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van der Wel PC. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance in the structural study of polyglutamine aggregation. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:719-731. [PMID: 38563485 PMCID: PMC11088915 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The aggregation of proteins into amyloid-like fibrils is seen in many neurodegenerative diseases. Recent years have seen much progress in our understanding of these misfolded protein inclusions, thanks to advances in techniques such as solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). However, multiple repeat-expansion-related disorders have presented special challenges to structural elucidation. This review discusses the special role of ssNMR analysis in the study of protein aggregates associated with CAG repeat expansion disorders. In these diseases, the misfolding and aggregation affect mutant proteins with expanded polyglutamine segments. The most common disorder, Huntington's disease (HD), is connected to the mutation of the huntingtin protein. Since the discovery of the genetic causes for HD in the 1990s, steady progress in our understanding of the role of protein aggregation has depended on the integrative and interdisciplinary use of multiple types of structural techniques. The heterogeneous and dynamic features of polyQ protein fibrils, and in particular those formed by huntingtin N-terminal fragments, have made these aggregates into challenging targets for structural analysis. ssNMR has offered unique insights into many aspects of these amyloid-like aggregates. These include the atomic-level structure of the polyglutamine core, but also measurements of dynamics and solvent accessibility of the non-core flanking domains of these fibrils' fuzzy coats. The obtained structural insights shed new light on pathogenic mechanisms behind this and other protein misfolding diseases.
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2
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Saklani R, Domb AJ. Peptide and Protein Stereocomplexes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17726-17740. [PMID: 38680378 PMCID: PMC11044247 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Stereocomplexation in peptides and proteins is a fascinating phenomenon arising from their inherent stereoisomerism. Peptides and proteins, with their three-dimensional helical structures, exhibit stereoselectivity and form intertwined complexes when complementary left- and right-handed structures are mixed together. Stereocomplexation provides an unprecedented opportunity to impart some valuable biological, chemical, and physical properties in peptide and protein polymeric platforms that can be employed in various applications such as catalysis and drug delivery and to improve the stability of these therapeutics. However, exploration of stereocomplexation in peptides and proteins remains limited. We report on a comprehensive understanding of stereocomplexation in peptides and proteins, compiling existing reports, discussing its implications, and highlighting its role in different applications, aiming to inspire further research and advancements in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Saklani
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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3
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Prajapati KP, Ansari M, Yadav DK, Mittal S, Anand BG, Kar K. A robust yet simple method to generate fluorescent amyloid nanofibers. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8765-8774. [PMID: 37661927 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01203d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Covalent tagging of fluorophores is central to the mechanistic understanding of important biological processes including protein-protein interaction and protein aggregation. Hence, studies on fluorophore-tagged peptides help in elucidating the molecular mechanism of amyloidogenesis, its cellular internalization, and crosstalk potential. Despite the many advantages the covalently tagged proteins offer, difficulties such as expensive and tedious synthesis and purification protocols have become a matter of concern. Importantly, covalently tagged fluorophores could introduce structural constraints, which may influence the conformation of the monomeric and aggregated forms of proteins. Here, we describe a robust-yet-simple method to make fluorescent-amyloid nanofibers through a coassembly-reaction route that does not alter the aggregation kinetics and the characteristic β-sheet-conformers of resultant nanofibers. Fluorescent amyloid nanofibers derived from insulin, lysozyme, Aβ1-42, and metabolites were successfully fabricated in our study. Importantly, the incorporated fluorophores exhibited remarkable stability, remaining intact without leaching even after undergoing serial dilutions and prolonged storage periods. This method enables monitoring of cellular internalization of the fluorescent-amyloid-nanofibers and the detection of FRET-signals during interfibrillar interactions. This simple and affordable protocol may significantly help amyloid researchers working on both in vitro and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad Prajapati
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Masihuzzaman Ansari
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar Yadav
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Shikha Mittal
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Bibin Gnanadhason Anand
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Karunakar Kar
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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4
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Barbosa Pereira PJ, Manso JA, Macedo-Ribeiro S. The structural plasticity of polyglutamine repeats. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 80:102607. [PMID: 37178477 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
From yeast to humans, polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat tracts are found frequently in the proteome and are particularly prominent in the activation domains of transcription factors. PolyQ is a polymorphic motif that modulates functional protein-protein interactions and aberrant self-assembly. Expansion of the polyQ repeated sequences beyond critical physiological repeat length thresholds triggers self-assembly and is linked to severe pathological implications. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the structures of polyQ tracts in the soluble and aggregated states and discusses the influence of neighboring regions on polyQ secondary structure, aggregation, and fibril morphologies. The influence of the genetic context of the polyQ-encoding trinucleotides is briefly discussed as a challenge for future endeavors in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro José Barbosa Pereira
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - José A Manso
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Macedo-Ribeiro
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Prajapati KP, Anand BG, Ansari M, Tiku AB, Kar K. Tryptophan self-assembly yields cytotoxic nanofibers containing amyloid-mimicking and cross-seeding competent conformers. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16270-16285. [PMID: 36300424 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03544h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary consumption of Trp via protein-based foods is essential for the maintenance of crucial metabolic processes including the synthesis of proteins and several vital metabolites such as serotonin, melatonin, acetyl CoA, and NADP. However, the abnormal build-up of Trp is known to cause familial hypertryptophanemia and several brain-related medical complications. The molecular mechanism of the onset of such Trp-driven health issues is largely unknown. Here, we show that Trp, under the physiologically mimicked conditions of temperature and buffer, undergoes a concentration driven self-assembly process, yielding amyloid-mimicking nanofibers. Viable H-bonds, π-π interactions and hydrophobic contacts between optimally coordinated Trp molecules become important factors for the formation of a Trp nanoassembly that displays a hydrophobic exterior and a hydrophilic interior. Importantly, Trp nanofibers were found to possess high affinity for native proteins, and they act as cross-seeding competent conformers capable of nucleating amyloid formation in globular proteins including whey protein β-lactoglobulin and type II diabetes linked insulin hormone. Moreover, these amyloid mimicking Trp nanostructures showed toxic effects on neuroblastoma cells. Since the key symptoms in hypertryptophanemia such as behavioural defects and brain-damaging oxidative stress are also observed in amyloid related disorders, our findings on amyloid-like Trp-nanofibers may help in the mechanistic understanding of Trp-related complications and these findings are equally important for innovation in applied nanomaterials design and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad Prajapati
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Bibin Gnanadhason Anand
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Masihuzzaman Ansari
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Ashu Bhan Tiku
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Karunakar Kar
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
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6
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Nandi S, Mukhopadhyay A, Nandi PK, Bera N, Hazra R, Chatterjee J, Sarkar N. Amyloids Formed by Nonaromatic Amino Acid Methionine and Its Cross with Phenylalanine Significantly Affects Phospholipid Vesicle Membrane: An Insight into Hypermethioninemia Disorder. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8252-8265. [PMID: 35758025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The incorrect metabolic breakdown of the nonaromatic amino acid methionine (Met) leads to the disorder called hypermethioninemia via an unknown mechanism. To understand the molecular level pathogenesis of this disorder, we prepared a DMPC lipid membrane, the mimicking setup of the cell membrane, and explored the effect of the millimolar level of Met on it. We found that Met forms toxic fibrillar aggregates that disrupt the rigidity of the membrane bilayer, and increases the dynamic response of water molecules surrounding the membrane as well as the heterogeneity of the membrane. Such aggregates strongly deform red blood cells. This opens the requirement to consider therapeutic antagonists either to resist or to inhibit the toxic amyloid aggregates against hypermethioninemia. Moreover, such disrupting effect on membrane bilayer and cytotoxicity along with deformation effect on RBC by the cross amyloids of Met and Phenylalanine (Phe) was found to be most virulent. This exclusive observation of the enhanced virulent effect of the cross amyloids is expected to be an informative asset to explain the coexistence of two amyloid disorders.
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7
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Louros N, Ramakers M, Michiels E, Konstantoulea K, Morelli C, Garcia T, Moonen N, D'Haeyer S, Goossens V, Thal DR, Audenaert D, Rousseau F, Schymkowitz J. Mapping the sequence specificity of heterotypic amyloid interactions enables the identification of aggregation modifiers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1351. [PMID: 35292653 PMCID: PMC8924238 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotypic amyloid interactions between related protein sequences have been observed in functional and disease amyloids. While sequence homology seems to favour heterotypic amyloid interactions, we have no systematic understanding of the structural rules determining such interactions nor whether they inhibit or facilitate amyloid assembly. Using structure-based thermodynamic calculations and extensive experimental validation, we performed a comprehensive exploration of the defining role of sequence promiscuity in amyloid interactions. Using tau as a model system we demonstrate that proteins with local sequence homology to tau amyloid nucleating regions can modify fibril nucleation, morphology, assembly and spreading of aggregates in cultured cells. Depending on the type of mutation such interactions inhibit or promote aggregation in a manner that can be predicted from structure. We find that these heterotypic amyloid interactions can result in the subcellular mis-localisation of these proteins. Moreover, equilibrium studies indicate that the critical concentration of aggregation is altered by heterotypic interactions. Our findings suggest a structural mechanism by which the proteomic background can modulate the aggregation propensity of amyloidogenic proteins and we discuss how such sequence-specific proteostatic perturbations could contribute to the selective cellular susceptibility of amyloid disease progression. In this work, Louros et al. uncover a rule book for interactions of amyloids with other proteins. This grammar was shown to promote cellular spreading of tau aggregates in cells, but can also be harvested to develop structure-based aggregation blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Louros
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Meine Ramakers
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emiel Michiels
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katerina Konstantoulea
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chiara Morelli
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Teresa Garcia
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Moonen
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam D'Haeyer
- VIB Screening Core, Ghent, Belgium.,Centre for Bioassay Development and Screening (C-BIOS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vera Goossens
- VIB Screening Core, Ghent, Belgium.,Centre for Bioassay Development and Screening (C-BIOS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Neuropathology, KU Leuven, and Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Audenaert
- VIB Screening Core, Ghent, Belgium.,Centre for Bioassay Development and Screening (C-BIOS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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8
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Gray VP, Amelung CD, Duti IJ, Laudermilch EG, Letteri RA, Lampe KJ. Biomaterials via peptide assembly: Design, characterization, and application in tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:43-75. [PMID: 34710626 PMCID: PMC8829437 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A core challenge in biomaterials, with both fundamental significance and technological relevance, concerns the rational design of bioactive microenvironments. Designed properly, peptides can undergo supramolecular assembly into dynamic, physical hydrogels that mimic the mechanical, topological, and biochemical features of native tissue microenvironments. The relatively facile, inexpensive, and automatable preparation of peptides, coupled with low batch-to-batch variability, motivates the expanded use of assembling peptide hydrogels for biomedical applications. Integral to realizing dynamic peptide assemblies as functional biomaterials for tissue engineering is an understanding of the molecular and macroscopic features that govern assembly, morphology, and biological interactions. In this review, we first discuss the design of assembling peptides, including primary structure (sequence), secondary structure (e.g., α-helix and β-sheets), and molecular interactions that facilitate assembly into multiscale materials with desired properties. Next, we describe characterization tools for elucidating molecular structure and interactions, morphology, bulk properties, and biological functionality. Understanding of these characterization methods enables researchers to access a variety of approaches in this ever-expanding field. Finally, we discuss the biological properties and applications of peptide-based biomaterials for engineering several important tissues. By connecting molecular features and mechanisms of assembling peptides to the material and biological properties, we aim to guide the design and characterization of peptide-based biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Engineering peptide-based biomaterials that mimic the topological and mechanical properties of natural extracellular matrices provide excellent opportunities to direct cell behavior for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Here we review the molecular-scale features of assembling peptides that result in biomaterials that exhibit a variety of relevant extracellular matrix-mimetic properties and promote beneficial cell-biomaterial interactions. Aiming to inspire and guide researchers approaching this challenge from both the peptide biomaterial design and tissue engineering perspectives, we also present characterization tools for understanding the connection between peptide structure and properties and highlight the use of peptide-based biomaterials in neural, orthopedic, cardiac, muscular, and immune engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P Gray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Connor D Amelung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Israt Jahan Duti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Emma G Laudermilch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Rachel A Letteri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States.
| | - Kyle J Lampe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States.
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9
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Törnquist M, Linse S. Chiral Selectivity of Secondary Nucleation in Amyloid Fibril Propagation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24008-24011. [PMID: 34494356 PMCID: PMC8596840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental feature of asymmetric molecules and of critical importance for intermolecular interactions. The growth of amyloid fibrils displays a strong enantioselectivity, which is manifested as elongation through the addition of monomers of the same, but not opposite, chirality as the parent aggregate. Here we ask whether also secondary nucleation on the surface of amyloid fibrils, of relevance for toxicity, is governed by the chirality of the nucleating monomers. We use short amyloid peptides (Aβ20‐34 and IAPP20‐29) with all residues as L‐ or all D‐enantiomer in self and cross‐seeding experiments with low enough seed concentration that any acceleration of fibril formation is dominated by secondary nucleation. We find a strong enantio‐specificity of this auto‐catalytic process with secondary nucleation being observed in the self‐seeding experiments only. The results highlight a role of secondary nucleation in strain propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Törnquist
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Kemicentrum, Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Linse
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Kemicentrum, Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Törnquist M, Linse S. Chiral Selectivity of Secondary Nucleation in Amyloid Fibril Propagation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Törnquist
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Lund University Kemicentrum, Box 118 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Sara Linse
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Lund University Kemicentrum, Box 118 22100 Lund Sweden
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11
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Zheng Y, Mao K, Chen S, Zhu H. Chirality Effects in Peptide Assembly Structures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:703004. [PMID: 34239866 PMCID: PMC8258317 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.703004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide assembly structures have been widely exploited in fabricating biomaterials that are promising for medical applications. Peptides can self-organize into various highly ordered supramolecular architectures, such as nanofibril, nanobelt, nanotube, nanowire, and vesicle. Detailed studies of the molecular mechanism by which these versatile building blocks assemble can guide the design of peptide architectures with desired structure and functionality. It has been revealed that peptide assembly structures are highly sequence-dependent and sensitive to amino acid composition, the chirality of peptide and amino acid residues, and external factors, such as solvent, pH, and temperature. This mini-review focuses on the regulatory effects of chirality alteration on the structure and bioactivity of linear and cyclic peptide assemblies. In addition, chiral self-sorting and co-assembly of racemic peptide mixtures were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kejing Mao
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shixian Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Kumar V, Sinha N, Thakur AK. Necessity of regulatory guidelines for the development of amyloid based biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4410-4422. [PMID: 34018497 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases are caused due to protein homeostasis failure where incorrectly folded proteins/peptides form cross-β-sheet rich amyloid fibrillar structures. Besides proteins/peptides, small metabolite assemblies also exhibit amyloid-like features. These structures are linked to several human and animal diseases. In addition, non-toxic amyloids with diverse physiological roles are characterized as a new functional class. This finding, along with the unique properties of amyloid like stability and mechanical strength, led to a surge in the development of amyloid-based biomaterials. However, the usage of these materials by humans and animals may pose a health risk such as the development of amyloid diseases and toxicity. This is possible because amyloid-based biomaterials and their fragments may assist seeding and cross-seeding mechanisms of amyloid formation in the body. This review summarizes the potential uses of amyloids as biomaterials, the concerns regarding their usage, and a prescribed workflow to initiate a regulatory approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nabodita Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thakur
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
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13
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Wetzel R. Exploding the Repeat Length Paradigm while Exploring Amyloid Toxicity in Huntington's Disease. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2347-2357. [PMID: 32975927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, familial neurodegenerative disease triggered by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) track in the protein huntingtin (htt). PolyQ sequences up to Q36 in htt are not known to be toxic, while polyQ lengths above Q36 almost invariably lead to increased disease risk and decreased ages of onset. The large number of physical states (monomers, dimers, tetramers, non-β oligomers, nanofibrils, and clustered amyloid fibrils) on the self-association landscape, with their overlapping kinetics of formation, have greatly complicated identification of the molecular species responsible for HD toxicity, drawing attention to the need for innovative approaches.After reports of HD-associated intraneuronal htt inclusions in 1997, we elucidated aggregation mechanisms of both simple polyQ sequences and the more complex polyQ-containing "exon1" fragment of htt (htt-ex1). Grounded in this work, the more recent results described here were made possible by breakthroughs in the molecular design of diagnostic polyQ derivatives and in fluorescence applications for characterizing amyloid assembly intermediates. Thus, insertion of β-turn-promoting mutations into relatively short, disordered polyQ sequences created "pro-β-hairpin" polyQs (βHPs) that exhibit amyloid formation rates comparable to the enhanced rates seen with expanded polyQ peptides. Introduction of "β-breaker" mutations into these βHP polyQ sequences created molecules that are blocked from aggregating into amyloid and also can inhibit amyloid formation by other polyQ proteins. These mutational effects were then successfully transferred into more complex htt-ex1 sequence backgrounds. Insights into the aggregation properties of htt-ex1 derivatives-as well as into the nucleation process itself-were obtained using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and a novel thioflavin-T (ThT) protocol that allows quantitation of htt-ex1 assembly intermediates.Using these tools, we quantified physical states of htt-ex1 at different growth times in mammalian PC12 cells engineered for inducible expression of both normal and expanded polyQ repeat length versions of htt-ex1. For expanded polyQ versions, we found tetramers, oligomers, and fibrils (but no monomers) all populated in these cells at a time when the first indication of toxicity (nuclear DNA damage) was observed. These experiments provided a strong hint that monomeric forms of htt-ex1 are not involved in toxicity, but we were otherwise unable to implicate a specific toxic self-assembled state because of the overlapping kinetics of formation. To gain a more intimate focus and control over the timelines of htt-ex1 self-assembly and the resulting toxic response, we engineered various htt-ex1-βHP molecules-with and without added β-breaker mutations-that could be expressed in rat neuronal and Drosophila models of HD. In both models, novel htt-ex1-βHP analogues exhibiting strong aggregation in spite of their very short polyQ repeat lengths proved to be toxic, dramatically breaking the "repeat length paradigm" and strongly suggesting that the toxic species must be some kind of aggregate. In both models, β-breaker analogues of htt-ex1-βHP that are slow to make amyloid-instead favoring accumulation of non-β oligomers-were nontoxic. In contrast, htt-ex1-βHP analogues that rapidly progress to amyloid states were toxic, suggesting that an aggregate possessing the fundamental amyloid folding motif is very likely the major toxic species in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Wetzel
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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14
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Garcia AM, Giorgiutti C, El Khoury Y, Bauer V, Spiegelhalter C, Leize-Wagner E, Hellwig P, Potier N, Torbeev V. Aggregation and Amyloidogenicity of the Nuclear Coactivator Binding Domain of CREB-Binding Protein. Chemistry 2020; 26:9889-9899. [PMID: 32364648 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear coactivator binding domain (NCBD) of transcriptional co-regulator CREB-binding protein (CBP) is an example of conformationally malleable proteins that can bind to structurally unrelated protein targets and adopt distinct folds in the respective protein complexes. Here, we show that the folding landscape of NCBD contains an alternative pathway that results in protein aggregation and self-assembly into amyloid fibers. The initial steps of such protein misfolding are driven by intermolecular interactions of its N-terminal α-helix bringing multiple NCBD molecules into contact. These oligomers then undergo slow but progressive interconversion into β-sheet-containing aggregates. To reveal the concealed aggregation potential of NCBD we used a chemically synthesized mirror-image d-NCBD form. The addition of d-NCBD promoted self-assembly into amyloid precipitates presumably due to formation of thermodynamically more stable racemic β-sheet structures. The unexpected aggregation of NCBD needs to be taken into consideration given the multitude of protein-protein interactions and resulting biological functions mediated by CBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Garcia
- ISIS (Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires) and, icFRC (International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry), University of Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67083, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Giorgiutti
- Laboratory of Mass-Spectrometry of Interactions and Systems, University of Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7140, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef El Khoury
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Spectroscopy, University of Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7140, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Bauer
- ISIS (Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires) and, icFRC (International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry), University of Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67083, Strasbourg, France
| | - Coralie Spiegelhalter
- Imaging Center, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), INSERM-U964, University of Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- Laboratory of Mass-Spectrometry of Interactions and Systems, University of Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7140, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Spectroscopy, University of Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7140, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
- Institute for Advanced Study, USIAS University of Strasbourg, 5 allée du Général Rouvillois, 67083, Strasbourg, France
| | - Noelle Potier
- Laboratory of Mass-Spectrometry of Interactions and Systems, University of Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7140, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vladimir Torbeev
- ISIS (Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires) and, icFRC (International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry), University of Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67083, Strasbourg, France
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15
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Nandi S, Pyne A, Ghosh M, Banerjee P, Ghosh B, Sarkar N. Antagonist Effects of l-Phenylalanine and the Enantiomeric Mixture Containing d-Phenylalanine on Phospholipid Vesicle Membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2459-2473. [PMID: 32073868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the congenital flaws of metabolism, phenylketonuria (PKU), is known to be related to the self-assembly of toxic fibrillar aggregates of phenylalanine (Phe) in blood at elevated concentrations. Our experimental findings using l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) at millimolar concentration suggest the formation of fibrillar morphologies in the dry phase, which in the solution phase interact strongly with the model membrane composed of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (LAPC) lipid, thereby decreasing the rigidity (or increasing the fluidity) of the membrane. The hydrophobic interaction, in addition to the electrostatic attraction of Phe with the model membrane, is found to be responsible for such phenomena. On the contrary, various microscopic observations reveal that such fibrillar morphologies of l-Phe are severely ruptured in the presence of its enantiomer d-phenylalanine (d-Phe), thereby converting the fibrillar morphologies into crushed flakes. Various biophysical studies, including the solvation dynamics experiment, suggest that this l-Phe in the presence of d-Phe, when interacting with the same model membrane, now reverts the rigidity of the membrane, i.e., increases the rigidity of the membrane, which was lost due to interaction with l-Phe exclusively. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements also support this reverse rigid character of the membrane in the presence of an enantiomeric mixture of amino acids. A comprehensive understanding of the interaction of Phe with the model membrane is further pursued at the single-molecular fluorescence detection level using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) experiments. Therefore, our experimental conclusion interprets a linear correlation between increased permeability and enhanced fluidity of the membrane in the presence of l-Phe and certifies d-Phe as a therapeutic modulator of l-Phe fibrillar morphologies. Further, the study proposes that the rigidity of the membrane lost due to interaction with l-Phe was reinstated-in fact, increased-in the presence of the enantiomeric mixture containing both d- and l-Phe.
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16
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Chaudhuri P, Prajapati KP, Anand BG, Dubey K, Kar K. Amyloid cross-seeding raises new dimensions to understanding of amyloidogenesis mechanism. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 56:100937. [PMID: 31430565 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hallmarks of most of the amyloid pathologies are surprisingly found to be heterocomponent entities such as inclusions and plaques which contain diverse essential proteins and metabolites. Experimental studies have already revealed the occurrence of coaggregation and cross-seeding during amyloid formation of several proteins and peptides, yielding multicomponent assemblies of amyloid nature. Further, research reports on the co-occurrence of more than one type of amyloid-linked pathologies in the same individual suggest the possible cross-talk among the disease related amyloidogenic protein species during their amyloid growth. In this review paper, we have tried to gain more insight into the process of coaggregation and cross-seeding during amyloid aggregation of proteins, particularly focusing on their relevance to the pathogenesis of the protein misfolding diseases. Revelation of amyloid cross-seeding and coaggregation seems to open new dimensions in our mechanistic understanding of amyloidogenesis and such knowledge may possibly inspire better designing of anti-amyloid therapeutics.
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17
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Matlahov I, van der Wel PC. Conformational studies of pathogenic expanded polyglutamine protein deposits from Huntington's disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1584-1595. [PMID: 31203656 PMCID: PMC6920524 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219856620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease, like other neurodegenerative diseases, continues to lack an
effective cure. Current treatments that address early symptoms ultimately fail
Huntington’s disease patients and their families, with the disease typically
being fatal within 10–15 years from onset. Huntington’s disease is an inherited
disorder with motor and mental impairment, and is associated with the genetic
expansion of a CAG codon repeat encoding a polyglutamine-segment-containing
protein called huntingtin. These Huntington’s disease mutations cause misfolding
and aggregation of fragments of the mutant huntingtin protein, thereby likely
contributing to disease toxicity through a combination of gain-of-toxic-function
for the misfolded aggregates and a loss of function from sequestration of
huntingtin and other proteins. As with other amyloid diseases, the mutant
protein forms non-native fibrillar structures, which in Huntington’s disease are
found within patients’ neurons. The intracellular deposits are associated with
dysregulation of vital processes, and inter-neuronal transport of aggregates may
contribute to disease progression. However, a molecular understanding of these
aggregates and their detrimental effects has been frustrated by insufficient
structural data on the misfolded protein state. In this review, we examine
recent developments in the structural biology of polyglutamine-expanded
huntingtin fragments, and especially the contributions enabled by advances in
solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We summarize and discuss
our current structural understanding of the huntingtin deposits and how this
information furthers our understanding of the misfolding mechanism and disease
toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Matlahov
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick Ca van der Wel
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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18
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Anand BG, Prajapati KP, Dubey K, Ahamad N, Shekhawat DS, Rath PC, Joseph GK, Kar K. Self-Assembly of Artificial Sweetener Aspartame Yields Amyloid-like Cytotoxic Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6033-6049. [PMID: 31021591 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports have revealed the intrinsic propensity of single aromatic metabolites to undergo self-assembly and form nanostructures of amyloid nature. Hence, identifying whether aspartame, a universally consumed artificial sweetener, is inherently aggregation prone becomes an important area of investigation. Although the reports on aspartame-linked side effects describe a multitude of metabolic disorders, the mechanistic understanding of such destructive effects is largely mysterious. Since aromaticity, an aggregation-promoting factor, is intrinsic to aspartame's chemistry, it is important to know whether aspartame can undergo self-association and if such a property can predispose any cytotoxicity to biological systems. Our study finds that aspartame molecules, under mimicked physiological conditions, undergo a spontaneous self-assembly process yielding regular β-sheet-like cytotoxic nanofibrils of amyloid nature. The resultant aspartame fibrils were found to trigger amyloid cross-seeding and become a toxic aggregation trap for globular proteins, Aβ peptides, and aromatic metabolites that convert native structures to β-sheet-like fibrils. Aspartame fibrils were also found to induce hemolysis, causing DNA damage resulting in both apoptosis and necrosis-mediated cell death. Specific spatial arrangement between aspartame molecules is predicted to form a regular amyloid-like architecture with a sticky exterior that is capable of promoting viable H-bonds, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic contacts with biomolecules, leading to the onset of protein aggregation and cell death. Results reveal that the aspartame molecule is inherently amyloidogenic, and the self-assembly of aspartame becomes a toxic trap for proteins and cells, exposing the bitter side of such a ubiquitously used artificial sweetener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibin Gnanadhason Anand
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur , Jodhpur 342037 , India
| | | | - Kriti Dubey
- School of Life Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Naseem Ahamad
- School of Life Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Dolat Singh Shekhawat
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur , Jodhpur 342037 , India
| | - Pramod Chandra Rath
- School of Life Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - George Kodimattam Joseph
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur , Jodhpur 342037 , India
| | - Karunakar Kar
- School of Life Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
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19
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Urban JM, Ho J, Piester G, Fu R, Nilsson BL. Rippled β-Sheet Formation by an Amyloid-β Fragment Indicates Expanded Scope of Sequence Space for Enantiomeric β-Sheet Peptide Coassembly. Molecules 2019; 24:E1983. [PMID: 31126069 PMCID: PMC6571685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1953, Pauling and Corey predicted that enantiomeric β-sheet peptides would coassemble into so-called "rippled" β-sheets, in which the β-sheets would consist of alternating l- and d-peptides. To date, this phenomenon has been investigated primarily with amphipathic peptide sequences composed of alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acid residues. Here, we show that enantiomers of a fragment of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide that does not follow this sequence pattern, amyloid-β (16-22), readily coassembles into rippled β-sheets. Equimolar mixtures of enantiomeric amyloid-β (16-22) peptides assemble into supramolecular structures that exhibit distinct morphologies from those observed by self-assembly of the single enantiomer pleated β-sheet fibrils. Formation of rippled β-sheets composed of alternating l- and d-amyloid-β (16-22) is confirmed by isotope-edited infrared spectroscopy and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Sedimentation analysis reveals that rippled β-sheet formation by l- and d-amyloid-β (16-22) is energetically favorable relative to self-assembly into corresponding pleated β-sheets. This work illustrates that coassembly of enantiomeric β-sheet peptides into rippled β-sheets is not limited to peptides with alternating hydrophobic/hydrophilic sequence patterns, but that a broader range of sequence space is available for the design and preparation of rippled β-sheet materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Urban
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
| | - Janson Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
| | - Gavin Piester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
| | - Riqiang Fu
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Bradley L Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
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20
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J. B, Chanda K, M.M. B. Revisiting the insights and applications of protein engineered hydrogels. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 95:312-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Drombosky KW, Rode S, Kodali R, Jacob TC, Palladino MJ, Wetzel R. Mutational analysis implicates the amyloid fibril as the toxic entity in Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 120:126-138. [PMID: 30171891 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In Huntington disease (HD), an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ > 37) sequence within huntingtin (htt) exon1 leads to enhanced disease risk. It has proved difficult, however, to determine whether the toxic form generated by polyQ expansion is a misfolded or avid-binding monomer, an α-helix-rich oligomer, or a β-sheet-rich amyloid fibril. Here we describe an engineered htt exon1 analog featuring a short polyQ sequence that nonetheless quickly forms amyloid fibrils and causes HD-like toxicity in rat neurons and Drosophila. Additional modifications within the polyQ segment produce htt exon1 analogs that populate only spherical oligomers and are non-toxic in cells and flies. Furthermore, in mixture with expanded-polyQ htt exon1, the latter analogs in vitro suppress amyloid formation and promote oligomer formation, and in vivo rescue neurons and flies expressing mhtt exon1 from dysfunction and death. Thus, in our experiments, while htt exon1 toxicity tracks with aggregation propensity, it does so in spite of the toxic construct's possessing polyQ tracts well below those normally considered to be disease-associated. That is, aggregation propensity proves to be a more accurate surrogate for toxicity than is polyQ repeat length itself, strongly supporting a major toxic role for htt exon1 aggregation in HD. In addition, the results suggest that the aggregates that are most toxic in these model systems are amyloid-related. These engineered analogs are novel tools for mapping properties of polyQ self-assembly intermediates and products that should similarly be useful in the analysis of other expanded polyQ diseases. Small molecules with similar amyloid inhibitory properties might be developed into effective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Drombosky
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sascha Rode
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Kodali
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tija C Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Palladino
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald Wetzel
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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22
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Anand BG, Prajapati KP, Shekhawat DS, Kar K. Tyrosine-Generated Nanostructures Initiate Amyloid Cross-Seeding in Proteins Leading to a Lethal Aggregation Trap. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5202-5209. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bibin G. Anand
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Room 310, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kailash P. Prajapati
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Room 310, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dolat S. Shekhawat
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Room 310, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Karunakar Kar
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Room 310, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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23
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Aβ 1-40 mediated aggregation of proteins and metabolites unveils the relevance of amyloid cross-seeding in amyloidogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:158-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Self-assembled peptide nanostructures have been increasingly exploited as functional materials for applications in biomedicine and energy. The emergent properties of these nanomaterials determine the applications for which they can be exploited. It has recently been appreciated that nanomaterials composed of multicomponent coassembled peptides often display unique emergent properties that have the potential to dramatically expand the functional utility of peptide-based materials. This review presents recent efforts in the development of multicomponent peptide assemblies. The discussion includes multicomponent assemblies derived from short low molecular weight peptides, peptide amphiphiles, coiled coil peptides, collagen, and β-sheet peptides. The design, structure, emergent properties, and applications for these multicomponent assemblies are presented in order to illustrate the potential of these formulations as sophisticated next-generation bio-inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
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25
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Intrinsic property of phenylalanine to trigger protein aggregation and hemolysis has a direct relevance to phenylketonuria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11146. [PMID: 28894147 PMCID: PMC5593866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess accumulation of phenylalanine is the characteristic of untreated Phenylketonuria (PKU), a well-known genetic abnormality, which triggers several neurological, physical and developmental severities. However, the fundamental mechanism behind the origin of such diverse health problems, particularly the issue of how they are related to the build-up of phenylalanine molecules in the body, is largely unknown. Here, we show cross-seeding ability of phenylalanine fibrils that can effectively initiate an aggregation process in proteins under physiological conditions, converting native protein structures to β-sheet assembly. The resultant fibrils were found to cause severe hemolysis, yielding a plethora of deformed erythrocytes that is highly relevant to phenylketonuria. Unique arrangement of zwitterionic phenylalanine molecules in their amyloid-like higher order entities is predicted to promote both hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction, sufficient enough to trap proteins and to preferentially interact with the membrane components of RBCs. Since the prevalence of hemolysis and amyloid related psychoneurological severities are mostly observed in PKU patients, we propose that the inherent property of phenylalanine fibrils to trigger hemolysis and to induce protein aggregation may have direct relevance to the disease mechanism of PKU.
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26
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Dutta S, Foley AR, Warner CJA, Zhang X, Rolandi M, Abrams B, Raskatov JA. Suppression of Oligomer Formation and Formation of Non‐Toxic Fibrils upon Addition of Mirror‐Image Aβ42 to the Natural
l
‐Enantiomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dutta
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Alejandro R. Foley
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA
| | | | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Benjamin Abrams
- Dept. of Biomolecular Engineering Life Sciences Microscopy Center UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz 95064 CA USA
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27
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Dutta S, Foley AR, Warner CJA, Zhang X, Rolandi M, Abrams B, Raskatov JA. Suppression of Oligomer Formation and Formation of Non-Toxic Fibrils upon Addition of Mirror-Image Aβ42 to the Natural l-Enantiomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11506-11510. [PMID: 28682473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Racemates often have lower solubility than enantiopure compounds, and the mixing of enantiomers can enhance the aggregation propensity of peptides. Amyloid beta (Aβ) 42 is an aggregation-prone peptide that is believed to play a key role in Alzheimer's disease. Soluble Aβ42 aggregation intermediates (oligomers) have emerged as being particularly neurotoxic. We hypothesized that the addition of mirror-image d-Aβ42 should reduce the concentration of toxic oligomers formed from natural l-Aβ42. We synthesized l- and D-Aβ42 and found their equimolar mixing to lead to accelerated fibril formation. Confocal microscopy with fluorescently labeled analogues of the enantiomers showed their colocalization in racemic fibrils. Owing to the enhanced fibril formation propensity, racemic Aβ42 was less prone to form soluble oligomers. This resulted in the protection of cells from the toxicity of l-Aβ42 at concentrations up to 50 μm. The mixing of Aβ42 enantiomers thus accelerates the formation of non-toxic fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dutta
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro R Foley
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Abrams
- Dept. of Biomolecular Engineering, Life Sciences Microscopy Center, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, 95064, CA, USA
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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28
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Anand BG, Shekhawat DS, Dubey K, Kar K. Uniform, Polycrystalline, and Thermostable Piperine-Coated Gold Nanoparticles to Target Insulin Fibril Assembly. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1136-1145. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bibin G. Anand
- Department
of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342011, India
| | - Dolat S. Shekhawat
- Department
of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342011, India
| | - Kriti Dubey
- Department
of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342011, India
| | - Karunakar Kar
- School
of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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29
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Torbeev V, Grogg M, Ruiz J, Boehringer R, Schirer A, Hellwig P, Jeschke G, Hilvert D. Chiral recognition in amyloid fiber growth. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:290-304. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Torbeev
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires; International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry, UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Marcel Grogg
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10; Zürich CH-8093 Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Ruiz
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires; International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry, UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Régis Boehringer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires; International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry, UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Alicia Schirer
- Laboratoire de Bioélectrochimie et Spectroscopie; Chimie de la Matière Complexe, UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS; 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67070 Strasbourg France
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Laboratoire de Bioélectrochimie et Spectroscopie; Chimie de la Matière Complexe, UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS; 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67070 Strasbourg France
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry; ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10; Zürich CH-8093 Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10; Zürich CH-8093 Switzerland
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30
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Sahoo B, Drombosky KW, Wetzel R. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy: A Tool to Study Protein Oligomerization and Aggregation In Vitro and In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1345:67-87. [PMID: 26453206 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2978-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a highly sensitive analytical technique used to measure dynamic molecular parameters, such as diffusion time (from which particle size can be calculated), conformation, and concentration of fluorescent molecules. It has been particularly powerful in characterizing size distributions in molecular associations (e.g., dimer/multimer formation) both in well-behaved thermodynamically equilibrated systems in vitro as well as in more complex environments in vivo. Protein aggregation reactions like amyloid formation, in contrast, are complex, often involving a series of uniquely structured aggregation intermediates appearing at different time scales. Nonetheless, FCS can be used in appropriate cases to characterize the early stages of some aggregation reactions. Here are described step-by-step protocols and experimental procedures for the study of molecular complex formation in aggregation systems as observed in simple buffer systems, cell extracts, and living cells. The methods described are illustrated with examples from studies of the self-assembly of huntingtin fragments, but in principle can be adapted for any aggregating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bankanidhi Sahoo
- Department of Structural Biology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Kenneth W Drombosky
- Department of Structural Biology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Ronald Wetzel
- Department of Structural Biology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Aberrant aggregation of improperly folded proteins is the hallmark of several human neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington’s Disease (HD) with autosomal-dominant inheritance. In HD, expansion of the CAG-repeat-encoded polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch beyond ~40 glutamines in huntingtin (Htt) and its N-terminal fragments leads to the formation of large (up to several μm) globular neuronal inclusion bodies (IBs) over time. We report direct observations of aggregating Htt exon 1 in living and fixed cells at enhanced spatial resolution by stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and single-molecule super-resolution optical imaging. Fibrils of Htt exon 1 arise abundantly across the cytosolic compartment and also in neuritic processes only after nucleation and aggregation into a fairly advanced stage of growth of the prominent IB have taken place. Structural characterizations of fibrils by STED show a distinct length cutoff at ~1·5 μm and reveal subsequent coalescence (bundling/piling). Cytosolic fibrils are observed even at late stages in the process, side-by-side with the mature IB. Htt sequestration into the IB, which in neurons has been argued to be a cell-protective phenomenon, thus appears to saturate and over-power the cellular degradation systems and leaves cells vulnerable to further aggregation producing much smaller, potentially toxic, conformational protein species of which the fibrils may be comprised. We further found that exogenous delivery of the apical domain of the chaperonin subunit CCT1 to the cells via the cell medium reduced the aggregation propensity of mutant Htt exon 1 in general, and strongly reduced the occurrence of such late-stage fibrils in particular.
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32
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Swanekamp RJ, Welch JJ, Nilsson BL. Proteolytic stability of amphipathic peptide hydrogels composed of self-assembled pleated β-sheet or coassembled rippled β-sheet fibrils. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:10133-6. [PMID: 25050628 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04644g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel networks composed of rippled β-sheet fibrils of coassembled D- and L-Ac-(FKFE)2-NH2 amphipathic peptides exhibit proteolytic stability and increased rheological strength compared to networks of self-assembled L-Ac-(FKFE)2-NH2 pleated β-sheet fibrils. Modifying the ratios of l and d peptides in the coassembled rippled β-sheet fibrils alters the degradation profiles of these hydrogel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria J Swanekamp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
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33
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Dubey K, Anand BG, Temgire MK, Kar K. Evidence of Rapid Coaggregation of Globular Proteins during Amyloid Formation. Biochemistry 2014; 53:8001-4. [DOI: 10.1021/bi501333q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Dubey
- Center
for Biologically Inspired System Science, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Old Residency Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India 342011
| | - Bibin G. Anand
- Center
for Biologically Inspired System Science, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Old Residency Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India 342011
| | - Mayur K. Temgire
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Karunakar Kar
- Center
for Biologically Inspired System Science, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Old Residency Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India 342011
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34
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Huynen C, Willet N, Buell AK, Duwez AS, Jerôme C, Dumoulin M. Influence of the protein context on the polyglutamine length-dependent elongation of amyloid fibrils. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1854:239-48. [PMID: 25489872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, including Huntington's disease, are neurodegenerative disorders associated with the abnormal expansion of a polyQ tract within nine proteins. The polyQ expansion is thought to be a major determinant in the development of neurotoxicity, triggering protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils, although non-polyQ regions play a modulating role. In this work, we investigate the relative importance of the polyQ length, its location within a host protein, and the conformational state of the latter in the amyloid fibril elongation. Model polyQ proteins made of the β-lactamase BlaP containing up to 79Q inserted at two different positions, and quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy were used for this purpose. We demonstrate that, independently of the polyQ tract location and the conformational state of the host protein, the relative elongation rate of fibrils increases linearly with the polyQ length. The slope of the linear fit is similar for both sets of chimeras (i.e., the elongation rate increases by ~1.9% for each additional glutamine), and is also similar to that previously observed for polyQ peptides. The elongation rate is, however, strongly influenced by the location of the polyQ tract within BlaP and the conformational state of BlaP. Moreover, comparison of our results with those previously reported for aggregation in solution indicates that these two parameters also modulate the ability of BlaP-polyQ chimeras to form the aggregation nucleus. Altogether our results suggest that non-polyQ regions are valuable targets in order to interfere with the process of amyloid fibril formation associated with polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Huynen
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Willet
- Nanochemistry and Molecular Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Alexander K Buell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Anne-Sophie Duwez
- Nanochemistry and Molecular Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Christine Jerôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Mireille Dumoulin
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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35
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Hoop CL, Lin HK, Kar K, Hou Z, Poirier MA, Wetzel R, van der Wel PCA. Polyglutamine amyloid core boundaries and flanking domain dynamics in huntingtin fragment fibrils determined by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Biochemistry 2014; 53:6653-66. [PMID: 25280367 PMCID: PMC4211650 DOI: 10.1021/bi501010q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
In Huntington’s disease, expansion
of a polyglutamine (polyQ)
domain in the huntingtin (htt) protein leads to misfolding and aggregation.
There is much interest in the molecular features that distinguish
monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar species that populate the aggregation
pathway and likely differ in cytotoxicity. The mechanism and rate
of aggregation are greatly affected by the domains flanking the polyQ
segment within exon 1 of htt. A “protective” C-terminal
proline-rich flanking domain inhibits aggregation by inducing polyproline
II structure (PPII) within an extended portion of polyQ. The N-terminal
flanking segment (httNT) adopts an α-helical structure
as it drives aggregation, helps stabilize oligomers and fibrils, and
is seemingly integral to their supramolecular assembly. Via solid-state
nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR), we probe how, in the mature fibrils,
the htt flanking domains impact the polyQ domain and in particular
the localization of the β-structured amyloid core. Using residue-specific
and uniformly labeled samples, we find that the amyloid core occupies
most of the polyQ domain but ends just prior to the prolines. We probe
the structural and dynamical features of the remarkably abrupt β-sheet
to PPII transition and discuss the potential connections to certain
htt-binding proteins. We also examine the httNT α-helix
outside the polyQ amyloid core. Despite its presumed structural and
demonstrated stabilizing roles in the fibrils, quantitative ssNMR
measurements of residue-specific dynamics show that it undergoes distinct
solvent-coupled motion. This dynamical feature seems reminiscent of
molten-globule-like α-helix-rich features attributed to the
nonfibrillar oligomeric species of various amyloidogenic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L Hoop
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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36
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Zotti MD, Formaggio F, Crisma M, Peggion C, Moretto A, Toniolo C. Handedness preference and switching of peptide helices. Part I: Helices based on protein amino acids. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:307-22. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padua; Padua Italy
- ICB, Padua Unit; CNR; Italy
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