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Medina H, Farmer C. Current Challenges in Monitoring Low Contaminant Levels of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water Matrices in the Field. TOXICS 2024; 12:610. [PMID: 39195712 PMCID: PMC11358922 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States recently released the first-ever federal regulation on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) for drinking water. While this represents an important landmark, it also brings about compliance challenges to the stakeholders in the drinking water industry as well as concerns to the general public. In this work, we address some of the most important challenges associated with measuring low concentrations of PFASs in drinking water in the field in real drinking water matrices. First, we review the "continuous monitoring for compliance" process laid out by the EPA and some of the associated hurdles. The process requires measuring, with some frequency, low concentrations (e.g., below 2 ppt or 2 ng/L) of targeted PFASs, in the presence of many other co-contaminants and in various conditions. Currently, this task can only (and it is expected to) be accomplished using specific protocols that rely on expensive, specialized, and laboratory-scale instrumentation, which adds time and increases cost. To potentially reduce the burden, portable, high-fidelity, low-cost, real-time PFAS sensors are desirable; however, the path to commercialization of some of the most promising technologies is confronted with many challenges, as well, and they are still at infant stages. Here, we provide insights related to those challenges based on results from ab initio and machine learning studies. These challenges are mainly due to the large amount and diversity of PFAS molecules and their multifunctional behaviors that depend strongly on the conditions of the media. The impetus of this work is to present relevant and timely insights to researchers and developers to accelerate the development of suitable PFAS monitoring systems. In addition, this work attempts to provide water system stakeholders, technicians, and even regulators guidelines to improve their strategies, which could ultimately translate in better services to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Medina
- School of Engineering, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA
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2
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Boukouvala E, Krey G. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors of Ray-Finned Fish: Unique Structures, Elusive Functions. Biomolecules 2024; 14:634. [PMID: 38927038 PMCID: PMC11201486 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Actinopterygian and specifically the Teleostean peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) present an impressive variability and complexity in their structures, both at the gene and protein levels. These structural differences may also reflect functional divergence from their mammalian homologs, or even between fish species. This review, taking advantage of the data generated from the whole-genome sequencing of several fish species, highlights the differences in the primary structure of the receptors, while discussing results from the literature pertaining to the functions of fish PPARs and their activation by natural and synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evridiki Boukouvala
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Grigorios Krey
- Fisheries Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), 64007 Nea Peramos, Kavala, Greece
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3
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Chen P, Zhao N, Wang R, Chen G, Hu Y, Dou Z, Ban C. Hepatotoxicity and lipid metabolism disorders of 8:2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diester in zebrafish: In vivo and in silico evidence. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133807. [PMID: 38412642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
8:2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diester (8:2 diPAP) has been shown to accumulate in the liver, but whether it induces hepatotoxicity and lipid metabolism disorders remains largely unknown. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 8:2 diPAP for 7 d. Hepatocellular hypertrophy and karyolysis were noted after exposure to 0.5 ng/L 8:2 diPAP, suggesting suppressed liver development. Compared to the water control, 8:2 diPAP led to significantly higher triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, but markedly lower levels of low-density lipoprotein, implying disturbed lipid homeostasis. The levels of two peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes (pparα and pparγ) involved in hepatotoxicity and lipid metabolism were significantly upregulated by 8:2 diPAP, consistent with their overexpression as determined by immunohistochemistry. In silico results showed that 8:2 diPAP formed hydrogen bonds with PPARα and PPARγ. Among seven machine learning models, Adaptive Boosting performed the best in predicting the binding affinities of PPARα and PPARγ on the test set. The predicted binding affinity of 8:2 diPAP to PPARα (7.12) was higher than that to PPARγ (6.97) by Adaptive Boosting, which matched well with the experimental results. Our results revealed PPAR - mediated adverse effects of 8:2 diPAP on the liver and lipid metabolism of zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Chen
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China.
| | - Na Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Ruihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Geng Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxi Hu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Zhichao Dou
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Chenglong Ban
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
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García A, Vila L, Duplan I, Schiel MA, Enriz RD, Hennuyer N, Staels B, Cabedo N, Cortes D. Benzopyran hydrazones with dual PPARα/γ or PPARα/δ agonism and an anti-inflammatory effect on human THP-1 macrophages. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116125. [PMID: 38185055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play a major role in regulating inflammatory processes, and dual or pan-PPAR agonists with PPARγ partial activation have been recognised to be useful to manage both metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Previous works have demonstrated the capacity of 2-prenylated benzopyrans as PPAR ligands. Herein, we have replaced the isoprenoid bond by hydrazone, a highly attractive functional group in medicinal chemistry. In an attempt to discover novel and safety PPAR activators, we efficiently prepared benzopyran hydrazone/hydrazine derivatives containing benzothiazole (series 1) or 5-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridine moiety (series 2) with a 3- or 7-carbon side chain at the 2-position of the benzopyran nucleus. Benzopyran hydrazones 4 and 5 showed dual hPPARα/γ agonism, while hydrazone 14 exerted dual hPPARα/δ agonism. These three hydrazones greatly attenuated inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and MCP-1 on the THP-1 macrophages via NF-κB activation. Therefore, we have discovered novel hits (4, 5 and 14), containing a hydrazone framework with dual PPARα/γ or PPARα/δ partial agonism, depending on the length of the side chain. Benzopyran hydrazones emerge as potential lead compounds which could be useful for treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa García
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Vila
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabelle Duplan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U-1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - María Ayelén Schiel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis-IMIBIO-SL-CONICET, Chacabuco, 917-5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ricardo D Enriz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis-IMIBIO-SL-CONICET, Chacabuco, 917-5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U-1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U-1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nuria Cabedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Diego Cortes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Apaza Ticona L, Sánchez Sánchez-Corral J, Flores Sepúlveda A, Soriano Vázquez C, Hernán Vieco C, Rumbero Sánchez Á. Novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole compounds as PPAR-α ligand agonists: a new strategy for the design of antitumour compounds. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1377-1388. [PMID: 37484563 PMCID: PMC10357926 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of PPAR-α by natural ligands is a novel strategy for the development of anticancer therapies. A series of 16 compounds based on the structure of 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-5-(thiophen-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (natural compound) with antitumour potential were designed and synthesised. The cytotoxicity and PPAR agonist activity of these synthetic 1,2,4-oxadiazoles were evaluated in the A-498 and DU 145 tumour cell lines. Preliminary biological evaluation showed that most of these synthetic 1,2,4-oxadiazoles are less cytotoxic (sulforhodamine B assay) than the positive control WY-14643. Regarding the PPAR-α modulation, compound 16 was the most active, with EC50 = 0.23-0.83 μM (PPAR-α). Additionally, compound 16 had a similar activity to the natural compound (EC50 = 0.18-0.77 μM) and was less toxic in the RPTEC and WPMY-1 cell lines (non-tumour cells) (CC50 = 81.66-92.67 μM) than the natural compound. Looking at the link between chemical structure and activity, our study demonstrates that changes to the natural 1,2,4-oxadiazole at the level of the thiophenyl residue can lead to new agonists of PPAR-α with promising anti-tumour activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Apaza Ticona
- Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid Cantoblanco 28040 Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Soriano Vázquez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Carmen Hernán Vieco
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Ángel Rumbero Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid Cantoblanco 28040 Madrid Spain
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Arifi S, Marschner JA, Pollinger J, Isigkeit L, Heitel P, Kaiser A, Obeser L, Höfner G, Proschak E, Knapp S, Chaikuad A, Heering J, Merk D. Targeting the Alternative Vitamin E Metabolite Binding Site Enables Noncanonical PPARγ Modulation. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37385602 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The lipid-sensing transcription factor PPARγ is the target of antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZD). At two sites within its ligand binding domain, it also binds oxidized vitamin E metabolites and the vitamin E mimetic garcinoic acid. While the canonical interaction within the TZD binding site mediates classical PPARγ activation, the effects of the second binding on PPARγ activity remain elusive. Here, we identified an agonist mimicking dual binding of vitamin E metabolites and developed a selective ligand of the second site, unveiling potential noncanonical regulation of PPARγ activities. We found that this alternative binding event can simultaneously occur with orthosteric ligands and it exerted different effects on PPARγ-cofactor interactions compared to both orthosteric PPARγ agonists and antagonists, indicating the diverse roles of the two binding sites. Alternative site binding lacked the pro-adipogenic effect of TZD and mediated no classical PPAR signaling in differential gene expression analysis but markedly diminished FOXO signaling, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Arifi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julian A Marschner
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julius Pollinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Laura Isigkeit
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pascal Heitel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lennart Obeser
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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7
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Atractylodin Ameliorates Colitis via PPARα Agonism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010802. [PMID: 36614242 PMCID: PMC9821687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atractylodin is a major compound in the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea, an oriental herbal medicine used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, including dyspepsia, nausea, and diarrhea. Recent studies have shown that atractylodin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory diseases. Herein, we investigated the anti-colitis effects of atractylodin and its molecular targets. We determined the non-cytotoxic concentration of atractylodin (50 μM) using a cell proliferation assay in colonic epithelial cells. We found that pretreatment with atractylodin significantly inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B in HCT116 cells. Through docking simulation analysis, luciferase assays, and in vitro binding assays, we found that atractylodin has an affinity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Daily administration of atractylodin (40 mg/kg) increased the survival rate of mice in a dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mouse model. Thus, atractylodin can be a good strategy for colitis therapy through inducing PPARα-dependent pathways.
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Kim J, Ko H, Hur JS, An S, Lee JW, Deyrup ST, Noh M, Shim SH. Discovery of Pan-peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Modulators from an Endolichenic Fungus, Daldinia childiae. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2804-2816. [PMID: 36475432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin-synthesis-promoting compounds possess therapeutic potential to treat diverse metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. Phenotypic screening to find adiponectin-synthesis-promoting compounds was performed using the adipogenesis model of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The extract of the endolichenic fungus Daldinia childiae 047215 significantly promoted adiponectin production. Bioactivity-guided isolation led to 13 active polyketides (1-13), which include naphthol monomers, dimers, and trimers. To the best of our knowledge, trimers of naphthol (1-4) have not been previously isolated as either natural or synthetic products. The novel naphthol trimer 3,1',3',3″-ternaphthalene-5,5',5″-trimethoxy-4,4',4″-triol (2) and a dimer, nodulisporin A (12), exhibited concentration-dependent adiponectin-synthesis-promoting activity (EC50 30.8 and 15.2 μM, respectively). Compounds 2 and 12 bound to all three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes, PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ. In addition, compound 2 transactivated retinoid X receptor α, whereas 12 did not. Naphthol oligomers 2 and 12 represent novel pan-PPAR modulators and are potential pharmacophores for designing new therapeutic agents against hypoadiponectinemia-associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekyeong Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Ko
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungchan An
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen T Deyrup
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Siena College, Londonville, New York 12211, United States
| | - Minsoo Noh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Cizkova K, Koubova K, Tauber Z. Lipid Messenger Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate Is Increased by Both PPARα Activators and Inhibitors: Relevance for Intestinal Cell Differentiation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070997. [PMID: 36101378 PMCID: PMC9312331 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Fibrates, such as fenofibrate, are widely used drugs for dyslipidaemia treatment. It is known that they activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) which serves as a lipid sensor in the organism. This article addresses how activators and inhibitor of the PPARα could affect differentiation of intestinal cells. Carcinogenesis is a disruption of normal differentiation process and colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cancer in terms of incidence, but the secondp in terms of mortality. One of the important signalling pathways in intestinal cell differentiation as well as carcinogenesis is PI3K/Akt/PTEN. We showed that PPARα activators as well as inhibitor affected the levels of one member of this pathway called phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. This molecule is important for formation of microvilli, the essential structures of fully differentiated intestinal cells. Abstract We investigated the effects of PPARα activators fenofibrate and WY-14643 as well as the PPARα inhibitor GW6471 on the PI3K/Akt/PTEN pathway of intestinal cell differentiation. Our previous study showed that all these compounds increased the expression of villin, a specific marker of intestinal cell differentiation in HT-29 and Caco2 cells. Our current results confirmed the central role of lipid messenger phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a known player in brush border formation, in mediating the effects of tested PPARα ligands. Although all tested compounds increased its levels, surprisingly, each of them affected different PIP2-metabolizing enzymes, especially the levels of PIP5K1C and PTEN. Moreover, we found a positive relationship between the expression of PPARα itself and PIP2 as well as PIP5K1C. By contrast, PPARα was negatively correlated with PTEN. However, the expression of antigens of interest was independent of PPARα subcellular localization, suggesting that it is not directly involved in their regulation. In colorectal carcinoma tissues we found a decrease in PTEN expression, which was accompanied by a change in its subcellular localization. This change was also observed for the regulatory subunit of PI3K. Taken together, our data revealed that fenofibrate, WY-14643, and GW6471 affected different members of the PI3K/Akt/PTEN pathway. However, these effects were PPARα-independent.
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Doi M, Morita N, Okuzawa T, Ohgiya S, Okamoto D, Sato K, Ito Y, Matsuura H, Hashidoko Y. Pinellic Acid Isolated from Quercetin-rich Onions has a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Alpha/Gamma (PPAR-α/γ) Transactivation Activity. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:440-446. [PMID: 35038752 DOI: 10.1055/a-1345-9471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonol, is a functional compound that is abundant in onions and is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Quercetin and its glucoside are known to function as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands and showed high PPAR-α transactivation activity but little PPAR-γ transactivation activity in some reports. In this study, we demonstrated that an aqueous extract of a quercetin-rich onion cultivar increased transactivation activities not only of PPAR-α but also of PPAR-γ. We isolated (9S,12S,13S)-(10E)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-10-enoic acid (pinellic acid) obtained from the aqueous extract using PPAR-γ transactivation as an index. Furthermore, it was revealed that pinellic acid could transactivate PPAR-α. Our findings are the first report mentioned showing that trihydroxyoctadec-10-enoic acids showed PPAR-α/γ transactivation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Doi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Naoki Morita
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Okuzawa
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoru Ohgiya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Sato
- Northern Advancement Center for Science and Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yukiya Ito
- Northern Advancement Center for Science and Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
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11
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Søderstrøm S, Lille-Langøy R, Yadetie F, Rauch M, Milinski A, Dejaegere A, Stote RH, Goksøyr A, Karlsen OA. Agonistic and potentiating effects of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Ppars). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107203. [PMID: 35364415 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity mediated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and especially perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), has been linked to activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Ppar) in many vertebrates. Here, we present the primary structures, phylogeny, and tissue-specific distributions of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) gmPpara1, gmPpara2, gmPparb, and gmPparg, and demonstrate that the carboxylic acids PFHxA, PFOA, PFNA, as well as the sulfonic acid PFHxS, activate gmPpara1 in vitro, which was also supported by in silico analyses. Intriguingly, a binary mixture of PFOA and the non-activating PFOS produced a higher activation of gmPpara1 compared to PFOA alone, suggesting that PFOS has a potentiating effect on receptor activation. Supporting the experimental data, docking and molecular dynamics simulations of single and double-ligand complexes led to the identification of a putative allosteric binding site, which upon binding of PFOS stabilizes an active conformation of gmPpara1. Notably, binary exposures of gmPpara1, gmPpara2, and gmPparb to model-agonists and PFAAs produced similar potentiating effects. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into how PFAAs may modulate the Ppar signaling pathway by either binding the canonical ligand-binding pocket or by interacting with an allosteric binding site. Thus, individual PFAAs, or mixtures, could potentially modulate the Ppar-signaling pathway in Atlantic cod by interfering with at least one gmPpar subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Søderstrøm
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, NO-5005 Bergen, Norway(1)
| | - Roger Lille-Langøy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, NO-5005 Bergen, Norway(1)
| | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mateusz Rauch
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Ana Milinski
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Annick Dejaegere
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Roland H Stote
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway.
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12
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Dutra LA, Lacerda MG, Destro Inácio M, Martins JW, Lopes Silva AC, Bento da Silva P, Chorilli M, Amato AA, Baviera AM, Passarelli M, Guido RV, Dos Santos JL. Discovery of (E)-4-styrylphenoxy-propanamide: A dual PPARα/γ partial agonist that regulates high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, modulates adipogenesis, and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Bioorg Chem 2022; 120:105600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Zhang C, Wu J, Chen Q, Tan H, Huang F, Guo J, Zhang X, Yu H, Shi W. Allosteric binding on nuclear receptors: Insights on screening of non-competitive endocrine-disrupting chemicals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107009. [PMID: 34883459 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can compete with endogenous hormones and bind to the orthosteric site of nuclear receptors (NRs), affecting normal endocrine system function and causing severe symptoms. Recently, a series of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been discovered to bind to the allosteric sites of NRs and induce similar effects. However, it remains unclear how diverse EDCs work in this new way. Therefore, we have systematically summarized the allosteric sites and underlying mechanisms based on existing studies, mainly regarding drugs belonging to the PPCP class. Advanced methods, classified as structural biology, biochemistry and computational simulation, together with their advantages and hurdles for allosteric site recognition and mechanism insight have also been described. Furthermore, we have highlighted two available strategies for virtual screening of numerous EDCs, relying on the structural features of allosteric sites and lead compounds, respectively. We aim to provide reliable theoretical and technical support for a broader view of various allosteric interactions between EDCs and NRs, and to drive high-throughput and accurate screening of potential EDCs with non-competitive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinqiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Kamata S, Ishii I. [PPARα-Ligand Binding Modes Revealed by X-ray Crystallography]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:1267-1274. [PMID: 34719550 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor-type transcription factors that consist of three subtypes (α, γ, and β/δ) with distinct physiological functions and ligand recognition. PPARs regulate energy metabolism and therefore become therapeutic targets for various metabolic diseases. While PPARα agonists are used as anti-dyslipidemia drugs and PPARγ agonists as anti-type 2 diabetes drugs, PPAR dual/pan agonists (that acts on two or three subtypes) are expected to treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), pulmonary fibrosis, etc. Structural analyses of PPAR-ligand-binding domain (LBD)-ligand co-crystals using X-ray crystallography have been done mainly on PPARγ, in which ligand-free apocrystals were prepared; however, the information on PPARα-LBD and PPARδ-LBD is limited. Recently, we succeeded to obtain 34 novel co-crystal structures of PPARα-LBD and various PPARα ligands (including fibrates) using various co-crystallization techniques. This procedure is applicable to preparation of PPARδ-LBD co-crystals, and contributes to molecular design of new PPAR targeted drugs based on all three PPAR-LBD structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Kamata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Isao Ishii
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University
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15
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Kumar V, Xin X, Ma J, Tan C, Osna N, Mahato RI. Therapeutic targets, novel drugs, and delivery systems for diabetes associated NAFLD and liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113888. [PMID: 34314787 PMCID: PMC8440458 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the fourth-leading cause of death. Hyperglycemia induces various complications, including nephropathy, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are several etiological factors leading to liver disease development, which involve insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Free fatty acid (FFA) accumulation in the liver exerts oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses. Hepatocyte injury induces release of inflammatory cytokines from Kupffer cells (KCs), which are responsible for activating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In this review, we will discuss various molecular targets for treating chronic liver diseases, including homeostasis of FFA, lipid metabolism, and decrease in hepatocyte apoptosis, role of growth factors, and regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and HSC activation. This review will also critically assess different strategies to enhance drug delivery to different cell types. Targeting nanocarriers to specific liver cell types have the potential to increase efficacy and suppress off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Xiaofei Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Natalia Osna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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16
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Tahri-Joutey M, Andreoletti P, Surapureddi S, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Latruffe N. Mechanisms Mediating the Regulation of Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation by PPARα. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168969. [PMID: 34445672 PMCID: PMC8396561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, two cellular organelles, mitochondria and peroxisomes, share the ability to degrade fatty acid chains. Although each organelle harbors its own fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, a distinct mitochondrial system feeds the oxidative phosphorylation pathway for ATP synthesis. At the same time, the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway participates in cellular thermogenesis. A scientific milestone in 1965 helped discover the hepatomegaly effect in rat liver by clofibrate, subsequently identified as a peroxisome proliferator in rodents and an activator of the peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. These peroxisome proliferators were later identified as activating ligands of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα), cloned in 1990. The ligand-activated heterodimer PPARα/RXRα recognizes a DNA sequence, called PPRE (Peroxisome Proliferator Response Element), corresponding to two half-consensus hexanucleotide motifs, AGGTCA, separated by one nucleotide. Accordingly, the assembled complex containing PPRE/PPARα/RXRα/ligands/Coregulators controls the expression of the genes involved in liver peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. This review mobilizes a considerable number of findings that discuss miscellaneous axes, covering the detailed expression pattern of PPARα in species and tissues, the lessons from several PPARα KO mouse models and the modulation of PPARα function by dietary micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Tahri-Joutey
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco;
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
| | - Sailesh Surapureddi
- Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA;
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco;
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Gong Y, Geng N, Zhang H, Luo Y, Giesy JP, Sun S, Wu P, Yu Z, Chen J. Exposure to short-chain chlorinated paraffins inhibited PPARα-mediated fatty acid oxidation and stimulated aerobic glycolysis in vitro in human cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:144957. [PMID: 33578161 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) could disrupt fatty acid metabolism in male rat liver through activating rat PPARα signaling. However, whether this mode of action can translate to humans remained largely unclear. In this study, based on luciferase assays, C10-13-CPs (56.5% Cl) at concentrations greater than 1 μM (i.e., 362 μg/L) showed weak agonistic activity toward human PPARα (hPPARα) signaling. But in HepG2 cells, exposure to C10-13-CPs (56.5% Cl) at the human internal exposure level (100 μg/L) down-regulated expressions of most of the tested hPPARα target genes, which encode for enzymes that oxidize fatty acids. In line with the gene expression data, metabolomics further confirmed that exposure to four SCCP standards with varying chlorine contents at 100 μg/L significantly suppressed oxidation of fatty acids in HepG2 cells, mainly evidenced by elevations in both total fatty acids and long-chain acylcarnitines. In addition, exposure to these SCCPs also caused a shift in carbohydrate metabolism from the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) to aerobic glycolysis. Overall, the results revealed that SCCPs could inhibit hPPARα-mediated fatty acid oxidation, and stimulated aerobic glycolysis in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ningbo Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yun Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Shuai Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhengkun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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18
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Kamata S, Oyama T, Saito K, Honda A, Yamamoto Y, Suda K, Ishikawa R, Itoh T, Watanabe Y, Shibata T, Uchida K, Suematsu M, Ishii I. PPARα Ligand-Binding Domain Structures with Endogenous Fatty Acids and Fibrates. iScience 2020; 23:101727. [PMID: 33205029 PMCID: PMC7653058 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Most triacylglycerol-lowering fibrates have been developed in the 1960s–1980s before their molecular target, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), was identified. Twenty-one ligand-bound PPARα structures have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank since 2001; however, binding modes of fibrates and physiological ligands remain unknown. Here we show thirty-four X-ray crystallographic structures of the PPARα ligand-binding domain, which are composed of a “Center” and four “Arm” regions, in complexes with five endogenous fatty acids, six fibrates in clinical use, and six synthetic PPARα agonists. High-resolution structural analyses, in combination with coactivator recruitment and thermostability assays, demonstrate that stearic and palmitic acids are presumably physiological ligands; coordination to Arm III is important for high PPARα potency/selectivity of pemafibrate and GW7647; and agonistic activities of four fibrates are enhanced by the partial agonist GW9662. These results renew our understanding of PPARα ligand recognition and contribute to the molecular design of next-generation PPAR-targeted drugs. X-ray crystallography reveals 34 high-resolution human PPARα-ligand structures Stearic acid and palmitic acid are presumably physiological PPARα ligands Coordination to Arm III domain is important for high PPARα potency/selectivity Agonistic activities of four fibrates are enhanced by the partial agonist GW9662
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Kamata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Takuji Oyama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kenta Saito
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Akihiro Honda
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yume Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suda
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Itoh
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
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19
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Li J, Cao H, Feng H, Xue Q, Zhang A, Fu J. Evaluation of the Estrogenic/Antiestrogenic Activities of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Their Interactions with the Human Estrogen Receptor by Combining In Vitro Assays and In Silico Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14514-14524. [PMID: 33111528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The potential estrogenic activities of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are controversial. Here, we investigated the estrogenic/antiestrogenic activities of PFASs and explored the corresponding interaction mode of PFASs with the estrogen receptor (ER) by combining in vitro assays and in silico modeling. We found that three PFASs (perfluorobutanoic acid, perfluorobutane sulfonate, and perfluoropentanoic acid) exerted antiestrogenic effects by inhibiting luciferase activity, whereas perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exerted estrogenic effects by inducing luciferase activity. When coexposed to 17β-estradiol (E2), all tested PFASs attenuated the E2-stimulated luciferase activity; unexpectedly, each PFAS could further attenuate the luciferase activity generated by the cotreatment with ICI 182,780 and E2, with a minimal effective concentration comparable to that found in human serum. PFHxS and PFOS significantly induced the gene expression of TFF1; additionally, all PFASs inhibited the E2-induced gene expression of TFF1 and EGR3. Furthermore, the results of the blind docking analyses suggested that the interaction with the coactivator-binding region on the ER surface should be included as a pathway through which PFASs exert estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities. Finally, we revealed the critical molecular property of the zero-order molecular connectivity index (MCI) (0χ) that affects the antiestrogenic activity of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huiming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Hongru Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
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20
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Han Y, Liu J, Ahn S, An S, Ko H, Shin JC, Jin SH, Ki MW, Lee SH, Lee KH, Shin SS, Choi WJ, Noh M. Diallyl Biphenyl-Type Neolignans Have a Pharmacophore of PPARα/γ Dual Modulators. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:397-404. [PMID: 32576717 PMCID: PMC7457167 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin secretion-promoting compounds have therapeutic potentials in human metabolic diseases. Diallyl biphenyl-type neolignan compounds, magnolol, honokiol, and 4-O-methylhonokiol, from a Magnolia officinalis extract were screened as adiponectin-secretion promoting compounds in the adipogenic differentiation model of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). In a target identification study, magnolol, honokiol, and 4-O-methylhonokiol were elucidated as PPARα and PPARγ dual modulators. Diallyl biphenyl-type neolignans affected the transcription of lipid metabolism-associated genes in a different way compared to those of specific PPAR ligands. The diallyl biphenyl-type neolignan structure provides a novel pharmacophore of PPARα/γ dual modulators, which may have unique therapeutic potentials in diverse metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Han
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungchan An
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeayoung C Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Won Ki
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hun Lee
- SK Bioland, Cheongju 28162, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Won Jun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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21
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Protein-ligand binding with the coarse-grained Martini model. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3714. [PMID: 32709852 PMCID: PMC7382508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The detailed understanding of the binding of small molecules to proteins is the key for the development of novel drugs or to increase the acceptance of substrates by enzymes. Nowadays, computer-aided design of protein–ligand binding is an important tool to accomplish this task. Current approaches typically rely on high-throughput docking essays or computationally expensive atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we present an approach to use the recently re-parametrized coarse-grained Martini model to perform unbiased millisecond sampling of protein–ligand interactions of small drug-like molecules. Remarkably, we achieve high accuracy without the need of any a priori knowledge of binding pockets or pathways. Our approach is applied to a range of systems from the well-characterized T4 lysozyme over members of the GPCR family and nuclear receptors to a variety of enzymes. The presented results open the way to high-throughput screening of ligand libraries or protein mutations using the coarse-grained Martini model. Computer-aided design of protein-ligand binding is important for the development of novel drugs. Here authors present an approach to use the recently re-parametrized coarse-grained Martini model to perform unbiased millisecond sampling of protein-ligand binding interactions of small drug-like molecules.
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22
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Kaupang Å, Hansen TV. The PPAR Ω Pocket: Renewed Opportunities for Drug Development. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:9657380. [PMID: 32695150 PMCID: PMC7351019 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9657380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade of PPARγ research has dramatically improved our understanding of the structural and mechanistic bases for the diverging physiological effects of different classes of PPARγ ligands. The discoveries that lie at the heart of these developments have enabled the design of a new class of PPARγ ligands, capable of isolating central therapeutic effects of PPARγ modulation, while displaying markedly lower toxicities than previous generations of PPARγ ligands. This review examines the emerging framework around the design of these ligands and seeks to unite its principles with the development of new classes of ligands for PPARα and PPARβ/δ. The focus is on the relationships between the binding modes of ligands, their influence on PPAR posttranslational modifications, and gene expression patterns. Specifically, we encourage the design and study of ligands that primarily bind to the Ω pockets of PPARα and PPARβ/δ. In support of this development, we highlight already reported ligands that if studied in the context of this new framework may further our understanding of the gene programs regulated by PPARα and PPARβ/δ. Moreover, recently developed pharmacological tools that can be utilized in the search for ligands with new binding modes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsmund Kaupang
- Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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23
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Yoshida T, Oki H, Doi M, Fukuda S, Yuzuriha T, Tabata R, Ishimoto K, Kawahara K, Ohkubo T, Miyachi H, Doi T, Tachibana K. Structural Basis for PPARα Activation by 1H-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridine Derivatives. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7623. [PMID: 32376995 PMCID: PMC7203124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule agonism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a ligand-activated transcriptional factor involved in regulating fatty acid metabolism, is an important approach for treating dyslipidemia. Here, we determined the structures of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of PPARα in complex with 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives, which were recently identified as PPARα-selective activators with markedly different structures from those of the well-known PPARα agonists fibrates. The crystal structures of the complexes showed that they form a canonical hydrogen-bond network involving helix 12 in the LBD, which is thought to be essential for PPARα activation, as also observed for fibrates. However, the phenyl side chain of the compounds occupies a small cavity between Ile272 and Ile354, which is rarely accessed by fibrates. This unique feature may be essential for subtype selectivity and combine with the well-characterized binding mode of fibrates to improve activity. These findings demonstrate the advantage of using 1H-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridine as a skeleton of PPARα agonists and provide insight into the design of molecules for treating dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroya Oki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michihiro Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Syohei Fukuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yuzuriha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Tabata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kawahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadayasu Ohkubo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Drug Discover Initiative, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bynkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tachibana
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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24
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Dou X, Nath D, Shin H, Nurmemmedov E, Bourne PC, Ma JX, Duerfeldt AS. Evolution of a 4-Benzyloxy-benzylamino Chemotype to Provide Efficacious, Potent, and Isoform Selective PPARα Agonists as Leads for Retinal Disorders. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2854-2876. [PMID: 32096640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is expressed in retinal Müller cells, endothelial cells, and in retinal pigment epithelium; agonism of PPARα with genetic or pharmacological tools ameliorates inflammation, vascular leakage, neurodegeneration, and neovascularization associated with retinal diseases in animal models. As such, PPARα is a promising drug target for diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Herein, we report proof-of-concept in vivo efficacy in an streptozotocin-induced vascular leakage model (rat) and preliminary pharmacokinetic assessment of a first-generation lead 4a (A91). Additionally, we present the design, synthesis, and evaluation of second-generation analogues, which led to the discovery of 4u and related compounds that reach cellular potencies <50 nM and exhibit >2,700-fold selectivity for PPARα over other PPAR isoforms. These studies identify a pipeline of candidates positioned for detailed PK/PD and pre-clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Dou
- Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Dinesh Nath
- Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Henry Shin
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Elmar Nurmemmedov
- John Wayne Cancer Institute & Pacific Neuroscience Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Boulevard, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Philip C Bourne
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Adam S Duerfeldt
- Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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25
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Kawasaki M, Kambe A, Yamamoto Y, Arulmozhiraja S, Ito S, Nakagawa Y, Tokiwa H, Nakano S, Shimano H. Elucidation of Molecular Mechanism of a Selective PPARα Modulator, Pemafibrate, through Combinational Approaches of X-ray Crystallography, Thermodynamic Analysis, and First-Principle Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E361. [PMID: 31935812 PMCID: PMC6981837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective PPARα modulator (SPPARMα) is expected to medicate dyslipidemia with minimizing adverse effects. Recently, pemafibrate was screened from the ligand library as an SPPARMα bearing strong potency. Several clinical pieces of evidence have proved the usefulness of pemafibrate as a medication; however, how pemafibrate works as a SPPARMα at the molecular level is not fully known. In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanism behind its novel SPPARMα character through a combination of approaches of X-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and fragment molecular orbital (FMO) analysis. ITC measurements have indicated that pemafibrate binds more strongly to PPARα than to PPARγ. The crystal structure of PPARα-ligand binding domain (LBD)/pemafibrate/steroid receptor coactivator-1 peptide (SRC1) determined at 3.2 Å resolution indicates that pemafibrate binds to the ligand binding pocket (LBP) of PPARα in a Y-shaped form. The structure also reveals that the conformation of the phenoxyalkyl group in pemafibrate is flexible in the absence of SRC1 coactivator peptide bound to PPARα; this gives a freedom for the phenoxyalkyl group to adopt structural changes induced by the binding of coactivators. FMO calculations have indicated that the accumulation of hydrophobic interactions provided by the residues at the LBP improve the interaction between pemafibrate and PPARα compared with the interaction between fenofibrate and PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Kawasaki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.K.); (A.K.); (S.I.)
| | - Akira Kambe
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.K.); (A.K.); (S.I.)
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (H.T.)
| | - Sundaram Arulmozhiraja
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (H.T.)
| | - Sohei Ito
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.K.); (A.K.); (S.I.)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-1004, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan;
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tokiwa
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (H.T.)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-1004, Japan
- Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Shogo Nakano
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.K.); (A.K.); (S.I.)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-1004, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-1004, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan;
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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26
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Maccarrone M. Missing Pieces to the Endocannabinoid Puzzle. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:263-272. [PMID: 31822395 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The most bioactive ingredient of cannabis (Cannabis sativa or indica) extracts, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), was identified in the 1960s as one of more than 110 phytocannabinoids. It activates receptors of chemically different endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) that, unlike THC, are metabolized by several enzymes of the endocannabinoid system. Here, the complexity of the plant-derived and endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs) is discussed, to better appreciate the challenge of: (i) dissecting their mutual interactions; (ii) understanding their impact on human pathophysiology; and (iii) exploiting them for human disease. To this aim, missing pieces to the eCB puzzle must be urgently found, by solving the 3D structures of key components, and interrogating noncanonical modes of regulation and trafficking of these lipid signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy.
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27
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Gong Y, Zhang H, Geng N, Ren X, Giesy JP, Luo Y, Xing L, Wu P, Yu Z, Chen J. Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) disrupt hepatic fatty acid metabolism in liver of male rat via interacting with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:164-171. [PMID: 31185430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are frequently detected in environmental matrices and human tissues. It was hypothesized that SCCPs might interact with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). In the present study, an in vitro, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and in silico molecular docking analysis were employed together to study the interactions between SCCPs congeners and PPARα. Expressions of genes downstream in pathways activated by PPARα in liver of rats exposed to 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg bm/d of C10-13-CPs (56.5% Cl) for 28 days were examined to confirm activation potencies of SCCPs toward PPARα signaling. Effects of exposure to C10-13-CPs (56.5% Cl) on fatty acid metabolism in rat liver were also explored via a pseudo-targeted metabolomics strategy. Our results showed that C10-13-CPs (56.5% Cl) caused a dose-dependent greater expression of luciferase activity of rat PPARα. Molecular docking modeling revealed that SCCPs had a strong capacity to bind with PPARα only through hydrophobic interactions and the binding affinity was dependent on the degree of chlorination in SCCPs congeners. In livers of male rats, exposure to 100 mg/kg bm/d of C10-13-CPs (56.5% Cl) resulted in up-regulated expressions of 11 genes that are downstream in the PPARα-activated pathway and regulate catabolism of fatty acid. Consistently, accelerated fatty acid oxidation was observed mainly characterized by lesser concentrations of ∑fatty acids in livers of rats. Overall, these results demonstrated, for the first time, that SCCPs could activate rat PPARα signaling and thereby disrupt metabolism of fatty acid in livers of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ningbo Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5B4, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco TX, 76706, Texas, United States
| | - Yun Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liguo Xing
- Safety Evaluation Center of Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Ltd, Shenyang, 110021, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhengkun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
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28
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Bermejo A, Collado A, Barrachina I, Marqués P, El Aouad N, Franck X, Garibotto F, Dacquet C, Caignard DH, Suvire FD, Enriz RD, Piqueras L, Figadère B, Sanz MJ, Cabedo N, Cortes D. Polycerasoidol, a Natural Prenylated Benzopyran with a Dual PPARα/PPARγ Agonist Activity and Anti-inflammatory Effect. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1802-1812. [PMID: 31268307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α/γ (PPARα/γ) agonists regulate both lipid and glucose homeostasis under different metabolic conditions and can exert anti-inflammatory activity. We investigated the potential dual PPARα/γ agonism of prenylated benzopyrans polycerasoidol (1) and polycerasoidin (2) and their derivatives for novel drug development. Nine semisynthetic derivatives were prepared from the natural polycerasoidol (1) and polycerasoidin (2), which were evaluated for PPARα, -γ, -δ and retinoid X receptor-α activity in transactivation assays. Polycerasoidol (1) exhibited potent dual PPARα/γ agonism and low cytotoxicity. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that a free phenol group at C-6 and a carboxylic acid at C-9' were key features for dual PPARα/γ agonism activity. Molecular modeling indicated the relevance of these groups for optimal ligand binding to the PPARα and PPARγ domains. In addition, polycerasoidol (1) exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting mononuclear leukocyte adhesion to the dysfunctional endothelium in a concentration-dependent manner via RXRα/PPARγ interactions. Therefore, polycerasoidol (1) can be considered a hit-to-lead molecule for the further development of novel dual PPARα/γ agonists capable of preventing cardiovascular events associated with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Bermejo
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Valencia , 46113 Valencia Spain
- Center of Citriculture and Vegetal Production , IVIA , Moncada, 46100 Valencia , Spain
| | - Aida Collado
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Valencia , 46113 Valencia Spain
| | - Isabel Barrachina
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Valencia , 46113 Valencia Spain
| | - Patrice Marqués
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Valencia , 46113 Valencia Spain
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA , University Clinic Hospital of Valencia , 46010 Valencia , Spain
| | | | - Xavier Franck
- UMR CNRS 6014/FR 3038, COBRA, Université de Rouen , Mont-Saint-Aignan 76821 , France
| | - Francisco Garibotto
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de San Luis-IMIBIO-SL-CONICET , Chacabuco 915 , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Catherine Dacquet
- Départament des Sciences Expérimentales , Institut de Recherches Servier , Suresnes 92150 , France
| | - Daniel H Caignard
- Départament des Sciences Expérimentales , Institut de Recherches Servier , Suresnes 92150 , France
| | - Fernando D Suvire
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de San Luis-IMIBIO-SL-CONICET , Chacabuco 915 , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Ricardo D Enriz
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de San Luis-IMIBIO-SL-CONICET , Chacabuco 915 , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Laura Piqueras
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Valencia , 46113 Valencia Spain
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA , University Clinic Hospital of Valencia , 46010 Valencia , Spain
| | - Bruno Figadère
- UMR CNRS 8076, LERMIT , Université Paris-Sud, UFR de Pharmacie , Châtenay-Malabry 92290 , France
| | - María-Jesús Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Valencia , 46113 Valencia Spain
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA , University Clinic Hospital of Valencia , 46010 Valencia , Spain
| | - Nuria Cabedo
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Valencia , 46113 Valencia Spain
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA , University Clinic Hospital of Valencia , 46010 Valencia , Spain
| | - Diego Cortes
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Valencia , 46113 Valencia Spain
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29
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Routti H, Berg MK, Lille-Langøy R, Øygarden L, Harju M, Dietz R, Sonne C, Goksøyr A. Environmental contaminants modulate the transcriptional activity of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA). Sci Rep 2019; 9:6918. [PMID: 31061404 PMCID: PMC6502799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alfa (PPARA/NR1C1) is a ligand activated nuclear receptor that is a key regulator of lipid metabolism in tissues with high fatty acid catabolism such as the liver. Here, we cloned PPARA from polar bear liver tissue and studied in vitro transactivation of polar bear and human PPARA by environmental contaminants using a luciferase reporter assay. Six hinge and ligand-binding domain amino acids have been substituted in polar bear PPARA compared to human PPARA. Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) and perfluorosulfonic acids induced the transcriptional activity of both human and polar bear PPARA. The most abundant PFCA in polar bear tissue, perfluorononanoate, increased polar bear PPARA-mediated luciferase activity to a level comparable to that of the potent PPARA agonist WY-14643 (~8-fold, 25 μM). Several brominated flame retardants were weak agonists of human and polar bear PPARA. While single exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls did not, or only slightly, increase the transcriptional activity of PPARA, a technical mixture of PCBs (Aroclor 1254) strongly induced the transcriptional activity of human (~8-fold) and polar bear PPARA (~22-fold). Polar bear PPARA was both quantitatively and qualitatively more susceptible than human PPARA to transactivation by less lipophilic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Routti
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Mari K Berg
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roger Lille-Langøy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lene Øygarden
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mikael Harju
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rune Dietz
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
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30
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Meijer FA, Leijten-van de Gevel IA, de Vries RMJM, Brunsveld L. Allosteric small molecule modulators of nuclear receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 485:20-34. [PMID: 30703487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Receptors (NRs) are multi-domain proteins, whose natural regulation occurs via ligands for a classical, orthosteric, binding pocket and via intra- and inter-domain allosteric mechanisms. Allosteric modulation of NRs via synthetic small molecules has recently emerged as an interesting entry to address the need for small molecules targeting NRs in pathology, via novel modes of action and with beneficial profiles. In this review the general concept of allosteric modulation in drug discovery is first discussed, serving as a background and inspiration for NRs. Subsequently, the review focuses on examples of small molecules that allosterically modulate NRs, with a strong focus on structural information and the ligand binding domain. Recently discovered nanomolar potent allosteric site NR modulators are catapulting allosteric targeting of NRs to the center of attention. The obtained insights serve as a basis for recommendations for the next steps to take in allosteric small molecular targeting of NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke A Meijer
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Iris A Leijten-van de Gevel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Rens M J M de Vries
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidative Potentials of Onion ( Allium cepa L.) Extract Fermented with a Novel Lactobacillus casei HD-010. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3269047. [PMID: 30941192 PMCID: PMC6421041 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3269047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative potentials of onion (Allium cepa L.) extract fermented with a novel Lactobacillus casei HD-010. In general, fermented onion extract is used for its antioxidative activity (ORAC), inhibitory effect on adipocytes differentiation, quercetin contents, and antihyperlipidemic activities. However, the effect of fermented onion extract on hyperlipidemia after oral administration using ApoE-deficient mice has not been reported yet. To understand the effect of fermented onion extract on hyperlipidemia, we used benzafibrate (10 mg/kg, bw/day) as a positive control in the present study. Serum was collected every week to analyze levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol, 3-hydroxy-3-methylgutaryi-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity, and cholesterol ester transport protein (CETP) activity. In the fermented onion-treated group, HDL level was significantly increased while levels of TG and LDL were significantly decreased compared to those in the control group. In addition, the inhibition activity of HMG-CoA reductase was increased 20% in the fermented onion-treated group at 100 mg/kg. CETP activity has been observed to be significantly inhibited in the fermented onion-treated groups compared to that in the control group. These results suggest that fermented onion has a preventive/therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemic disease. It might have potential to be developed as a functional food.
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Ishibashi H, Hirano M, Kim EY, Iwata H. In Vitro and In Silico Evaluations of Binding Affinities of Perfluoroalkyl Substances to Baikal Seal and Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2181-2188. [PMID: 30649875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the binding affinities of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), to the ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of Baikal seal ( Pusa sibirica; bs) and human (h) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). An in vitro competitive binding assay showed that six PFCAs and two PFSAs could bind to recombinant bs and hPPARα LBD proteins in a dose-dependent manner. The relative binding affinities (RBAs) of PFASs to bsPPARα were as follows: PFOS > PFDA > PFNA > PFUnDA > PFOA > PFHxS > PFHpA > PFHxA. The RBAs to bsPPARα showed a significant positive correlation with those to hPPARα. In silico PPARα homology modeling predicted that there were two ligand-binding pockets (LBPs) in the bsPPARα and hPPARα LBDs. Structure-activity relationship analyses suggested that the binding potencies of PFASs to PPARα might depend on LBP binding cavity volume, hydrogen bond interactions, the number of perfluorinated carbons, and the hydrophobicity of PFASs. Interspecies comparison of the in vitro binding affinities revealed that bsPPARα had higher preference for PFASs with long carbon chains than hPPARα. The in silico docking simulations suggested that the first LBP of bsPPARα had higher affinities than that of hPPARα; however, the second LBP of bsPPARα had lower affinities than that of hPPARα. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence showing interspecies differences in the binding of PFASs to PPARαs and their structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES) , Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5 , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture , Ehime University , 3-5-7 Tarumi , Matsuyama 790-8566 , Japan
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Department of Biological and Chemical Systems Engineering , National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto College , 2627 Hirayama-shinmachi , Yatsushiro , Kumamoto 866-8501 , Japan
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and Department of Biology , Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-Dong , Dongdaemun-Gu , Seoul 130-701 , Korea
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES) , Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5 , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
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The role of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-α in mediating the antinociceptive effects of palmitoylethanolamine in rats. Neuroreport 2019; 30:32-37. [PMID: 30418420 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) is a ligand at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-α (PPARα), a nuclear receptor that has anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain model in rats and in-vitro calcium imaging studies were used to evaluate the mechanisms that underlie the antinociceptive effects of PEA, including modulating the activity of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1, which is a key receptor involved in the development of inflammatory pain. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-250 g) received subcutaneous injections of CFA (0.1 ml) into the plantar surface of the left hind paw. Von Frey filaments were used to determine the paw withdrawal threshold. PEA (50 µg), WY14643 (50 µg, a selective PPARα agonist) were injected into the plantar surface of the left hind paw at day 7 after CFA injection, and behavioral tests were repeated 6 h after drug administration. Rats were killed and dorsal root ganglia neurons were dissected and prepared for calcium imaging. Neurons were loaded with the calcium-sensitive ratiometric dye Fura-2AM. Changes in [Ca]i were measured as ratios of peak florescence at excitation wavelengths of 340 and 380 nm and expressed as a percentage of the KCl (60 mM) response. Both PEA and WY14643 significantly restored the paw withdrawal threshold in a PPARα-dependent fashion (P<0.01). Capsaicin of 15 nM produced 63.9±13.4% of KCl response. Preincubation of dorsal root ganglia neurons with PEA 6 h before stimulation with capsaicin, significantly reduce capsaicin-evoked calcium responses (42.9±6.4% of KCl response, n=54, P<0.001). In conclusion, modulating transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 activity could provide the mechanism that underlies PEA antinociceptive effects observed in vivo.
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Wang YJ, Lee SC, Hsu CH, Kuo YH, Yang CC, Lin FJ. Antcins, triterpenoids from Antrodia cinnamomea, as new agonists for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:295-304. [PMID: 30648583 PMCID: PMC9298643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear hormone receptor that transcriptionally regulates lipid metabolism and inflammation; therefore, PPARα agonists are promising agents to treat dyslipidemia and metabolic disorders. PPARα full agonists, such as fibrates, are effective anti-hypertriglyceride agents, but their use is limited by adverse side effects. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify small molecules that can activate PPARα while minimizing the adverse effects. Antrodia cinnamomea, a rare medical mushroom, has been used widely in Asian countries for the treatment of various diseases, including liver diseases. Antcin B, H and K (antcins) and ergostatrien-3β-ol (EK100) are bioactive compounds isolated from A. cinnamomea with anti-inflammatory actions. Antcins, ergostane-type triterpenoids, contain the polar head with carboxylate group and the sterol-based body. Here, we showed at the first time that sterol-based compounds, antcins, but not EK100, activate PPARα in a cell-based transactivation study. The in silico docking studies presented several significant molecular interactions of antcins, including Tyr314, and His440 in the ligand-binding domain of PPARα, and these interactions are required for helix 12 (H12) stabilization. We propose that PPARα activation activity of antcins is related to their binding mode which requires conventional H12 stabilization, and that antcins can be developed as safe selective PPARα modulators.
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Mottin M, Borba JVVB, Melo-Filho CC, Neves BJ, Muratov E, Torres PHM, Braga RC, Perryman A, Ekins S, Andrade CH. Computational drug discovery for the Zika virus. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Junior Neves
- Federal University of Goiás, Brazil; University Center of Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Eugene Muratov
- University of North Carolin, USA; Odessa National Polytechnic University, Ukraine
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Zhou Y, Yang W, Li Z, Luo D, Li W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Fang M, Chen Q, Jin X. Moringa oleifera stem extract protect skin keratinocytes against oxidative stress injury by enhancement of antioxidant defense systems and activation of PPARα. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Kim SO, Han Y, Ahn S, An S, Shin JC, Choi H, Kim HJ, Park NH, Kim YJ, Jin SH, Rho HS, Noh M. Kojyl cinnamate esters are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ dual agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5654-5663. [PMID: 30352713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-aging properties. Compounds with the ability to promote adiponectin secretion are of interest for the development of anti-aging drugs to improve skin-aging phenotypes. In the phenotypic assay to measure adiponectin secretion during adipogenesis in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAT-MSCs), kojyl cinnamate ester derivatives increased adiponectin secretion. A target identification study showed that the kojyl cinnamate ester derivatives competitively bound to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ (PPARα/γ). The upregulation of adiponectin production induced by kojyl cinnamate ester derivatives was significantly correlated with PPARα and PPARγ binding activities. Kojyl cinnamate ester derivatives significantly increased the transcription of genes encoding cholesterol and fatty acid synthesizing enzymes in hAT-MSCs. Notably, the kojyl cinnamate esters upregulated the gene transcription of lipid metabolic enzymes in human epidermal keratinocytes, which are important in the integrity of skin permeability barrier. In addition, the kojyl cinnamate esters that function as PPARα/γ dual modulators inhibited ultraviolet B irradiation-induced inflammation in human epidermal keratinocytes. Therefore, kojyl cinnamate ester derivatives are a novel class of PPARα/γ dual agonists with the potential to improve skin-aging phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae On Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujia Han
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungchan An
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeayoung C Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Choi
- AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeounggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeounggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Nok Hyun Park
- AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeounggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeounggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sik Rho
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, The University of Suwon, Gyeounggi-do 18323, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Young PA, Senkal CE, Suchanek AL, Grevengoed TJ, Lin DD, Zhao L, Crunk AE, Klett EL, Füllekrug J, Obeid LM, Coleman RA. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 interacts with key proteins that activate and direct fatty acids into niche hepatic pathways. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16724-16740. [PMID: 30190326 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid channeling into oxidation or storage modes depends on physiological conditions and hormonal signaling. However, the directionality of this channeling may also depend on the association of each of the five acyl-CoA synthetase isoforms with specific protein partners. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs) catalyze the conversion of long-chain fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoAs, which are then either oxidized or used in esterification reactions. In highly oxidative tissues, ACSL1 is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and directs fatty acids into mitochondria for β-oxidation. In the liver, however, about 50% of ACSL1 is located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where its metabolic function is unclear. Because hepatic fatty acid partitioning is likely to require the interaction of ACSL1 with other specific proteins, we used an unbiased protein interaction technique, BioID, to discover ACSL1-binding partners in hepatocytes. We targeted ACSL1 either to the ER or to the OMM of Hepa 1-6 cells as a fusion protein with the Escherichia coli biotin ligase, BirA*. Proteomic analysis identified 98 proteins that specifically interacted with ACSL1 at the ER, 55 at the OMM, and 43 common to both subcellular locations. We found subsets of peroxisomal and lipid droplet proteins, tethering proteins, and vesicle proteins, uncovering a dynamic role for ACSL1 in organelle and lipid droplet interactions. Proteins involved in lipid metabolism were also identified, including acyl-CoA-binding proteins and ceramide synthase isoforms 2 and 5. Our results provide fundamental and detailed insights into protein interaction networks that control fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Can E Senkal
- the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric L Klett
- From the Departments of Nutrition and.,Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Joachim Füllekrug
- the Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Otto-Meyerhof-Zentrum, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lina M Obeid
- the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, and
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Dou XZ, Nath D, Shin Y, Ma JX, Duerfeldt AS. Structure-guided evolution of a 2-phenyl-4-carboxyquinoline chemotype into PPARα selective agonists: New leads for oculovascular conditions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2717-2722. [PMID: 29628329 PMCID: PMC6119630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule agonism of PPARα represents a promising new avenue for the development of non-invasive treatments for oculovascular diseases like diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Herein we report initial structure-activity relationships for the newly identified quinoline-based PPARα agonist, Y-0452. Preliminary computational studies led to the hypothesis that carboxylic acid transposition and deconstruction of the Y-0452 quinoline system would enhance ligand-protein interactions and better complement the nature of the binding pocket. A focused subset of analogs was designed, synthesized, and assessed for PPARα agonism. Two key observations arose from this work 1) contrary to other PPARα agonists, incorporation of the fibrate "head-group" decreases PPARα selectivity and instead provides pan-PPAR agonists and 2) computational models reveal a relatively unexploited amphiphilic pocket in PPARα that provides new opportunities for the development of novel agonists. As an example, compound 10 exhibits more potent PPARα agonism (EC50 = ∼6 µM) than Y-0452 (EC50 = ∼50 µM) and manifests >20-fold selectivity for PPARα over the PPARγ and PPARδ isoforms. More detailed biochemical analysis of 10 confirms typical downstream responses of PPARα agonism including PPARα upregulation, induction of target genes, and inhibition of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zheng Dou
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Dinesh Nath
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Younghwa Shin
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Adam S Duerfeldt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States.
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40
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Schafer C, Moore V, Dasgupta N, Javadov S, James JF, Glukhov AI, Strauss AW, Khuchua Z. The Effects of PPAR Stimulation on Cardiac Metabolic Pathways in Barth Syndrome Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:318. [PMID: 29695963 PMCID: PMC5904206 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Tafazzin knockdown (TazKD) in mice is widely used to create an experimental model of Barth syndrome (BTHS) that exhibits dilated cardiomyopathy and impaired exercise capacity. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that play essential roles as transcription factors in the regulation of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. We hypothesized that the activation of PPAR signaling with PPAR agonist bezafibrate (BF) may ameliorate impaired cardiac and skeletal muscle function in TazKD mice. This study examined the effects of BF on cardiac function, exercise capacity, and metabolic status in the heart of TazKD mice. Additionally, we elucidated the impact of PPAR activation on molecular pathways in TazKD hearts. Methods: BF (0.05% w/w) was given to TazKD mice with rodent chow. Cardiac function in wild type-, TazKD-, and BF-treated TazKD mice was evaluated by echocardiography. Exercise capacity was evaluated by exercising mice on the treadmill until exhaustion. The impact of BF on metabolic pathways was evaluated by analyzing the total transcriptome of the heart by RNA sequencing. Results: The uptake of BF during a 4-month period at a clinically relevant dose effectively protected the cardiac left ventricular systolic function in TazKD mice. BF alone did not improve the exercise capacity however, in combination with everyday voluntary running on the running wheel BF significantly ameliorated the impaired exercise capacity in TazKD mice. Analysis of cardiac transcriptome revealed that BF upregulated PPAR downstream target genes involved in a wide spectrum of metabolic (energy and protein) pathways as well as chromatin modification and RNA processing. In addition, the Ostn gene, which encodes the metabolic hormone musclin, is highly induced in TazKD myocardium and human failing hearts, likely as a compensatory response to diminished bioenergetic homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: The PPAR agonist BF at a clinically relevant dose has the therapeutic potential to attenuate cardiac dysfunction, and possibly exercise intolerance in BTHS. The role of musclin in the failing heart should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Schafer
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vicky Moore
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nupur Dasgupta
- The Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jeanne F James
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alexander I Glukhov
- Department of Biochemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arnold W Strauss
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Zaza Khuchua
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Yamamoto Y, Takei K, Arulmozhiraja S, Sladek V, Matsuo N, Han SI, Matsuzaka T, Sekiya M, Tokiwa T, Shoji M, Shigeta Y, Nakagawa Y, Tokiwa H, Shimano H. Molecular association model of PPARα and its new specific and efficient ligand, pemafibrate: Structural basis for SPPARMα. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:239-245. [PMID: 29567478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis and improves hypertriglyceridemia. Pemafibrate is a novel selective PPARα modulator (SPPARMα) that activates PPARα transcriptional activity. Here, we computationally constructed the structure of the human PPARα in a complex with pemafibrate, along with that of hPPARα complexed with the classical fenofibrate, and studied their interactions quantitatively by using the first-principles calculations-based fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method. Comprehensive structural and protein-ligand binding elucidation along with the in vitro luciferase analysis let us to identify pemafibrate as a novel SPPARMα. Unlike known fibrate ligands, which bind only with the arm I of the Y-shaped ligand binding pocket, the Y-shaped pemafibrate binds to the entire cavity region. This lock and key nature causes enhanced induced fit in pemafibrate-ligated PPARα. Importantly, this selective modulator allosterically changes PPARα conformation to form a brand-new interface, which in turn binds to PPARα co-activator, PGC-1α, resulting in the full activation of PPARα. The structural basis for the potent effects of pemafibrate on PPARα transcriptional activity predicted by the in silico FMO methods was confirmed by in vitro luciferase assay for mutants. The unique binding mode of pemafibrate reveals a new pattern of nuclear receptor ligand recognition and suggests a novel basis for ligand design, offering cues for improving the binding affinity and selectivity of ligand for better clinical consequences. The findings explain the high affinity and efficacy of pemafibrate, which is expected to be in the clinical use soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Takei
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Sundaram Arulmozhiraja
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan; Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Vladimir Sladek
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan; Institute of Chemistry - Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Song-Iee Han
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Takaki Tokiwa
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shoji
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tokiwa
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan; Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
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Li CH, Ren XM, Ruan T, Cao LY, Xin Y, Guo LH, Jiang G. Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonates Exhibit Higher Activity toward Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Signaling Pathways than Perfluorooctanesulfonate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3232-3239. [PMID: 29389105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates (Cl-PFAESs) are the alternative products of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in the metal plating industry in China. The similarity in chemical structures between Cl-PFAESs and PFOS makes it reasonable to assume they possess similar biological activities. In the present study, we investigated whether Cl-PFAESs could induce cellular effects through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) signaling pathways like PFOS. By using fluorescence competitive binding assay, we found two dominant Cl-PFAESs (6:2 Cl-PFAES and 8:2 Cl-PFAES) bound to PPARs with affinity higher than PFOS. Based on the luciferase reporter gene transcription assay, the two Cl-PFAESs also showed agonistic activity toward PPARs signaling pathways with potency similar to (6:2 Cl-PFAES) or higher than (8:2 Cl-PFAES) PFOS. Molecular docking simulation showed the two Cl-PFAESs fitted into the ligand binding pockets of PPARs with very similar binding mode as PFOS. The cell function results showed Cl-PFAESs promoted the process of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells with potency higher than PFOS. Taken together, we found for the first time that Cl-PFAESs have the ability to interfere with PPARs signaling pathways, and current exposure level of 6:2 Cl-PFAES in occupational workers has exceeded the margin of safety. Our study highlights the potential health risks of Cl-PFAESs as PFOS alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
| | - Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
| | - Lin-Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
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Boubia B, Poupardin O, Barth M, Binet J, Peralba P, Mounier L, Jacquier E, Gauthier E, Lepais V, Chatar M, Ferry S, Thourigny A, Guillier F, Llacer J, Amaudrut J, Dodey P, Lacombe O, Masson P, Montalbetti C, Wettstein G, Luccarini JM, Legendre C, Junien JL, Broqua P. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Novel Series of Indole Sulfonamide Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) α/γ/δ Triple Activators: Discovery of Lanifibranor, a New Antifibrotic Clinical Candidate. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2246-2265. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stéphanie Ferry
- Novalix, Boulevard Sebastien Brant Bioparc, 67405 Illkirch, France
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Cao H, Li X, Zhang W, Wang L, Pan Y, Zhou Z, Chen M, Zhang A, Liang Y, Song M. Anti-estrogenic activity of tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate through disruption of co-activator recruitment: experimental and computational studies. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1471-1482. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist suppresses neovascularization by reducing both vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2 in corneal alkali burn. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17763. [PMID: 29259285 PMCID: PMC5736552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist ophthalmic solution in wound healing using a rat corneal alkali burn model. After instillation of a selective agonist of PPARα, fenofibrate, onto the burned cornea, PPARα-positive cells were observed in vascular endothelial cells, and there was upregulation of mRNA of PPARα in corneal stroma. Fenofibrate suppressed expression of neutrophils and macrophages during the early phase, and development of neovascularization and myofibroblast generation during the late phase. Fenofibrate reduced not only mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A but also angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2. Furthermore, fenofibrate suppressed scar formation by reducing type III collagen expression. These data suggest that a PPARα agonist ophthalmic solution might be a new strategy for treating corneal wounds through not only anti-inflammatory effects but also by preventing neovascularization.
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46
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Structures of PPARγ complexed with lobeglitazone and pioglitazone reveal key determinants for the recognition of antidiabetic drugs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16837. [PMID: 29203903 PMCID: PMC5715099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPAR) γ is a nuclear hormone receptor that regulates glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and adipocyte function. PPARγ is a target for thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of drugs which are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Recently, lobeglitazone was developed as a highly effective TZD with reduced side effects by Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceuticals. To identify the structural determinants for the high potency of lobeglitazone as a PPARγ agonist, we determined the crystal structures of the PPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) in complex with lobeglitazone and pioglitazone at 1.7 and 1.8 Å resolutions, respectively. Comparison of ligand-bound PPARγ structures revealed that the binding modes of TZDs are well conserved. The TZD head group forms hydrogen bonds with the polar residues in the AF-2 pocket and helix 12, stabilizing the active conformation of the LBD. The unique p-methoxyphenoxy group of lobeglitazone makes additional hydrophobic contacts with the Ω-pocket. Docking analysis using the structures of TZD-bound PPARγ suggested that lobeglitazone displays 12 times higher affinity to PPARγ compared to rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. This structural difference correlates with the enhanced affinity and the low effective dose of lobeglitazone compared to the other TZDs.
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47
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Rescigno T, Capasso A, Tecce MF. Involvement of nutrients and nutritional mediators in mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene expression. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3306-3314. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rescigno
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno Italy
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48
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Neuhaus W, Krämer T, Neuhoff A, Gölz C, Thal SC, Förster CY. Multifaceted Mechanisms of WY-14643 to Stabilize the Blood-Brain Barrier in a Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:149. [PMID: 28603485 PMCID: PMC5445138 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is damaged during ischemic insults such as traumatic brain injury or stroke. This contributes to vasogenic edema formation and deteriorate disease outcomes. Enormous efforts are pursued to understand underlying mechanisms of ischemic insults and develop novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study the effects of PPARα agonist WY-14643 were investigated to prevent BBB breakdown and reduce edema formation. WY-14643 inhibited barrier damage in a mouse BBB in vitro model of traumatic brain injury based on oxygen/glucose deprivation in a concentration dependent manner. This was linked to changes of the localization of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, WY-14643 altered phosphorylation of kinases ERK1/2, p38, and SAPK/JNK and was able to inhibit proteosomal activity. Moreover, addition of WY-14643 upregulated PAI-1 leading to decreased t-PA activity. Mouse in vivo experiments showed significantly decreased edema formation in a controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury after WY-14643 application, which was not found in PAI-1 knockout mice. Generally, data suggested that WY-14643 induced cellular responses which were dependent as well as independent from PPARα mediated transcription. In conclusion, novel mechanisms of a PPARα agonist were elucidated to attenuate BBB breakdown during traumatic brain injury in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Neuhaus
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Competence Center Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbHVienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of MainzMainz, Germany
| | - Anja Neuhoff
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Center of Operative Medicine, University Hospital WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Gölz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of MainzMainz, Germany
| | - Serge C Thal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of MainzMainz, Germany
| | - Carola Y Förster
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Center of Operative Medicine, University Hospital WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
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The Role of Nuclear Hormone Receptors in Cannabinoid Function. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 80:291-328. [PMID: 28826538 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the early 2000s, evidence has been accumulating that most cannabinoid compounds interact with the nuclear hormone family peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). This can be through direct binding of these compounds to PPARs, metabolism of cannabinoid to other PPAR-activating chemicals, or indirect activation of PPAR through cell signaling pathways. Delivery of cannabinoids to the nucleus may be facilitated by fatty acid-binding proteins and carrier proteins. All PPAR isoforms appear to be activated by cannabinoids, but the majority of evidence is for PPARα and γ. To date, little is known about the potential interaction of cannabinoids with other nuclear hormones. At least some (but not all) of the well-known biological actions of cannabinoids including neuroprotection, antiinflammatory action, and analgesic effects are partly mediated by PPAR-activation, often in combination with activation of the more traditional target sites of action. This has been best investigated for the endocannabinoid-like compounds palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamine acting at PPARα, and for phytocannabinoids or their derivatives activation acting at PPARγ. However, there are still many aspects of cannabinoid activation of PPAR and the role it plays in the biological and therapeutic effects of cannabinoids that remain to be investigated.
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50
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Brust R, Lin H, Fuhrmann J, Asteian A, Kamenecka TM, Kojetin DJ. Modification of the Orthosteric PPARγ Covalent Antagonist Scaffold Yields an Improved Dual-Site Allosteric Inhibitor. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:969-978. [PMID: 28165718 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
GW9662 and T0070907 are widely used commercially available irreversible antagonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). These antagonists covalently modify Cys285 located in an orthosteric ligand-binding pocket embedded in the PPARγ ligand-binding domain and are used to block binding of other ligands. However, we recently identified an alternate/allosteric ligand-binding site in the PPARγ LBD to which ligand binding is not inhibited by these orthosteric covalent antagonists. Here, we developed a series of analogs based on the orthosteric covalent antagonist scaffold with the goal of inhibiting both orthosteric and allosteric cellular activation of PPARγ by MRL20, an orthosteric agonist that also binds to an allosteric site. Our efforts resulted in the identification of SR16832 (compound 22), which functions as a dual-site covalent inhibitor of PPARγ transcription by PPARγ-binding ligands. Molecular modeling, protein NMR spectroscopy structural analysis, and biochemical assays indicate the inhibition of allosteric activation occurs in part through expansion of the 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzamidyl orthosteric covalent antagonist toward the allosteric site, weakening of allosteric ligand binding affinity, and inducing conformational changes not competent for cellular PPARγ activation. Furthermore, SR16832 better inhibits binding of rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD) that weakly activates PPARγ when cotreated with orthosteric covalent antagonists, and may better inhibit binding of endogenous PPARγ ligands such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared to orthosteric covalent antagonists. Compounds such as SR16832 may be useful chemical tools to use as a dual-site bitopic orthosteric and allosteric covalent inhibitor of ligand binding to PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Brust
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics,
The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics,
The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jakob Fuhrmann
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics,
The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Alice Asteian
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics,
The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Theodore M. Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics,
The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Douglas J. Kojetin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics,
The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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