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Xu W, Zhang X, Ni D, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. A review of fructosyl-transferases from catalytic characteristics and structural features to reaction mechanisms and product specificity. Food Chem 2024; 440:138250. [PMID: 38154282 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes are accountable for the synthesis and degradation of glycosidic bonds among diverse carbohydrates. Fructosyl-transferases represent a subclass of these enzymes, employing sucrose as a substrate to generate fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and fructan polymers. This category primarily includes levansucrase (LS, EC 2.4.1.10), inulosucrase (IS, EC 2.4.1.9), and β-fructofuranosidase (Ffase, EC 3.2.1.26). These three enzymes possess a similar five-bladed β-propeller fold and employ an anomer-retaining reaction mechanism mediated by nucleophiles, transition state stabilizers, and general acids/bases. However, they exhibit distinct product profiles, characterized by variations in linkage specificity and molecular mass distribution. Consequently, this article comprehensively explores recent advancements in the catalytic characteristics, structural features, reaction mechanisms, and product specificity of levansucrase, inulosucrase, and β-fructofuranosidase (abbreviated as LS, IS, and Ffase, respectively). Furthermore, it discusses the potential for modifying catalytic properties and product specificity through structure-based design, which enables the rational production of custom fructan and FOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Kido Y, Saburi W, Nagura T, Mori H. Hydrolysis-transglycosylation of sucrose and production of β-(2→1)-fructan by inulosucrase from Neobacillus drentensis 57N. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1169-1182. [PMID: 37491698 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Inulin, β-(2→1)-fructan, is a beneficial polysaccharide used as a functional food ingredient. Microbial inulosucrases (ISs), catalyzing β-(2→1)-transfructosylation, produce β-(2→1)-fructan from sucrose. In this study, we identified a new IS (NdIS) from the soil isolate, Neobacillus drentensis 57N. Sequence analysis revealed that, like other Bacillaceae ISs, NdIS consists of a glycoside hydrolase family 68 domain and shares most of the 1-kestose-binding residues of the archaeal IS, InuHj. Native and recombinant NdIS were characterized. NdIS is a homotetramer. It does not require calcium for activity. High performance liquid chromatography and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that NdIS catalyzed the hydrolysis and β-(2→1)-transfructosylation of sucrose to synthesize β-(2→1)-fructan with chain lengths of 42 or more residues. The rate dependence on sucrose concentration followed hydrolysis-transglycosylation kinetics, and a 50% transglycosylation ratio was obtained at 344 m m sucrose. These results suggest that transfructosylation from sucrose to β-(2→1)-fructan occurs predominantly to elongate the fructan chain because sucrose is an unfavorable acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kido
- Research Center, Nippon Beet Sugar Mfg. Co., Ltd., Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Wataru Saburi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Taizo Nagura
- Research Center, Nippon Beet Sugar Mfg. Co., Ltd., Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Li D, Miyasaka Y, Kubota A, Kozono T, Kitano Y, Sasaki N, Fujii T, Tochio T, Kadota Y, Nishikawa A, Tonozuka T. Characterization and alteration of product specificity of Beijerinckia indica subsp. indica β-fructosyltransferase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:981-990. [PMID: 37280168 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The trisaccharide 1-kestose, a major constituent of fructooligosaccharide, has strong prebiotic effects. We used high-performance liquid chromatography and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to show that BiBftA, a β-fructosyltransferase belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 68, from Beijerinckia indica subsp. indica catalyzes transfructosylation of sucrose to produce mostly 1-kestose and levan polysaccharides. We substituted His395 and Phe473 in BiBftA with Arg and Tyr, respectively, and analyzed the reactions of the mutant enzymes with 180 g/L sucrose. The ratio of the molar concentrations of glucose and 1-kestose in the reaction mixture with wild-type BiBftA was 100:8.1, whereas that in the reaction mixture with the variant H395R/F473Y was 100:45.5, indicating that H395R/F473Y predominantly accumulated 1-kestose from sucrose. The X-ray crystal structure of H395R/F473Y suggests that its catalytic pocket is unfavorable for binding of sucrose while favorable for transfructosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyasaka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Kubota
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Kozono
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Sasaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takumi Tochio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kadota
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Chita, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tonozuka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang S, Ni D, Xu W, Zhang W, Mu W. Characterization of a processive inulosucrase from Lactobacillus mulieris for efficient biosynthesis of high-molecular-weight inulin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 164:110186. [PMID: 36529060 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inulin has been determined to have many exceptional properties and functions and has been used in the food and pharmaceutical fields. Recently, microbial high-molecular-weight inulin synthesized from sucrose by inulosucrase attracted much attention. In this study, a novel inulosucrase from Lactobacillus mulieris was constructed, overexpressed, purified, and identified. The recombinant enzyme displayed the maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 55 °C, and it exhibited high thermostability below 45 °C. After optimizing the production conditions, the conversion rate from 100 g/L sucrose to inulin reached 31 %, meanwhile, the maximum molecular weight of produced inulin reached 3.21 × 106 g/mol. The truncated IS showed a "processive" transfructosylation process, only synthesizing a small number of short-chain oligosaccharides with polymerization degrees below 6, which was in favor of the accumulation of high-molecular-weight inulin. Given this, L. mulieris inulosucrase might be a good potential candidate for the industrial production of high-molecular-weight inulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Chu J, Tian Y, Li Q, Liu G, Yu Q, Jiang T, He B. Engineering the β-Fructofuranosidase Fru6 with Promoted Transfructosylating Capacity for Fructooligosaccharide Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9694-9702. [PMID: 35900332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Levan-type fructooligosaccharides (FOS) exhibit enhanced health-promoting prebiotic effects on gut microbiota. The wild type (WT) of β-fructofuranosidase Fru6 could mainly yield 6-ketose. Semirational design and mutagenesis of Fru6 were exploited to promote the transfructosylating capacity for FOS. The promising variants not only improved the formation of 6-kestose but also newly produced tetrasaccharides of 6,6-nystose and 1,6-nystose (a new type of FOS), and combinatorial mutation boosted the production of 6-kestose and tetrasaccharides (39.9 g/L 6,6-nystose and 4.6 g/L 1,6-nystose). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation confirmed that the mutated positions reshaped the pocket of Fru6 to accommodate bulky 6-kestose in a reactive conformation with better accessibility for tetrasaccharides formation. Using favored conditions, the variant S165A/H357A could yield 6-kestose up to 335 g/L, and tetrasaccharides (6,6-nystose and 1,6-nystose) reached a high level of 121.1 g/L (134.5 times of the mutant S423A). The β-(2,6)-linked FOS may show the potential application for the prebiotic ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing211800, China
| | - Yani Tian
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing211800, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing211800, China
| | - Gaofei Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing211800, China
| | - Qi Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing211800, China
| | - Tianyue Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing211800, China
| | - Bingfang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing211800, China
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Polsinelli I, Salomone-Stagni M, Benini S. Erwinia tasmaniensis levansucrase shows enantiomer selection for ( S)-1,2,4-butanetriol. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2022; 78:289-296. [PMID: 35924596 PMCID: PMC9350837 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x2200680x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Levansucrases are useful tools in biotechnology for the synthesis of fructosyl glycosides. The structure of Erwinia tasmaniensis levansucrase in complex with (S)-1,2,4-butanetriol suggests a possible influence of polyols with defined stereocentres in the modulation of fructosylation. Levansucrases are biotechnologically interesting fructosyltransferases due to their potential use in the enzymatic or chemo-enzymatic synthesis of glycosides of non-natural substrates relevant to pharmaceutical applications. The structure of Erwinia tasmaniensis levansucrase in complex with (S)-1,2,4-butanetriol and its biochemical characterization suggests the possible application of short aliphatic moieties containing polyols with defined stereocentres in fructosylation biotechnology. The structural information revealed that (S)-1,2,4-butanetriol mimics the natural substrate. The preference of the protein towards a specific 1,2,4-butanetriol enantiomer was assessed using microscale thermophoresis binding assays. Furthermore, the results obtained and the structural comparison of levansucrases and inulosucrases suggest that the fructose binding modes could differ in fructosyltransferases from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Ni D, Zhang S, Huang Z, Xu W, Zhang W, Mu W. Directionally modulating the product chain length of an inulosucrase by semi-rational engineering for efficient production of 1-kestose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 160:110085. [PMID: 35752090 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbial inulosucrase as a transfructosylation tool has been used to produce inulin and inulin-type fructooligosaccharides with various polymerization degrees. Tailor-made oligosaccharides could be generated by inulosucrase via chain length modulation. In this study, a semi-rational design based on the modeled structure of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase was carried out to screen and construct variants. The residues Arg541 and Arg544 were determined to be significant to the product chain elongation of L. reuteri 121 inulosucrase. The variant R544W altered the product specificity of inulosucrase and produced short-chain fructooligosaccharides with 1-kestose as the main component. Molecular dynamic simulations verified an increased binding free energy of variant R544W with 1-kestose than the wild-type enzyme with 1-kestose. After optimization, 1-kestose and total short-chain fructooligosaccharides production reached approximately 206 g/L and 307 g/L, respectively. This study suggests the great potential of variant R544W in the biotransformation from sucrose to functional sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Xu W, Ni D, Hou X, Pijning T, Guskov A, Rao Y, Mu W. Crystal Structure of Levansucrase from the Gram-Negative Bacterium Brenneria Provides Insights into Its Product Size Specificity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5095-5105. [PMID: 35388691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial levansucrases (LSs, EC 2.4.1.10) have been widely studied for the synthesis of β-(2,6)-fructans (levan) from sucrose. LSs synthesize levan-type fructo-oligosaccharides, high-molecular-mass levan polymer or combinations of both. Here, we report crystal structures of LS from the G--bacterium Brenneria sp. EniD 312 (Brs-LS) in its apo form, as well as of two mutants (A154S, H327A) targeting positions known to affect LS reaction specificity. In addition, we report a structure of Brs-LS complexed with sucrose, the first crystal structure of a G--LS with a bound substrate. The overall structure of Brs-LS is similar to that of G-- and G+-LSs, with the nucleophile (D68), transition stabilizer (D225), and a general acid/base (E309) in its active site. The H327A mutant lacks an essential interaction with glucosyl moieties of bound substrates in subsite +1, explaining the observed smaller products synthesized by this mutant. The A154S mutation affects the hydrogen-bond network around the transition stabilizing residue (D225) and the nucleophile (D68), and may affect the affinity of the enzyme for sucrose such that it becomes less effective in transfructosylation. Taken together, this study provides novel insights into the roles of structural elements and residues in the product specificity of LSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Biomolecular X-ray Crystallography, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Guskov
- Biomolecular X-ray Crystallography, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
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Structure–Function Relationship Studies of Multidomain Levansucrases from Leuconostocaceae Family. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050889. [PMID: 35630334 PMCID: PMC9142893 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Levansucrase LevS from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F is a multidomain fructansucrase (MD-FN) that contains additional domains (ADs) to the catalytic domain. However, the understanding of the effect that these ADs have on enzyme activity remains vague. To this aim, structure-function relationship studies of these LevS ADs were performed by evaluating both biochemical properties and the enzymatic capacity of truncated versions of LevS. Joint participation of the N- and C-terminal domains is essential for stability, activity, specificity, and polymerization processes. Specifically, the N-terminal region is involved in stability, while the transition region plays an essential role in the transfructosylation reaction and polymer elongation. Based on our results, we suggest that ADs interact with each other, adopting a U-shaped topology. The importance of these ADs observed in the MD-FN of the Leuconostocaceae family is not shared by the Lactobacillaceae family. Phylogenetic analysis of LevS AD suggests that MD-FN from Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae have different evolutionary origins. This is the first study on the structure-function relationship of multidomain levansucrases from the Leuconostocaceae family. Our results point towards the functional role of AD in MD-FN and its involvement in fructan synthesis.
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Characterization of a novel fructosyltransferase InuCA from Lactobacillus crispatus that attaches to the cell surface by electrostatic interaction. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0239921. [PMID: 34910558 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02399-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructosyltransferases (FTases), a group of carbohydrate-active enzymes, synthesize fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and fructans, which are promising prebiotics for human health. Here we originally identified a novel FTase InuCA from L. crispatus, a dominant species in the vaginal microbiotas of human. InuCA was characterized by a shortest C-terminus and the highest isoelectric point among the reported Lactobacillus FTases. InuCA was an inulosucrase and produced a serial of FOS using sucrose as substrate at a moderate temperature. Surprisingly, the C-terminal deletion mutant synthesized oligosaccharides with fructosyl chain longer than that of the wild type, suggesting that the C-terminal part blocked the binding of long-chain receptor. Moreover, InuCA bound to the cell surface by electrostatic interaction, which was dependent on the environmental pH and represented a distinctive binding mode in FTases. The catalytic and structural properties of InuCA will be contributed to the FTases engineering and the knowledge of the adaptation of L. crispatus in the vaginal environment. Importance L. crispatus is one of the most important species in human vaginal microbiotas and its persistence is strongly negatively correlated with the vaginal diseases. Our research reveals that a novel inulosucrase InuCA is present in L. cirspatus. InuCA keeps the ability to synthesize prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharides, although it lacks a large part of the C-terminal region compared to other FTases. Remarkably, the short C-terminus of InuCA blocks the transfructosylation activity for producing oligosaccharides with longer chain, which is meaningful to the directional modification of FTases and the oligosaccharide products. Besides the catalytic activity, InuCA is anchored on the cell surface dependent on the environmental pH and may be also involved in the adhesion of L. crispatus to the vaginal epithelial cells. Since L. crispatus plays an essential role in the normal vaginal micro-ecosystem, the described work will be helpful to elucidate the functional genes and colonization mechanism of the dominant species.
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Wangpaiboon K, Klaewkla M, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Vongkusolkit N, Panpetch P, Kuttiyawong K, Visessanguan W, Pichyangkura R. Synergistic enzyme cocktail between levansucrase and inulosucrase for superb levan-type fructooligosaccharide synthesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 154:109960. [PMID: 34923315 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inulosucrase (ISC) and levansucrase (LSC) utilise sucrose and produce inulin- and levan-type fructans, respectively. This study aims to propose a new strategy to improve levan-type fructooligosaccharide (L-FOS) production. The effect of ISC/ LSC -mixed reaction was elucidated on L-FOS production. The presence of ISC in the LSC reaction significantly leads to the higher production of L-FOSs as the main products. Furthermore, the different ratios between ISC and LSC affected the distribution of L-FOSs. A greater amount of ISC compared to LSC promoted the synthesis of short-chain L-FOSs. Conversely, when LSC was increased, the synthesis of longer-chain L-FOSs was enhanced. The addition of trisaccharide mixtures obtained from either a single ISC or LSC reaction could enhance L-FOSs synthesis in the LSC reaction. Analysis of these trisaccharides revealed that most species of the oligosaccharides were similar, with 1-kestose being the major one. The supplement of only 1-kestose in the LSC reaction showed similar results to those of the reaction in the presence of trisaccharide mixtures. Moreover, the results were supported by molecular dynamics simulations. This work not only provides an improvement in L-FOS production but also revealed and supported some insights into the mechanism of fructansucrases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Methus Klaewkla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Napas Vongkusolkit
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Pawinee Panpetch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kamontip Kuttiyawong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Wonnop Visessanguan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholayothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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12
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Ni D, Zhang S, Kırtel O, Xu W, Chen Q, Öner ET, Mu W. Improving the Thermostability and Catalytic Activity of an Inulosucrase by Rational Engineering for the Biosynthesis of Microbial Inulin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13125-13134. [PMID: 34618455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermostability and enzymatic activity are two vital indexes determining the application of an enzyme on an industrial scale. A truncated inulosucrase, Laga-ISΔ138-702, from Lactobacillus gasseri showed high catalysis activity. To further enhance its thermostability and activity, multiple sequence alignment (MSA) and rational design based on the modeled structure were performed. Variants A446E, S482A, I614M, and A627S were identified with an improved denaturation temperature (Tm) of more than 1 °C. A combinational mutation method was further carried out to explore the synergistic promotion effects of single-point mutants. Additionally, 33 residues at the N-terminus were truncated to construct mutant M4N-33. The half-life of M4N-33 at 55 °C increased by 120 times compared to that of Laga-ISΔ138-702, and the relative activity of M4N-33 increased up to 152% at the optimal pH and temperature (pH 5.5 and 60 °C). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations illustrated the decreased b-factor of the surface loop of M4N-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Onur Kırtel
- IBSB─Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB─Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Zhang X, Liang Y, Yang H, Yang H, Chen S, Huang F, Hou Y, Huang R. A novel fusion levansucrase improves thermostability of polymerization and production of high molecular weight levan. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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de Lima MZT, de Almeida LR, Mera AM, Bernardes A, Garcia W, Muniz JRC. Crystal Structure of a Sucrose-6-phosphate Hydrolase from Lactobacillus gasseri with Potential Applications in Fructan Production and the Food Industry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10223-10234. [PMID: 34449216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are polymers of fructose with a prebiotic activity because of their production and fermentation by bacteria that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and are widely used in the industry and new functional foods. Lactobacillus gasseri stands out as an important homofermentative microorganism related to FOS production, and its potential applications in the industry are undeniable. In this study, we report the production and characterization of a sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase from L. gasseri belonging to the GH32 family. Apo-LgAs32 and LgAs32 complexed with β-d-fructose structures were determined at a resolution of 1.94 and 1.84 Å, respectively. The production of FOS, fructans, 1-kestose, and nystose by the recombinant LgAs32, using sucrose as a substrate, shown in this study is very promising. When compared to its homologous enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri, the production of 1-kestose by LgAs32 is increased; thus, LgAs32 can be considered as an alternative in fructan production and other industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Z T de Lima
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R de Almeida
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Alain M Mera
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bernardes
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Wanius Garcia
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP 09210-580, Brazil
| | - João R C Muniz
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
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15
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Yokoi KJ, Tsutsui S, Arakawa GY, Takaba M, Fujii K, Kaneko S. Molecular and biochemical characteristics of inulosucrase InuBK from Alkalihalobacillus krulwichiae JCM 11691. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1830-1838. [PMID: 34021568 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Information about the inulosucrase of nonlactic acid bacteria is scarce. We found a gene encoding inulosucrase (inuBK) in the genome of the Gram-positive bacterium Alkalihalobacillus krulwichiae JCM 11691. The inuBK open reading frame encoded a protein comprising 456 amino acids. We expressed His-tagged InuBK in culture medium using a Brevibacillus system. The optimal pH and temperature of purified InuBK were 7.0-9.0 and 50-55 °C, respectively. The findings of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography with multiangle laser light scattering showed that the polysaccharide produced by InuBK was an inulin with a molecular weight of 3806, a polydispersity index (PI) of 1.047, and fructosyl chain lengths with 3-27 degrees of polymerization. The size of InuBK was smaller than commercial inulins, and the PI of the inulin that it produced was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ji Yokoi
- Toyama Prefectural Food Research Institute, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sosyu Tsutsui
- Department of Subtropical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Gen-Ya Arakawa
- Toyama Prefectural Food Research Institute, Toyama, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Subtropical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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16
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Ni D, Kırtel O, Yin D, Xu W, Chen Q, Öner ET, Mu W. Improving the catalytic behaviors of Lactobacillus-derived fructansucrases by truncation strategies. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 149:109857. [PMID: 34311894 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fructansucrases (FSs), including inulosucrase (IS) and levansucrase (LS), are the members of the Glycoside Hydrolase family 68 (GH68) enzymes. IS and LS catalyze the polymerization of the fructosyl moiety from sucrose to inulin- and levan-type fructans, respectively. Lactobacillus-derived FSs have relatively extended N- and C-terminal sequences. However, the functional roles of these sequences in their enzymatic properties and fructan biosynthesis remain largely unknown. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (basionym: Lactobacillus reuteri) 121 could produce both IS and LS, abbreviated as Lare121-IS and Lare121-LS, respectively. In this study, it was found that the terminal truncation displayed an obvious effect on their activities and the N-terminal truncated variants, Lare121-ISΔ177-701 and Lare121-LSΔ154-686, displayed the highest activities. Melting temperature (Tm) and the thermostability at 50 °C were measured to evaluate the stability of various truncated versions, revealing the different effects of N-terminal on the stability. The average molecular weight and polymerization degree of the fructans produced by different truncated variants did not change considerably, indicating that N-terminal truncation had low influence on fructan biosynthesis. In addition, it was found that N-terminal truncation could also improve the activity of other reported FSs from Lactobacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Onur Kırtel
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dejing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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17
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Ghauri K, Pijning T, Munawar N, Ali H, Ghauri MA, Anwar MA, Wallis R. Crystal structure of an inulosucrase from
Halalkalicoccus
jeotgali
B3T, a halophilic archaeal strain. FEBS J 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Ghauri
- Industrial Biotechnology Division National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Department of Biomolecular X‐ray Crystallography Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Nayla Munawar
- Department of Chemistry College of Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al‐Ain UAE
| | - Hazrat Ali
- Industrial Biotechnology Division National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A. Ghauri
- Industrial Biotechnology Division National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Munir A. Anwar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Russell Wallis
- Department of Respiratory Sciences Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building University of Leicester UK
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18
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Abaramak G, Porras-Domínguez JR, Janse van Rensburg HC, Lescrinier E, Toksoy Öner E, Kırtel O, Van den Ende W. Functional and Molecular Characterization of the Halomicrobium sp. IBSBa Inulosucrase. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040749. [PMID: 33918392 PMCID: PMC8066391 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructans are fructose-based (poly)saccharides with inulin and levan being the best-known ones. Thanks to their health-related benefits, inulin-type fructans have been under the focus of scientific and industrial communities, though mostly represented by plant-based inulins, and rarely by microbial ones. Recently, it was discovered that some extremely halophilic Archaea are also able to synthesize fructans. Here, we describe the first in-depth functional and molecular characterization of an Archaeal inulosucrase from Halomicrobium sp. IBSBa (HmcIsc). The HmcIsc enzyme was recombinantly expressed and purified in Escherichia coli and shown to synthesize inulin as proven by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. In accordance with the halophilic lifestyle of its native host, the enzyme showed maximum activity at very high NaCl concentrations (3.5 M), with specific adaptations for that purpose. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that Archaeal inulosucrases have been acquired from halophilic bacilli through horizontal gene transfer, with a HX(H/F)T motif evolving further into a HXHT motif, together with a unique D residue creating the onset of a specific alternative acceptor binding groove. This work uncovers a novel area in fructan research, highlighting unexplored aspects of life in hypersaline habitats, and raising questions about the general physiological relevance of inulosucrases and their products in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülbahar Abaramak
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (G.A.); (E.T.Ö.)
| | - Jaime Ricardo Porras-Domínguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.R.P.-D.); (H.C.J.v.R.)
| | | | - Eveline Lescrinier
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (G.A.); (E.T.Ö.)
| | - Onur Kırtel
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (G.A.); (E.T.Ö.)
- Correspondence: (O.K.); (W.V.d.E.)
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.R.P.-D.); (H.C.J.v.R.)
- Correspondence: (O.K.); (W.V.d.E.)
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19
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Ghauri K, Pijning T, Munawar N, Ali H, Ghauri MA, Anwar MA, Wallis R. Crystal structure of an inulosucrase from Halalkalicoccus jeotgali B3T, a halophilic archaeal strain. FEBS J 2021; 288:5723-5736. [PMID: 33783128 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several archaea harbor genes that code for fructosyltransferase (FTF) enzymes. These enzymes have not been characterized yet at structure-function level, but are of extreme interest in view of their potential role in the synthesis of novel compounds for food, nutrition, and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, 3D structure of an inulin-type fructan producing enzyme, inulosucrase (InuHj), from the archaeon Halalkalicoccus jeotgali was resolved in its apo form and with bound substrate (sucrose) molecule and first transglycosylation product (1-kestose). This is the first crystal structure of an FTF from halophilic archaea. Its overall five-bladed β-propeller fold is conserved with previously reported FTFs, but also shows some unique features. The InuHj structure is closer to those of Gram-negative bacteria, with exceptions such as residue E266, which is conserved in FTFs of Gram-positive bacteria and has possible role in fructan polymer synthesis in these bacteria as compared to fructooligosaccharide (FOS) production by FTFs of Gram-negative bacteria. Highly negative electrostatic surface potential of InuHj, due to a large amount of acidic residues, likely contributes to its halophilicity. The complex of InuHj with 1-kestose indicates that the residues D287 in the 4B-4C loop, Y330 in 4D-5A, and D361 in the unique α2 helix may interact with longer FOSs and facilitate the binding of longer FOS chains during synthesis. The outcome of this work will provide targets for future structure-function studies of FTF enzymes, particularly those from archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Ghauri
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Department of Biomolecular X-ray Crystallography, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nayla Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Hazrat Ali
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Ghauri
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Munir A Anwar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Russell Wallis
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, UK
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20
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Tonozuka T, Kitamura J, Nagaya M, Kawai R, Nishikawa A, Hirano K, Tamura K, Fujii T, Tochio T. Crystal structure of a glycoside hydrolase family 68 β-fructosyltransferase from Beijerinckia indica subsp. indica in complex with fructose. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2508-2520. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1804317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
An enzyme belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 68 (GH68) from Beijerinckia indica subsp. indica NBRC 3744 was expressed in Escherichia coli. Biochemical characterization showed that the enzyme was identified to be a β-fructosyltransferase (BiBftA). Crystallization of a full-length BiBftA was initially attempted, but no crystals were obtained. We constructed a variant in which 5 residues (Pro199-Gly203) and 13 residues (Leu522-Gln534) in potentially flexible regions were deleted, and we successfully crystallized this variant BiBftA. BiBftA is composed of a five-bladed β-propeller fold as in other GH68 enzymes. The structure of BiBftA in complex with fructose unexpectedly indicated that one β-fructofuranose (β-Fruf) molecule and one β-fructopyranose molecule bind to the catalytic pocket. The orientation of β-Fruf at subsite −1 is tilted from the orientation observed in most GH68 enzymes, presenting a second structure of a GH68 enzyme in complex with the tilted binding mode of β-Fruf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tonozuka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Kitamura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Nagaya
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reika Kawai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Efficient production of inulin and oligosaccharides using thermostable inulosucrase from Lactobacillus jensenii. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1250-1257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Ni D, Xu W, Zhu Y, Pang X, Lv J, Mu W. Insight into the effects and biotechnological production of kestoses, the smallest fructooligosaccharides. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 41:34-46. [PMID: 33153319 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1844622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Kestoses, the smallest fructooligosaccharides, are trisaccharides composed of a fructose molecule and a sucrose molecule linked by either β-(2,1) or β-(2,6) linkage. 1-kestose, 6-kestose and neokestose are the three types of kestoses occurring in nature. As the main kind of fructooligosaccharide, kestoses share similar physiological effects with other fructooligosaccharides, and they have recently been determined to show more notable effects in promoting the growth of probiotics including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium than those of other fructooligosaccharides. Kestoses exist in many plants, but the relatively low content and the isolation and purification are the main barriers limiting their industrial application. The production of kestoses by enzymatic biosynthesis and microbial fermentation has the potential to facilitate its production and industrial use. In this article, the recent advances in the research of kestoses were overviewed, including those studying their functions and production. Kestose-producing enzymes were introduced in detail, and microbial production and fermentation optimization techniques for enhancing the yield of kestoses were addressed. β-Fructofuranosidase is the main one used to produce kestoses because of the extensive range of microbial sources. Therefore, the production of kestoses by microorganisms containing β-fructofuranosidase has also been reviewed. However, few molecular modification studies have attempted to change the production profile of some enzymes and improve the yield of kestoses, which is a topic that should garner more attention. Additionally, the production of kestoses using food-grade microorganisms may be beneficial to their application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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23
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Charoenwongpaiboon T, Punnatin P, Klaewkla M, Pramoj Na Ayutthaya P, Wangpaiboon K, Chunsrivirot S, Field RA, Pichyangkura R. Conserved Calcium-Binding Residues at the Ca-I Site Involved in Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis by Lactobacillus reuteri 121 Inulosucrase. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28001-28011. [PMID: 33163783 PMCID: PMC7643167 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inulosucrase is an enzyme that synthesizes inulin-type β-2,1-linked fructooligosaccharides (IFOS) from sucrose. Previous studies have shown that calcium is important for the activity and stability of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase (LrInu). Here, mutational analyses of four conserved calcium-binding site I (Ca-I) residues of LrInu, Asp418, Gln449, Asn488, and Asp520 were performed. Alanine substitution for these residues not only reduced the stability and activity of LrInu, but also modulated the pattern of the IFOS produced. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation indicated that these mutations had limited impact on the overall conformation of the enzyme. One of Ca-I residues most critical for controlling LrInu-mediated polymerization of IFOS, Asp418, was also subjected to mutagenesis, generating D418E, D418H, D418L, D418N, D418S, and D418W. The activity of these mutants demonstrated that the IFOS chain length could be controlled by a single mutation at the Ca-I site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panachai Punnatin
- Structural
and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Methus Klaewkla
- Structural
and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Structural
and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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24
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Narh C, Badoe W, Howard EK, Lin NX, Mensah A, Wang T, Wang Q, Huang F, Wei Q. Synthesized OH-radical rich bacteria cellulosic pockets with photodynamic bacteria inactivation properties against S. ureus and E. coli. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111230. [PMID: 32806321 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inulin as an external carbon source was used as the fructose substitute to Gluconacetobacter xylinus (ATCC 10245) bacterial strain in a successful synthesis of cellulosic pockets to be used in drug delivery and storage. It was observed that inulobiose trans conformation was in agreement with ϕ = Ψ = ω = 180° and angular rotation of ϴ (C1-C2-0-CI''), ϴ (C2-0-C 1'-C2') and ϴ (0-C1'-C2'-0') respectively. A bacterial susceptibility test revealed a successful inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in the presence of photons. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis confirmed an OH absorption was verified at 3423 cm-1. Pocket drug uptake test revealed a highly absorbent structure with the thermal stability directly proportional to the increase in drug uptake, while the increase in the degree of polymerization resulted in the increase in antioxidant activity and rate of bacterial inactivation. HYPOTHESIS: Inulin as an inert polysaccharide is neutral to cellular activity, therefore, could not be an agent for bacteria inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Narh
- Fiber Composite Research Center, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - William Badoe
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Kofi Howard
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana
| | - Nie Xiao Lin
- Fiber Composite Research Center, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Alfred Mensah
- Fiber Composite Research Center, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Fiber Composite Research Center, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Fiber Composite Research Center, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fenglin Huang
- Fiber Composite Research Center, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qufu Wei
- Fiber Composite Research Center, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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25
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Wangpaiboon K, Pitakchatwong C, Panpetch P, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Field RA, Pichyangkura R. Modified properties of alternan polymers arising from deletion of SH3-like motifs in Leuconostoc citreum ABK-1 alternansucrase. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 220:103-109. [PMID: 31196527 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alternansucrase (ALT, EC 2.4.1.140) catalyses the formation of an alternating 〈-1, 3/1, 6-linked glucan, with periodic branch points, from sucrose substrate. Beyond the catalytic domain, this enzyme harbours seven additional C-terminal SH3-like repeats. We herein generated two truncated alternansucrases, possessing deletions of three and seven adjacent SH3 motifs, giving Δ3SHALT and Δ7SHALT. Δ3SHALT and Δ7SHALT exhibited kcat/Km for transglycosylation activity 2.3- and 1.5-fold lower than wild-type ALT (WTALT), while hydrolysis was detected only in the truncated ALTs, oligosaccharide patterns and polymer glycosidic linkage were similar to that of WTALT. The viscosities of ALT polymers increase by ˜100-fold at 15% (w/v), with gel-like states formed at 12.5, 15.0, and 20.0% (w/v) produced by polymer from WTALT, Δ3SHALT, and Δ7SHALT, respectively. The average nanoparticle sizes of Δ3SHALT and Δ7SHALT polymers were 80 nm, compared to 90 nm from WTALT. In conclusion, even relatively subtle differences in the structure of ALT-produced alternan give rise to profound impact on the glucan polymer physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Pawinee Panpetch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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26
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A close look at the structural features and reaction conditions that modulate the synthesis of low and high molecular weight fructans by levansucrases. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 219:130-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Jakob F, Quintero Y, Musacchio A, Estrada‐de los Santos P, Hernández L, Vogel RF. Acetic acid bacteria encode two levansucrase types of different ecological relationship. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:4151-4165. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Jakob
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München Gregor‐Mendel‐Straße 4, 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Yamira Quintero
- Grupo Tecnología de Enzimas, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB) Ave 31 entre 158 y 190, Apartado Postal 6162, Habana 10600 Cuba
| | - Alexis Musacchio
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB) Ave 31 entre 158 y 190, Apartado Postal 6162, Habana 10600 Cuba
| | - Paulina Estrada‐de los Santos
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n Col. Santo Tomás C.P., 11340 Cd. de México Mexico
| | - Lázaro Hernández
- Grupo Tecnología de Enzimas, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB) Ave 31 entre 158 y 190, Apartado Postal 6162, Habana 10600 Cuba
| | - Rudi F. Vogel
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München Gregor‐Mendel‐Straße 4, 85354 Freising Germany
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28
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Exploring the sequence variability of polymerization-involved residues in the production of levan- and inulin-type fructooligosaccharides with a levansucrase. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7720. [PMID: 31118468 PMCID: PMC6531494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The connection between the gut microbiome composition and human health has long been recognized, such that the host-microbiome interplay is at present the subject of the so-called “precision medicine”. Non-digestible fructooligosaccharides (FOS) can modulate the microbial composition and therefore their consumption occupies a central place in a strategy seeking to reverse microbiome-linked diseases. We created a small library of Bacillus megaterium levansucrase variants with focus on the synthesis of levan- and inulin-type FOS. Modifications were introduced at positions R370, K373 and F419, which are either part of the oligosaccharide elongation pathway or are located in the vicinity of residues that modulate polymerization. These amino acids were exchanged by residues of different characteristics, some of them being extremely low- or non-represented in enzymes of the levansucrase family (Glycoside Hydrolase 68, GH68). F419 seemed to play a minor role in FOS binding. However, changes at R370 abated the levansucrase capacity to synthesize levan-type oligosaccharides, with some mutations turning the product specificity towards neo-FOS and the inulin-like sugar 1-kestose. Although variants retaining the native R370 produced efficiently levan-type tri-, tetra- and pentasaccharides, their capacity to elongate these FOS was hampered by including the mutation K373H or K373L. Mutant K373H, for instance, generated 37- and 5.6-fold higher yields of 6-kestose and 6-nystose, respectively, than the wild-type enzyme, while maintaining a similar catalytic activity. The effect of mutations on the levansucrase product specificity is discussed.
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29
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Charoenwongpaiboon T, Klaewkla M, Chunsrivirot S, Wangpaiboon K, Pichyangkura R, Field RA, Prousoontorn MH. Rational re-design of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase for product chain length control. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14957-14965. [PMID: 35516339 PMCID: PMC9064246 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02137j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are well-known prebiotics that are widely used in the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries. Inulosucrase (E.C. 2.4.1.9) can potentially be used to synthesise FOSs from sucrose. In this study, inulosucrase from Lactobacillus reuteri 121 was engineered by site-directed mutagenesis to change the FOS chain length. Three variants (R483F, R483Y and R483W) were designed, and their binding free energies with 1,1,1-kestopentaose (GF4) were calculated with the Rosetta software. R483F and R483Y were predicted to bind with GF4 better than the wild type, suggesting that these engineered enzymes should be able to effectively extend GF4 by one residue and produce a greater quantity of GF5 than the wild type. MALDI-TOF MS analysis showed that R483F, R483Y and R483W variants could synthesise shorter chain FOSs with a degree of polymerization (DP) up to 11, 10, and 10, respectively, while wild type produced longer FOSs and in polymeric form. Although the decrease in catalytic activity and the increase of hydrolysis/transglycosylation activity ratio was observed, the variants could effectively synthesise FOSs with the yield up to 73% of substrate. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that these variants produced a larger quantity of GF5 than wild type, which was in good agreement with the predicted binding free energy results. Our findings demonstrate the success of using aromatic amino acid residues, at position D418, to block the oligosaccharide binding track of inulosucrase in controlling product chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Methus Klaewkla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK
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30
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Ni D, Xu W, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Zhang T, Guang C, Mu W. Inulin and its enzymatic production by inulosucrase: Characteristics, structural features, molecular modifications and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:306-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Hill A, Chen L, Mariage A, Petit JL, de Berardinis V, Karboune S. Discovery of new levansucrase enzymes with interesting properties and improved catalytic activity to produce levan and fructooligosaccharides. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mining for new levansucrase enzymes with high levan production, transfructosylating activity, and thermal stability and studying their kinetics and acceptor specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hill
- Department of Food Science
- McGill University
- Quebec
- H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Lily Chen
- Department of Food Science
- McGill University
- Quebec
- H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Aline Mariage
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope
- Institut François Jacob
- CEA
- CNRS
- Univ Evry
| | - Jean-Louis Petit
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope
- Institut François Jacob
- CEA
- CNRS
- Univ Evry
| | | | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science
- McGill University
- Quebec
- H9X 3V9 Canada
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32
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Charoenwongpaiboon T, Sitthiyotha T, Na Ayutthaya PP, Wangpaiboon K, Chunsrivirot S, Hengsakul Prousoontorn M, Pichyangkura R. Modulation of fructooligosaccharide chain length and insight into the product binding motif of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 209:111-121. [PMID: 30732790 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inulosucrase (E.C. 2.4.1.9) is a bacterial fructosyltransferase that synthesizes inulin-type fructooligosaccharide, using sucrose as a substrate. We modulated the size of fructooligosaccharide synthesized by Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase using rational designed mutagenesis. Nine residues: D478, D479, S482, R483, N543, W551, N555, N561 and D689, were changed based on the active site architecture and amino acids potentially interacting with saccharides. The selected residues were substituted with alanine to investigate the contribution of these residues to FOS chain length. Enzymatic activity assays demonstrated that the transglycosylation/hydrolysis ratios of D479A, R483A, N543A, W551A and N555A mutants were significantly different from that of the wild type. Almost all mutants, except D478A, synthesized oligosaccharides with different size distribution compared to that of wild type. Molecular docking further provides insights into the product binding motif of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase and strengthens an important role of amino acid residues at remote locations from the active site on the enzymatic activity and product specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanapon Charoenwongpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thassanai Sitthiyotha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | | | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | | | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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33
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Cross-Feeding among Probiotic Bacterial Strains on Prebiotic Inulin Involves the Extracellular exo-Inulinase of Lactobacillus paracasei Strain W20. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01539-18. [PMID: 30171006 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01539-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic gut bacteria employ specific metabolic pathways to degrade dietary carbohydrates beyond the capabilities of their human host. Here, we report how individual commercial probiotic strains degrade prebiotic (inulin type) fructans. First, a structural analysis of commercial fructose oligosaccharide-inulin samples was performed. These β-(2-1)-fructans differ in termination by either glucose (GF) or fructose (FF) residues, with a broad variation in the degrees of polymerization (DPs). The growth of individual probiotic bacteria on short-chain inulin (sc-inulin) (Frutafit CLR), a β-(2-1)-fructan (DP 2 to DP 40), was studied. Lactobacillus salivarius W57 and other bacteria grew relatively poorly on sc-inulin, with only fractions of DP 3 and DP 5 utilized, reflecting uptake via specific transport systems followed by intracellular metabolism. Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei W20 completely used all sc-inulin components, employing an extracellular exo-inulinase enzyme (glycoside hydrolase family GH32 [LpGH32], also found in other strains of this species); the purified enzyme converted high-DP compounds into fructose, sucrose, 1-kestose, and F2 (inulobiose). The cocultivation of L. salivarius W57 and L. paracasei W20 on sc-inulin resulted in cross-feeding of the former by the latter, supported by this extracellular exo-inulinase. The extent of cross-feeding depended on the type of fructan, i.e., the GF type (clearly stimulating) versus the FF type (relatively low stimulus), and on fructan chain length, since relatively low-DP β-(2-1)-fructans contain a relatively high content of GF-type molecules, thus resulting in higher concentrations of GF-type DP 2 to DP 3 degradation products. The results provide an example of how in vivo cross-feeding on prebiotic β-(2-1)-fructans may occur among probiotic lactobacilli.IMPORTANCE The human gut microbial community is associated strongly with host physiology and human diseases. This observation has prompted research on pre- and probiotics, two concepts enabling specific changes in the composition of the human gut microbiome that result in beneficial effects for the host. Here, we show how fructooligosaccharide-inulin prebiotics are fermented by commercial probiotic bacterial strains involving specific sets of enzymes and transporters. Cross-feeding strains such as Lactobacillus paracasei W20 may thus act as keystone strains in the degradation of prebiotic inulin in the human gut, and this strain-exo-inulinase combination may be used in commercial Lactobacillus-inulin synbiotics.
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34
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Understanding the transfer reaction network behind the non-processive synthesis of low molecular weight levan catalyzed by Bacillus subtilis levansucrase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15035. [PMID: 30301900 PMCID: PMC6177408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under specific reaction conditions, levansucrase from Bacillus subtilis (SacB) catalyzes the synthesis of a low molecular weight levan through the non-processive elongation of a great number of intermediates. To deepen understanding of the polymer elongation mechanism, we conducted a meticulous examination of the fructooligosaccharide profile evolution during the levan synthesis. As a result, the formation of primary and secondary intermediates series in different reaction stages was observed. The origin of the series was identified through comparison with product profiles obtained in acceptor reactions employing levanbiose, blastose, 1-kestose, 6-kestose, and neo-kestose, and supported with the isolation and NMR analyses of some relevant products, demonstrating that all of them are inherent products during levan formation from sucrose. These results allowed to establish the network of fructosyl transfer reactions involved in the non-processive levan synthesis. Overall, our results reveal how the relaxed acceptor specificity of SacB during the initial steps of the synthesis is responsible for the formation of several levan series, which constitute the final low molecular weight levan distribution.
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35
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Kırtel O, Versluys M, Van den Ende W, Toksoy Öner E. Fructans of the saline world. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1524-1539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Ni D, Zhu Y, Xu W, Bai Y, Zhang T, Mu W. Biosynthesis of inulin from sucrose using inulosucrase from Lactobacillus gasseri DSM 20604. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:1209-1218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Kralj S, Leeflang C, Sierra EI, Kempiński B, Alkan V, Kolkman M. Synthesis of fructooligosaccharides (FosA) and inulin (InuO) by GH68 fructosyltransferases from Bacillus agaradhaerens strain WDG185. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 179:350-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Frasch HJ, Leeuwen SSV, Dijkhuizen L. Molecular and biochemical characteristics of the inulosucrase HugO from Streptomyces viridochromogenes DSM40736 (Tü494). Microbiology (Reading) 2017; 163:1030-1041. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jörg Frasch
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S. van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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39
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Ortiz-Soto ME, Possiel C, Görl J, Vogel A, Schmiedel R, Seibel J. Impaired coordination of nucleophile and increased hydrophobicity in the +1 subsite shift levansucrase activity towards transfructosylation. Glycobiology 2017; 27:755-765. [PMID: 28575294 PMCID: PMC5881714 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial levansucrases produce β(2,6)-linked levan-type polysaccharides using sucrose or sucrose analogs as donor/acceptor substrates. However, the dominant reaction of Bacillus megaterium levansucrase (Bm-LS) is hydrolysis. Single domain levansucrases from Gram-positive bacteria display a wide substrate-binding pocket with open access to water, challenging engineering for transfructosylation-efficient enzymes. We pursued a shift in reaction specificity by either modifying the water distribution in the active site or the coordination of the catalytic acid/base (E352) and the nucleophile (D95), thus affecting the fructosyl-transfer rate and allowing acceptors other than water to occupy the active site. Two serine (173/422) and two water-binding tyrosine (421/439) residues located in the first shell of the catalytic pocket were modified. Library variants of S173, Y421 and S422, which coordinate the position of D95 and E352, show increased transfructosylation (30–200%) and modified product spectra. Substitutions at position 422 have a higher impact on sucrose affinity, while changes at position 173 and 421 have a strong effect on the overall catalytic rate. As most retaining glycoside hydrolases (GHs) Bm-LS catalyzes hydrolysis and transglycosylation via a double displacement reaction involving two-transition states (TS1 and TS2). Hydrogen bonds of D95 with the side chains of S173 and S422 contribute a total of 2.4 kcal mol−1 to TS1 stabilization, while hydrogen bonds between invariant Y421, E352 and the glucosyl C-2 hydroxyl-group of sucrose contribute 2.15 kcal mol−1 stabilization. Changes at Y439 render predominantly hydrolytic variants synthesizing shorter oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Ortiz-Soto
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Am Hubland 97074, Germany
| | - Christian Possiel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Am Hubland 97074, Germany
| | - Julian Görl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Am Hubland 97074, Germany
| | - Andreas Vogel
- c-LEcta GmbH, Leipzig, Perlickstr. 5, 04103, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Am Hubland 97074, Germany
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40
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Gao S, Qi X, Hart DJ, Gao H, An Y. Expression and Characterization of Levansucrase from Clostridium acetobutylicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:867-871. [PMID: 28075130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Clostridium acetobutylicum gene Ca-SacB encoding levansucrase was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Ca-SacB is composed of 1287 bp and encodes 428 amino acid residues, which could convert 150 mmol/L sucrose to levan with the liberation of glucose. The optimum pH and temperature of this enzyme for levan formation were pH 6 and 60 °C, respectively. Levansucrase activity of Ca-SacB was completely abolished by 5 mmol/L Ag+ and Hg2+. The Km and Vmax values for levansucrase were calculated to be 64 mmol/L and 190 μmol/min/mg, respectively. Interestingly, Ca-SacB was found to have high product specificity, and no fructooligosaccharide was identified in the product, indicating that Ca-SacB may be valuable for industrial production of levan. In addition, Ca-SacB is the first characterized levansucrase isolated from an anaerobic bacterium, which should be valuable for exploring new enzyme resources and deepening the understanding of the catalytic mechanisms of levansucrases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Darren J Hart
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), CEA, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble 38044, France
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41
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Öner ET, Hernández L, Combie J. Review of Levan polysaccharide: From a century of past experiences to future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:827-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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42
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Yu S, Wang X, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W. Probing the Role of Two Critical Residues in Inulin Fructotransferase (DFA III-Producing) Thermostability from Arthrobacter sp. 161MFSha2.1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6188-6195. [PMID: 27440442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inulin fructotransferase (IFTase) is an important enzyme that produces di-d-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3' dianhydride (DAF III), which is beneficial for human health. Present investigations mainly focus on screening and characterizing IFTase, including catalytic efficiency and thermostability, which are two important factors for enzymatic industrial applications. However, few reports aimed to improve these two characteristics based on the structure of IFTase. In this work, a structural model of IFTase (DFA III-producing) from Arthrobacter sp. 161MFSha2.1 was constructed through homology modeling. Analysis of this model reveals that two residues, Ser-309 and Ser-333, may play key roles in the structural stability. Therefore, the functions of the two residues were probed by site-directed mutagenesis combined with the Nano-DSC method and assays for residual activity. In contrast to other mutations, single mutation of serine 309 (or serine 333) to threonine did not decrease the enzymatic stability, whereas double mutation (serine 309 and serine 333 to threonine) can enhance thermostability (by approximately 5 °C). The probable mechanisms for this enhancement were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and ‡Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and ‡Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and ‡Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and ‡Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and ‡Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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43
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Yu S, Zhu Y, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W. Facile enzymatic production of difructose dianhydride III from sucrose. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient, efficient, and cost-effective approach to the facile enzymatic production of difructose dianhydride (DFA) III from sucrose is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
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44
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Raga-Carbajal E, Carrillo-Nava E, Costas M, Porras-Dominguez J, López-Munguía A, Olvera C. Size product modulation by enzyme concentration reveals two distinct levan elongation mechanisms inBacillus subtilislevansucrase. Glycobiology 2015; 26:377-85. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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45
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The crystal structure of Erwinia amylovora levansucrase provides a snapshot of the products of sucrose hydrolysis trapped into the active site. J Struct Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Díez-Municio M, Herrero M, Olano A, Moreno FJ. Synthesis of novel bioactive lactose-derived oligosaccharides by microbial glycoside hydrolases. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 7:315-31. [PMID: 24690139 PMCID: PMC4241725 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotic oligosaccharides are increasingly demanded within the Food Science domain because of the interesting healthy properties that these compounds may induce to the organism, thanks to their beneficial intestinal microbiota growth promotion ability. In this regard, the development of new efficient, convenient and affordable methods to obtain this class of compounds might expand even further their use as functional ingredients. This review presents an overview on the most recent interesting approaches to synthesize lactose-derived oligosaccharides with potential prebiotic activity paying special focus on the microbial glycoside hydrolases that can be effectively employed to obtain these prebiotic compounds. The most notable advantages of using lactose-derived carbohydrates such as lactosucrose, galactooligosaccharides from lactulose, lactulosucrose and 2-α-glucosyl-lactose are also described and commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Díez-Municio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC)C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC)C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Agustín Olano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC)C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC)C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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47
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Mardo K, Visnapuu T, Vija H, Elmi T, Alamäe T. Mutational analysis of conserved regions harboring catalytic triad residues of the levansucrase protein encoded by the
lsc‐3
gene (
lsc3
) of
Pseudomonas syringae
pv. tomato
DC
3000. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 61:11-22. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Mardo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Triinu Visnapuu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Heiki Vija
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Triin Elmi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Tiina Alamäe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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48
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Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of fructooligosaccharides and novel maltosylfructosides by inulosucrase from Lactobacillus gasseri DSM 20604. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:4129-40. [PMID: 23645191 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00854-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of an inulosucrase (IS) from Lactobacillus gasseri DSM 20604 to synthesize fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and maltosylfructosides (MFOS) in the presence of sucrose and sucrose-maltose mixtures was investigated after optimization of synthesis conditions, including enzyme concentration, temperature, pH, and reaction time. The maximum formation of FOS, which consist of β-2,1-linked fructose to sucrose, was 45% (in weight with respect to the initial amount of sucrose) and was obtained after 24 h of reaction at 55°C in the presence of sucrose (300 g liter(-1)) and 1.6 U ml(-1) of IS-25 mM sodium acetate buffer-1 mM CaCl2 (pH 5.2). The production of MFOS was also studied as a function of the initial ratios of sucrose to maltose (10:50, 20:40, 30:30, and 40:20, expressed in g 100 ml(-1)). The highest yield in total MFOS was attained after 24 to 32 h of reaction time and ranged from 13% (10:50 sucrose/maltose) to 52% (30:30 sucrose/maltose) in weight with respect to the initial amount of maltose. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structural characterization indicated that IS from L. gasseri specifically transferred fructose moieties of sucrose to either C-1 of the reducing end or C-6 of the nonreducing end of maltose. Thus, the trisaccharide erlose [α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-fructofuranoside] was the main synthesized MFOS followed by neo-erlose [β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→6)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-d-glucopyranose]. The formation of MFOS with a higher degree of polymerization was also demonstrated by the transfer of additional fructose residues to C-1 of either the β-2,1-linked fructose or the β-2,6-linked fructose to maltose, revealing the capacity of MFOS to serve as acceptors.
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49
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Tonozuka T, Tamaki A, Yokoi G, Miyazaki T, Ichikawa M, Nishikawa A, Ohta Y, Hidaka Y, Katayama K, Hatada Y, Ito T, Fujita K. Crystal structure of a lactosucrose-producing enzyme, Arthrobacter sp. K-1 β-fructofuranosidase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 51:359-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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50
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Anwar MA, Leemhuis H, Pijning T, Kralj S, Dijkstra BW, Dijkhuizen L. The role of conserved inulosucrase residues in the reaction and product specificity ofLactobacillus reuteriinulosucrase. FEBS J 2012; 279:3612-3621. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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