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Li Q, Li Q, Lu S, Pan D. Spatial Topological Structure Design of Porous Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Low Modulus and Magnetic Susceptibility. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3113. [PMID: 38133010 PMCID: PMC10745389 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used as a biomaterial for hard tissue replacement, but its Young's modulus is still higher than that of human bone tissue, which may cause a "stress shielding" effect and lead to implant loosening. In addition, metal implants with low magnetic susceptibility are beneficial for obtaining minimal artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging. To reduce Young's modulus and magnetic susceptibility of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, a series of irregular prismatic porous structure models were designed based on the Voronoi principle, built by changing the irregularity, prism-diameter-to-initial-seed-spacing ratio, and seed number, and studied using finite-element analysis. Porous samples were prepared by selective laser melting and subjected to a compression test and magnetic susceptibility test. The simulation results show that the prism-diameter-to-initial-seed-spacing ratio has the greatest impact on porosity compared with the irregularity and seed number. The simulation-predicted porosity and compression modulus are highly consistent with the measured ones. The irregular prismatic porous Ti-6Al-4V samples exhibit mechanical properties similar to those of human bones and show a magnetic susceptibility of no more than 50% that of compact Ti-6Al-4V. A regulatable irregular prismatic porous structure is feasible for designing porous implants with desirable properties for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shasha Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China;
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Karakurt EM, Cetin Y, Incesu A, Demirtas H, Kaya M, Yildizhan Y, Tosun M, Huang Y. Microstructural, Biomechanical, and In Vitro Studies of Ti-Nb-Zr Alloys Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4240. [PMID: 37374426 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the microstructures, mechanical performances, corrosion resistances, and in vitro studies of porous Ti-xNb-10Zr (x: 10 and 20; at. %) alloys. The alloys were fabricated by powder metallurgy with two categories of porosities, i.e., 21-25% and 50-56%, respectively. The space holder technique was employed to generate the high porosities. Microstructural analysis was performed by using various methods including scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and x-ray diffraction. Corrosion resistance was assessed via electrochemical polarisation tests, while mechanical behavior was determined by uniaxial compressive tests. In vitro studies, such as cell viability and proliferation, adhesion potential, and genotoxicity, were examined by performing an MTT assay, fibronectin adsorption, and plasmid-DNA interaction assay. Experimental results showed that the alloys had a dual-phase microstructure composed of finely dispersed acicular hcp α-Ti needles in the bcc β-Ti matrix. The ultimate compressive strength ranged from 1019 MPa to 767 MPa for alloys with 21-25% porosities and from 173 MPa to 78 MPa for alloys with 50-56% porosities. Noted that adding a space holder agent played a more critical role in the mechanical behaviors of the alloys compared to adding niobium. The pores were largely open and exhibited irregular shapes, with uniform size distribution, allowing for cell ingrowth. Histological analysis showed that the alloys studied met the biocompatibility criteria required for orthopaedic biomaterial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyyup Murat Karakurt
- BCAST, Institute of Materials and Manufacturing, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Yuksel Cetin
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center, Life Sciences, Medical Biotechnology Unit, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey
| | - Alper Incesu
- TOBB Technical Sciences Vocational School, Karabuk University, Karabuk 78050, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Demirtas
- TOBB Technical Sciences Vocational School, Karabuk University, Karabuk 78050, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kaya
- Machinery and Metal Technologies Departmant, Corlu Vocational School, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59830, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yildizhan
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center, Life Sciences, Medical Biotechnology Unit, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey
| | - Merve Tosun
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center, Life Sciences, Medical Biotechnology Unit, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey
| | - Yan Huang
- BCAST, Institute of Materials and Manufacturing, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, London UB8 3PH, UK
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Basir A, Muhamad N, Sulong AB, Jamadon NH, Foudzi FM. Recent Advances in Processing of Titanium and Titanium Alloys through Metal Injection Molding for Biomedical Applications: 2013-2022. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16113991. [PMID: 37297124 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal injection molding (MIM) is one of the most widely used manufacturing processes worldwide as it is a cost-effective way of producing a variety of dental and orthopedic implants, surgical instruments, and other important biomedical products. Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are popular modern metallic materials that have revamped the biomedical sector as they have superior biocompatibility, excellent corrosion resistance, and high static and fatigue strength. This paper systematically reviews the MIM process parameters that extant studies have used to produce Ti and Ti alloy components between 2013 and 2022 for the medical industry. Moreover, the effect of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of the MIM-processed sintered components has been reviewed and discussed. It is concluded that by appropriately selecting and implementing the processing parameters at different stages of the MIM process, defect-free Ti and Ti alloy-based biomedical components can be produced. Therefore, this present study could greatly benefit future studies that examine using MIM to develop products for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Basir
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhamidi Muhamad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Sulong
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nashrah Hani Jamadon
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farhana Mohd Foudzi
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Guo Y, Dai X, Zhang Y, Ma S, Yang L, Bu Y, Hao Y. Universal Hydrogen-Treated TiO 2 Nanorod Array/Ti 2CO X MXene PEC Aptamer Sensor Modulated by the Transport Characteristic of Photogenerated Holes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7560-7568. [PMID: 37134286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A semiconductor photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptamer sensor has been widely researched in recent years because of its broad application prospects. However, a universal PEC sensor has not been achieved, and its sensing mechanism based on a photogenerated carrier transfer process has yet to be elucidated. Herein, a novel hydrogen-treated TiO2 nanorod array one-dimensional (1D)/Ti2COX MXene two-dimensional (2D) (H-TiO2/Ti2COX) PEC aptamer sensor is presented, which achieved a record detection range of 10-9-103 μg/L and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 fg/L for microcystic toxins-LR detection. Besides, the PEC sensor can also test serotonin (5-HT), aflatoxin-B1, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with high performance by changing the aptamers, exhibiting favorable application universality. Furthermore, a new phenomenon of a switchable enhanced/suppressed photocurrent detection signal was discovered from H-TiO2/Ti2COX PEC aptamer sensors through the variation of the length of the TiO2 nanorod. Meanwhile, it reveals that the steric hindrance effect determines the photogenerated hole transfer and depolarization processes, which is proposed for the first time as the predominant mechanism of the switchable enhanced/suppressed photocurrent signal for PEC sensors, giving possibilities to develop PEC sensors with higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Xianying Dai
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shenhui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuyu Bu
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yue Hao
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
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New ternary powder metallurgy Ti alloys via eutectoid and isomorphous beta stabilisers additions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1150. [PMID: 36670211 PMCID: PMC9859829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A group of new ternary Ti alloys bearing eutectoid and isomorphous beta stabilising elements was created to be manufactured through the conventional powder metallurgy route. The effect of the simultaneous addition of the same amount of Mn and Nb on the manufacturability, properties, and hardening behaviour was investigated. The ternary alloys are composed of the α-Ti and β-Ti phases and have a lamellar microstructure resulting from the slow cooling upon sintering. However, the size of the equiaxed α grains and of the α + β lamellae is monotonically reduced, especially the interlamellar spacing, as the amount of alloying elements increases. Due to their physical properties, Mn enhances and Nb hinders densification during sintering resulting in a decreasing trend of the relative density with the alloying elements content. Consequently, the resistance to plastic deformation increases (UTS, 514-726 MPa), the ductility decreases (elongation, 13.2-2.6%), and the fracture mode changes from intergranular to transgranular. The new ternary alloys share the same hardening mechanism, but the amount of deformation after necking is, generally, higher for lower amounts of Mn and Nb.
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Szkliniarz A, Szkliniarz W. Carbon in Commercially Pure Titanium. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:711. [PMID: 36676448 PMCID: PMC9867111 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In a way so far unmatched in any single study, this paper presents the complex characteristics of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) containing 0.2 wt.% carbon, which is significantly above the carbon level in commonly used titanium alloys, while at the same time being the maximum permitted content in light of the recommendations in force. It has been demonstrated that the addition of carbon in CP-Ti can have many positive impacts. The investigated Ti-0.2C alloy was produced in a cold-copper crucible induction vacuum furnace and processed into a 12 mm diameter bar by hot rolling. The structure and properties of the Ti-0.2C alloy were compared to those of an CP-Ti Grade 1 produced and processed under the same technical conditions. The addition of 0.2 wt.% carbon to CP-Ti has been found to change the course of the crystallization process, the course and temperatures of phase transformations, and the values of lattice parameters; reduce susceptibility to grain growth; and create the possibility for additional hardening during solution treatment and aging. At the same time, it results in an assumed improvement in properties by increasing the tensile strength and yield strength, hardness, creep and oxidation resistance, and abrasive wear. It has a negative effect but is still within the acceptable range on impact strength and susceptibility to hot and cold deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szkliniarz
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szkliniarz
- University Zone of Material Innovations, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Borgman JM, Conway PP, Torres-Sanchez C. The use of inorganic process control agents to mill titanium‑niobium powders suitable for the selective laser melting process. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sn Content Effects on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of Biomedical Ti-Nb-Sn Alloys Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A group of Ti-10Nb-xSn alloys with Sn content varying from 0 to 8 wt.% were fabricated from blended elemental powders using powder metallurgy processing. The effects of the Sn content on the microstructure, mechanical performance, and tribological behavior were investigated. The results showed that Ti-10Nb-xSn alloys with high density could be fabricated using powder metallurgy. When the Sn content increased from 0 to 8 wt.%, the density increased slightly from 96.76% to 98.35%. The alloys exhibited a typical α + β microstructure. As the Sn content increased, the dendritic β grains gradually converted into a laminar α + β structure, accompanied by intergranular α and a small number of micropores. The elastic modulus of the alloys decreased with increasing Sn content but not significantly (73–76 GPa). The addition of Sn initially reduced the Vickers hardness, compressive strength, and maximum strain. When Sn was added up to 5 wt.%, these properties tended to increase slowly in the ranges 310–390 HV, 1100–1370 MPa, and 15.44–23.72%, respectively. With increasing Sn content, the friction coefficient of the alloys increased from 0.41 to 0.50. Without Sn, Ti-10Nb was dominated by abrasive wear. The wear mechanism of Ti-10Nb-3Sn and Ti-10Nb-5Sn changed to adhesive wear together with abrasive wear with increasing Sn content, while Ti-10Nb-8Sn predominately exhibited adhesive wear. Compared with Ti-10Nb alloy, an appropriate amount of Sn could achieve a lower elastic modulus, while Vickers hardness and compressive strengths were little changed. Moreover, it had a minor influence on the friction coefficient. The good mechanical performance and wear resistance make the powder-metallurgy-fabricated Ti-10Nb-xSn alloys attractive candidates for biomedical materials.
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Kaliaraj GS, Siva T, Ramadoss A. Surface functionalized bioceramics coated on metallic implants for biomedical and anticorrosion performance - a review. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9433-9460. [PMID: 34755756 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In modern days, the usage of trauma fixation devices has significantly increased due to sports injury, age-related issues, accidents, and revision surgery purposes. Numerous materials such as stainless steel, titanium, Co-Cr alloy, polymers, and ceramics have been used to replace the missing or defective parts of the human body. After implantation, body fluids (Na+, K+, and Cl-), protein, and blood cells interact with the surface of metallic implants, which favours the release of ions from the metallic surface to surrounding body tissues, leading to a hypersensitive reaction. Body pH, temperature, and interaction of immune cells also cause metal ion leaching and lose host cell interaction and effective mineralization for better durability. Moreover, microbial invasion is another important crisis, which produces extracellular compounds onto the biomaterial surface through which it escapes from the antimicrobial agents. To enhance the performance of materials by improving mechanical, corrosion resistance, antimicrobial, and biocompatibility properties, surface modification is a prerequisite method in which chemical vapour deposition (CVD), physical vapour deposition (PVD), sol-gel method, and electrochemical deposition are generally involved. The properties of bioceramics such as chemical inertness, bioactivity, biocompatibility, and corrosion protection make them most suitable for the surface functionalization of metallic implants. To the best of our knowledge, very limited literature is available to discuss the interaction of body proteins, pH, and temperature onto bioceramic coatings. Hence, the present review focuses on the corrosion behaviour of different ceramic composite coating materials with different conditions. This review initially briefs the properties and surface chemistry of metal implants and the need for surface modifications by different deposition techniques. Further, mechanical, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial property, and electrochemical behaviour of ceramics and metal nitride coatings are discussed. Finally, future perspectives of coatings are outlined for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobi Saravanan Kaliaraj
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India.
| | - T Siva
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals, Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
| | - Ananthakumar Ramadoss
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals, Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
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Cicek B, Sun Y, Turen Y, Ahlatci H. Applicability of different powder and polymer recipes in a new design powder injection molding system. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2020-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Production methods are changing day by day with the developing technology. Based on this idea, a new production logic and machine have been developed owing to polymer-supported powder injection molding (PIM). The ability of this newly designed machine (newPIM) to mold metal or ceramic powders supported by polymer binders is discussed in this study. By taking advantage of the polymer properties such as fluidity and sticking, powders are molded with a specially developed machine with high gas pressure in certain sizes. In this study, in which many parameters are processed from feedstock (FS) production to molding; metals Mg/316L and ceramics SiC/SiO2 powders have been used in different powder sizes and structures. In the newPIM process, polymers were included in four different recipes. Paraffin wax (PW), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene (PP), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) have been employed in the FS with different combinations. From FS production to the molding stage; pressure, microstructure examination, weight loss, and density change features were investigated. The result indicated that the best FS and molding was obtained by the PEG+PMMA polymer composition formed with a spherical powder with a diameter below 40 µm. The compression force of the FS in this composition was observed at approximately 3.4k N values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunyamin Cicek
- Technical Sciences Vct. Sch. , Hitit University , 19030 Corum , Turkey
| | - Yavuz Sun
- Material Research Development Center (MARGEM) , Karabuk , Turkey
| | - Yunus Turen
- Engineering Faculty , Karabuk University , Karabuk , Turkey
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Zhang T, Zhang X, Mao M, Li J, Wei T, Sun H. Chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite coatings on porous Ti6Al4V titanium implants: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2020; 50:392-405. [PMID: 33350179 PMCID: PMC7758299 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.1905680284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Titanium implants are widely used in the treatment of dentition defects; however, due to problems such as osseointegration failure, peri-implant bone resorption, and peri-implant inflammation, their application is subject to certain restrictions. The surface modification of titanium implants can improve the implant success rate and meet the needs of clinical applications. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of porous titanium with a chitosan/hydroxyapatite coating on osseointegration. Methods Titanium implants with a dense core and a porous outer structure were prepared using a computer-aided design model and selective laser sintering technology, with a fabricated chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite coating on their surfaces. In vivo and in vitro experiments were used to assess osteogenesis. Results The quasi-elastic gradient and compressive strength of porous titanium implants were observed to decrease as the porosity increased. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that, the porous titanium implants had no biological toxicity; additionally, the porous structure was shown to be superior to dense titanium with regard to facilitating the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. The in vivo experimental results also showed that the porous structure was beneficial, as bone tissue could grow into the pores, thereby exhibiting good osseointegration. Conclusions Porous titanium with a chitosan/hydroxyapatite coating promoted MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and differentiation, and also improved osseointegration in vitro. This study has meaningful implications for research into ways of improving the surface structures of implants and promoting implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University School of Stomatology, Jinan, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Shandong University School of Stomatology, Jinan, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyun Mao
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiqiang Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University School of Stomatology, Jinan, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Shandong University School of Stomatology, Jinan, China.
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12
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Yolun A, Şimşek M, Kaya M, Annaç EE, Köm M, Çakmak Ö. Fabrication, characterization, and in vivo biocompatibility evaluation of titanium-niobium implants. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 235:99-108. [PMID: 32988330 DOI: 10.1177/0954411920960854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, biocompatible titanium-niobium (Ti-Nb) alloys were fabricated by using powder metallurgy methods. Physical, morphological, thermal, and mechanical analyses were performed and their in vivo compatibility was evaluated. Besides α, β, and α″ martensitic phases, α+β Widmanstätten phase due to increasing sintering temperature was seen in the microstructure of the alloys. Phase transformation temperatures of the samples decreased as Nb content increased. The ratio of Nb in the samples affected their mechanical properties. No toxic effect was observed on implanted sites. This study shows that Ti-Nb alloys can be potentially used for orthopedic applications without any toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Yolun
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Murat Şimşek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kaya
- Machinery and Metal Technologies Department, Çorlu Vacational School, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Çorlu/Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Ebru Elibol Annaç
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Köm
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Ömer Çakmak
- Meterial Science and Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
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13
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Beta Titanium Alloys Produced from Titanium Hydride: Effect of Alloying Elements on Titanium Hydride Decomposition. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of titanium hydride as a raw material has been an attractive alternative for the production of titanium components produced by powder metallurgy, due to increased densification of Ti compacts, greater control of contamination and cost reduction of the raw materials. However, a significant amount of hydrogen that often remains on the samples could generate degradation of the mechanical properties. Therefore, understanding decomposition mechanisms is essential to promote the components’ long life. Several studies on titanium hydride (TiH2) decomposition have been developed; nevertheless, few studies focus on the effect of the alloying elements on the dehydrogenation process. In this work, the effects of the addition of different amounts of Fe (5 and 7 wt. %) and Nb (12, 25, and 40 wt. %) as alloying elements were evaluated in detail. Results suggest that α→β transformation of Ti occurs below 800 °C; β phase can be observed at lower temperature than the expected according to the phase diagram. It was found that β phase transformation could take place during the intermediate stage of dehydrogenation. A mechanism was proposed for the effect of allying elements on the dehydrogenation process.
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Zhang Y, Sun D, Cheng J, Tsoi JKH, Chen J. Mechanical and biological properties of Ti-(0-25 wt%)Nb alloys for biomedical implants application. Regen Biomater 2019; 7:119-127. [PMID: 32153995 PMCID: PMC7053259 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Binary titanium–niobium (Ti–Nb) alloys have recently been attracted due to low Young’s moduli and non-toxic properties. This study explores the influence of low Nb content (0–25 wt%) on the comprehensive parameters of tensile stress–strain relationships (ultimate strength (σUTS), yield strength (σ0.2) and elastic modulus (E)), surfaces properties (Vickers microhardness, surface roughness (Ra), water contact angle (WCA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), corrosion resistance (in artificial saliva and lactic acid) and biological properties (cytotoxicity and alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts) of Ti–xNb alloys (x = 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt%), with using commercially pure grade 2 titanium (cp-Ti) as control. XRD results shown that all the Ti–xNb alloys comprised α + β Ti alloy phases, such that the β phase increased correspondingly with the increased amount of Nb in the alloy, as well as the reduction of E (69–87 GPa). Except Ti–5Nb, all other Ti–xNb alloys showed a significantly higher hardness, increased σUTS and σ0.2, and decreased WCA compared with cp-Ti. No corrosion was detected on Ti–xNb alloys and cp-Ti in artificial saliva and lactic acid solutions. The cytotoxicity of Ti–xNb alloys was comparable to that of cp-Ti in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts without interference from differentiation behaviour, but the proliferation rate of the Ti–5Nb alloy was lower than other groups. In overall, binary Ti–(10–25 wt%)Nb alloys are promising candidate for orthopaedic and dental implants due to their improved mechanical properties and comparable biological performance, while Ti–5Nb should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.,Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danni Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.,Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, Shaanxi, China
| | - James Kit Hon Tsoi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.,Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
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15
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Bartalucci N, Marchetti F, Zacchini S, Pampaloni G. Decarbonylation of phenylacetic acids by high valent transition metal halides. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5725-5734. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00551j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The unusual decarbonylation of α-phenyl carboxylic acids with suitable substituents is a general reaction promoted at room temperature by homoleptic halides of high valent transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bartalucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”
- Università di Bologna
- I-40136 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
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16
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Karre R, Kodli BK, Rajendran A, J N, Pattanayak DK, Ameyama K, Dey SR. Comparative study on Ti-Nb binary alloys fabricated through spark plasma sintering and conventional P/M routes for biomedical application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 94:619-627. [PMID: 30423747 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this work is to obtain homogenous, single β phase in binary Ti-xNb (x = 18.75, 25, and 31.25 at.%) alloys by simple mixing of pure elemental powders using different sintering techniques such as spark plasma sintering (pressure-assisted sintering) and conventional powder metallurgy (pressure-less sintering). Synthesis parameters such as sintering temperature and holding time etc. are optimized in both techniques in order to get homogenous microstructure. In spark plasma sintering (SPS), complete homogeneous β phase is achieved in Ti25at.%Nb using 1300 °C sintering temperature with 60 min holding time under 50 MPa pressure. On the other hand, complete β phase is obtained in Ti25at.%Nb through conventional powder metallurgy (P/M) route using sintering temperature of 1400 °C for 120 min holding time which are adopted from the dilatometry studies. Nano-indentation is carried out for mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and nano-hardness. Elastic properties of binary Ti-xNb compositions are fallen within the range of 80-90 GPa. Cytotoxicity as well as cell adhesion studies carried out using MG63, osteoblast-like cells showed excellent biocompatibility of thus developed Ti25at.%Nb surface irrespective of fabrication route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamallu Karre
- Dept. of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Basanth Kumar Kodli
- Dept. of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Archana Rajendran
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630006, India
| | - Nivedhitha J
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630006, India
| | - Deepak K Pattanayak
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630006, India
| | - Kei Ameyama
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University (BKC), Noji-higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu, Shiga 5258577, Japan
| | - Suhash R Dey
- Dept. of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India.
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17
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Dehghan-Manshadi A, Chen Y, Shi Z, Bermingham M, StJohn D, Dargusch M, Qian M. Porous Titanium Scaffolds Fabricated by Metal Injection Moulding for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1573. [PMID: 30200402 PMCID: PMC6163891 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible titanium scaffolds with up to 40% interconnected porosity were manufactured through the metal injection moulding process and the space holder technique. The mechanical properties of the manufactured scaffold showed a high level of compatibility with those of the cortical human bone. Sintering at 1250 °C produced scaffolds with 36% porosity and more than 90% interconnected pores, a compressive yield stress of 220 MPa and a Young's modulus of 7.80 GPa, all suitable for bone tissue engineering. Increasing the sintering temperature to 1300 °C increased the Young's modulus to 22.0 GPa due to reduced porosity, while reducing the sintering temperature to 1150 °C lowered the yield stress to 120 MPa, indicative of insufficient sintering. Electrochemical studies revealed that samples sintered at 1150 °C have a higher corrosion rate compared with those at a sintering temperature of 1250 °C. Overall, it was concluded that sintering at 1250 °C yielded the most desirable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehghan-Manshadi
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Yunhui Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Zhiming Shi
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Michael Bermingham
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - David StJohn
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Matthew Dargusch
- Queensland Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Ma Qian
- School of Engineering, Centre for Additive Manufacturing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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18
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Bartalucci N, Biancalana L, Bortoluzzi M, Pampaloni G, Giordano L, Zacchini S, Marchetti F. Cascade Reactions of α-Phenylcinnamic Acid to Polycyclic Compounds Promoted by High Valent Transition Metal Halides. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bartalucci
- Università di Pisa; Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Moruzzi 13; I-56124 Pisa
- CIRCC; via Celso Ulpiani 27; I-70126 Bari Italy
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Università di Pisa; Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Moruzzi 13; I-56124 Pisa
- CIRCC; via Celso Ulpiani 27; I-70126 Bari Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- CIRCC; via Celso Ulpiani 27; I-70126 Bari Italy
- Università Ca' Foscari Venezia; Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Via Torino 155; I-30170 Mestre (VE) Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Università di Pisa; Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Moruzzi 13; I-56124 Pisa
- CIRCC; via Celso Ulpiani 27; I-70126 Bari Italy
| | - Luca Giordano
- Università di Pisa; Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Moruzzi 13; I-56124 Pisa
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- CIRCC; via Celso Ulpiani 27; I-70126 Bari Italy
- Università di Bologna; Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Viale Risorgimento 4; I-40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Università di Pisa; Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Moruzzi 13; I-56124 Pisa
- CIRCC; via Celso Ulpiani 27; I-70126 Bari Italy
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19
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An Efficient Powder Metallurgy Processing Route to Prepare High-Performance β-Ti–Nb Alloys Using Pure Titanium and Titanium Hydride Powders. METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/met8070516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Hamidi MFFA, Harun WSW, Samykano M, Ghani SAC, Ghazalli Z, Ahmad F, Sulong AB. A review of biocompatible metal injection moulding process parameters for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:1263-1276. [PMID: 28575965 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible metals have been revolutionizing the biomedical field, predominantly in human implant applications, where these metals widely used as a substitute to or as function restoration of degenerated tissues or organs. Powder metallurgy techniques, in specific the metal injection moulding (MIM) process, have been employed for the fabrication of controlled porous structures used for dental and orthopaedic surgical implants. The porous metal implant allows bony tissue ingrowth on the implant surface, thereby enhancing fixation and recovery. This paper elaborates a systematic classification of various biocompatible metals from the aspect of MIM process as used in medical industries. In this study, three biocompatible metals are reviewed-stainless steels, cobalt alloys, and titanium alloys. The applications of MIM technology in biomedicine focusing primarily on the MIM process setting parameters discussed thoroughly. This paper should be of value to investigators who are interested in state of the art of metal powder metallurgy, particularly the MIM technology for biocompatible metal implant design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F F A Hamidi
- Institute of Postgraduate Studies, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - W S W Harun
- Green Research for Advanced Materials Laboratory, Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - M Samykano
- Structural and Material Degradation Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - S A C Ghani
- Green Research for Advanced Materials Laboratory, Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Z Ghazalli
- Green Research for Advanced Materials Laboratory, Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - F Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia
| | - A B Sulong
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Malaysia
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21
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Liu J, Ruan J, Chang L, Yang H, Ruan W. Porous Nb-Ti-Ta alloy scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Fabrication, mechanical properties and in vitro/vivo biocompatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:503-512. [PMID: 28576015 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Porous Nb-Ti-Ta (at.%) alloys with the pore size of 100-600μm and the porosity of 50%-80% were fabricated by the combination of the sponge impregnation technique and sintering method. The results revealed that the pores were well connected with three-dimensional (3D) network structure, which showed morphological similarity to the anisotropic porous structure of human bones. The results also showed that the alloys could provide the compressive Young's modulus of 0.11±0.01GPa to 2.08±0.09GPa and the strength of 17.45±2.76MPa to 121.67±1.76MPa at different level of porosity, indicating that the mechanical properties of the alloys are similar to those of human bones. Pore structure on the compressive properties was also discussed on the basis of the deformation mode. The relationship between compressive properties and porosity was well consistent with the Gibson-Ashby model. The mechanical properties could be tailored to match different requirements of the human bones. Moreover, the alloys had good biocompatibility due to the porous structure with higher surface, which were suitable for apatite formation and cell adhesion. In conclusion, the porous Nb-Ti-Ta alloy is potentially useful in the hard tissue implants for the appropriate mechanical properties as well as the good biocompatible properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jianming Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Lin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Hailin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China.
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22
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Liu J, Chang L, Liu H, Li Y, Yang H, Ruan J. Microstructure, mechanical behavior and biocompatibility of powder metallurgy Nb-Ti-Ta alloys as biomedical material. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:512-519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Mendes MW, Ágreda CG, Bressiani AH, Bressiani JC. A new titanium based alloy Ti–27Nb–13Zr produced by powder metallurgy with biomimetic coating for use as a biomaterial. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 63:671-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Santos PF, Niinomi M, Liu H, Cho K, Nakai M, Itoh Y, Narushima T, Ikeda M. Fabrication of low-cost beta-type Ti–Mn alloys for biomedical applications by metal injection molding process and their mechanical properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 59:497-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Panigrahi A, Sulkowski B, Waitz T, Ozaltin K, Chrominski W, Pukenas A, Horky J, Lewandowska M, Skrotzki W, Zehetbauer M. Mechanical properties, structural and texture evolution of biocompatible Ti-45Nb alloy processed by severe plastic deformation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 62:93-105. [PMID: 27179768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible β Ti-45Nb (wt%) alloys were subjected to different methods of severe plastic deformation (SPD) in order to increase the mechanical strength without increasing the low Young׳s modulus thus avoiding the stress shielding effect. The mechanical properties, microstructural changes and texture evolution were investigated, by means of tensile, microhardness and nanoindentation tests, as well as TEM and XRD. Significant increases of hardness and ultimate tensile strength up to a factor 1.6 and 2, respectively, could be achieved depending on the SPD method applied (hydrostatic extrusion - HE, high pressure torsion - HPT, and rolling and folding - R&F), while maintaining the considerable ductility. Due to the high content of β-stabilizing Nb, the initial lattice structure turned out to be stable upon all of the SPD methods applied. This explains why with all SPD methods the apparent Young׳s modulus measured by nanoindentation did not exceed that of the non-processed material. For its variations below that level, they could be quantitatively related to changes in the SPD-induced texture, by means of calculations of the Young׳s modulus on basis of the texture data which were carefully measured for all different SPD techniques and strains. This is especially true for the significant decrease of Young׳s modulus for increasing R&F processing which is thus identified as a texture effect. Considering the mechanical biocompatibility (percentage of hardness over Young׳s modulus), a value of 3-4% is achieved with all the SPD routes applied which recommends them for enhancing β Ti-alloys for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Panigrahi
- Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bartosz Sulkowski
- Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Material Science and Non-Ferrous Metals Engineering, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH-University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Thomas Waitz
- Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kadir Ozaltin
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Chrominski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aurimas Pukenas
- Institute of Structural Physics, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jelena Horky
- Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Health & Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biomedical Systems, 2700 Wr. Neustadt, Austria
| | - Malgorzata Lewandowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Werner Skrotzki
- Institute of Structural Physics, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Zehetbauer
- Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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26
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Surface characterisation and corrosion behaviour of niobium treated in a Ca- and P-containing solution under sparking conditions. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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27
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Li F, Li J, Xu G, Liu G, Kou H, Zhou L. Fabrication, pore structure and compressive behavior of anisotropic porous titanium for human trabecular bone implant applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 46:104-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Zhao D, Lei L, Wang S, Nie H. Understanding cell homing-based tissue regeneration from the perspective of materials. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7319-7333. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01188d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The triad of cell homing-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Orthodontics
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha 410008
- China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Hemin Nie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
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29
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Calin M, Helth A, Gutierrez Moreno JJ, Bönisch M, Brackmann V, Giebeler L, Gemming T, Lekka CE, Gebert A, Schnettler R, Eckert J. Elastic softening of β-type Ti–Nb alloys by indium (In) additions. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 39:162-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Yan M, Qian M, Kong C, Dargusch M. Impacts of trace carbon on the microstructure of as-sintered biomedical Ti-15Mo alloy and reassessment of the maximum carbon limit. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1014-23. [PMID: 24200712 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The formation of grain boundary (GB) brittle carbides with a complex three-dimensional (3-D) morphology can be detrimental to both the fatigue properties and corrosion resistance of a biomedical titanium alloy. A detailed microscopic study has been performed on an as-sintered biomedical Ti-15Mo (in wt.%) alloy containing 0.032 wt.% C. A noticeable presence of a carbon-enriched phase has been observed along the GB, although the carbon content is well below the maximum carbon limit of 0.1 wt.% specified by ASTM Standard F2066. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identified that the carbon-enriched phase is face-centred cubic Ti2C. 3-D tomography reconstruction revealed that the Ti2C structure has morphology similar to primary α-Ti. Nanoindentation confirmed the high hardness and high Young's modulus of the GB Ti2C phase. To avoid GB carbide formation in Ti-15Mo, the carbon content should be limited to 0.006 wt.% by Thermo-Calc predictions. Similar analyses and characterization of the carbide formation in biomedical unalloyed Ti, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-16Nb have also been performed.
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