκBNS, IκBε and Bcl-3) proteins remains elusive. Moreover, even though IκB proteins are structurally similar, it is difficult to determine the exact specificities of IκB proteins towards their respective binding partners. The three-dimensional structures of IκBNS, IκBζ and IκBε were modeled. Subsequently, we used an explicit solvent method to perform detailed molecular dynamic simulations of these proteins along with their known crystal structures (IκBα, IκBβ and Bcl-3) in order to investigate the flexibility of the ankyrin repeat domains (ARDs). Furthermore, the refined models of IκBNS, IκBε and Bcl-3 were used for multiple protein-protein docking studies for the identification of IκBNS-p50/p50, IκBε-p50/p65 and Bcl-3-p50/p50 complexes in order to study the structural basis of their activation and inhibition. The docking experiments revealed that IκBε masked the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of the p50/p65 subunits, thereby preventing its translocation into the nucleus. For the Bcl-3- and IκBNS-p50/p50 complexes, the results show that Bcl-3 mediated transcription through its transactivation domain (TAD) while IκBNS inhibited transcription due to its lack of a TAD, which is consistent with biochemical studies. Additionally, the numbers of identified flexible residues were equal in number among all IκB proteins, although they were not conserved. This could be the primary reason for their binding partner specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandran Manavalan
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaherin Basith
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Manavalan B, Govindaraj R, Lee G, Choi S. Molecular modeling-based evaluation of dual function of IκBζ ankyrin repeat domain in toll-like receptor signaling. J Mol Recognit 2010; 24:597-607. [PMID: 21472811 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 06/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IκBζ (inhibitor of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) ζ) is a nuclear protein induced upon stimulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptor. Induced IκBζ, especially its C-terminal ankyrin repeat domain (ARD), interacts with NF-κB in the nucleus, where it regulates the transcriptional activity of target genes. Recent studies have shown that human ARD of IκBζ binds with p50/p65 heterodimer and inhibits the transcription of NF-κB regulated genes, whereas mouse ARD of IκBζ binds with p50/p50 homodimer and exhibits transcriptional activation activity. Since human and mouse IκBζ ARD are identical, it is unclear how IκBζ can be a positive and negative regulator of NF-κB-mediated transcription. Therefore, we generated a structural model of IκBζ ARD and constructed a detailed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of IκBζ in explicit solvent to investigate ARD flexibility. In addition, we used molecular docking to screen for potential sites of interaction between IκBζ and the p50/p65 heterodimer and IκBζ and the p50/p50 homodimer. The docking experiments revealed that the binding of IκBζ ankyrin repeats with the p50/p65 N-terminal DNA binding domain prevents NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation. Furthermore, the IκBζ-p50 homodimer complex, which lacks Pro, Glu (and Asp), Ser and Thr (PEST motif), facilitated gene expression. These two different binding schemes of IκBζ may be responsible for its opposite function, which is consistent with the currently available biochemical data. Moreover, our data implicate structurally highly flexible ARD residues as the prime contributors to this dual function.
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Huxford T, Ghosh G. A structural guide to proteins of the NF-kappaB signaling module. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2010; 1:a000075. [PMID: 20066103 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The prosurvival transcription factor NF-kappaB specifically binds promoter DNA to activate target gene expression. NF-kappaB is regulated through interactions with IkappaB inhibitor proteins. Active proteolysis of these IkappaB proteins is, in turn, under the control of the IkappaB kinase complex (IKK). Together, these three molecules form the NF-kappaB signaling module. Studies aimed at characterizing the molecular mechanisms of NF-kappaB, IkappaB, and IKK in terms of their three-dimensional structures have lead to a greater understanding of this vital transcription factor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Huxford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, USA
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Chapman SJ, Khor CC, Vannberg FO, Rautanen A, Segal S, Moore CE, Davies RJO, Day NP, Peshu N, Crook DW, Berkley JA, Williams TN, Scott JA, Hill AVS. NFKBIZ polymorphisms and susceptibility to pneumococcal disease in European and African populations. Genes Immun 2010; 11:319-25. [PMID: 19798075 PMCID: PMC3051152 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2009.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) has a central role in host defence against pneumococcal disease. Both rare mutations and common polymorphisms in the NFKBIA gene encoding the NF-kappaB inhibitor, IkappaB-alpha, associate with susceptibility to bacterial disease, but the possible role of polymorphisms within the related IkappaB-zeta gene NFKBIZ in the development of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has not been reported previously. To investigate this further, we examined the frequencies of 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms spanning NFKBIZ in two case-control studies, comprising UK Caucasian (n=1008) and Kenyan (n=723) individuals. Nine polymorphisms within a single UK linkage disequilibrium (LD) block and all four polymorphisms within the equivalent, shorter Kenyan LD block displayed either a significant association with IPD or a trend towards association. For each polymorphism, heterozygosity was associated with protection from IPD when compared with the combined homozygous states (for example, for rs600718, Mantel-Haenszel 2 x 2 chi(2)=7.576, P=0.006, odds ratio (OR)=0.67, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for OR: 0.51-0.88; for rs616597, Mantel-Haenszel 2 x 2 chi(2)=8.715, P=0.003, OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.49-0.86). We conclude that multiple NFKBIZ polymorphisms associate with susceptibility to IPD in humans. The study of multiple populations may aid in fine mapping of associations within extensive regions of strong LD ('transethnic mapping').
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Chapman
- Immunity and Inflammation, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Sparna T, Rétey J, Schmich K, Albrecht U, Naumann K, Gretz N, Fischer HP, Bode JG, Merfort I. Genome-wide comparison between IL-17 and combined TNF-alpha/IL-17 induced genes in primary murine hepatocytes. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:226. [PMID: 20374638 PMCID: PMC2858152 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta are known for their contribution to inflammatory processes in liver. In contrast, the cytokine IL-17 has not yet been assigned a role in liver diseases. IL-17 can cooperate with TNF-alpha to induce a synergistic response on several target genes in different cell lines, but no data exist for primary hepatocytes. To enhance our knowledge on the impact of IL-17 alone and combined with TNF-alpha in primary murine hepatocytes a comprehensive microarray study was designed. IL-1beta was included as this cytokine is suggested to act in a similar manner as the combination of TNF-alpha and IL-17, especially with respect to its role in mRNA stabilization. Results The present microarray analysis demonstrates that primary murine hepatocytes responded to IL-17 stimulation by upregulation of chemokines and genes, which are functionally responsible to increase and sustain inflammation. Cxcl2, Nfkbiz and Zc3h12a were strongly induced, whereas the majority of the genes were only very moderately up-regulated. Promoter analysis revealed involvement of NF-kappaB in the activation of many genes. Combined stimulation of TNF-alpha/IL-17 resulted in enhanced induction of gene expression, but significantly synergistic effects could be applied only to a few genes, such as Nfkbiz, Cxcl2, Zc3h12 and Steap4. Comparison of the gene expression profile obtained after stimulation of TNF-alpha/IL-17 versus IL-1beta proposed an "IL-1beta-like effect" of the latter cytokine combination. Moreover, evidence was provided that modulation of mRNA stability may be a major mechanism by which IL-17 regulates gene expression in primary hepatocytes. This assumption was exemplarily proven for Nfkbiz mRNA for the first time in hepatocytes. Our studies also suggest that RNA stability can partially be correlated to the existence of AU rich elements, but further mechanisms like the RNase activity of the up-regulated Zc3h12a have to be considered. Conclusions Our microarray analysis gives new insights in IL-17 induced gene expression in primary hepatocytes highlighting the crosstalk with the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Gene expression profile suggests IL-17 alone and in concert with TNF-alpha a role in sustaining liver inflammatory processes. IL-17 might exceed this function by RNA stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Sparna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Kinetic enhancement of NF-kappaBxDNA dissociation by IkappaBalpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:19328-33. [PMID: 19887633 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0908797106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of the NF-kappaB transcription response to inflammatory cytokines is the remarkably rapid rate of robust activation and subsequent signal repression. Although the rapidity of postinduction repression is explained partly by the fact that the gene for IkappaBalpha is strongly induced by NF-kappaB, the newly synthesized IkappaBalpha still must enter the nucleus and compete for binding to NF-kappaB with the very large number of kappaB sites in the DNA. We present results from real-time binding kinetic experiments, demonstrating that IkappaBalpha increases the dissociation rate of NF-kappaB from the DNA in a highly efficient kinetic process. Analysis of various IkappaB mutant proteins shows that this process requires the C-terminal PEST sequence and the weakly folded fifth and sixth ankyrin repeats of IkappaBalpha. Mutational stabilization of these repeats reduces the efficiency with which IkappaBalpha enhances the dissociation rate.
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