1
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Yamano K, Kinefuchi H, Kojima W. Mitochondrial quality control via organelle and protein degradation. J Biochem 2024; 175:487-494. [PMID: 38102729 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential eukaryotic organelles that produce ATP as well as synthesize various macromolecules. They also participate in signalling pathways such as the innate immune response and apoptosis. These diverse functions are performed by >1,000 different mitochondrial proteins. Although mitochondria are continuously exposed to potentially damaging conditions such as reactive oxygen species, proteases/peptidases localized in different mitochondrial subcompartments, termed mitoproteases, maintain mitochondrial quality and integrity. In addition to processing incoming precursors and degrading damaged proteins, mitoproteases also regulate metabolic reactions, mitochondrial protein half-lives and gene transcription. Impaired mitoprotease function is associated with various pathologies. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of mitochondrial quality control regulated by autophagy, ubiquitin-proteasomes and mitoproteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamano
- Department of Biomolecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kinefuchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Waka Kojima
- Department of Biomolecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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2
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Reed AL, Mitchell W, Alexandrescu AT, Alder NN. Interactions of amyloidogenic proteins with mitochondrial protein import machinery in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1263420. [PMID: 38028797 PMCID: PMC10652799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1263420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mitochondrial proteins are targeted to the organelle by N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequences (MTSs, or "presequences") that are recognized by the import machinery and subsequently cleaved to yield the mature protein. MTSs do not have conserved amino acid compositions, but share common physicochemical properties, including the ability to form amphipathic α-helical structures enriched with basic and hydrophobic residues on alternating faces. The lack of strict sequence conservation implies that some polypeptides can be mistargeted to mitochondria, especially under cellular stress. The pathogenic accumulation of proteins within mitochondria is implicated in many aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Mechanistically, these diseases may originate in part from mitochondrial interactions with amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) or its cleavage product amyloid-β (Aβ), α-synuclein (α-syn), and mutant forms of huntingtin (mHtt), respectively, that are mediated in part through their associations with the mitochondrial protein import machinery. Emerging evidence suggests that these amyloidogenic proteins may present cryptic targeting signals that act as MTS mimetics and can be recognized by mitochondrial import receptors and transported into different mitochondrial compartments. Accumulation of these mistargeted proteins could overwhelm the import machinery and its associated quality control mechanisms, thereby contributing to neurological disease progression. Alternatively, the uptake of amyloidogenic proteins into mitochondria may be part of a protein quality control mechanism for clearance of cytotoxic proteins. Here we review the pathomechanisms of these diseases as they relate to mitochondrial protein import and effects on mitochondrial function, what features of APP/Aβ, α-syn and mHtt make them suitable substrates for the import machinery, and how this information can be leveraged for the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Reed
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Wayne Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrei T. Alexandrescu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Nathan N. Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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3
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Di Donfrancesco A, Berlingieri C, Giacomello M, Frascarelli C, Magalhaes Rebelo AP, Bindoff LA, Reeval S, Renbaum P, Santorelli FM, Massaro G, Viscomi C, Zeviani M, Ghezzi D, Bottani E, Brunetti D. PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone recovers mitochondrial quality control in fibroblasts from PITRM1-deficient patients. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1220620. [PMID: 37576821 PMCID: PMC10415619 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1220620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Biallelic variants in PITRM1 are associated with a slowly progressive syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, spinocerebellar ataxia, cognitive decline and psychosis. The pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 (PITRM1) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme, which digests diverse oligopeptides, including the mitochondrial targeting sequences (MTS) that are cleaved from proteins imported across the inner mitochondrial membrane by the mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP). Mitochondrial peptidases also play a role in the maturation of Frataxin, the protein affected in Friedreich's ataxia. Recent studies in yeast indicated that the mitochondrial matrix protease Ste23, which is a homologue of the human insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), cooperates with Cym1 (homologue of PITRM1) to ensure the proper functioning of the preprotein processing machinery. In humans, IDE could be upregulated by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) agonists. Methods: We investigated preprotein processing, mitochondrial membrane potential and MTS degradation in control and patients' fibroblasts, and we evaluated the pharmacological effect of the PPARG agonist Pioglitazone on mitochondrial proteostasis. Results: We discovered that PITRM1 dysfunction results in the accumulation of MTS, leading to the disruption and dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. This triggers a feedback inhibition of MPP activity, consequently impairing the processing and maturation of Frataxin. Furthermore, we found that the pharmacological stimulation of PPARG by Pioglitazone upregulates IDE and also PITRM1 protein levels restoring the presequence processing machinery and improving Frataxin maturation and mitochondrial function. Discussion: Our findings provide mechanistic insights and suggest a potential pharmacological strategy for this rare neurodegenerative mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Di Donfrancesco
- Unità di Genetica Medica e Neurogenetica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Berlingieri
- Unità di Genetica Medica e Neurogenetica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Frascarelli
- Unità di Genetica Medica e Neurogenetica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Segel Reeval
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paul Renbaum
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Giulia Massaro
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unità di Genetica Medica e Neurogenetica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bottani
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Dario Brunetti
- Unità di Genetica Medica e Neurogenetica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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4
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Yasuhara T, Nakai T, Fujiki Y. Purification and characterization of protease M, a yeast mitochondrial nucleotide-stimulated metal protease: Its identification as CYM1 gene product, a mitochondrial presequence peptidase. J Biochem 2022; 172:277-292. [PMID: 35997162 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A chelator-sensitive protease in the mitochondrial matrix of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 144, 277, 1987), was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme, termed protease M, specifically hydrolyzes peptide substrates on the N-side of the paired basic residues. When mastoparan was used as substrate, it cleaved Ala8-Leu9 and Lys11-Lys12 bonds as well as the N-side of Lys11-Lys12 residues. Nucleotide triphosphates stimulated the activity 3-fold at 2.5 mM. The genomic DNA sequence showed that Protease M was gene product of CYM1 known as mitochondrial presequence protease homologue in S. cerevisiae, encoding a 989-amino-acid long precursor protein. The N-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme indicated that protease M has 16-residue signal sequence and the "mature" protein consists of 973 amino acids with a molecular mass of 110 kDa. Protease M contained consensus sequence motifs of ATP-binding site very near the carboxyl terminus. The alignment of the two ATP-binding motifs is an inverted version of the common alignment. Gene-disruption of the enzyme generates mixed subunits in tetrameric MnSOD formed with 23-kDa mature and 24-kDa partial presequence-containing subunits. This report describes newly identified enzyme properties of the CYM1 gene product, protease M, and abnormal MnSOD complex formation of the disruption mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimasa Yasuhara
- Innovation Division, Co-Creation Bureau, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nakai
- Radioisotope Research Center, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiki
- Institute of Rheological Functions of Food-Kyushu University Collaboration Program, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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5
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Hytönen MK, Sarviaho R, Jackson CB, Syrjä P, Jokinen T, Matiasek K, Rosati M, Dallabona C, Baruffini E, Quintero I, Arumilli M, Monteuuis G, Donner J, Anttila M, Suomalainen A, Bindoff LA, Lohi H. In-frame deletion in canine PITRM1 is associated with a severe early-onset epilepsy, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1593-1609. [PMID: 33835239 PMCID: PMC8519929 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the clinical, genetic, and pathological characteristics of a previously unknown severe juvenile brain disorder in several litters of Parson Russel Terriers. The disease started with epileptic seizures at 6–12 weeks of age and progressed rapidly to status epilepticus and death or euthanasia. Histopathological changes at autopsy were restricted to the brain. There was severe acute neuronal degeneration and necrosis diffusely affecting the grey matter throughout the brain with extensive intraneuronal mitochondrial crowding and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ). Combined homozygosity mapping and genome sequencing revealed an in-frame 6-bp deletion in the nuclear-encoded pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 (PITRM1) encoding for a mitochondrial protease involved in mitochondrial targeting sequence processing and degradation. The 6-bp deletion results in the loss of two amino acid residues in the N-terminal part of PITRM1, potentially affecting protein folding and function. Assessment of the mitochondrial function in the affected brain tissue showed a significant deficiency in respiratory chain function. The functional consequences of the mutation were modeled in yeast and showed impaired growth in permissive conditions and an impaired respiration capacity. Loss-of-function variants in human PITRM1 result in a childhood-onset progressive amyloidotic neurological syndrome characterized by spinocerebellar ataxia with behavioral, psychiatric and cognitive abnormalities. Homozygous Pitrm1-knockout mice are embryonic lethal, while heterozygotes show a progressive, neurodegenerative phenotype characterized by impairment in motor coordination and Aβ deposits. Our study describes a novel early-onset PITRM1-related neurodegenerative canine brain disorder with mitochondrial dysfunction, Aβ accumulation, and lethal epilepsy. The findings highlight the essential role of PITRM1 in neuronal survival and strengthen the connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo K Hytönen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riika Sarviaho
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher B Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pernilla Syrjä
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Jokinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU-Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Rosati
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU-Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ileana Quintero
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meharji Arumilli
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Geoffray Monteuuis
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonas Donner
- Wisdom Health (Genoscoper Laboratories), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Neuro-SysMed, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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6
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Gomez-Fabra Gala M, Vögtle FN. Mitochondrial proteases in human diseases. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1205-1222. [PMID: 33453058 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria contain more than 1000 different proteins, including several proteolytic enzymes. These mitochondrial proteases form a complex system that performs limited and terminal proteolysis to build the mitochondrial proteome, maintain, and control its functions or degrade mitochondrial proteins and peptides. During protein biogenesis, presequence proteases cleave and degrade mitochondrial targeting signals to obtain mature functional proteins. Processing by proteases also exerts a regulatory role in modulation of mitochondrial functions and quality control enzymes degrade misfolded, aged, or superfluous proteins. Depending on their different functions and substrates, defects in mitochondrial proteases can affect the majority of the mitochondrial proteome or only a single protein. Consequently, mutations in mitochondrial proteases have been linked to several human diseases. This review gives an overview of the components and functions of the mitochondrial proteolytic machinery and highlights the pathological consequences of dysfunctional mitochondrial protein processing and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomez-Fabra Gala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friederike-Nora Vögtle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Kücükköse C, Taskin AA, Marada A, Brummer T, Dennerlein S, Vögtle FN. Functional coupling of presequence processing and degradation in human mitochondria. FEBS J 2021; 288:600-613. [PMID: 32491259 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial proteome is built and maintained mainly by import of nuclear-encoded precursor proteins. Most of these precursors use N-terminal presequences as targeting signals that are removed by mitochondrial matrix proteases. The essential mitochondrial processing protease MPP cleaves presequences after import into the organelle thereby enabling protein folding and functionality. The cleaved presequences are subsequently degraded by peptidases. While most of these processes have been discovered in yeast, characterization of the human enzymes is still scarce. As the matrix presequence peptidase PreP has been reported to play a role in Alzheimer's disease, analysis of impaired peptide turnover in human cells is of huge interest. Here, we report the characterization of HEK293T PreP knockout cells. Loss of PreP causes severe defects in oxidative phosphorylation and changes in nuclear expression of stress response marker genes. The mitochondrial defects upon lack of PreP result from the accumulation of presequence peptides that trigger feedback inhibition of MPP and accumulation of nonprocessed precursor proteins. Also, the mitochondrial intermediate peptidase MIP that cleaves eight residues from a subset of precursors after MPP processing is compromised upon loss of PreP suggesting that PreP also degrades MIP generated octapeptides. Investigation of the PrePR183Q patient mutation associated with neurological disorders revealed that the mutation destabilizes the protein making it susceptible to enhanced degradation and aggregation upon heat shock. Taken together, our data reveal a functional coupling between precursor processing by MPP and MIP and presequence degradation by PreP in human mitochondria that is crucial to maintain a functional organellar proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Kücükköse
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asli Aras Taskin
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adinarayana Marada
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Germany
- DKTK Partner Site Freiburg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Friederike-Nora Vögtle
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Kalvala AK, Khan I, Gundu C, Kumar A. An Overview on ATP Dependent and Independent Proteases Including an Anterograde to Retrograde Control on Mitochondrial Function; Focus on Diabetes and Diabetic Complications. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2584-2594. [PMID: 31317835 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190718153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the central power stations of the cell involved with a myriad of cell signalling pathways that contribute for whole health status of the cell. It is a well known fact that not only mitochondrial genome encodes for mitochondrial proteins but there are several other mitochondrial specific proteins encoded by nuclear genome which regulate plethora of cell catabolic and anabolic process. Anterograde pathways include nuclear gene encoded proteins and their specific transport into the mitochondria and regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. The retrograde pathways include crosstalk between the mitochondria and cytoplasmic proteins. Indeed, ATP dependent and independent proteases are identified to be very critical in balancing anterograde to retrograde signalling and vice versa to maintain the cell viability or cell death. Different experimental studies conducted on silencing the genes of these proteases have shown embryonic lethality, cancer cells death, increased hepatic glucose output, insulin tolerance, increased protein exclusion bodies, mitochondrial dysfunction, and defect in mitochondrial biogenesis, increased inflammation, Apoptosis etc. These experimental studies included from eubacteria to eukaryotes. Hence, many lines of theories proposed these proteases are conservative from eubacteria to eukaryotes. However, the regulation of these proteases at gene level is not clearly understood and still research is warranted. In this review, we articulated the origin and regulation of these proteases and the cross talk between the nucleus and mitochondria vice versa, and highlighted the role of these proteases in diabetes and diabetic complications in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Kalvala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, India
| | - Islauddin Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, India
| | - Chayanika Gundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, India
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9
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Jensen LT, Phyu T, Jain A, Kaewwanna C, Jensen AN. Decreased accumulation of superoxide dismutase 2 within mitochondria in the yeast model of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13867-13880. [PMID: 30938873 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human SBDS gene is the most common cause of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS). The SBDS protein participates in ribosome biogenesis; however, effects beyond reduced translation efficiency are thought to be involved in SDS progression. Impaired mitochondrial function has been reported for cells lacking either SBDS or Sdo1p, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SBDS ortholog. To better understand how the loss of SBDS/Sdo1p leads to mitochondria damage, we utilized the S. cerevisiae model of SDS. Yeast deleted for SDO1 show increased oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins and a marked decrease in protein levels and activity of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2p), a key enzyme involved in defense against oxidants. Immature forms of Sod2p are observed in sdo1∆ cells suggesting a defect in proteolysis of the presequence. Yeast deleted for CYM1, encoding a presequence protease, display a similar reduction in Sod2p activity as sdo1∆ cells, as well as elevated oxidative damage, to mitochondrial proteins. Sod2p protein levels and activity are largely restored in a por1∆ sdo1∆ strain, lacking the major mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel. Together these results indicate that mitochondrial insufficiency in sdo1∆ cells may be linked to the accumulation of immature presequence containing proteins and this effect is a consequence, at least in part, from loss of counter-regulation of Por1p by Sdo1p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laran T Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - The Phyu
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ayushi Jain
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlada Kaewwanna
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Plant mitochondrial protein import: the ins and outs. Biochem J 2018; 475:2191-2208. [PMID: 30018142 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the mitochondrial proteome, required to fulfil its diverse range of functions, is cytosolically synthesised and translocated via specialised machinery. The dedicated translocases, receptors, and associated proteins have been characterised in great detail in yeast over the last several decades, yet many of the mechanisms that regulate these processes in higher eukaryotes are still unknown. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of mitochondrial protein import in plants. Despite the fact that the mechanisms of mitochondrial protein import have remained conserved across species, many unique features have arisen in plants to encompass the developmental, tissue-specific, and stress-responsive regulation in planta. An understanding of unique features and mechanisms in plants provides us with a unique insight into the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in higher eukaryotes.
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11
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Seynnaeve D, Vecchio MD, Fruhmann G, Verelst J, Cools M, Beckers J, Mulvihill DP, Winderickx J, Franssens V. Recent Insights on Alzheimer's Disease Originating from Yeast Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1947. [PMID: 29970827 PMCID: PMC6073265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review article, yeast model-based research advances regarding the role of Amyloid-β (Aβ), Tau and frameshift Ubiquitin UBB+1 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are discussed. Despite having limitations with regard to intercellular and cognitive AD aspects, these models have clearly shown their added value as complementary models for the study of the molecular aspects of these proteins, including their interplay with AD-related cellular processes such as mitochondrial dysfunction and altered proteostasis. Moreover, these yeast models have also shown their importance in translational research, e.g., in compound screenings and for AD diagnostics development. In addition to well-established Saccharomyces cerevisiae models, new upcoming Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces lactis yeast models for Aβ and Tau are briefly described. Finally, traditional and more innovative research methodologies, e.g., for studying protein oligomerization/aggregation, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Seynnaeve
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mara Del Vecchio
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Gernot Fruhmann
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Joke Verelst
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Melody Cools
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jimmy Beckers
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Daniel P Mulvihill
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK.
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vanessa Franssens
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Lebeau J, Rainbolt TK, Wiseman RL. Coordinating Mitochondrial Biology Through the Stress-Responsive Regulation of Mitochondrial Proteases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 340:79-128. [PMID: 30072094 PMCID: PMC6402875 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are localized throughout mitochondria and function as critical regulators of all aspects of mitochondrial biology. As such, the activities of these proteases are sensitively regulated through transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms to adapt mitochondrial function to specific cellular demands. Here, we discuss the stress-responsive mechanisms responsible for regulating mitochondrial protease activity and the implications of this regulation on mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we describe how imbalances in the activity or regulation of mitochondrial proteases induced by genetic, environmental, or aging-related factors influence mitochondria in the context of disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which cells regulate mitochondrial function through alterations in protease activity provide insights into the contributions of these proteases in pathologic mitochondrial dysfunction and reveals new therapeutic opportunities to ameliorate this dysfunction in the context of diverse classes of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Lebeau
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - T Kelly Rainbolt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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13
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Backes S, Hess S, Boos F, Woellhaf MW, Gödel S, Jung M, Mühlhaus T, Herrmann JM. Tom70 enhances mitochondrial preprotein import efficiency by binding to internal targeting sequences. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1369-1382. [PMID: 29382700 PMCID: PMC5881500 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-terminal matrix-targeting signals (MTSs) are critical for mitochondrial protein import. Backes et al. identified additional internal MTS-like sequences scattered along the sequences of mitochondrial proteins. By binding to Tom70 on the mitochondrial surface, these sequences support the import process. The biogenesis of mitochondria depends on the import of hundreds of preproteins. N-terminal matrix-targeting signals (MTSs) direct preproteins to the surface receptors Tom20, Tom22, and Tom70. In this study, we show that many preproteins contain additional internal MTS-like signals (iMTS-Ls) in their mature region that share the characteristic properties of presequences. These features allow the in silico prediction of iMTS-Ls. Using Atp1 as model substrate, we show that iMTS-Ls mediate the binding to Tom70 and have the potential to target the protein to mitochondria if they are presented at its N terminus. The import of preproteins with high iMTS-L content is significantly impaired in the absence of Tom70, whereas preproteins with low iMTS-L scores are less dependent on Tom70. We propose a stepping stone model according to which the Tom70-mediated interaction with internal binding sites improves the import competence of preproteins and increases the efficiency of their translocation into the mitochondrial matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Backes
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Steffen Hess
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Felix Boos
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Sabrina Gödel
- Computational Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Medical Biochemistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Computational Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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14
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Abstract
The mitochondrial proteome comprises ~1000 (yeast)-1500 (human) different proteins, which are distributed into four different subcompartments. The sublocalization of these proteins within the organelle in most cases remains poorly defined. Here we describe an integrated approach combining stable isotope labeling, various protein enrichment and extraction strategies and quantitative mass spectrometry to produce a quantitative map of submitochondrial protein distribution in S. cerevisiae. This quantitative landscape enables a proteome-wide classification of 986 proteins into soluble, peripheral, and integral mitochondrial membrane proteins, and the assignment of 818 proteins into the four subcompartments: outer membrane, inner membrane, intermembrane space, or matrix. We also identified 206 proteins that were not previously annotated as localized to mitochondria. Furthermore, the protease Prd1, misannotated as intermembrane space protein, could be re-assigned and characterized as a presequence peptide degrading enzyme in the matrix.Protein localization plays an important role in the regulation of cellular physiology. Here the authors use an integrated proteomics approach to localize proteins to the mitochondria and provide a detailed map of their specific localization within the organelle.
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15
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Glynn SE. Multifunctional Mitochondrial AAA Proteases. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:34. [PMID: 28589125 PMCID: PMC5438985 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria perform numerous functions necessary for the survival of eukaryotic cells. These activities are coordinated by a diverse complement of proteins encoded in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes that must be properly organized and maintained. Misregulation of mitochondrial proteostasis impairs organellar function and can result in the development of severe human diseases. ATP-driven AAA+ proteins play crucial roles in preserving mitochondrial activity by removing and remodeling protein molecules in accordance with the needs of the cell. Two mitochondrial AAA proteases, i-AAA and m-AAA, are anchored to either face of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where they engage and process an array of substrates to impact protein biogenesis, quality control, and the regulation of key metabolic pathways. The functionality of these proteases is extended through multiple substrate-dependent modes of action, including complete degradation, partial processing, or dislocation from the membrane without proteolysis. This review discusses recent advances made toward elucidating the mechanisms of substrate recognition, handling, and degradation that allow these versatile proteases to control diverse activities in this multifunctional organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Glynn
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook UniversityStony Brook, NY, United States
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16
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Taskin AA, Kücükköse C, Burger N, Mossmann D, Meisinger C, Vögtle FN. The novel mitochondrial matrix protease Ste23 is required for efficient presequence degradation and processing. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:997-1002. [PMID: 28228553 PMCID: PMC5391191 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-10-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 70% of mitochondrial precursor proteins are imported from the cytosol via N-terminal presequences, which are cleaved upon exposure to the mitochondrial processing protease MPP in the matrix. Cleaved presequence peptides then need to be efficiently degraded, and impairment of this clearance step, for example, by amyloid β peptides, causes feedback inhibition of MPP, leading ultimately to accumulation of immature precursor proteins within mitochondria. Degradation of mitochondrial peptides is performed by Cym1 in yeast and its homologue, PreP, in humans. Here we identify the novel mitochondrial matrix protease Ste23 in yeast, a homologue of human insulin-degrading enzyme, which is required for efficient peptide degradation. Ste23 and Cym1 tightly cooperate to ensure the correct functioning of the essential presequence processing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Aras Taskin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cansu Kücükköse
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Burger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Mossmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chris Meisinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F-Nora Vögtle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Brunetti D, Torsvik J, Dallabona C, Teixeira P, Sztromwasser P, Fernandez-Vizarra E, Cerutti R, Reyes A, Preziuso C, D'Amati G, Baruffini E, Goffrini P, Viscomi C, Ferrero I, Boman H, Telstad W, Johansson S, Glaser E, Knappskog PM, Zeviani M, Bindoff LA. Defective PITRM1 mitochondrial peptidase is associated with Aβ amyloidotic neurodegeneration. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:176-90. [PMID: 26697887 PMCID: PMC4772954 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and altered proteostasis are central features of neurodegenerative diseases. The pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 (PITRM1) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme, which digests oligopeptides, including the mitochondrial targeting sequences that are cleaved from proteins imported across the inner mitochondrial membrane and the mitochondrial fraction of amyloid beta (Aβ). We identified two siblings carrying a homozygous PITRM1 missense mutation (c.548G>A, p.Arg183Gln) associated with an autosomal recessive, slowly progressive syndrome characterised by mental retardation, spinocerebellar ataxia, cognitive decline and psychosis. The pathogenicity of the mutation was tested in vitro, in mutant fibroblasts and skeletal muscle, and in a yeast model. A Pitrm1+/− heterozygous mouse showed progressive ataxia associated with brain degenerative lesions, including accumulation of Aβ‐positive amyloid deposits. Our results show that PITRM1 is responsible for significant Aβ degradation and that impairment of its activity results in Aβ accumulation, thus providing a mechanistic demonstration of the mitochondrial involvement in amyloidotic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Brunetti
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janniche Torsvik
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Pedro Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pawel Sztromwasser
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Aurelio Reyes
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmela Preziuso
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Goffrini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ileana Ferrero
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Helge Boman
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elzbieta Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per M Knappskog
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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18
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The versatility of the mitochondrial presequence processing machinery: cleavage, quality control and turnover. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 367:73-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Burkhart JM, Taskin AA, Zahedi RP, Vögtle FN. Quantitative Profiling for Substrates of the Mitochondrial Presequence Processing Protease Reveals a Set of Nonsubstrate Proteins Increased upon Proteotoxic Stress. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4550-63. [PMID: 26446170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The majority of mitochondrial preproteins are targeted via N-terminal presequences that are cleaved upon import into the organelle. The essential mitochondrial processing protease (MPP) is assumed to cleave the majority of incoming precursors; however, only a small fraction of mitochondrial precursors have been experimentally analyzed limiting the information on MPP recognition and substrate specificity. Here we present the first systematic approach for identification of authentic MPP substrate proteins using a temperature-sensitive mutant of the MPP subunit Mas1. Inactivation of MPP at nonpermissive temperature leads to accumulation of immature precursors in mitochondria, which were measured by quantitative N-terminal ChaFRADIC. This led to the identification of 66 novel MPP substrates. Deduction of the cleaved presequences determines arginine in position -2 of the cleavage site as a main factor for MPP recognition. Interestingly, a set of nonprocessed proteins was also increased in mas1 mutant mitochondria. Additionally, mas1 mitochondria respond to temperature elevation with an increase in membrane potential and oxygen consumption. These changes might indicate that mas1 cells exert a response to balance the proteotoxic stress induced by MPP dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Burkhart
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Asli A Taskin
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Universität Freiburg , Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg , Albertstrasse 19A, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - René P Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - F-Nora Vögtle
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Mani J, Meisinger C, Schneider A. Peeping at TOMs-Diverse Entry Gates to Mitochondria Provide Insights into the Evolution of Eukaryotes. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 33:337-51. [PMID: 26474847 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for eukaryotic life and more than 95% of their proteins are imported as precursors from the cytosol. The targeting signals for this posttranslational import are conserved in all eukaryotes. However, this conservation does not hold true for the protein translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane that serves as entry gate for essentially all precursor proteins. Only two of its subunits, Tom40 and Tom22, are conserved and thus likely were present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Tom7 is found in representatives of all supergroups except the Excavates. This suggests that it was added to the core of the translocase after the Excavates segregated from all other eukaryotes. A comparative analysis of the biochemically and functionally characterized outer membrane translocases of yeast, plants, and trypanosomes, which represent three eukaryotic supergroups, shows that the receptors that recognize the conserved import signals differ strongly between the different systems. They present a remarkable example of convergent evolution at the molecular level. The structural diversity of the functionally conserved import receptors therefore provides insight into the early evolutionary history of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chris Meisinger
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Abstract
Recent advances in mitochondrial biology have revealed the high diversity and complexity of proteolytic enzymes that regulate mitochondrial function. We have classified mitochondrial proteases, or mitoproteases, on the basis of their function and location, and defined the human mitochondrial degradome as the complete set of mitoproteases that are encoded by the human genome. In addition to their nonspecific degradative functions, mitoproteases perform highly regulated proteolytic reactions that are important in mitochondrial function, integrity and homeostasis. These include protein synthesis, quality control, mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, mitophagy and apoptosis. Impaired or dysregulated function of mitoproteases is associated with ageing and with many pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes and cancer. A better understanding of the mitochondrial proteolytic landscape and its modulation may contribute to improving human lifespan and 'healthspan'.
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22
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Schulz C, Schendzielorz A, Rehling P. Unlocking the presequence import pathway. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:265-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Bohovych I, Chan SS, Khalimonchuk O. Mitochondrial protein quality control: the mechanisms guarding mitochondrial health. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:977-94. [PMID: 25546710 PMCID: PMC4390190 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria are complex dynamic organelles pivotal for cellular physiology and human health. Failure to maintain mitochondrial health leads to numerous maladies that include late-onset neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, a decline in mitochondrial health is prevalent with aging. A set of evolutionary conserved mechanisms known as mitochondrial quality control (MQC) is involved in recognition and correction of the mitochondrial proteome. RECENT ADVANCES Here, we review current knowledge and latest developments in MQC. We particularly focus on the proteolytic aspect of MQC and its impact on health and aging. CRITICAL ISSUES While our knowledge about MQC is steadily growing, critical gaps remain in the mechanistic understanding of how MQC modules sense damage and preserve mitochondrial welfare, particularly in higher organisms. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Delineating how coordinated action of the MQC modules orchestrates physiological responses on both organellar and cellular levels will further elucidate the current picture of MQC's role and function in health, cellular stress, and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Bohovych
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Sherine S.L. Chan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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24
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Mossmann D, Vögtle FN, Taskin AA, Teixeira PF, Ring J, Burkhart JM, Burger N, Pinho CM, Tadic J, Loreth D, Graff C, Metzger F, Sickmann A, Kretz O, Wiedemann N, Zahedi RP, Madeo F, Glaser E, Meisinger C. Amyloid-β peptide induces mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibition of preprotein maturation. Cell Metab 2014; 20:662-9. [PMID: 25176146 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Most mitochondrial proteins possess N-terminal presequences that are required for targeting and import into the organelle. Upon import, presequences are cleaved off by matrix processing peptidases and subsequently degraded by the peptidasome Cym1/PreP, which also degrades Amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ). Here we find that impaired turnover of presequence peptides results in feedback inhibition of presequence processing enzymes. Moreover, Aβ inhibits degradation of presequence peptides by PreP, resulting in accumulation of mitochondrial preproteins and processing intermediates. Dysfunctional preprotein maturation leads to rapid protein degradation and an imbalanced organellar proteome. Our findings reveal a general mechanism by which Aβ peptide can induce the multiple diverse mitochondrial dysfunctions accompanying Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Mossmann
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Trinationales Graduiertenkolleg 1478, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F-Nora Vögtle
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asli Aras Taskin
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pedro Filipe Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Ring
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia M Burkhart
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nils Burger
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catarina Moreira Pinho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jelena Tadic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Desiree Loreth
- Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Neurocenter, Department of Neurology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Friedrich Metzger
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., pRED Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA Neuroscience, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany; Medinzinisches Proteom Center, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Wiedemann
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - René P Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elzbieta Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chris Meisinger
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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25
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King JV, Liang WG, Scherpelz KP, Schilling AB, Meredith SC, Tang WJ. Molecular basis of substrate recognition and degradation by human presequence protease. Structure 2014; 22:996-1007. [PMID: 24931469 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human presequence protease (hPreP) is an M16 metalloprotease localized in mitochondria. There, hPreP facilitates proteostasis by utilizing an ∼13,300-Å(3) catalytic chamber to degrade a diverse array of potentially toxic peptides, including mitochondrial presequences and β-amyloid (Aβ), the latter of which contributes to Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Here, we report crystal structures for hPreP alone and in complex with Aβ, which show that hPreP uses size exclusion and charge complementation for substrate recognition. These structures also reveal hPreP-specific features that permit a diverse array of peptides, with distinct distributions of charged and hydrophobic residues, to be specifically captured, cleaved, and have their amyloidogenic features destroyed. SAXS analysis demonstrates that hPreP in solution exists in dynamic equilibrium between closed and open states, with the former being preferred. Furthermore, Aβ binding induces the closed state and hPreP dimerization. Together, these data reveal the molecular basis for flexible yet specific substrate recognition and degradation by hPreP.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V King
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wenguang G Liang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kathryn P Scherpelz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander B Schilling
- Mass Spectrometry, Metabolomics, and Proteomics Facility, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Stephen C Meredith
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wei-Jen Tang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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26
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Ieva R, Heißwolf AK, Gebert M, Vögtle FN, Wollweber F, Mehnert CS, Oeljeklaus S, Warscheid B, Meisinger C, van der Laan M, Pfanner N. Mitochondrial inner membrane protease promotes assembly of presequence translocase by removing a carboxy-terminal targeting sequence. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2853. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Murcha MW, Wang Y, Narsai R, Whelan J. The plant mitochondrial protein import apparatus - the differences make it interesting. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1233-45. [PMID: 24080405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play essential roles in the life and death of almost all eukaryotic cells, ranging from single-celled to multi-cellular organisms that display tissue and developmental differentiation. As mitochondria only arose once in evolution, much can be learned from studying single celled model systems such as yeast and applying this knowledge to other organisms. However, two billion years of evolution have also resulted in substantial divergence in mitochondrial function between eukaryotic organisms. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we review our current understanding of the mechanisms of mitochondrial protein import between plants and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and identify a high level of conservation for the essential subunits of plant mitochondrial import apparatus. Furthermore, we investigate examples whereby divergence and acquisition of functions have arisen and highlight the emerging examples of interactions between the import apparatus and components of the respiratory chain. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS After more than three decades of research into the components and mechanisms of mitochondrial protein import of plants and yeast, the differences between these systems are examined. Specifically, expansions of the small gene families that encode the mitochondrial protein import apparatus in plants are detailed, and their essential role in seed viability is revealed. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings point to the essential role of the inner mitochondrial protein translocases in Arabidopsis, establishing their necessity for seed viability and the crucial role of mitochondrial biogenesis during germination. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Frontiers of Mitochondrial Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika W Murcha
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Bayliss Building M316, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Yan Wang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Bayliss Building M316, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Reena Narsai
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Bayliss Building M316, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Computational Systems Biology, Bayliss Building M316, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Bayliss Building M316, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Botany, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia
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Organellar oligopeptidase (OOP) provides a complementary pathway for targeting peptide degradation in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E3761-9. [PMID: 24043784 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1307637110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain distinct proteolytic systems for precursor protein processing catalyzed by the mitochondrial and stromal processing peptidases and for the degradation of targeting peptides catalyzed by presequence protease. Here, we have identified and characterized a component of the organellar proteolytic systems in Arabidopsis thaliana, the organellar oligopeptidase, OOP (At5g65620). OOP belongs to the M3A family of peptide-degrading metalloproteases. Using two independent in vivo methods, we show that the protease is dually localized to mitochondria and chloroplasts. Furthermore, we localized the OPP homolog At5g10540 to the cytosol. Analysis of peptide degradation by OOP revealed substrate size restriction from 8 to 23 aa residues. Short mitochondrial targeting peptides (presequence of the ribosomal protein L29 and presequence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase 1) and N- and C-terminal fragments derived from the presequence of the ATPase beta subunit ranging in size from 11 to 20 aa could be degraded. MS analysis showed that OOP does not exhibit a strict cleavage pattern but shows a weak preference for hydrophobic residues (F/L) at the P1 position. The crystal structures of OOP, at 1.8-1.9 Å, exhibit an ellipsoidal shape consisting of two major domains enclosing the catalytic cavity of 3,000 Å(3). The structural and biochemical data suggest that the protein undergoes conformational changes to allow peptide binding and proteolysis. Our results demonstrate the complementary role of OOP in targeting-peptide degradation in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
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Franck WL, Gokce E, Oh Y, Muddiman DC, Dean RA. Temporal analysis of the magnaporthe oryzae proteome during conidial germination and cyclic AMP (cAMP)-mediated appressorium formation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2249-65. [PMID: 23665591 PMCID: PMC3734583 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.025874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most serious threats to global rice production. During the earliest stages of rice infection, M. oryzae conidia germinate on the leaf surface and form a specialized infection structure termed the appressorium. The development of the appressorium represents the first critical stage of infectious development. A total of 3200 unique proteins were identified by nanoLC-MS/MS in a temporal study of conidial germination and cAMP-induced appressorium formation in M. oryzae. Using spectral counting based label free quantification, observed changes in relative protein abundance during the developmental process revealed changes in the cell wall biosynthetic machinery, transport functions, and production of extracellular proteins in developing appressoria. One hundred and sixty-six up-regulated and 208 down-regulated proteins were identified in response to cAMP treatment. Proteomic analysis of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A mutant that is compromised in the ability to form appressoria identified proteins whose developmental regulation is dependent on cAMP signaling. Selected reaction monitoring was used for absolute quantification of four regulated proteins to validate the global proteomics data and confirmed the germination or appressorium specific regulation of these proteins. Finally, a comparison of the proteome and transcriptome was performed and revealed little correlation between transcript and protein regulation. A subset of regulated proteins were identified whose transcripts show similar regulation patterns and include many of the most strongly regulated proteins indicating a central role in appressorium formation. A temporal quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed a strong correlation between transcript and protein abundance for some but not all genes. Collectively, the data presented here provide the first comprehensive view of the M. oryzae proteome during early infection-related development and highlight biological processes important for pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emine Gokce
- §W.M. Keck Fourier Transform-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606
| | - Yeonyee Oh
- From the ‡Center for Integrated Fungal Research
| | - David C. Muddiman
- §W.M. Keck Fourier Transform-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606
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Lionaki E, Tavernarakis N. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial protein quality control in aging. J Proteomics 2013; 92:181-94. [PMID: 23563202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein quality control incorporates an elaborate network of chaperones and proteases that survey the organelle for misfolded or unfolded proteins and toxic aggregates. Repair of misfolded or aggregated protein and proteolytic removal of irreversibly damaged proteins are carried out by the mitochondrial protein quality control system. Initial maturation and folding of the nuclear or mitochondrial-encoded mitochondrial proteins are mediated by processing peptidases and chaperones that interact with the protein translocation machinery. Mitochondrial proteins are subjected to cumulative oxidative damage. Thus, impairment of quality control processes may cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Aging has been associated with a marked decline in the effectiveness of mitochondrial protein quality control. Here, we present an overview of the chaperones and proteases involved in the initial folding and maturation of new, incoming precursor molecules, and the subsequent repair and removal of oxidized aggregated proteins. In addition, we highlight the link between mitochondrial protein quality control mechanisms and the aging process. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
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31
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Varabyova A, Stojanovski D, Chacinska A. Mitochondrial protein homeostasis. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:191-201. [PMID: 23341326 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria use 800-1,500 proteins to perform their biological functions in the eukaryotic cells. Distinct transport and sorting mechanisms are responsible for the delivery of proteins to the correct location within mitochondria. Mitochondrial proteins undergo processing events and form functional assemblies. Finally, non-functional proteins are cleared to maintain healthy mitochondria. We provide an overview of the processes collectively contributing to the maintenance of mitochondrial protein homeostasis, which is critical for cell physiology and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksana Varabyova
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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Teixeira PF, Pinho CM, Branca RM, Lehtiö J, Levine RL, Glaser E. In vitro oxidative inactivation of human presequence protease (hPreP). Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2188-95. [PMID: 23041349 PMCID: PMC3589710 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial peptidasome called presequence protease (PreP) is responsible for the degradation of presequences and other unstructured peptides including the amyloid-β peptide, whose accumulation may have deleterious effects on mitochondrial function. Recent studies showed that PreP activity is reduced in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and AD mouse models compared to controls, which correlated with an enhanced reactive oxygen species production in mitochondria. In this study, we have investigated the effects of a biologically relevant oxidant, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), on the activity of recombinant human PreP (hPreP). H(2)O(2) inhibited hPreP activity in a concentration-dependent manner, resulting in oxidation of amino acid residues (detected by carbonylation) and lowered protein stability. Substitution of the evolutionarily conserved methionine 206 for leucine resulted in increased sensitivity of hPreP to oxidation, indicating a possible protective role of M206 as internal antioxidant. The activity of hPreP oxidized at low concentrations of H(2)O(2) could be restored by methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), an enzyme that localizes to the mitochondrial matrix, suggesting that hPreP constitutes a substrate for MsrA. In summary, our in vitro results suggest a possible redox control of hPreP in the mitochondrial matrix and support the protective role of the conserved methionine 206 residue as an internal antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Filipe Teixeira
- Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
A novel mitochondrial and chloroplast peptidasome, the Presequence Protease (PreP) degrades organellar targeting peptides as well as other unstructured peptides up to 65 amino acid residues in length. PreP belongs to the pitrilysin oligopeptidase family (M16C) containing an inverted zinc-binding motif. The crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana PreP, AtPreP, refined at 2.1 Å, revealed a novel mechanism of proteolysis in which two halves of the enzyme connected by a hinge region enclose a large catalytic chamber opening and closing in response to peptide binding. Double knock-out mutant of AtPreP1 and AtPreP2 results in a severe phenotype, including decreased size and growth rate, chlorosis and organellar abnormalities, such as altered chloroplast starch content, partial loss of the integrity of the inner mitochondrial membrane and reduced mitochondrial respiration. PreP homologues are also present in yeast and humans. Interestingly, human PreP has been associated with Alzheimer's disease as it is responsible for degradation of amyloid-β peptide in brain mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kmiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Teixeira PF, Glaser E. Processing peptidases in mitochondria and chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:360-70. [PMID: 22495024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most of the mitochondrial and chloroplastic proteins are nuclear encoded and synthesized in the cytosol as precursor proteins with N-terminal extensions called targeting peptides. Targeting peptides function as organellar import signals, they are recognized by the import receptors and route precursors through the protein translocons across the organellar membranes. After the fulfilled function, targeting peptides are proteolytically cleaved off inside the organelles by different processing peptidases. The processing of mitochondrial precursors is catalyzed in the matrix by the Mitochondrial Processing Peptidase, MPP, the Mitochondrial Intermediate Peptidase, MIP (recently called Octapeptidyl aminopeptidase 1, Oct1) and the Intermediate cleaving peptidase of 55kDa, Icp55. Furthermore, different inner membrane peptidases (Inner Membrane Proteases, IMPs, Atp23, rhomboids and AAA proteases) catalyze additional processing functions, resulting in intra-mitochondrial sorting of proteins, the targeting to the intermembrane space or in the assembly of proteins into inner membrane complexes. Chloroplast targeting peptides are cleaved off in the stroma by the Stromal Processing Peptidase, SPP. If the protein is further translocated to the thylakoid lumen, an additional thylakoid-transfer sequence is removed by the Thylakoidal Processing Peptidase, TPP. Proper function of the D1 protein of Photosystem II reaction center requires its C-terminal processing by Carboxy-terminal processing protease, CtpA. Both in mitochondria and in chloroplasts, the cleaved targeting peptides are finally degraded by the Presequence Protease, PreP. The organellar proteases involved in precursor processing and targeting peptide degradation constitute themselves a quality control system ensuring the correct maturation and localization of proteins as well as assembly of protein complexes, contributing to sustenance of organelle functions. Dysfunctions of several mitochondrial processing proteases have been shown to be associated with human diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Import and Quality Control in Mitochondria and Plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Filipe Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Mossmann D, Meisinger C, Vögtle FN. Processing of mitochondrial presequences. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2011; 1819:1098-106. [PMID: 22172993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins on either cytosolic or mitochondrial ribosomes. The synthesized precursors from both translation origins possess targeting signals that guide the protein to its final destination in one of the four subcompartments of the organelle. The majority of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial precursors and also mitochondrial-encoded preproteins have an N-terminal presequence that serves as a targeting sequence. Specific presequence peptidases that are found in the matrix, inner membrane and intermembrane space of mitochondria proteolytically remove the signal sequence upon import or sorting. Besides the classical presequence peptidases MPP, IMP and Oct1, several novel proteases have recently been described to possess precursor processing activity, and analysis of their functional relevance revealed a tight connection between precursor processing, mitochondrial dynamics and protein quality control. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Gene Expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Mossmann
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellforschung, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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