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Luo H, Li Y, Song H, Zhao K, Li W, Hong H, Wang YT, Qi L, Zhang Y. Role of EZH2-mediated epigenetic modification on vascular smooth muscle in cardiovascular diseases: A mini-review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1416992. [PMID: 38994197 PMCID: PMC11236572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1416992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are integral to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, plays a crucial role in epigenetic regulation of VSMCs gene expression. Emerging researches suggest that EZH2 has a dual role in VSMCs, contingent on the pathological context of specific CVDs. This mini-review synthesizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which EZH2 regulates VSMC proliferation, migration and survival in the context of CVDs. The goal is to underscore the potential of EZH2 as a therapeutic target for CVDs treatment. Modulating EZH2 and its associated epigenetic pathways in VSMCs could potentially ameliorate vascular remodeling, a key factor in the progression of many CVDs. Despite the promising outlook, further investigation is warranted to elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms mediated by EZH2 in VSMCs, which may pave the way for novel epigenetic therapies for conditions such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Luo
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Nanchang, China
| | - Honghu Song
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenlin Li
- Center for Quality Evaluation and Research in Higher Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hailan Hong
- Center for Quality Evaluation and Research in Higher Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Luming Qi
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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2
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Fischer KS, Henn D, Zhao ET, Sivaraj D, Litmanovich B, Hahn WW, Hostler AC, Mojadidi SM, Gonzalez J, Knochel AB, Mora Pinos MG, Holley J, Kussie H, Granoski M, Yasmeh JP, Kneser U, Chen K, Gurtner GC. Elevated Shear Stress Modulates Heterogenous Cellular Subpopulations to Induce Vascular Remodeling. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38753711 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Elevated shear stress (ESS) induces vascular remodeling in veins exposed to arterial blood flow, which can lead to arteriovenous (AV) fistula failure. The molecular mechanisms driving remodeling have not been comprehensively examined with a single-cell resolution before. Objective: Using an in vivo animal mode, single-cell RNA sequencing, and histopathology, we precisely manipulate blood flow to comprehensively characterize all cell subpopulations important during vascular remodeling. Methods: AV loops were created in saphenous vessels of rats using a contralateral saphenous vein interposition graft to promote ESS. Saphenous veins with no elevated shear stress (NSS) were anastomosed as controls. Findings: ESS promoted transcriptional homogeneity, and NSS promoted considerable heterogeneity. Specifically, ESS endothelial cells (ECs) showed a more homogeneous transcriptional response promoting angiogenesis and upregulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition inhibiting genes (Klf2). NSS ECs upregulated antiproliferation genes such as Cav1, Cst3, and Btg1. In macrophages, ESS promoted a large homogeneous subpopulation, creating a mechanically activated, proinflammatory and thus proangiogenic myeloid phenotype, whereas NSS myeloid cells expressed the anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenetic marker Mrc1. Conclusion: ESS activates unified gene expression profiles to induce adaption of the vessel wall to hemodynamic alterations. Targeted depletion of the identified cellular subpopulations may lead to novel therapies to prevent excessive venous remodeling, intimal hyperplasia, and AV fistula failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S Fischer
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand surgery, BG Trauma Clinic Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Henn
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Eric T Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dharshan Sivaraj
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ben Litmanovich
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - William W Hahn
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew C Hostler
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Javier Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Amelia B Knochel
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Jared Holley
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hudson Kussie
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maia Granoski
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand surgery, BG Trauma Clinic Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kellen Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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3
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Johnson RT, Solanki R, Wostear F, Ahmed S, Taylor JCK, Rees J, Abel G, McColl J, Jørgensen HF, Morris CJ, Bidula S, Warren DT. Piezo1-mediated regulation of smooth muscle cell volume in response to enhanced extracellular matrix rigidity. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1576-1595. [PMID: 38044463 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Decreased aortic compliance is a precursor to numerous cardiovascular diseases. Compliance is regulated by the rigidity of the aortic wall and the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Extracellular matrix stiffening, observed during ageing, reduces compliance. In response to increased rigidity, VSMCs generate enhanced contractile forces that result in VSMC stiffening and a further reduction in compliance. Mechanisms driving VSMC response to matrix rigidity remain poorly defined. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human aortic-VSMCs were seeded onto polyacrylamide hydrogels whose rigidity mimicked either healthy (12 kPa) or aged/diseased (72 kPa) aortae. VSMCs were treated with pharmacological agents prior to agonist stimulation to identify regulators of VSMC volume regulation. KEY RESULTS On pliable matrices, VSMCs contracted and decreased in cell area. Meanwhile, on rigid matrices VSMCs displayed a hypertrophic-like response, increasing in area and volume. Piezo1 activation stimulated increased VSMC volume by promoting calcium ion influx and subsequent activation of PKC and aquaporin-1. Pharmacological blockade of this pathway prevented the enhanced VSMC volume response on rigid matrices whilst maintaining contractility on pliable matrices. Importantly, both piezo1 and aquaporin-1 gene expression were up-regulated during VSMC phenotypic modulation in atherosclerosis and after carotid ligation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In response to extracellular matrix rigidity, VSMC volume is increased by a piezo1/PKC/aquaporin-1 mediated pathway. Pharmacological targeting of this pathway specifically blocks the matrix rigidity enhanced VSMC volume response, leaving VSMC contractility on healthy mimicking matrices intact. Importantly, upregulation of both piezo1 and aquaporin-1 gene expression is observed in disease relevant VSMC phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reesha Solanki
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Finn Wostear
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Sultan Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - James C K Taylor
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, VPD Heart and Lung Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jasmine Rees
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Geraad Abel
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - James McColl
- Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Cell Imaging, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, UK
| | - Helle F Jørgensen
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, VPD Heart and Lung Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris J Morris
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Bidula
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Derek T Warren
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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4
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Lee CW, Lee C, Baek S, Akkoyun E, Ryu D. Investigating the influence of collagen cross-linking on mechanical properties of thoracic aortic tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1305128. [PMID: 38476969 PMCID: PMC10928930 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1305128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases, such as abdominal aortic aneurysms, are associated with tissue degeneration of the aortic wall, resulting in variations in mechanical properties, such as tissue ultimate stress and a high slope. Variations in the mechanical properties of tissues may be associated with an increase in the number of collagen cross-links. Understanding the effect of collagen cross-linking on tissue mechanical properties can significantly aid in predicting diseased aortic tissue rupture and improve the clarity of decisions regarding surgical procedures. Therefore, this study focused on increasing the density of the aortic tissue through cross-linking and investigating the mechanical properties of the thoracic aortic tissue in relation to density. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on the porcine thoracic aorta in four test regions (anterior, posterior, distal, and proximal), two loading directions (circumferential and longitudinal), and density increase rates (0%-12%). As a result, the PPC (Posterior/Proximal/Circumferential) group experienced a higher ultimate stress than the PDC (Posterior/Distal/Circumferential) group. However, this relationship reversed when the specimen density exceeded 3%. In addition, the ultimate stress of the ADC (Anterior/Distal/Circumferential) and PPC group was greater than that of the APC (Anterior/Proximal/Circumferential) group, while these findings were reversed when the specimen density exceeded 6% and 9%, respectively. Finally, the high slope of the PDL (Posterior/Distal/Longitudinal) group was lower than that of the ADL (Anterior/Distal/Longitudinal) group, but the high slope of the PDL group appeared larger due to the stabilization treatment. This highlights the potential impact of density variations on the mechanical properties of specific specimen groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Won Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiseung Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungik Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Emrah Akkoyun
- TÜBITAK-ULAKBIM, Turkish Academic Network and Information Center, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Dongman Ryu
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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5
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Niestrawska JA, Spronck B, Cavinato C, Humphrey JD. Tempol improves aortic mechanics in a mouse model of hypertension. J Biomech 2024; 162:111911. [PMID: 38150954 PMCID: PMC10896091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension-induced arterial remodeling is thought to be a response to increases in both mechanical stress and oxidative stress. The superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempol has been shown to reduce adverse aortic remodeling in multiple murine models of hypertension but in the absence of a detailed assessment of the biaxial biomechanics. We show that concurrent treatment with Tempol in a common mouse model of systemic hypertension results in modest reductions in both wall thickening and circumferential material stiffness that yet work together to achieve a significant reduction in calculated aortic pulse wave velocity. Reducing elevated values of pulse wave velocity engenders multiple benefits to cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna A Niestrawska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Cristina Cavinato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civile, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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6
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Cerecedo D, Martínez-Vieyra I, Hernández-Rojo I, Hernández-Cruz A, Rincón-Heredia R, Millán-Aldaco D, Mendoza-Garrido ME. Reactive oxygen species downregulate dystroglycans in the megakaryocytes of rats with arterial hypertension. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113847. [PMID: 37931771 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disease characterized by vascular and renal dysfunction, cardiovascular remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis, all of which are associated with oxidative stress. We previously demonstrated cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) imbalances may impact the structural and biochemical functions of blood cells and reported downregulation of β-dystroglycan (β-Dg) and overexpression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension. In this study, we aimed to determine the expression of dystroglycans (Dg) and ENaC in platelet progenitors (megakaryocytes) and their surrounding niches. Thin sections of bone marrow from 5- and 28-week-old spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) were compared to age-matched normotensive rats (WKY). Cytometry and immunohistochemical assays demonstrated an oxidative environment in SHR bone marrow, characterized by high levels of myeloperoxidase and 3-nitrotyrosine and downregulation of peroxiredoxin II. In addition, transmission electron micrography and confocal microscopy revealed morphological changes in platelets and Mgks from SHR rats, including swollen mitochondria. Quantitative qRT-PCR assays confirmed downregulation of Dg mRNA and immunohistochemistry and western-blotting validated low expression of β-Dg, mainly in the phosphorylated form, in Mgks from 28-week-old SHR rats. Moreover, we observed a progressive increase in β-1 integrin expression in Mgks and extracellular matrix proteins in Mgk niches in SHR rats compared to WKY controls. These results indicate accumulation of ROS promotes oxidative stress within the bone marrow environment and detrimentally affects cellular homeostasis in hypertensive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Cerecedo
- Laboratorio de Hematobiología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ivette Martínez-Vieyra
- Laboratorio de Hematobiología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isaac Hernández-Rojo
- Laboratorio de Hematobiología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Hernández-Cruz
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rincón-Heredia
- Microscopy Core Unit, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Millán-Aldaco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Eugenia Mendoza-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Shazly T, Uline M, Webb C, Pederson B, Eberth JF, Kolachalama VB. Novel Payloads to Mitigate Maladaptive Inward Arterial Remodeling in Drug-Coated Balloon Therapy. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:121004. [PMID: 37542712 PMCID: PMC10578076 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug-coated balloon therapy is a minimally invasive endovascular approach to treat obstructive arterial disease, with increasing utilization in the peripheral circulation due to improved outcomes as compared to alternative interventional modalities. Broader clinical use of drug-coated balloons is limited by an incomplete understanding of device- and patient-specific determinants of treatment efficacy, including late outcomes that are mediated by postinterventional maladaptive inward arterial remodeling. To address this knowledge gap, we propose a predictive mathematical model of pressure-mediated femoral artery remodeling following drug-coated balloon deployment, with account of drug-based modulation of resident vascular cell phenotype and common patient comorbidities, namely, hypertension and endothelial cell dysfunction. Our results elucidate how postinterventional arterial remodeling outcomes are altered by the delivery of a traditional anti-proliferative drug, as well as by codelivery with an anti-contractile drug. Our findings suggest that codelivery of anti-proliferative and anti-contractile drugs could improve patient outcomes following drug-coated balloon therapy, motivating further consideration of novel payloads in next-generation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Shazly
- College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; College of Engineering and Computing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Mark Uline
- College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; College of Engineering and Computing, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Clinton Webb
- College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Breanna Pederson
- College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - John F. Eberth
- Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Vijaya B. Kolachalama
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118; Department of Computer Science and Faculty of Computing and Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115
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8
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Liu X, Halvorsen S, Blanke N, Downs M, Stein TD, Bigio IJ, Zaia J, Zhang Y. Progressive Mechanical and Structural Changes in Anterior Cerebral Arteries with Alzheimer's Disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3283587. [PMID: 37693508 PMCID: PMC10491325 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3283587/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the main cause for dementia. The irreversible neurodegeneration leads to a gradual loss of brain function characterized predominantly by memory loss. Cerebrovascular changes are common neuropathologic findings in aged subjects with dementia. Cerebrovascular integrity is critical for proper metabolism and perfusion of the brain, as cerebrovascular remodeling may render the brain more susceptible to pulse pressure and may be associated with poorer cognitive performance and greater risk of cerebrovascular events. The objective of this study is to provide understanding of cerebrovascular remodeling with AD progression. A total of 28 brain donor participants with human anterior cerebral artery (ACA) from controls and pathologically diagnosed AD groups (early - Braak stages I-II; intermediate - Braak stages III-IV; and advanced - Braak stages V-VI) were included in this study. Mechanical testing, histology, advanced optical imaging, and mass spectrometry were performed to study the progressive structural and functional changes of ACAs with AD progression. Biaxial extension-inflation tests showed that ACAs became progressively less compliant, and the longitudinal stress in the intermediate& advanced AD groups was significantly higher than that from the control group. With pathological AD development, the inner and outer diameter of ACA remained almost unchanged; however, histology study revealed progressive smooth muscle cell atrophy and loss of elastic fibers which led to compromised structural integrity of the arterial wall. Multiphoton imaging demonstrated elastin degradation at the media-adventitia interface, which led to the formation of an empty band of 21.0 ± 15.4 μm and 32.8 ± 9.24 μm in width for the intermediate& advanced AD groups, respectively. Furthermore, quantitative birefringence microscopy showed disorganized adventitial collagen with AD development. Mass spectrometry analysis provided further evidence of altered collagen content and other extracellular matrix (ECM) molecule and smooth muscle cell changes that were consistent with the mechanical and structural alterations. Collectively, our study provides understanding of the mechanical and structural cerebrovascular deterioration in cerebral arteries with AD, which may be related to neurodegenration and pathology in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Margaret Downs
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Joseph Zaia
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
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9
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Irons L, Cavinato C, Humphrey JD. Persistent non-homeostatic remodeling of aortic collagen following a brief episode of hypertension: A computational study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 144:105966. [PMID: 37327590 PMCID: PMC10353492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The healthy adult aorta exhibits a remarkable homeostatic ability to respond to sustained changes in hemodynamic loads under many circumstances, but this mechanical homeostasis can be compromised or lost in natural aging and diverse pathological processes. Herein, we investigate persistent non-homeostatic changes in the composition and mechanical properties of the thoracic aorta in adult wild-type mice following 14 days of angiotensin II-induced hypertension. We employ a multiscale computational model of arterial growth and remodeling driven by mechanosensitive and angiotensin II-related cell signaling pathways. We find that experimentally observed findings can only be recapitulated computationally if the collagen deposited during the transient period of hypertension has altered properties (deposition stretch, fiber angle, crosslinking) compared with the collagen produced in the original homeostatic state. Some of these changes are predicted to persist for at least six months after blood pressure is restored to normal levels, consistent with the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Irons
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cristina Cavinato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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10
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Ganizada BH, Reesink KD, Parikh S, Ramaekers MJFG, Akbulut AC, Saraber PJMH, Debeij GP, Jaminon AM, Natour E, Lorusso R, Wildberger JE, Mees B, Schurink GW, Jacobs MJ, Cleutjens J, Krapels I, Gombert A, Maessen JG, Accord R, Delhaas T, Schalla S, Schurgers LJ, Bidar E. The Maastricht Acquisition Platform for Studying Mechanisms of Cell-Matrix Crosstalk (MAPEX): An Interdisciplinary and Systems Approach towards Understanding Thoracic Aortic Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2095. [PMID: 37626592 PMCID: PMC10452257 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Current management guidelines for ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (aTAA) recommend intervention once ascending or sinus diameter reaches 5-5.5 cm or shows a growth rate of >0.5 cm/year estimated from echo/CT/MRI. However, many aTAA dissections (aTAAD) occur in vessels with diameters below the surgical intervention threshold of <55 mm. Moreover, during aTAA repair surgeons observe and experience considerable variations in tissue strength, thickness, and stiffness that appear not fully explained by patient risk factors. To improve the understanding of aTAA pathophysiology, we established a multi-disciplinary research infrastructure: The Maastricht acquisition platform for studying mechanisms of tissue-cell crosstalk (MAPEX). The explicit scientific focus of the platform is on the dynamic interactions between vascular smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix (i.e., cell-matrix crosstalk), which play an essential role in aortic wall mechanical homeostasis. Accordingly, we consider pathophysiological influences of wall shear stress, wall stress, and smooth muscle cell phenotypic diversity and modulation. Co-registrations of hemodynamics and deep phenotyping at the histological and cell biology level are key innovations of our platform and are critical for understanding aneurysm formation and dissection at a fundamental level. The MAPEX platform enables the interpretation of the data in a well-defined clinical context and therefore has real potential for narrowing existing knowledge gaps. A better understanding of aortic mechanical homeostasis and its derangement may ultimately improve diagnostic and prognostic possibilities to identify and treat symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with existing and developing aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta H. Ganizada
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen D. Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shaiv Parikh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mitch J. F. G. Ramaekers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Asim C. Akbulut
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Stem Cell Research University Maastricht Facility, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pepijn J. M. H. Saraber
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs P. Debeij
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - MUMC-TAA Student Team
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
| | - Armand M. Jaminon
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Natour
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
| | - Roberto Lorusso
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
| | - Joachim E. Wildberger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Barend Mees
- Department of Vascular Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Willem Schurink
- Department of Vascular Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Jacobs
- Department of Vascular Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Cleutjens
- Department of Pathology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Krapels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Gombert
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jos G. Maessen
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
| | - Ryan Accord
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Schalla
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Stem Cell Research University Maastricht Facility, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elham Bidar
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
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11
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Debeij GP, Parikh S, Delhaas T, Bidar E, Reesink KD. Evidence in Clinical Studies for the Role of Wall Thickness in Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: A Scoping Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:882. [PMID: 37627767 PMCID: PMC10451294 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm is a chronic degenerative pathology characterized by dilatation of this segment of the aorta. Clinical guidelines use aortic diameter and growth rate as predictors of rupture and dissection. However, these guidelines neglect the effects of tissue remodeling, which may affect wall thickness. The present study aims to systematically review observational studies to examine to what extent wall thickness is considered and measured in clinical practice. METHODS Using PubMed and Web of Science, studies were identified with data on ascending aortic wall thickness, morphology, aortic diameter, and measurement techniques. RESULTS 15 included studies report several methods by which wall thickness is measured. No association was observed between wall thickness and aortic diameter across included studies. Wall thickness values appear not materially different between aneurysmatic aortas and non-aneurysmal aortas. CONCLUSIONS The effects on and consequences of wall thickness changes during ATAA formation are ill-defined. Wall thickness values for aneurysmatic aortas can be similar to aortas with normal diameters. Given the existing notion that wall thickness is a determinant of mechanical stress homeostasis, our review exposes a clear need for consistent as well as clinically applicable methods and studies to quantify wall thickness in ascending aortic aneurysm research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs P. Debeij
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart & Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shaiv Parikh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elham Bidar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart & Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen D. Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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12
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Zeng W, Zhang X, Lu Y, Wen Y, Xie Q, Yang X, He S, Guo Z, Li J, Shen A, Peng J. Neferine ameliorates hypertensive vascular remodeling modulating multiple signaling pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114203. [PMID: 36916429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neferine exhibits therapeutic effects on anti-hypertension. However, the effect of neferine on hypertensive vascular remodeling remains unexplored. Therefore, the current study was to investigate the effect of neferine on hypertensive vascular remodeling and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Total 30 male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided randomly into five groups, including SHR, Neferine-L (2.5 mg/kg/day), Neferine-M (5 mg/kg/day), Neferine-H (10 mg/kg/day), and Valsartan (10 mg/kg/day) groups (n = 6 for each group). Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were set as control group (n = 6). Noninvasive blood pressure system, ultrasound, hematoxylin and eosin staining, masson trichrome staining were used to detect the blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), pathological changes and collagen content in abdominal aortas of SHRs. RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemistry(IHC) analyses were used to identify and verify the differentially expressed transcripts and activation of associated signaling pathways in SHRs. RESULTS Various concentrations of neferine or valsartan treatment substantially reduced the elevation of blood pressure, PWV, and abdominal aortic thickening of SHRs. RNA-sequencing and KEGG analyses recognized 441 differentially expressed transcripts and several enriched pathways (including PI3K/AKT and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathways) after neferine treatment. Masson trichromatic staining and IHC analysis demonstrated that neferine treatment decreased the collagen content and down-regulated the protein expression of PCNA, collagen I & III, and fibronectin, as well as p-PI3K, p-AKT, TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 in abdominal aortic tissues of SHRs. CONCLUSION Neferine treatment exhibits therapeutic effects on anti-hypertension and reduces vascular remodeling, as well as suppresses the abnormal activation of multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Shuyu He
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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13
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Sullivan MN, Thakore P, Krishnan V, Alphonsa S, Li W, Feng Earley Y, Earley S. Endothelial cell TRPA1 activity exacerbates cerebral hemorrhage during severe hypertension. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1129435. [PMID: 36793787 PMCID: PMC9922848 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1129435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hypoxia-induced dilation of cerebral arteries orchestrated by Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) cation channels on endothelial cells is neuroprotective during ischemic stroke, but it is unknown if the channel has a similar impact during hemorrhagic stroke. TRPA1 channels are endogenously activated by lipid peroxide metabolites generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Uncontrolled hypertension, a primary risk factor for the development of hemorrhagic stroke, is associated with increased ROS production and oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that TRPA1 channel activity is increased during hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: Severe, chronic hypertension was induced in control (Trpa1 fl/fl) and endothelial cell-specific TRPA1 knockout (Trpa1-ecKO) mice using a combination of chronic angiotensin II administration, a high-salt diet, and the addition of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor to drinking water. Blood pressure was measured in awake, freely-moving mice using surgically placed radiotelemetry transmitters. TRPA1-dependent cerebral artery dilation was evaluated with pressure myography, and expression of TRPA1 and NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms in arteries from both groups was determined using PCR and Western blotting techniques. In addition, ROS generation capacity was evaluated using a lucigenin assay. Histology was performed to examine intracerebral hemorrhage lesion size and location. Results: All animals became hypertensive, and a majority developed intracerebral hemorrhages or died of unknown causes. Baseline blood pressure and responses to the hypertensive stimulus did not differ between groups. Expression of TRPA1 in cerebral arteries from control mice was not altered after 28 days of treatment, but expression of three NOX isoforms and the capacity for ROS generation was increased in hypertensive animals. NOX-dependent activation of TRPA1 channels dilated cerebral arteries from hypertensive animals to a greater extent compared with controls. The number of intracerebral hemorrhage lesions in hypertensive animals did not differ between control and Trpa1-ecKO animals but were significantly smaller in Trpa1-ecKO mice. Morbidity and mortality did not differ between groups. Discussion: We conclude that endothelial cell TRPA1 channel activity increases cerebral blood flow during hypertension resulting in increased extravasation of blood during intracerebral hemorrhage events; however, this effect does not impact overall survival. Our data suggest that blocking TRPA1 channels may not be helpful for treating hypertension-associated hemorrhagic stroke in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N. Sullivan
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Pratish Thakore
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Vivek Krishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Sushma Alphonsa
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Yumei Feng Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
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Rachev A, Shazly T. A Mathematical Model of Maladaptive Inward Eutrophic Remodeling of Muscular Arteries in Hypertension. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:011012. [PMID: 35900832 PMCID: PMC9445322 DOI: 10.1115/1.4055109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We propose a relatively simple two-dimensional mathematical model for maladaptive inward remodeling of resistive arteries in hypertension in terms of vascular solid mechanics. The main premises are: (i) maladaptive inward remodeling manifests as a reduced increase in the arterial mass compared to the case of adaptive remodeling under equivalent hypertensive pressures and (ii) the pressure-induced circumferential stress in the arterial wall is restored to its basal target value as happens in the case of adaptive remodeling. The rationale for these assumptions is the experimental findings that elevated tone in association with sustained hypertensive pressure down-regulate the normal differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells from contractile to synthetic phenotype and the data for the calculated hoop stress before and after completion of remodeling. Results from illustrative simulations show that as the hypertensive pressure increases, remodeling causes a nonmonotonic variation of arterial mass, a decrease in inner arterial diameter, and an increase in wall thickness. These findings and the model prediction that inward eutrophic remodeling is preceded by inward hypertrophic remodeling are supported by published observations. Limitations and perspectives for refining the mathematical model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rachev
- College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; Institute of Mechanics, Acad. G Bonchev Str. Block 4, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Tarek Shazly
- College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
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Rendon CJ, Flood E, Thompson JM, Chirivi M, Watts SW, Contreras GA. PIEZO1 mechanoreceptor activation reduces adipogenesis in perivascular adipose tissue preadipocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:995499. [PMID: 36120469 PMCID: PMC9471253 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.995499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During hypertension, vascular remodeling allows the blood vessel to withstand mechanical forces induced by high blood pressure (BP). This process is well characterized in the media and intima layers of the vessel but not in the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). In PVAT, there is evidence for fibrosis development during hypertension; however, PVAT remodeling is poorly understood. In non-PVAT depots, mechanical forces can affect adipogenesis and lipogenic stages in preadipocytes. In tissues exposed to high magnitudes of pressure like bone, the activation of the mechanosensor PIEZO1 induces differentiation of progenitor cells towards osteogenic lineages. PVAT's anatomical location continuously exposes it to forces generated by blood flow that could affect adipogenesis in normotensive and hypertensive states. In this study, we hypothesize that activation of PIEZO1 reduces adipogenesis in PVAT preadipocytes. The hypothesis was tested using pharmacological and mechanical activation of PIEZO1. Thoracic aorta PVAT (APVAT) was collected from 10-wk old male SD rats (n=15) to harvest preadipocytes that were differentiated to adipocytes in the presence of the PIEZO1 agonist Yoda1 (10 µM). Mechanical stretch was applied with the FlexCell System at 12% elongation, half-sine at 1 Hz simultaneously during the 4 d of adipogenesis (MS+, mechanical force applied; MS-, no mechanical force used). Yoda1 reduced adipogenesis by 33% compared with CON and, as expected, increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ flux. MS+ reduced adipogenesis efficiency compared with MS-. When Piezo1 expression was blocked with siRNA [siPiezo1; NC=non-coding siRNA], the anti-adipogenic effect of Yoda1 was reversed in siPiezo1 cells but not in NC; in contrast, siPiezo1 did not alter the inhibitory effect of MS+ on adipogenesis. These data demonstrate that PIEZO1 activation in PVAT reduces adipogenesis and lipogenesis and provides initial evidence for an adaptive response to excessive mechanical forces in PVAT during hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Javier Rendon
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Emma Flood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Janice M. Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Miguel Chirivi
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Stephanie W. Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - G. Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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16
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Jin R, Yang R, Cui C, Zhang H, Cai J, Geng B, Chen Z. Ferroptosis due to Cystathionine γ Lyase/Hydrogen Sulfide Downregulation Under High Hydrostatic Pressure Exacerbates VSMC Dysfunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:829316. [PMID: 35186934 PMCID: PMC8850391 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.829316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrostatic pressure, stretch, and shear are major biomechanical forces of vessels and play critical roles in genesis and development of hypertension. Our previous work demonstrated that high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) promoted vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) two novel subsets: inflammatory and endothelial function inhibitory VSMCs and then exacerbated VSMC dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we first identified that aortic GPX4 (a core regulator of ferroptosis) significantly downregulated association with VSMC novel phenotype elevation in SHR rats and hypertension patients. In primary VSMCs, HHP (200 mmHg) increased iron accumulation, ROS production, and lipid peroxidation compared with normal pressure (100 mmHg). Consistently, the ferroptosis-related gene (COX-2, TFRC, ACSL4, and NOX-1) expression was also upregulated. The ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) administration blocked HHP-induced VSMC inflammatory (CXCL2 expression) and endothelial function inhibitory (AKR1C2 expression) phenotyping switch association with elevation in the GPX4 expression, reduction in the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation production. In contrast, the ferroptosis inducer RLS3 increased HHP-induced CXCL2 and AKR1C2 expressions. These data indicate HHP-triggering ferroptosis contributes to VSMC inflammatory and endothelial function inhibitory phenotyping switch. In mechanism, HHP reduced the VSMC GSH content and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S)—an essential system for GSH generation. Supplementation of the H2S donor-NaHS increased the VSMC GSH level, alleviated iron deposit, ROS and lipid peroxidation production. NaHS administration rescues both HHP- and RLS3-induced ferroptosis. Collectively, HHP downregulated VSMC CSE/H2S triggering GSH level reduction, resulting in ferroptosis, which contributed to the genesis of VSMC inflammation and endothelial function inhibitory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bin Geng
- *Correspondence: Bin Geng, ; Zhenzhen Chen,
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17
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The L-shaped association between superoxide dismutase levels and blood pressure in older Chinese adults: community-based, cross-sectional study. J Geriatr Cardiol 2022; 19:71-82. [PMID: 35233225 PMCID: PMC8832044 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an antioxidant, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) have been found to be associated with hypertension. METHODS The data were derived from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a prospective cohort study in China. We explored the association between serum SOD and blood pressure (BP) using multivariable correction analysis in an older Chinese population. RESULTS We observed a significantly gradual downward trend in the association between serum SOD levels and diastolic BP (DBP) in participants with lower serum SOD levels (< 58 IU/mL), while no associations were observed between serum SOD levels and DBP in participants with higher serum SOD levels (> 58 IU/mL). Similar results showed a significant gradual downward trend in associations between serum SOD levels and the risk of diastolic hypertension only at SOD < 58 IU/mL. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that serum SOD was negatively correlated with DBP (Sβ = -0.088,P < 0.001) but not with SBP (Sβ = 0.013, P = 0.607). Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that serum SOD was independently associated with the risk of diastolic hypertension (OR = 0.984, 95% CI: 0.973-0.996, P = 0.010) but not with the risk of systolic hypertension (OR = 1.001, 95% CI: 0.990-1.012,P = 0.836)) after adjusting for relevant confounding factors. Serum SOD levels (< 58 IU/mL, > 58 IU/mL) were an effect modifier of the association between serum SOD and DBP (interactionP = 0.0038) or the risk of diastolic hypertension (interaction P = 0.0050). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated for the first time that there was an L-shaped association between serum SOD levels and the risk of diastolic hypertension in the older Chinese population.
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18
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Petit C, Karkhaneh Yousefi AA, Guilbot M, Barnier V, Avril S. AFM Stiffness Mapping in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:1133331. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4053657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (SMCs) play a vital role in maintaining mechanical homeostasis in the aorta. We recently found that SMCs of aneurysmal aortas apply larger traction forces than SMCs of healthy aortas. This result was explained by the significant increase of hypertrophic SMCs abundance in aneurysms. In the present study, we investigate whether the cytoskeleton stiffness of SMCs may also be altered in aneurysmal aortas. For that, we use Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation with a specific mode that allows subcellular-resolution mapping of the local stiffness across a specified region of interest of the cell. Aortic SMCs from a commercial human lineage (AoSMCs, Lonza) and primary aneurysmal SMCs (AnevSMCs) are cultured in conditions promoting the development of their contractile apparatus, and seeded on hydrogels with stiffness properties of 12kPa and 25kPa. Results show that all SMC exhibit globally a lognormal stiffness distribution, with medians in the range 10-30 kPa. The mean of stiffness distributions is slightly higher in aneurysmal SMCs than in healthy cells (16 kPa versus 12 kPa) but the differences are not statistically significant due to the large dispersion of AFM nanoindentation stiffness. We conclude that the possible alterations previously found in aneurysmal SMCs do not affect significantly the AFM nanoindentation stiffness of their cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Petit
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne France
| | | | - Marine Guilbot
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne France
| | - Vincent Barnier
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne France
| | - Stephane Avril
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne France
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Cho YW, Won JY. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in Immunocompetent Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2022.63.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We report five cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in immunocompetent patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: This was a retrospective observational case series of five immunocompetent patients with CMV retinitis. All patients had DM and variable degrees of DM retinopathy. After discovery of the retinitis, we assessed the patients in terms of ophthalmologic history, systemic conditions, underlying disease, and the medications used for treatment, such as immunosuppressants. This was followed by blood and immunology tests. None of the five patients were immunocompromised. We confirmed the diagnosis of CMV retinitis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis; samples were collected by anterior chamber paracentesis. All patients were treated with intravitreal antiviral injection until negative results were obtained for the anterior chamber PCR.Results: All five immunocompetent patients who had developed CMV retinitis, had a history of diabetes of at least 15 years. The average duration of diabetes was 17.4 ± 2.4 (15-20) years, the average HbA1c was 7.3 ± 0.5% (6.8-8.0%), and the average duration and numbers of Intravitreal antiviral injections were 23.8 ± 8.5 months (14-36 months) and 14.8 ± 3.2 times (10-18 times), respectively.Conclusions: We report this case series because CMV retinitis can be complicated even in diabetic patients shown to be immunocompetent.
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20
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Yang D, Wei GY, Li M, Peng MS, Sun Y, Zhang YL, Lu C, Qing KX, Cai HB. Cyclic tensile strain facilitates proliferation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells and reduces their apoptosis via miRNA-187-3p. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11439-11450. [PMID: 34895047 PMCID: PMC8810176 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2009321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular is a system that contains extremely complex mechanical factors, in which the circulatory flow of blood has rich mechanical laws. Many studies have revealed that mechanical factors play a very important role in the process of revascularization. Hence, it is essential to investigate the mechanical factors in the process of revascularization in depth. A cyclic tensile strain (CTS) was applied to human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) at a frequency of 1 Hz and amplitudes of 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively. SmallRNA-seq was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) responding to CTS in HASMCs. Starbase database predicted the target genes of DE-miRNAs. Metascape was applied for GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction network construction. The proliferation and migration of CTS-treated HASMCs were significantly enhanced, and apoptosis were significantly reduced compared to the control group. SmallRNA-seq results demonstrated that 55, 16 and 16 DE-miRNAs were present in 5%, 10% and 15% CTS-treated HASMCs, respectively. Compared to controls, with miR-26a-2-3p and miR-187-3p being the intersection of these DE-miRNAs. Starbase database identified 189 common target genes for miR-26a-2-3p and miR-187-3p. Common target genes are mainly enriched in the basolateral plasma membrane and endocytosis. Further, in vitro experiments exhibited that CTS upregulated miR-187-3p expression, and miR-187-3p enhanced the proliferation and migration of HASMCs and reduced their apoptosis. It is suggested that miR-187-3p may be an important target for CTS participate in the process of cardiovascular disease. ![]() ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Wei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Peng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Liang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chuang Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kai-Xiong Qing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Bo Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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21
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Kemper PPN, Mahmoudi S, Apostolakis IZ, Konofagou EE. Feasibility of Bilinear Mechanical Characterization of the Abdominal Aorta in a Hypertensive Mouse Model. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:3480-3490. [PMID: 34507874 PMCID: PMC8693438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A change in elastin and collagen content is indicative of damage caused by hypertension, which changes the non-linear behavior of the vessel wall. This study was aimed at investigating the feasibility of monitoring the non-linear material behavior in an angiotensin II hypertensive mice model. Aortas from 13 hypertensive mice were imaged with pulse wave imaging (PWI) over 4 wk using a 40-MHz linear array. The pulse wave velocity was estimated using two wave features: (i) the maximum axial acceleration of the foot (PWVdia) and (ii) the maximum axial acceleration of the dicrotic notch (PWVend-sys). The Bramwell-Hill equation was used to derive the compliance at diastolic and end-systolic pressure. This study determined the potential of PWI in a hypertensive mouse model to image and quantify the non-linear material behavior in vivo. End-systolic compliance could differentiate between the sham and angiotensin II groups, whereas diastolic compliance could not, indicating that PWI can detect early collagen-dominated remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul P N Kemper
- Ultrasound and Elasticity Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Salah Mahmoudi
- Ultrasound and Elasticity Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Iason Zacharias Apostolakis
- Ultrasound and Elasticity Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elisa E Konofagou
- Ultrasound and Elasticity Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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22
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Humphrey JD. Constrained Mixture Models of Soft Tissue Growth and Remodeling - Twenty Years After. JOURNAL OF ELASTICITY 2021; 145:49-75. [PMID: 34483462 PMCID: PMC8415366 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-020-09809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Soft biological tissues compromise diverse cell types and extracellular matrix constituents, each of which can possess individual natural configurations, material properties, and rates of turnover. For this reason, mixture-based models of growth (changes in mass) and remodeling (change in microstructure) are well-suited for studying tissue adaptations, disease progression, and responses to injury or clinical intervention. Such approaches also can be used to design improved tissue engineered constructs to repair, replace, or regenerate tissues. Focusing on blood vessels as archetypes of soft tissues, this paper reviews a constrained mixture theory introduced twenty years ago and explores its usage since by contrasting simulations of diverse vascular conditions. The discussion is framed within the concept of mechanical homeostasis, with consideration of solid-fluid interactions, inflammation, and cell signaling highlighting both past accomplishments and future opportunities as we seek to understand better the evolving composition, geometry, and material behaviors of soft tissues under complex conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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23
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Spronck B, Latorre M, Wang M, Mehta S, Caulk AW, Ren P, Ramachandra AB, Murtada SI, Rojas A, He CS, Jiang B, Bersi MR, Tellides G, Humphrey JD. Excessive adventitial stress drives inflammation-mediated fibrosis in hypertensive aortic remodelling in mice. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210336. [PMID: 34314650 PMCID: PMC8315831 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension induces significant aortic remodelling, often adaptive but sometimes not. To identify immuno-mechanical mechanisms responsible for differential remodelling, we studied thoracic aortas from 129S6/SvEvTac and C57BL/6 J mice before and after continuous 14-day angiotensin II infusion, which elevated blood pressure similarly in both strains. Histological and biomechanical assessments of excised vessels were similar at baseline, suggesting a common homeostatic set-point for mean wall stress. Histology further revealed near mechano-adaptive remodelling of the hypertensive 129S6/SvEvTac aortas, but a grossly maladaptive remodelling of C57BL/6 J aortas. Bulk RNA sequencing suggested that increased smooth muscle contractile processes promoted mechano-adaptation of 129S6/SvEvTac aortas while immune processes prevented adaptation of C57BL/6 J aortas. Functional studies confirmed an increased vasoconstrictive capacity of the former while immunohistochemistry demonstrated marked increases in inflammatory cells in the latter. We then used multiple computational biomechanical models to test the hypothesis that excessive adventitial wall stress correlates with inflammatory cell infiltration. These models consistently predicted that increased vasoconstriction against an increased pressure coupled with modest deposition of new matrix thickens the wall appropriately, restoring wall stress towards homeostatic consistent with adaptive remodelling. By contrast, insufficient vasoconstriction permits high wall stresses and exuberant inflammation-driven matrix deposition, especially in the adventitia, reflecting compromised homeostasis and gross maladaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcos Latorre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sameet Mehta
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander W. Caulk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pengwei Ren
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Sae-Il Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexia Rojas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chang-Shun He
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew R. Bersi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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24
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Wu X, Ono M, Kawashima H, Poon EKW, Torii R, Shahzad A, Gao C, Wang R, Barlis P, von Birgelen C, Reiber JHC, Bourantas CV, Tu S, Wijns W, Serruys PW, Onuma Y. Angiography-Based 4-Dimensional Superficial Wall Strain and Stress: A New Diagnostic Tool in the Catheterization Laboratory. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:667310. [PMID: 34222366 PMCID: PMC8249568 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.667310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method for four-dimensional superficial wall strain and stress (4D-SWS) is derived from the arterial motion as pictured by invasive coronary angiography. Compared with the conventional finite element analysis of cardiovascular biomechanics using the estimated pulsatile pressure, the 4D-SWS approach can calculate the dynamic mechanical state of the superficial wall in vivo, which could be directly linked with plaque rupture or stent fracture. The validation of this approach using in silico models showed that the distribution and maximum values of superficial wall stress were similar to those calculated by conventional finite element analysis. The in vivo deformation was validated on 16 coronary arteries, from the comparison of centerlines predicted by the 4D-SWS approach against the actual centerlines reconstructed from angiograms at a randomly selected time-point, which demonstrated a good agreement of the centerline morphology between both approaches (scaling: 0.995 ± 0.018 and dissimilarity: 0.007 ± 0.014). The in silico vessel models with softer plaque and larger plaque burden presented more variation in mean lumen diameter and resulted in higher superficial wall stress. In more than half of the patients (n = 16), the maximum superficial wall stress was found at the proximal lesion shoulder. Additionally, in three patients who later suffered from acute coronary syndrome, the culprit plaque rupture sites co-localized with the site of highest superficial wall stress on their baseline angiography. These representative cases suggest that angiography-based superficial wall dynamics have the potential to identify coronary segments at high-risk of plaque rupture and fracture sites of implanted stents. Ongoing studies are focusing on identifying weak spots in coronary bypass grafts, and on exploring the biomechanical mechanisms of coronary arterial remodeling and aneurysm formation. Future developments involve integration of fast computational techniques to allow online availability of superficial wall strain and stress in the catheterization laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,Smart Sensors Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hideyuki Kawashima
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric K W Poon
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryo Torii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atif Shahzad
- Smart Sensors Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Rutao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Peter Barlis
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry Health Sciences, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Clemens von Birgelen
- Thoraxcentrum Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Johan H C Reiber
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christos V Bourantas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shengxian Tu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrument Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - William Wijns
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,Smart Sensors Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Patrick W Serruys
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshinobu Onuma
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
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25
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Nemoto S, Konishi H, Suzuki T, Shimada R, Katsumata T, Osawa S, Yamaguchi A. Long-term viability and extensibility of an in situ regenerated canine aortic wall using hybrid warp-knitted fabric. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 33:165-172. [PMID: 33880514 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many surgical materials promoting tissue regeneration have been explored for use in paediatric cardiac surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term viability and extensibility of the canine aortic wall regenerated using a novel synthetic hybrid fabric. METHODS The sheet is a warp-knitted fabric of biodegradable (poly-l-lactic acid) and non-biodegradable (polyethylene terephthalate) yarns coated with cross-linked gelatine. This material was implanted as a patch to fill an oval-shaped defect created in the canine descending aorta. The tissue samples were explanted after 12, 24 or 36 months (N = 3, 2, 2, respectively) for histological examination and biomechanical testing. RESULTS There was no shrinkage, rupture or aneurysmal change after 24 months. The regenerated wall showed prototypical vascular healing without material degeneration, chronic inflammation, calcification or abnormal intimal overgrowth. Bridging tissue across the patch was well-formed and had expanded over time. The biodegradable yarns had completely degraded at 24 months after implantation, as scheduled, but the regenerated aortic wall demonstrated satisfactory levels of mechanical strength and extensibility in tensile strength tests. CONCLUSIONS The sheet achieved good long-term viability and extensibility in the regenerated aortic wall. These findings suggest that it is a promising surgical material for repairing congenital heart defects. Further developments of the sheet are required, including clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Nemoto
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Konishi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Shimada
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Katsumata
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satomi Osawa
- Toxicology Research Department, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayuko Yamaguchi
- Healthcare Business Development-Medical Device, Teijin Limited, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Prado AF, Batista RIM, Tanus-Santos JE, Gerlach RF. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Arterial Hypertension: Role of Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in Vascular Functional and Structural Alterations. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040585. [PMID: 33923477 PMCID: PMC8074048 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been implicated in hypertension, but those resulting in vascular dysfunction and remodeling are critical and may help to identify critical pharmacological targets. This mini-review article focuses on central mechanisms contributing to the vascular dysfunction and remodeling of hypertension, increased oxidative stress and impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which enhance vascular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. The relationship between NO, MMP and oxidative stress culminating in the vascular alterations of hypertension is examined. While the alterations of hypertension are not fully attributable to these pathophysiological mechanisms, there is strong evidence that such mechanisms play critical roles in increasing vascular MMP expression and activity, thus resulting in abnormal degradation of extracellular matrix components, receptors, peptides, and intracellular proteins involved in the regulation of vascular function and structure. Imbalanced vascular MMP activity promotes vasoconstriction and impairs vasodilation, stimulating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to switch from contractile to synthetic phenotypes, thus facilitating cell growth or migration, which is associated with the deposition of extracellular matrix components. Finally, the protective effects of MMP inhibitors, antioxidants and drugs that enhance vascular NO activity are briefly discussed. Newly emerging therapies that address these essential mechanisms may offer significant advantages to prevent vascular remodeling in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F. Prado
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Rose I. M. Batista
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; (R.I.M.B.); (J.E.T.-S.)
| | - Jose E. Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; (R.I.M.B.); (J.E.T.-S.)
| | - Raquel F. Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-33154065
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27
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Luo F, Wu Y, Ding Q, Yuan Y, Jia W. Rs884225 polymorphism is associated with primary hypertension by compromising interaction between epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and miR-214. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3714-3723. [PMID: 33635564 PMCID: PMC8051725 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in the 3′UTR of mRNAs as well as sequences of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can affect gene expression by interfering with the binding between them. In this study, we investigated the role of the following polymorphisms in the risk of hypertension: the 774T > C (rs17337023) polymorphism located in the EGFR 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR), the rs884225 polymorphism located in the sequence of miR‐214, and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs325797437, rs344501106, rs81286029 and rs318656749 located in the promoter of lncRNA MEG3. Taqman genotyping assays and haplotype analysis tools were used to measure the MEG3 haplotypes and the rs17337023 and rs884225 polymorphisms genotypes. The relationship between MEG3, miR‐214 and EGFR was validated using computational analysis and luciferase assays. Unlike other polymorphisms, only patients grouped according to their rs884225 genotypes exhibited varied EGFR mRNA and protein levels, which indicated that the rs884225 genotype is associated with the expression of EGFR mRNA and protein levels. MiR‐214 was confirmed to bind to MEG3 and 3’UTR of EGFR by showing that the transfection of exogenous miR‐214 significantly down‐regulated the luciferase activity of A549 and H460 cells transfected with wild‐type MEG3 or wild‐type EGFR 3’ UTR. Additionally, MEG3 overexpression inhibited miR‐214 expression while elevating the EGFR mRNA and protein expressions. Meanwhile, MEG3 down‐regulation demonstrated an opposite result, thus establishing the MEG3/miR‐214/EGRF signalling pathway. Our study confirmed that the T > C substitution of rs884225 polymorphism located in miR‐214 binding site in the 3’UTR of EGFR is associated with increased risk of primary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yitian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qunfang Ding
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiming Yuan
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Jia
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Zhang W, Wang Q, Xing X, Yang L, Xu M, Cao C, Wang R, Li W, Niu X, Gao D. The antagonistic effects and mechanisms of microRNA-26a action in hypertensive vascular remodelling. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1037-1054. [PMID: 33305374 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypertensive vascular remodelling is responsible for end-organ damage and is the result of increased extracellular matrix accumulation and excessive vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. MicroRNA-26a (miR-26a), a non-coding small RNA, is involved in several cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to validate the effect and mechanisms of miR-26a in hypertensive vascular remodelling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were injected intravenously with recombinant adeno-associated virus-miR-26a. Samples of thoracic aorta were examined histologically with H&E staining. In vitro, angiotensin II (AngII)-induced VSMCs cultured from thoracic aortae of female Sprague-Dawley rats, were transfected with miR-26a mimic or inhibitor. Western blots, qRT-PCR and immunohistological methods were used, along with chromatin-immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Specific siRNAs were used to silence Smad production in VSMCs KEY RESULTS: Levels of miR-26a were lower in the thoracic aorta and plasma of SHRs than in WKY rats. Overexpression of miR-26a inhibited extracellular matrix deposition by targeting connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and decreased VSMC proliferation by regulating the enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2)/p21 pathway both in vitro and in vivo. AngII-mediated Smad3 activation suppressed miR-26a expression, which in turn promoted Smad3 activation via targeted regulation of Smad4, leading to further down-regulation of miR-26a. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our data show that AngII stimulated a Smads/miR-26a positive feedback loop, which further reduced expression of miR-26a, leading to collagen production and VSMC proliferation and consequently vascular remodelling. MiR-26a has an antagonistic effect on hypertensive vascular remodelling and can be a strategy for treating hypertensive vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Qiaozhu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Weicheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Niu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Meishan Branch of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Yanan University School of Medical, Meishan, P.R. China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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Zambrano BA, McLean N, Zhao X, Tan JL, Zhong L, Figueroa CA, Lee LC, Baek S. Patient-Specific Computational Analysis of Hemodynamics and Wall Mechanics and Their Interactions in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:611149. [PMID: 33634080 PMCID: PMC7901991 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.611149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular wall stiffness and hemodynamic parameters are potential biomechanical markers for detecting pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Previous computational analyses, however, have not considered the interaction between blood flow and wall deformation. Here, we applied an established computational framework that utilizes patient-specific measurements of hemodynamics and wall deformation to analyze the coupled fluid-vessel wall interaction in the proximal pulmonary arteries (PA) of six PAH patients and five control subjects. Specifically, we quantified the linearized stiffness (E), relative area change (RAC), diastolic diameter (D), regurgitant flow, and time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) of the proximal PA, as well as the total arterial resistance (R t ) and compliance (C t ) at the distal pulmonary vasculature. Results found that the average proximal PA was stiffer [median: 297 kPa, interquartile range (IQR): 202 kPa vs. median: 75 kPa, IQR: 5 kPa; P = 0.007] with a larger diameter (median: 32 mm, IQR: 5.25 mm vs. median: 25 mm, IQR: 2 mm; P = 0.015) and a reduced RAC (median: 0.22, IQR: 0.10 vs. median: 0.42, IQR: 0.04; P = 0.004) in PAH compared to our control group. Also, higher total resistance (R t ; median: 6.89 mmHg × min/l, IQR: 2.16 mmHg × min/l vs. median: 3.99 mmHg × min/l, IQR: 1.15 mmHg × min/l; P = 0.002) and lower total compliance (C t ; median: 0.13 ml/mmHg, IQR: 0.15 ml/mmHg vs. median: 0.85 ml/mmHg, IQR: 0.51 ml/mmHg; P = 0.041) were observed in the PAH group. Furthermore, lower TAWSS values were seen at the main PA arteries (MPAs) of PAH patients (median: 0.81 Pa, IQR: 0.47 Pa vs. median: 1.56 Pa, IQR: 0.89 Pa; P = 0.026) compared to controls. Correlation analysis within the PAH group found that E was directly correlated to the PA regurgitant flow (r = 0.84, P = 0.018) and inversely related to TAWSS (r = -0.72, P = 0.051). Results suggest that the estimated elastic modulus E may be closely related to PAH hemodynamic changes in pulmonary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron A. Zambrano
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Nathan McLean
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ju-Le Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Zhong
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C. Alberto Figueroa
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lik Chuan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Seungik Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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30
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Watson SR, Cooper KM, Liu P, Gharraee N, Du L, Han SM, Peña EA, Sutton MA, Eberth JF, Lessner SM. Diet alters age-related remodeling of aortic collagen in mice susceptible to atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H52-H65. [PMID: 33373275 PMCID: PMC7847077 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00420.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cells restructure extracellular matrix in response to aging or changes in mechanical loading. Here, we characterized collagen architecture during age-related aortic remodeling in atherosclerosis-prone mice. We hypothesized that changes in collagen fiber orientation reflect an altered balance between passive and active forces acting on the arterial wall. We examined two factors that can alter this balance, endothelial dysfunction and reduced smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractility. Collagen fiber organization was visualized by second-harmonic generation microscopy in aortic adventitia of apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout (KO) mice at 6 wk and 6 mo of age on a chow diet and at 7.5 mo of age on a Western diet (WD), using image analysis to yield mean fiber orientation. Adventitial collagen fibers became significantly more longitudinally oriented with aging in apoE knockout mice on chow diet. Conversely, fibers became more circumferentially oriented with aging in mice on WD. Total collagen content increased significantly with age in mice fed WD. We compared expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and acetylcholine-mediated nitric oxide release but found no evidence of endothelial dysfunction in older mice. Time-averaged volumetric blood flow in all groups showed no significant changes. Wire myography of aortic rings revealed decreases in active stress generation with age that were significantly exacerbated in WD mice. We conclude that the aorta displays a distinct remodeling response to atherogenic stimuli, indicated by altered collagen organization. Collagen reorganization can occur in the absence of altered hemodynamics and may represent an adaptive response to reduced active stress generation by vascular SMCs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The following major observations were made in this study: 1) aortic adventitial collagen fibers become more longitudinally oriented with aging in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a chow diet; 2) conversely, adventitial collagen fibers become more circumferentially oriented with aging in apoE knockout mice fed a high-fat diet; 3) adventitial collagen content increases significantly with age in mice on a high-fat diet; 4) these alterations in collagen organization occur largely in the absence of hemodynamic changes; and 5) circumferential reorientation of collagen is associated with decreased active force generation (contractility) in aged mice on a high-fat diet.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/physiopathology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
- Diet, Western
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fibrillar Collagens/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Vascular Remodeling
- Vasoconstriction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana R Watson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kara M Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Piaomu Liu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bentley University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Nazli Gharraee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Liya Du
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Savannah M Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Edsel A Peña
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Michael A Sutton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - John F Eberth
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Susan M Lessner
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
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31
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Humphrey JD. Mechanisms of Vascular Remodeling in Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2020; 34:432-441. [PMID: 33245319 PMCID: PMC8140657 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is both a cause and a consequence of central artery stiffening, which in turn is an initiator and indicator of myriad disease conditions and thus all-cause mortality. Such stiffening results from a remodeling of the arterial wall that is driven by mechanical stimuli and mediated by inflammatory signals, which together lead to differential gene expression and concomitant changes in extracellular matrix composition and organization. This review focuses on biomechanical mechanisms by which central arteries remodel in hypertension within the context of homeostasis-what promotes it, what prevents it. It is suggested that the vasoactive capacity of the wall and inflammatory burden strongly influence the ability of homeostatic mechanisms to adapt the arterial wall to high blood pressure or not. Maladaptation, often reflected by inflammation-driven adventitial fibrosis, not just excessive intimal-medial thickening, significantly diminishes central artery function and disturbs hemodynamics, ultimately compromising end organ perfusion and thus driving the associated morbidity and mortality. It is thus suggested that there is a need for increased attention to controlling both smooth muscle phenotype and inflammation in hypertensive remodeling of central arteries, with future studies of the often adaptive response of medium-sized muscular arteries promising to provide additional guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Correspondence: Jay D. Humphrey ()
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32
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Potue P, Maneesai P, Kukongviriyapan U, Prachaney P, Pakdeechote P. Cratoxylum Formosum extract exhibits antihypertensive effects via suppressing the renin-angiotensin cascade in hypertensive rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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33
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Pakdeechote P, Meephat S, Sakonsinsiri C, Phetcharaburanin J, Bunbupha S, Maneesai P. Syzygium gratum Extract Alleviates Vascular Alterations in Hypertensive Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56100509. [PMID: 33007813 PMCID: PMC7600592 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Syzygium gratum (SG) is a local vegetable and widely consumed in Thailand. Previously, a strong antioxidative effect of SG extract has been reported. The effects of SG extract on hypertension have remained unknown. The effect of SG aqueous extract on blood pressure and vascular changes were examined in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats (LHR), and its potential active constituents were also explored. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to control, L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day), L-NAME + SG (100, 300, 500 mg/kg/day), or captopril (5 mg/kg/day) groups. The components of SG extract were analyzed. Results: The analysis of aqueous SG extract was carried out using HPLC-Mass spectroscopy, and phenolic compounds could be identified as predominant components which might be responsible for its antihypertensive effects observed in the LHR model (p < 0.05). Additionally, SG extract also improved vascular responses to acetylcholine and decreased vascular remodeling in LHR (p < 0.05). Enhancements of eNOS expression and plasma nitric oxide metabolite levels, and attenuation of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and plasma angiotensin II levels were observed in the LHR group treated with SG. Moreover, SG exhibited strong antioxidant activities by reducing vascular superoxide generation and systemic malondialdehyde in LHRs. Captopril suppressed high blood pressure and alleviated vascular changes and ACE activity in LHRs, similar to those of the SG extract (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the SG extract exhibited antihypertensive effects, which is relevant to alleviation of vascular dysfunction and vascular remodeling of LHRs. These effects might be mediated by phenolic compounds to inhibit ACE activity and scavenge reactive oxygen species in LHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.M.)
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sariya Meephat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Chadamas Sakonsinsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand;
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-43348394
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34
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Guimaraes DA, Batista RIM, Tanus-Santos JE. Nitrate and nitrite-based therapy to attenuate cardiovascular remodelling in arterial hypertension. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 128:9-17. [PMID: 32772466 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a highly prevalent disease marked by vascular and cardiac maladaptive remodelling induced mainly by renin-angiotensin system activation followed by oxidative stress. Here, we briefly describe these damages and review the current evidence supporting a potential role for nitrate and nitrite as antihypertensive molecules that act via nitric oxide (NO) formation-dependent and NO formation-independent mechanisms and how nitrate/nitrite inhibits cardiovascular remodelling in hypertension. The renin-angiotensin system activation and oxidative stress converge to activate proteases involved in cardiovascular remodelling in hypertension. Besides these proteases, several investigations have demonstrated that reduced endogenous NO bioavailability is a central pathological event in hypertension. In this regard, nitrate/nitrite, long considered inert products of NO, is now known as physiological molecules able to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients and in different experimental models of hypertension. These effects are associated with the formation of NO and other NO-related molecules, which could induce S-nitrosylation of target proteins. However, it remains unclear whether S-nitrosylation is an essential mechanism for the anti-remodelling effects of nitrate/nitrite in hypertension. Moreover, nitrate/nitrite produces antioxidant effects associated with the inhibition of signalling pathways involved in cardiovascular remodelling. Together, these findings may help to establish nitrate and nitrite as effective therapies in hypertension-induced cardiovascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rose I M Batista
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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35
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Cell signaling model for arterial mechanobiology. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008161. [PMID: 32834001 PMCID: PMC7470387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial growth and remodeling at the tissue level is driven by mechanobiological processes at cellular and sub-cellular levels. Although it is widely accepted that cells seek to promote tissue homeostasis in response to biochemical and biomechanical cues—such as increased wall stress in hypertension—the ways by which these cues translate into tissue maintenance, adaptation, or maladaptation are far from understood. In this paper, we present a logic-based computational model for cell signaling within the arterial wall, aiming to predict changes in extracellular matrix turnover and cell phenotype in response to pressure-induced wall stress, flow-induced wall shear stress, and exogenous sources of angiotensin II, with particular interest in mouse models of hypertension. We simulate a number of experiments from the literature at both the cell and tissue level, involving single or combined inputs, and achieve high qualitative agreement in most cases. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of this modeling approach for simulating alterations (in this case knockdowns) of individual nodes within the signaling network. Continued modeling of cellular signaling will enable improved mechanistic understanding of arterial growth and remodeling in health and disease, and will be crucial when considering potential pharmacological interventions. Biological soft tissues are characterized by continuous production and removal of material, which endows them with a remarkable ability to adapt to changes in their biochemical and biomechanical environments. For arteries, mechanical stimuli result primarily from changes in blood pressure or flow, and biochemical changes are induced by multiple factors, including pharmacological intervention. In order to understand how arterial properties are maintained in health, or how they adapt or fail to adapt in disease, we must understand better how these diverse stimuli affect material turnover. Extracellular matrix is tightly regulated by mechano-sensing and mechano-regulation, and therefore cell signaling, thus we present a computational model of relevant signaling pathways within the vascular wall, with the aim of predicting changes in wall composition and function in response to three main inputs: pressure-induced wall stress, flow-induced wall shear stress, and exogenous angiotensin II. We obtain qualitative agreement with a range of experimental studies from the literature, and provide illustrative examples demonstrating how such models can be used to further our understanding of arterial remodeling.
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36
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Rachev A, Shazly T. A Two-Dimensional Model of Hypertension-Induced Arterial Remodeling With Account for Stress Interaction Between Elastin and Collagen. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:041008. [PMID: 31596920 DOI: 10.1115/1.4045116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We propose a novel structure-based two-dimensional (2D) mathematical model of hypertension-induced arterial remodeling. The model is built in the framework of the constrained mixture theory and global growth approach, utilizing a recently proposed structure-based constitutive model of arterial tissue that accounts for the individual natural configurations of and stress interaction between elastin and collagen. The basic novel predictive result is that provided remodeling causes a change in the elastin/collagen mass fraction ratio, it leads to a structural reorganization of collagen that manifests as an altered fiber undulation and a change in direction of the helically oriented fibers in the tissue natural state. Results obtained from the illustrative simulations for a porcine renal artery show that when remodeling is complete the collagen reorganization might have significant effects on the initial arterial geometry and mechanical properties of the arterial tissue. The proposed model has potential to describe and advance mechanistic understanding of adaptive arterial remodeling, promote the continual refinement of mathematical models of arterial remodeling, and provide motivation for new avenues of experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rachev
- University of South Carolina, College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, Columbia, SC 29208; Institute of Mechanics, Acad. G Bonchev Street Block 4, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tarek Shazly
- University of South Carolina, College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, Columbia, SC 29208
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37
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Gać P, Urbanik D, Pawlas N, Poręba M, Martynowicz H, Prokopowicz A, Januszewska L, Markiewicz-Górka I, Jaremków A, Mazur G, Poręba R, Pawlas K. Total antioxidant status reduction conditioned by a serum selenium concentration decrease as a mechanism of the ultrasonographically measured brachial artery dilatation impairment in patients with arterial hypertension. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:103332. [PMID: 32006877 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between serum concentrations of selenium (SeS) and zinc (ZnS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and endothelial function assessed by ultrasonographic method of dilatation of the brachial artery in 141 hypertensive patients. Patients with SeS < median were characterized by a statistically significantly lower flow-mediated dilation (FMD) than patients with SeS ≥ median. Patients with TAS < median were characterized by a significantly lower FMD than patients with TAS ≥ median. Older age, higher BMI, male gender, higher blood total cholesterol, ischemic heart disease, smoking and lower SeS constitute independent predictors of inferior endothelial function, expressed in lower FMD values. Smoking is an independent predictor of lower TAS, and the use of β-blockers and higher serum selenium levels are independent predictors of higher TAS. In summary, a decrease in TAS should be considered as a mechanism of inferior endothelial function in hypertensive patients conditioned by a decrease in SeS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Gać
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, 4th Military Hospital, Weigla 5, PL 50-981, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Urbanik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Pawlas
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 38, PL 41-808, Zabrze Rokitnica, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Poręba
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Prokopowicz
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health in Sosnowiec, Kościelna 13, PL 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Lidia Januszewska
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Markiewicz-Górka
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jaremków
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlas
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
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38
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Mechano-biological adaptation of the pulmonary artery exposed to systemic conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2724. [PMID: 32066803 PMCID: PMC7026065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac surgeries may expose pulmonary arterial tissue to systemic conditions, potentially resulting in failure of that tissue. Our goal was to quantitatively assess pulmonary artery adaptation due to changes in mechanical environment. In 17 sheep, we placed a pulmonary autograft in aortic position, with or without macroporous mesh reinforcement. It was exposed to systemic conditions for 6 months. All sheep underwent 3 ECG-gated MRI’s. Explanted tissue was subjected to mechanical and histological analysis. Results showed progressive dilatation of the unreinforced autograft, while reinforced autografts stabilized after two months. Some unreinforced pulmonary autograft samples displayed more aorta-like mechanical behavior with increased collagen deposition. The mechanical behavior of reinforced autografts was dominated by the mesh. The decrease in media thickness and loss of vascular smooth muscle cells was more pronounced in reinforced than in unreinforced autografts. In conclusion, altering the mechanical environment of a pulmonary artery causes changes in its mechano-biological properties.
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Nadal J, Deverdun J, Champfleur NM, Carriere I, Creuzot‐Garcher C, Delcourt C, Chiquet C, Kawasaki R, Villain M, Ritchie K, Le Bars E, Daien V. Retinal vascular fractal dimension and cerebral blood flow, a pilot study. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e63-e71. [PMID: 31545560 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ocular and brain microcirculation share embryological and histological similarities. The retinal vascular fractal dimension (FD) is a marker of retinal vascular complexity of the vascular tree. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF), retinal vascular FD and other retinal vascular markers. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis comprising 26 individuals ≥65 years old from the Cognitive REServe and Clinical ENDOphenotype (CRESCENDO) cohort of relative healthy older adults. Retinal vascular FD was measured from fundus photographs by using the semi-automated Singapore Eye Vessel Assessment (SIVA) software. CBF was estimated using a 2D pulsed ASL MRI sequence. Associations between blood flow and retinal parameters were analysed using linear regression models adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS Cerebral blood flow was positively associated with venular FD (R2 = 0.32, p = 0.03). This association was stronger in the anterior versus posterior brain territories (R2 = 0.35 [p = 0.001] versus R2 = 0.16 [p = 0.07], respectively). Global CBF was correlated with arteriolar branching angle (R2 = 0.23, p = 0.01) and tortuosity (R2 = 0.20, p = 0.02). Global CBF was not correlated with other SIVA parameters. CONCLUSIONS Retinal venular complexity summarized by the FD was associated with cerebral blood flow as well as retinal arteriolar tortuosity and branching angle. Larger prospective clinical studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nadal
- Department of Ophthalmology Nîmes University Hospital Nîmes Cedex 9 France
- I2FH Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine Montpellier University Hospital Center Gui de Chauliac Hospital Montpellier France
| | - Jeremy Deverdun
- I2FH Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine Montpellier University Hospital Center Gui de Chauliac Hospital Montpellier France
| | - Nicolas Menjot Champfleur
- I2FH Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine Montpellier University Hospital Center Gui de Chauliac Hospital Montpellier France
- Department of Neuroradiology Montpellier University Hospital Center Gui de Chauliac Hospital Montpellier France
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb University of Montpellier Montpellier France
- Department of Medical Imaging Caremeau University Hospital Center Nimes France
| | - Isabelle Carriere
- Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research INSERM Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Catherine Creuzot‐Garcher
- Department of Ophthalmology Dijon University Hospital Dijon France
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group CSGA UMR 1324 INRA 6265 CNRS Burgundy University Dijon France
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center Team LEHA Inserm UMR 1219 Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Christophe Chiquet
- Grenoble Alpes University Grenoble France
- Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Ryo Kawasaki
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Max Villain
- Department of Ophthalmology Gui De Chauliac Hospital Montpellier France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research INSERM Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Emmanuelle Le Bars
- I2FH Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine Montpellier University Hospital Center Gui de Chauliac Hospital Montpellier France
- Department of Neuroradiology Montpellier University Hospital Center Gui de Chauliac Hospital Montpellier France
| | - Vincent Daien
- Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research INSERM Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
- Department of Ophthalmology Gui De Chauliac Hospital Montpellier France
- The Save Sight Institute Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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40
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Jung E, Lee SY, Park JH, Ro YS, Hong KJ, Song KJ, Ryu HH, Shin SD. Interaction Effects Between Targeted Temperature Management and Hypertension on Survival Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A National Observational Study from 2009 to 2016. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2019; 10:141-147. [PMID: 31414970 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2019.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted temperature management (TTM) has been used to improve neurological recovery in comatose patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Hypertension (HTN) existing before a cardiac arrest represents a risk of OHCA, but it is not known whether it affects neurological prognosis. This study aimed at investigating the effect of TTM on neurological recovery in OHCA patients with or without underlying HTN. This study was conducted by using the national cardiac arrest registry of OHCA patients with presumed cardiac etiology between 2009 and 2016. The endpoint was cerebral performance category (CPC) 1 and 2 at discharge. We compared outcomes between the TTM and non-TTM groups by using multivariable logistic regression with an interaction term between TTM and HTN for calculating adjusted odd ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for potential confounders. Among the 25,985 patients with OHCA who survived till hospital admission, TTM was performed on 12.2%. The TTM group showed better outcomes than the non-TTM group: 28.1% versus 15.5% for good neurologic recovery (p < 0.01). The AOR of TTM for good neurological recovery for all study groups was 1.65 (1.47-1.85). In the interaction model, the AOR of TTM for good neurological recovery was 1.87 (1.26-2.76) in patients without HTN and 0.87 (0.75-1.02) in patients with HTN. The underlying HTN modified the effect of TTM on neurological outcomes for OHCA patients. TTM is associated with good neurological recovery in patients without HTN, but not in patients with HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eujene Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Ro
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jeong Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Jun Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Do Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Republic of Korea
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41
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Brass M, Kassab GS. Iliac Veins Are More Compressible Than Iliac Arteries: A New Method of Testing. J Biomech Eng 2019; 141:2738441. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4044227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Incompressibility implies that a tissue preserves its volume regardless of the loading conditions. Although this assumption is well-established in arterial wall mechanics, it is assumed to apply for the venous wall without validation. The objective of this study is to test whether the incompressibility assumption holds for the venous wall. To investigate the vascular wall volume under different loading conditions, inflation-extension testing protocol was used in conjunction with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in both common iliac arteries (n = 6 swine) and common iliac veins (n = 9 dogs). Use of IVUS allows direct visualizations of lumen dimensions simultaneous with direct measurements of outer dimensions during loading. The arterial tissue was confirmed to preserve volume during various load conditions (p = 0.11) consistent with the literature, while the venous tissue was found to lose volume (about 35%) under loaded conditions (p < 0.05). Using a novel methodology, this study shows the incompressibility assumption does not hold for the venous wall especially at higher pressures, which suggests that there may be fluid loss through the vein wall during loading. This has important implications for coupling of fluid transport across the wall and biomechanics of the wall in healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Brass
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Ghassan S. Kassab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA 92121 e-mail:
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42
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Latorre M, Bersi MR, Humphrey JD. Computational Modeling Predicts Immuno-Mechanical Mechanisms of Maladaptive Aortic Remodeling in Hypertension. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2019; 141:35-46. [PMID: 32831391 PMCID: PMC7437922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled hypertension is a major risk factor for myriad cardiovascular diseases. Among its many effects, hypertension increases central artery stiffness which in turn is both an initiator and indicator of disease. Despite extensive clinical, animal, and basic science studies, the biochemomechanical mechanisms by which hypertension drives aortic stiffening remain unclear. In this paper, we show that a new computational model of aortic growth and remodeling can capture differential effects of induced hypertension on the thoracic and abdominal aorta in a common mouse model of disease. Because the simulations treat the aortic wall as a constrained mixture of different constituents having different material properties and rates of turnover, one can gain increased insight into underlying constituent-level mechanisms of aortic remodeling. Model results suggest that the aorta can mechano-adapt locally to blood pressure elevation in the absence of marked inflammation, but large increases in inflammation drive a persistent maladaptive phenotype characterized primarily by adventitial fibrosis. Moreover, this fibrosis appears to occur via a marked increase in the rate of deposition of collagen having different material properties in the absence of a compensatory increase in the rate of matrix degradation. Controlling inflammation thus appears to be key to reducing fibrosis, but therapeutic strategies should not compromise the proteolytic activity of the wall that is essential to mechanical homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Latorre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew R. Bersi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Corresponding author: (Jay D. Humphrey)
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43
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Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, De Caterina R. Oxidative stress and vascular stiffness in hypertension: A renewed interest for antioxidant therapies? Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 116:45-50. [PMID: 30946986 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the first successful launch of the Veterans Administration(VA) cooperative studies in the late 1960s, the increasing access to blood pressure lowering medications has significantly contributed to improving longevity and quality of life in hypertensive patients. Since then, insights into the pathogenesis of hypertension have shown a mechanistic role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in all phases of disease progression, suggesting the potential utility of antioxidant therapies to counteract symptoms and, at the same time, treat a fundamental mechanism of the disease. Despite these progresses, hypertension still remains the main contributor to the global incidence of cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We here briefly review and update the role of ROS and ROS-dependent metalloproteinase activation in the maladaptive remodeling of the vascular wall in hypertension. Such understanding should provide new Potential sites of action for antioxidant therapies as an integrated therapeutic approach to hypertension and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
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44
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Rathod ML, Ahn J, Saha B, Purwar P, Lee Y, Jeon NL, Lee J. PDMS Sylgard 527-Based Freely Suspended Ultrathin Membranes Exhibiting Mechanistic Characteristics of Vascular Basement Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40388-40400. [PMID: 30360091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past, significant effort has been made to develop ultrathin membranes exhibiting physiologically relevant mechanical properties, such as thickness and elasticity of native basement membranes. However, most of these fabricated membranes have a relatively high elastic modulus, ∼MPa-GPa, relevant only to retinal and epithelial basement membranes. Vascular basement membranes exhibiting relatively low elastic modulus, ∼kPa, on the contrary, have seldom been mimicked. Membranes demonstrating high compliance, with moduli ranging in ∼kPa along with sub-microscale thicknesses have rarely been reported, and would be ideal to mimic vascular basement membranes in vitro. To address this, we fabricate ultrathin membranes demonstrating the mechanistic features exhibited by their vascular biological counterparts. Salient features of the fabricated ultrathin membranes include free suspension, physiologically relevant thickness ∼sub-micrometers, relatively low modulus ∼kPa, and sufficiently large culture area ∼20 mm2. To fabricate such ultrathin membranes, undiluted PDMS Sylgard 527 was utilized as opposed to the conventional diluted polymer-solvent mixture approach. In addition, the necessity to have a sacrificial layer for releasing membranes from the underlying substrates was also eliminated in our approach. The novelty of our work lies in achieving the distinct combination of membranes having thickness in sub-micrometers and the associated elasticity in kilopascal using undiluted polymer, which past approaches with dilution have not been able to accomplish. The ultrathin membranes with average thickness of 972 nm (thick) and 570 nm (thin) were estimated to have an elastic modulus of 45 and 214 kPa, respectively. Contact angle measurements revealed the ultrathin membranes exhibited hybrophobic characteristics in unpeeled state and transformed to hydrophilic behavior when freely suspended. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured on the polymeric ultrathin membranes, and the temporal cell response to change in local compliance of the membranes was studied by evaluating the cell spread area, density, percentage area coverage, and spread rate. After 24 h, single cells, pairs, and group of three to four cells were noticed on highly compliant thick membranes, having average thickness of 972 nm and modulus of 45 kPa. On the contrary, the cell monolayer was noted on the glass slide acting as a control. For the thin membranes featuring average thickness of 570 nm and modulus of 214 kPa, the cells tend to exhibit response similar to that on control with initiation of monolayer formation. Our results indicate, the local compliance, in turn, the membrane thickness governs the cell behavior and this can have vital implications during disease initiation and progression, wound healing, and cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh L Rathod
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
| | - Jungho Ahn
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Chemical Engineering Department , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , Odisha , India 769008
| | - Prashant Purwar
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
| | - Yejin Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
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45
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Korneva A, Humphrey JD. Maladaptive aortic remodeling in hypertension associates with dysfunctional smooth muscle contractility. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H265-H278. [PMID: 30412437 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00503.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intramural cells are responsible for establishing, maintaining, and restoring the functional capability and structural integrity of the aortic wall. In response to hypertensive loading, these cells tend to increase wall content via extracellular matrix turnover in an attempt to return wall stress and/or material stiffness toward homeostatic values despite the elevated pressure. Using a common rodent model of induced hypertension, we found marked mouse-to-mouse differences in thoracic aortic remodeling over 2-4 wk of pressure elevation, with mechanoadaptation in some but gross maladaptation in most mice despite the same experimental conditions and overall genetic background. Consistent with our hypothesis, we also found a strong correlation between maladaptive aortic remodeling and a dysfunctional ability of the vessel to vasoconstrict, with maladaptation often evidenced by marked adventitial fibrosis. Remarkably, mouse-to-mouse variability did not correlate with the degree or duration of pressure elevation over the 2- to 4-wk study period. These findings suggest both a need to study together the structure, mechanical properties, and function across layers of the wall when assessing aortic health and a need for caution in using common statistical comparisons across small seemingly well-defined groups that may mask important underlying individual responses, an area of investigation that demands increasing attention as we move toward an era of precision diagnosis and patient care. NEW & NOTEWORTHY There are three primary findings. Marked mouse-to-mouse differences exist in large vessel hypertensive remodeling in an otherwise equivalent cohort of animals. The degree of maladaptation correlates strongly with decreases in smooth muscle contractile capacity. Finally, short-term maladaptive remodeling is independent of the precise degree or duration of the pressure elevation provided that thresholds are exceeded. Therapeutic targets should thus be personalized and focus on both layer-to-layer interactions and early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Korneva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
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46
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Latorre M, Humphrey JD. Modeling mechano-driven and immuno-mediated aortic maladaptation in hypertension. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 17:1497-1511. [PMID: 29881909 PMCID: PMC6286240 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled hypertension is a primary risk factor for diverse cardiovascular diseases and thus remains responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Hypertension leads to marked changes in the composition, structure, properties, and function of central arteries; hence, there has long been interest in quantifying the associated wall mechanics. Indeed, over the past 20 years there has been increasing interest in formulating mathematical models of the evolving geometry and biomechanical behavior of central arteries that occur during hypertension. In this paper, we introduce a new mathematical model of growth (changes in mass) and remodeling (changes in microstructure) of the aortic wall for an animal model of induced hypertension that exhibits both mechano-driven and immuno-mediated matrix turnover. In particular, we present a bilayered model of the aortic wall to account for differences in medial versus adventitial growth and remodeling and we include mechanical stress and inflammatory cell density as determinants of matrix turnover. Using this approach, we can capture results from a recent report of adventitial fibrosis that resulted in marked aortic maladaptation in hypertension. We submit that this model can also be used to identify novel hypotheses to guide future experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Latorre
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniera Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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47
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Di Pietro N, Potenza MA, Di Silvestre S, Addabbo F, Di Pietrantonio N, Di Tomo P, Pipino C, Mandatori D, Palmerini C, Failli P, Bonomini M, Montagnani M, Pandolfi A. Calcimimetic R-568 vasodilatory effect on mesenteric vascular beds from normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Potential involvement of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202354. [PMID: 30092054 PMCID: PMC6084966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of calcimimetics as vasculotropic agents has been suggested since the discovery that calcium sensing receptors (CaSRs) are expressed in cardiovascular tissues. However, whether this effect is CaSR-dependent or -independent is still unclear. In the present study the vascular activity of calcimimetic R-568 was investigated in mesenteric vascular beds (MVBs) isolated from Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHR) and the relative age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats. Pre-constricted MBVs were perfused with increasing concentrations of R-568 (10 nM– 30 μM) resulting in a rapid dose-dependent vasodilatation. However, in MVBs from SHR this was preceded by a small but significant vasoconstriction at lowest nanomolar concentrations used (10–300 nM). Pre-treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS, L-NAME), KCa channels (CTX), cyclo-oxygenase (INDO) and CaSR (Calhex) or the endothelium removal suggest that NO, CaSR and the endothelium itself contribute to the R-568 vasodilatory/vasoconstrictor effects observed respectively in WKY/SHR MVBs. Conversely, the vasodilatory effects resulted by highest R-568 concentration were independent of these factors. Then, the ability of lower R-568 doses (0.1–1 μM) to activate endothelial-NOS (eNOS) pathway in MVBs homogenates was evaluated. The Akt and eNOS phosphorylation levels resulted increased in WKY homogenates and Calhex significantly blocked this effect. Notably, this did not occur in the SHR. Similarly, vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) stimulation with lower R-568 doses resulted in Akt activation and increased NO production in WKY but not in SHR cells. Interestingly, in these cells this was associated with the absence of the biologically active dimeric form of the CaSR thus potentially contributing to explain the impaired vasorelaxant effect observed in response to R-568 in MVB from SHR compared to WKY. Overall, these findings provide new insight on the mechanisms of action of the calcimimetic R-568 in modulating vascular tone both in physiological and pathological conditions such as hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiopathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Phenethylamines/pharmacology
- Propylamines/pharmacology
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Sara Di Silvestre
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Addabbo
- Department of Pharmacology and Human Physiology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nadia Di Pietrantonio
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pamela Di Tomo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domitilla Mandatori
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carola Palmerini
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Failli
- Department of Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Pharmacology and Human Physiology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
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48
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Hayashi K, Kurimoto M. Biomechanical properties of veins cultured in vitro under elevated internal pressure. Biorheology 2018; 1:25-40. [PMID: 30010096 DOI: 10.3233/bir-180168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The venous response to elevated blood pressure (BP) is of major importance because it is closely related to the etiology of venous diseases and the competency of vein grafts. In vitro culture experiments may provide useful information on the function of vein grafts because it is easier to separate mechanical and hemodynamic effects from other systemic influences compared to in vivo experiments. OBJECTIVE To study the effects of BP elevation on wall dimensions and mechanical properties of in vitro cultured veins. METHODS Rabbit femoral veins were cultured in vitro under internal pressures of 1 to 50 mmHg for 1 week, and their wall dimensions, biomechanical properties, and histology were determined. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in internal vein diameter and wall thickness among vessels cultured at 10-50 mmHg compared to non-cultured control vessels. For an internal pressure of 10 mmHg applied to vessels during culture (equivalent to in vivo working BP), wall circumferential stress was maintained within control levels. There were no significant effects of pressure on basal tone and contractility of vascular smooth muscle and vascular compliance. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro results were essentially similar to those obtained from previous in vivo animal experiments, indicating that in vitro tissue culture techniques are applicable to studies of venous remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozaburo Hayashi
- Osaka University, Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Toyonaka, OsakaJapan
| | - Masuya Kurimoto
- Osaka University, Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Toyonaka, OsakaJapan
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49
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Chang CH, Hu YH, Tsai YC, Wu CH, Wang SM, Lin LY, Lin YH, Satoh F, Wu KD, Wu VC. Arterial stiffness and blood pressure improvement in aldosterone-producing adenoma harboring KCNJ5 mutations after adrenalectomy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29984-29995. [PMID: 28415786 PMCID: PMC5444719 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to show the effect of KCNJ5 mutational status on arterial stiffness in aldosterone-producing adenomas after adrenalectomy. Between February 2008 and January 2010, we prospectively enrolled 108 aldosterone-producing adenoma patients undergoing adrenalectomy. We conducted repeated measurements of pulse wave velocity at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after adrenalectomy, grouped by KCNJ5 mutational status. Prognostic factors of arterial stiffness and risk for hypertension at 12 months after adrenalectomy were analyzed after propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio. After matching for age, sex and body mass index, 88 patients were divided equally into KCNJ5-mutant and non-mutant groups. KCNJ5 mutational status was not an independent variable in either the generalized estimating equation model (p = 0.147) or the percentage change of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (p = 0.106). The generalized additive model smoothing plot showed that aldosterone-producing adenoma patients who carried the KCNJ5 mutation and were aged between 37 and 60 may have a hypertension recovery advantage. According to our observations during a 12-month follow-up after adrenalectomy, KCNJ5 mutational status was not associated with improvement in arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chou Tsai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsiung Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Medical Foundation, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Meng Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Fumitoshi Satoh
- Division of Clinical Hypertension, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kwan-Dun Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan.,TAIPAI, Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation (TAIPAI) Study Group, Taiwan
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50
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Hayashi K, Kakoi D, Makino A. Remodeling of the arterial wall: Response to restoration of normal blood flow after flow reduction. Biorheology 2018; 54:95-108. [PMID: 29376846 DOI: 10.3233/bir-17146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have shown that arteries change diameter in response to chronic change in blood flow (BF), keeping wall shear stress (WSS) at physiologically normal levels, relatively little is known about the effects of flow restoration after flow reduction and also the role of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) during such a remodeling process. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the biomechanical responses of the arterial wall to the restoration of normal BF after flow reduction and compare the results with our previous results observed in response to decreased BF alone. METHODS Carotid artery BF in the Wistar rat was decreased by ligation and then restored to normal levels by release of the ligation. The effects of BF changes on the biomechanical properties of the carotid arterial wall were determined from measurements of diameters and pressures of excised artery segments. RESULTS During BF reduction and restoration, WSS was maintained at physiological levels by changes in the internal diameter. No significant changes in the incremental elastic modulus were found in response to changes in BF. VSM tone was significantly enhanced during the changes in BF. CONCLUSIONS Arteries change diameters in response to BF reduction and also flow restoration to normal after flow reduction, keeping WSS at physiologically normal levels. The lack of changes in vascular elasticity suggests that there were no significant changes in major wall constituents, such as elastin and collagen. VSM may play the dominant role in observed arterial remodeling and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozaburo Hayashi
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daichi Kakoi
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihisa Makino
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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