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Lackington WA, Bellon B, Guimond S, Schweizer P, Cancellieri C, Ambeza A, Chopard-Lallier AL, Pippenger B, Armutlulu A, Maeder X, Schmutz P, Rottmar M. Bio-Inspired Micro- and Nano-Scale Surface Features Produced by Femtosecond Laser-Texturing Enhance TiZr-Implant Osseointegration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400810. [PMID: 38857489 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Surface design plays a critical role in determining the integration of dental implants with bone tissue. Femtosecond laser-texturing has emerged as a breakthrough technology offering excellent uniformity and reproducibility in implant surface features. However, when compared to state-of-the-art sandblasted and acid-etched surfaces, laser-textured surface designs typically underperform in terms of osseointegration. This study investigates the capacity of a bio-inspired femtosecond laser-textured surface design to enhance osseointegration compared to state-of-the-art sandblasted & acid-etched surfaces. Laser-texturing facilitates the production of an organized trabeculae-like microarchitecture with superimposed nano-scale laser-induced periodic surface structures on both 2D and 3D samples of titanium-zirconium-alloy. Following a boiling treatment to modify the surface chemistry, improving wettability to a contact angle of 10°, laser-textured surfaces enhance fibrin network formation when in contact with human whole blood, comparable to state-of-the-art surfaces. In vitro experiments demonstrate that laser-textured surfaces significantly outperform state-of-the-art surfaces with a 2.5-fold higher level of mineralization by bone progenitor cells after 28 days of culture. Furthermore, in vivo evaluations reveal superior biomechanical integration of laser-textured surfaces after 28 days of implantation. Notably, during abiological pull-out tests, laser-textured surfaces exhibit comparable performance, suggesting that the observed enhanced osseointegration is primarily driven by the biological response to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Arthur Lackington
- Biointerfaces Lab, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Bellon
- Institut Straumann AG, Basel, 4052, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33720, Finland
| | - Stefanie Guimond
- Biointerfaces Lab, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schweizer
- Mechanics of Materials & Nanostructures Lab, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, 3603, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Cancellieri
- Joining Technologies & Corrosion Lab, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Ambeza
- Laser TSE, GF Machining Solutions SA, Geneva, 1242, Switzerland
| | | | - Benjamin Pippenger
- Institut Straumann AG, Basel, 4052, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | | | - Xavier Maeder
- Mechanics of Materials & Nanostructures Lab, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, 3603, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Schmutz
- Joining Technologies & Corrosion Lab, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rottmar
- Biointerfaces Lab, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
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Al Jabbari YS, Fournelle R, Sufyan A, Zinelis S. Is fatigue mechanism implicated in intraoral fracture of narrow dental implants? A thorough retrieval analysis of two failed implant fixtures retrieved from a single patient. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:770-777. [PMID: 38766294 PMCID: PMC11096602 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to perform a thorough failure analysis of two fractured narrow dental implants after medium-term in vivo use. Materials and methods The top parts of two fractured Narrow Dental Implant (NDI) fixtures were retrieved from two different locations at two different times from the same patient. The NDI-specimen-1 was 12-months in service while the NDI-specimen-2 was 17-months in service. In both cases, the top parts of the fractured NDI fixtures that were attached to prosthetic components were retrieved and subjected to thorough, non-destructive and destructive testing. Results Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that both the retrieved fractured NDIs failed because of fatigue, characterized by beach and ratchet marks. Macroscopic examination revealed that fatigue cracks initiated at the internal thread surfaces of the implants and propagated around them until final fracture. Both samples fractured near the end of the retaining screw and followed the root of the internal thread. Optical and SEM analyses revealed a uniform distribution of irregularly shaped grains (diameter = 2 to 5 μm). X -ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that the NDI-specimen-1 was made using Ti-14%Zr with a Vickers Hardens (HV) of 288 ± 5. Conclusion Since the fracture occurred by a fatigue; thus, an increase in fatigue resistance will be beneficial for the longevity of NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef S. Al Jabbari
- Dental Biomaterials Research and Development Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raymond Fournelle
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Marquette University School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Arif Sufyan
- Dental Biomaterials Research and Development Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Spiros Zinelis
- Dental Biomaterials Research and Development Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Prasitwuttisak S, Chantarapanich N, Apinyauppatham K, Poomparnich K, Inglam S. Clinical challenges of biomechanical performance of narrow-diameter implants in maxillary posterior teeth in aging patients: A finite element analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299816. [PMID: 38527030 PMCID: PMC10962792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the biomechanical performance of narrow-diameter implant (NDI) treatment in atrophic maxillary posterior teeth in aging patients by finite element analysis. The upper left posterior bone segment with first and second premolar teeth missing obtained from a patient's cone beam computed tomography data was simulated with cortical bone thicknesses of 0.5 and 1.0 mm. Three model groups were analyzed. The Regimen group had NDIs of 3.3 × 10 mm in length with non-splinted crowns. Experimental-1 group had NDIs of 3.0 × 10 mm in length with non-splinted crowns and Experimental-2 group had NDIs of 3.0 × 10 mm in length with splinted crowns. The applied load was 56.9 N in three directions: axial (along the implant axis), oblique at 30° (30° to the bucco-palatal plane compared to the vertical axis of the tooth), and lateral load at 90° (90° in the bucco-palatal plane compared to the vertical axis of the tooth). The results of the von Mises stress on the implant fixture, the elastic strain, and principal value of stress on the crestal marginal bone were analyzed. The axial load direction was comparable in the von Mises stress values in all groups, which indicated it was not necessary to use splinted crowns. The elastic strain values in the axial and oblique directions were within the limits of Frost's mechanostat theory. The principal value of stress in all groups were under the threshold of the compressive stress and tensile strength of cortical bone. In the oblique and lateral directions, the splinted crown showed better results for both the von Mises stress, elastic strain, and principal value of stress than the non-splinted crown. In conclusion, category 2 NDIs can be used in the upper premolar region of aging patients in the case of insufficient bone for category 3 NDI restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nattapon Chantarapanich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | | | | | - Samroeng Inglam
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Herrera-Pérez P, García-De-La-Fuente AM, Andia-Larrea E, Marichalar-Mendia X, Aguirre-Urizar JM, Aguirre-Zorzano LA. Clinical analysis of the tooth-implant papilla for two narrow-diameter titanium-zirconium implants in the anterior area: prospective controlled clinical study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:310. [PMID: 38443879 PMCID: PMC10916199 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rehabilitation of the anterior area when the mesio-distal space is reduced is a challenge for the clinician, due to the patient's anatomical limitations and aesthetic requirements. Narrow Diameter Implants (NDI) are an option of treatment when the standard diameter implant is not possible, but the evidence is scarce. This prospective clinical study aims to analyze the formation of the tooth-implant papilla between the implant and the adjacent natural tooth in the maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular incisors. METHODS A total of 40 patients treated with NDI, of titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zr) alloy i.e., 2.9 mm Test Group (TG) and 3.3 mm Control Group (CG), were included. The mesiodistal distance between the adjacent natural teeth was used for implant selection, maintaining 1.5 mm between the fixation and the adjacent tooth. Clinical assessment was performed by a clinical examiner at 6 and 12 months after the final prosthesis. The primary variable was the Jemt Papillary Index. Also, implant survival rate (SR), complications, Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ), and patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) such as aesthetics, chewing, phonation, comfort, and self-esteem were analyzed. RESULTS A significant amount of papilla filling was observed concerning the baseline, with a trend towards more formation of the papilla in the TG, with a JPI score of 3. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding implant SR, clinical parameters, and complications. In terms of PROMs, a higher satisfaction in the TG was observed, with significant intergroup differences for aesthetics, comfort, self-esteem, and primary stability ISQ (TG: 59.05 (SD: 5.4) vs. CG: 51.55 (SD: 5.7)). CONCLUSIONS The 2.9 mm diameter Ti-Zr implants achieved a formation of papilla similar to 3.3 mm implants in the anterior region at 12 months of follow-up after the final prosthetic restoration. The use of Ti-Zr implants with a diameter of 2.9 mm to rehabilitate single teeth in areas of the anterior region, where the mesiodistal distance is limited, showed favorable clinical results and a high degree of satisfaction during 1 year of observation similar to 3.3 mm dental implants. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the number NCT05642520, dated 18/11/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana María García-De-La-Fuente
- Research Group: GIU21/042Department of StomatologyFaculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940, Leioa, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Eztizen Andia-Larrea
- International University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Stomatology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Biscay, Spain
| | - Xabier Marichalar-Mendia
- Research Group: GIU21/042, Department of Nursery I, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Biscay, Spain
| | - José Manuel Aguirre-Urizar
- Research Group: GIU21/042Department of StomatologyFaculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940, Leioa, Biscay, Spain
| | - Luis Antonio Aguirre-Zorzano
- Research Group: GIU21/042Department of StomatologyFaculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940, Leioa, Biscay, Spain
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Kopp A, Werner J, Kröger N, Weirich TE, D'Elia F. Combined severe plastic deformation processing of commercial purity titanium enables superior fatigue resistance for next generation implants. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 157:213756. [PMID: 38211508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Commercial purity titanium (cp-Ti) is considered for replacing Ti64 as an implant material in various applications, due to the potential toxicity associated with the release of Al and V ions. However, the mechanical properties of cp-Ti, particularly fatigue resistance, are inadequate for this purpose. In this study, cp-Ti grade 4 rods were processed using a combination of equal channel angular pressing and rotary swaging (ECAP/RS). Tensile and fatigue tests were conducted, along with detailed microscopy and evaluation of corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. An average yield strength of 1383 MPa was obtained while maintaining moderate ductility of 10 %. This represents the highest strength ever recorded for cp-Ti, even exceeding that of Ti64. Additionally, fatigue endurance limit increased by 43 % up to 600 MPa, almost obtaining that of Ti64. Strengthening mechanisms were attributed to the ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure generated by ECAP/RS, along with strong crystallographic texture and formation of sub-grain structure. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of cp-Ti were largely unaffected, potentially easing regulatory transition in future medical devices. Thus, these results demonstrate high potential of combined ECAP/RS processing to manufacture UFG cp-Ti grade 4 materials that prospectively allow for the substitution of questionable alloys and downsizing of medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Werner
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy RWTH-Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Nadja Kröger
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Clinic for Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital Eschweiler, 52249 Eschweiler, Germany.
| | - Thomas E Weirich
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy RWTH-Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Francesco D'Elia
- Meotec GmbH, Aachen 52068, Germany; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75120, Sweden.
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Zhao Q, Ueno T, Wakabayashi N. A review in titanium-zirconium binary alloy for use in dental implants: Is there an ideal Ti-Zr composing ratio? JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:28-37. [PMID: 36819742 PMCID: PMC9929582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Binary titanium-zirconium alloys have been studied as promising alternatives for Ti implants. The commercial Ti-15Zr alloy (Roxolid, Straumann) has been the major subject of numerous binary Ti-Zr alloys-related studies and has gained wide recognition in laboratory studies and clinical practices. However, binary Ti-Zr alloys of other composition ratios are still being investigated by researchers. This review aims to provide information on the potential of binary Ti-Zr alloys other than Ti-15Zr as implant materials in terms of mechanical strengths, chemical or electrochemical corrosion resistance capabilities, and biological performances. In addition, in this review, the Ti-15Zr alloy is discussed only when compared with other binary Ti-Zr alloys. From the included 26 studies, it is confirmed that the mechanical, chemical, electrochemical, and biological properties of Ti-Zr alloys are related to the Ti and Zr composition ratio in the alloy, phase, manufacturing process, and surface treatment. Among the studied alloys, α-or α' phase-Ti-5 wt, 45 wt/30at, and 50 wt. %Zr exhibited relatively more promising results for further investigation. More research is necessary to evaluate the potential for future use of these materials for implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Ueno
- Corresponding author at: Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
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7
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Qin S, Gao Z. Comparative evaluation of short or standard implants with different prosthetic designs in the posterior mandibular region: a three-dimensional finite element analysis study. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:1499-1509. [PMID: 36125258 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2124859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the stress distribution of splinted or nonsplinted restorations supported by 2 short or 2 standard dental implants in the mandibular molar region using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Two standard implants (4.8 × 10mm) were placed in the mandibular molar area. Two short implants (4.8 × 6 mm) were located in the mandibular molar atrophied area. Implant-supported prostheses were simulated with splinted or nonsplinted crowns design. Vertical load of 200 N and oblique load of 100 N were applied on the central fossa and the buccal cusps. Evaluation of stress distribution in implants and peri-implant cortical bone using the finite element analysis software (Ansys, Version 2020, R2), a multipurpose computer design program. The maximum principal stress of cortical bone around the implants was higher in nonsplinted crowns when compared to splinted crowns. The stress concentration of cortical bone surrounding implants increased as the implant length decreased either splinted crowns or nonsplinted crowns. The short implants with nonsplinted crowns showed lower stresses when compared to standard implants with nonsplinted crowns. The results suggest that the nonsplinted prostheses supported by short dental implants might be considered in the molar area of the atrophic mandible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Qin
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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8
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Abdellah MY, Alharthi H. Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Crack Growth Analyses on a Biomedical Ti-27Nb Alloy under Constant Amplitude Loading Using Extended Finite Element Modelling. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4467. [PMID: 37374650 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The human body normally uses alternative materials such as implants to replace injured or damaged bone. Fatigue fracture is a common and serious type of damage in implant materials. Therefore, a deep understanding and estimation or prediction of such loading modes, which are influenced by many factors, is of great importance and attractiveness. In this study, the fracture toughness of Ti-27Nb, a well-known implant titanium alloy biomaterial, was simulated using an advanced finite element subroutine. Furthermore, a robust direct cyclic finite element fatigue model based on a fatigue failure criterion derived from Paris' law is used in conjunction with an advanced finite element model to estimate the initiation of fatigue crack growth in such materials under ambient conditions. The R-curve was fully predicted, yielding a minimum percent error of less than 2% for fracture toughness and less than 5% for fracture separation energy. This provides a valuable technique and data for fracture and fatigue performance of such bio-implant materials. Fatigue crack growth was predicted with a minimum percent difference of less than nine for compact tensile test standard specimens. The shape and mode of material behaviour have a significant effect on the Paris law constant. The fracture modes showed that the crack path is in two directions. The finite element direct cycle fatigue method was recommended to determine the fatigue crack growth of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Y Abdellah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah Alharthi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
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Răducanu D, Nocivin A, Cojocaru VD, Șerban N, Zărnescu-Ivan N, Irimescu RE, Gălbinașu BM. Microstructural Considerations of a Multi-Pass Rolled Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3208. [PMID: 37110044 PMCID: PMC10144209 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The microstructural characteristic evolution was investigated during thermomechanical processing of Ti-29Nb-9Ta-10Zr (wt %) alloy, which consisted of, in a first stage, in a Multi-Pass Rolling with increasing thickness reduction of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 90%; in step two, the multi-pass rolled sample with the highest thickness reduction (90%) was subjected to a series of three variants of static short recrystallization and then to a final similar aging. The objective was to evaluate the microstructural features evolution during thermomechanical processing (phase's nature, morphology, dimensions, and crystallographic characteristics) and to find the optimal heat treatment variant for refinement of the alloy granulation until ultrafine/nanometric level for a promising combination of mechanical properties. The microstructural features were investigated by X-ray diffraction and SEM techniques through which the presence of two phases was recorded: the β-Ti phase and the α″-Ti martensitic phase. The corresponding cell parameters, dimensions of the coherent crystallite and the micro-deformations at the crystalline network level for both recorded phases were determined. The majority β-Ti phase underwent a strong refinement during the Multi-Pass Rolling process until ultrafine/nano grain dimension (about 9.8 nm), with subsequent slow growing during recrystallization and aging treatments, hindered by the presence of sub-micron α″-Ti phase dispersed inside β-Ti grains. An analysis concerning the possible deformation mechanisms was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Răducanu
- Department of Metallic Materials Processing and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (D.R.); (V.D.C.); (N.Ș.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Anna Nocivin
- Faculty of Mechanical, Industrial and Maritime Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanța, Romania;
| | - Vasile Dănuț Cojocaru
- Department of Metallic Materials Processing and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (D.R.); (V.D.C.); (N.Ș.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Nicolae Șerban
- Department of Metallic Materials Processing and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (D.R.); (V.D.C.); (N.Ș.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Nicoleta Zărnescu-Ivan
- Department of Metallic Materials Processing and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (D.R.); (V.D.C.); (N.Ș.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Raluca Elena Irimescu
- Department of Metallic Materials Processing and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (D.R.); (V.D.C.); (N.Ș.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Bogdan Mihai Gălbinașu
- Dental Medicine Faculty, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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10
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Santos AA, Teixeira JVU, Pintão CAF, Correa DRN, Grandini CR, Lisboa-Filho PN. Ti-15Zr and Ti-15Zr-5Mo Biomaterials Alloys: An Analysis of Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Behavior in Phosphate-Buffered Saline Solution. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1826. [PMID: 36902942 PMCID: PMC10004271 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial for clinical needs to develop novel titanium alloys feasible for long-term use as orthopedic and dental prostheses to prevent adverse implications and further expensive procedures. The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the corrosion and tribocorrosion behavior in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) of two recently developed titanium alloys, Ti-15Zr and Ti-15Zr-5Mo (wt.%) and compare them with the commercially pure titanium grade 4 (CP-Ti G4). Density, XRF, XRD, OM, SEM, and Vickers microhardness analyses were conducted to give details about the phase composition and the mechanical properties. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to supplement the corrosion studies, while confocal microscopy and SEM imaging of the wear track were used to evaluate the tribocorrosion mechanisms. As a result, the Ti-15Zr (α + α' phase) and Ti-15Zr-5Mo (α″ + β phase) samples exhibited advantageous properties compared to CP-Ti G4 in the electrochemical and tribocorrosion tests. Moreover, a better recovery capacity of the passive oxide layer was observed in the studied alloys. These results open new horizons for biomedical applications of Ti-Zr-Mo alloys, such as dental and orthopedical prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Alencar Santos
- Materials Science and Technology Program, Department of Physics, School of Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean Valdir Uchôa Teixeira
- Materials Science and Technology Program, Department of Physics, School of Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Fonzar Pintão
- Physical and Rheological Characterization Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Rafael Nespeque Correa
- Laboratory of Anelasticity and Biomaterials, Department of Physics, School of Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Grandini
- Laboratory of Anelasticity and Biomaterials, Department of Physics, School of Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department of Physics, School of Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
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11
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Carobolante JPA, Pereira Júnior A, Bortolini Junior C, Barboza da Silva K, Sabino RM, Popat KC, Claro APRA. Processing and Characterization of a New Quaternary Alloy Ti 10Mo 8Nb 6Zr for Potential Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15238636. [PMID: 36500131 PMCID: PMC9737621 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The study of new metallic biomaterials for application in bone tissue repair has improved due to the increase in life expectancy and the aging of the world population. Titanium alloys are one of the main groups of biomaterials for these applications, and beta-type titanium alloys are more suitable for long-term bone implants. The objective of this work was to process and characterize a new Ti10Mo8Nb6Zr beta alloy. Alloy processing involves arc melting, heat treatment, and cold forging. The characterization techniques used in this study were X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, microhardness measurements, and pulse excitation technique. In vitro studies using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and cell viability after 1, 4, and 7 days. The results showed that the main phase during the processing route was the beta phase. At the end of processing, the alloy showed beta phase, equiaxed grains with an average size of 228.7 µm, and low Young's modulus (83 GPa). In vitro studies revealed non-cytotoxicity and superior cell viability compared to CP Ti. The addition of zirconium led to a decrease in the beta-transus temperature and Young's modulus and improved the biocompatibility of the alloy. Therefore, the Ti10Mo8Nb6Zr alloy is a promising candidate for application in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Aquiles Carobolante
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Guaratinguetá Campus, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Adelvam Pereira Júnior
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Guaratinguetá Campus, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Celso Bortolini Junior
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Guaratinguetá Campus, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Kerolene Barboza da Silva
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Guaratinguetá Campus, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Roberta Maia Sabino
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ketul C. Popat
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ana Paula Rosifini Alves Claro
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Guaratinguetá Campus, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Advances in sustainable grinding of different types of the titanium biomaterials for medical applications: A review. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2022.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Shah SD, Zheng F, Seghi RR, Lee DJ. Strength of titanium-zirconium alloy implants with a conical connection after implantoplasty. J Prosthet Dent 2022:S0022-3913(22)00511-X. [PMID: 36150928 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Peri-implantitis occurs around dental implants, and implantoplasty has been used to address this ongoing disease; however, the changes to the physical properties of an implant after implantoplasty have not been well documented. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of implantoplasty on fracture strength and the load required for plastic deformation after cyclic fatigue on dental implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six titanium/zirconium (TiZr) alloy implants (Roxolid Bone Level Implant; 4.1×10 mm) were embedded with 50% thread exposure and divided into 4 groups based on whether they had implantoplasty treatment by using different diamond rotary instruments and/or cyclic loading at 250 N for 2 million cycles: C0 (control, no cyclic loading), T0 (test, no cyclic loading), CM (control, cyclic loading), and TM (test, cyclic loading). After implantoplasty and/or cyclic loading, all implants underwent a load-to-failure test. The maximum fracture strength (FS) and load required for the onset of plastic deformation (PD) were recorded in Newtons. One-way ANOVA and nonparametric comparisons with control by using the Dunn and Wilcoxon method for joint ranking were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The mean ±standard deviation FS for C0, CM, T0, and TM was 1465.2 ±86.4 N, 1480.7 ±64.1 N, 1299.3 ±123.8 N, and 1252.1 ±85.7 N, respectively. The mean ±standard deviation load for onset of PD for C0, CM, T0, and TM was 860.2 ±88.1 N, 797.0 ±130.5 N, 776.5 ±181.8 N, and 631.3 ±84.5 N, respectively. The TM group had a significantly lower FS and PD than the C0, CM, and T0 groups (P<.05) CONCLUSIONS: Both fracture strength (FS) and the onset of plastic deformation (PD) were significantly reduced after a TiZr alloy implant received implantoplasty and cyclic loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety D Shah
- Former Resident, Advanced Prosthodontics Program, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio; Private practice, Charlotte, NC
| | - Fengyuan Zheng
- Associate Clinical Professor and Director, Advanced Education in Prosthodontics Program, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry; Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Robert R Seghi
- Professor Emeritus, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Damian J Lee
- Associate Professor and Director, Advanced Prosthodontics Program, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio.
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Tan T, Zhao Q, Kuwae H, Ueno T, Chen P, Tsutsumi Y, Mizuno J, Hanawa T, Wakabayashi N. Surface properties and biocompatibility of sandblasted and acid-etched titanium-zirconium binary alloys with various compositions. Dent Mater J 2021; 41:266-272. [PMID: 34866118 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ti-Zr alloys have been investigated as an alternative to commercially pure Ti (c.p.Ti). According to our previous studies on the mechanical properties of Ti-Zr alloys, a Zr proportion in the range of 30-50 mol% has competitive advantages over Ti-10Zr and c.p.Ti. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biological response to Ti-Zr alloys with different compositions and their surface characteristics. Alloy surfaces are modified by sandblasting and sulfuric acid etching. As a result, similar surface structures are observed for c.p.Ti, Ti-10Zr, and Ti-30Zr, whereas Ti-50Zr does not form a micro-rough structure by the same treatment process. No significant difference is found in the viability of cells on c.p.Ti, Ti-10Zr, and Ti-30Zr, whereas lower cell attachment levels are detected on Ti-50Zr. In summary, Ti-30Zr reliably forms a micro-rough structure, which provides one evidence for its application in a new dental implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbo Tan
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Qian Zhao
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwae
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University
| | - Takeshi Ueno
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yusuke Tsutsumi
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science
| | - Jun Mizuno
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University
| | - Takao Hanawa
- Department of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Noriyuki Wakabayashi
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Willis J, Li S, Crean SJ, Barrak FN. Is titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4 V cytotoxic to gingival fibroblasts-A systematic review. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:1037-1044. [PMID: 34018703 PMCID: PMC8638288 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Grade V titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4 V) is a well-recognized metallic biomaterial for medical implants. There has been some controversy regarding the use of this alloy in medical devices in relation to the toxicity of vanadium. In Dentistry, Ti-6Al-4 V remains prevalent. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of Ti-6Al-4 V on cells relevant to oral environments such as gingival fibroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was undertaken for relevant English language publications in the following databases: Dental and Oral Science, Medline and Web of Science. The electronic search was supplemented with a search of references. RESULTS After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of eight papers are included in this review. These papers were all in vitro studies and were categorized into whole implant, discs, or implant particles based on the type of test materials used in the studies. CONCLUSION Based on the analyses of the eight included studies in this review, if Ti-6Al-4 V as a material is unchallenged, i.e., as a whole implant in pH neutral environments, there appears to be little effect on fibroblasts. If Ti-6Al-4 V is challenged through corrosion or wear (particle release), the subsequent release of vanadium and aluminium particles has an increased cytotoxic effect in vitro in comparison to commercially pure titanium, hence concerns should be raised in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Willis
- School of DentistryUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of MaterialsRoyal School of Mines, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - St John Crean
- School of DentistryUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK
| | - Fadi N. Barrak
- School of DentistryUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK
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Kondoh K, Kariya S, Khantachawana A, Alhazaa A, Umeda J. Quantitative Strengthening Evaluation of Powder Metallurgy Titanium Alloys with Substitutional Zr and Interstitial O Solutes via Homogenization Heat Treatment. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216561. [PMID: 34772084 PMCID: PMC8585352 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The decomposition behavior of ZrO2 particles and uniform distribution of Zr and O solutes were investigated by employing in situ scanning electron microscope-electron backscatter diffraction (SEM-EBSD) analysis and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) to optimize the process conditions in preparing Ti-Zr-O alloys from the pre-mixed pure Ti powder and ZrO2 particles. The extruded Ti-Zr-O alloys via homogenization and water-quenching treatment were found to have a uniform distribution of Zr and O solutes in the matrix and also showed a remarkable improvement in the mechanical properties, for example, the yield stress of Ti-3 wt.% ZrO2 sample (1144.5 MPa) is about 2.5 times more than the amount of yield stress of pure Ti (471.4 MPa). Furthermore, the oxygen solid-solution was dominant in the yield stress increment, and the experimental data agreed well with the calculation results estimated using the Hall-Petch equation and Labusch model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Kondoh
- Department of Composite Materials Processing, Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka 567-0047, Ibaragi, Japan; (S.K.); (J.U.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shota Kariya
- Department of Composite Materials Processing, Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka 567-0047, Ibaragi, Japan; (S.K.); (J.U.)
| | - Anak Khantachawana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand;
| | - Abdulaziz Alhazaa
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Tribology, Surface, and Interface Sciences (TSIS), Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junko Umeda
- Department of Composite Materials Processing, Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka 567-0047, Ibaragi, Japan; (S.K.); (J.U.)
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Barão VAR, Ramachandran RA, Matos AO, Badhe RV, Grandini CR, Sukotjo C, Ozevin D, Mathew M. Prediction of tribocorrosion processes in titanium-based dental implants using acoustic emission technique: Initial outcome. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:112000. [PMID: 33812620 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of dental implants is growing rapidly for the last few decades and Ti-based dental implants are a commonly used prosthetic structure in dentistry. Recently, the combined effect of corrosion and wear, called tribocorrosion, is considered as a major driving process in the early failure of dental implants. However, no previous study has reported the prediction of tribocorrosion processes in advance. Therefore, this study is a novel investigation on how the acoustic emission (AE) technique can predict tribocorrosion processes in commercially-pure titanium (cpTi) and titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloys. In this study, tribocorrosion tests were performed under potentiostatic conditions and AE detection system associated with it captures AE data. Current evolution and friction coefficient data obtained from the potentiostatic evaluations were compared with AE absolute energy showcased the same data interpretation of tribocorrosion characteristics. Other AE data such as duration, count, and amplitude, matched more closely with other potentiostatic corrosion evaluations and delivered more promising results in the detection of tribocorrosion. Hence, AE can be consider as a tool for predicting tribocorrosion in dental implants. Experimental results also reveal Ti5Zr as one of the most appropriate dental implant materials while exposing Ti10Zr's lower effectiveness to withstand in the simulated oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Adaías Oliveira Matos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos R Grandini
- Laboratório de Anelasticidade e Biomateriais, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Didem Ozevin
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mathew Mathew
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, UIC Rockford, IL, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
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Biological Applications of Severely Plastically Deformed Nano-Grained Medical Devices: A Review. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030748. [PMID: 33809711 PMCID: PMC8002278 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metallic materials are widely used for fabricating medical implants due to their high specific strength, biocompatibility, good corrosion properties, and fatigue resistance. Recently, titanium (Ti) and its alloys, as well as stainless steel (SS), have attracted attention from researchers because of their biocompatibility properties within the human body; however, improvements in mechanical properties while keeping other beneficial properties unchanged are still required. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a unique process for fabricating an ultra-fine-grained (UFG) metal with micrometer- to nanometer-level grain structures. SPD methods can substantially refine grain size and represent a promising strategy for improving biological functionality and mechanical properties. This present review paper provides an overview of different SPD techniques developed to create nano-/ultra-fine-grain-structured Ti and stainless steel for improved biomedical implant applications. Furthermore, studies will be covered that have used SPD techniques to improve bone cell proliferation and function while decreasing bacterial colonization when cultured on such nano-grained metals (without resorting to antibiotic use).
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Hultin K, Eriksson A, Backe C, Johansson U, Bougas K. A Pilot Study with Randomised Controlled Design Comparing TiZr Alloy Dental Implants to Ti Implants. EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2020; 11:e3. [PMID: 33598111 PMCID: PMC7875101 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2020.11403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Evidence on the clinical performance of recently introduced dental implants in titanium-zirconium alloy is sparse. The aim of the present pilot study with randomized controlled design is to compare changes in supporting structures around dental titanium-zirconium alloy implants to commercially pure titanium implants. Material and Methods The present material includes consecutive patients referred to a specialist clinic in Sweden. Two patient groups treated with dental implants in two different materials - titanium (Ti) and titanium-zirconium (TiZr) - were defined after block randomisation for smoking. In total, 40 implants installed in 21 patients were available for one-year follow-up. Marginal bone level, soft tissue height and width of keratinised mucosa were registered at baseline and at one-year follow-up. Results At implant level, the test group (TiZr) yielded significant marginal bone loss (P < 0.001) after one year. Additionally, marginal bone loss after one year was significantly higher for TiZr implants (P < 0.001) as compared to traditional Ti implants. Soft tissue dimensions were stable throughout the evaluation time for both implant materials. Conclusions One-year results indicate more pronounced initial marginal bone loss for dental implants in titanium-zirconium alloy as compared to implants made of commercially pure titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Hultin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Södra Älvsborg Hospital, BoråsSweden
| | - Annelie Eriksson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Södra Älvsborg Hospital, BoråsSweden
| | - Christina Backe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Södra Älvsborg Hospital, BoråsSweden
| | - Ulf Johansson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Södra Älvsborg Hospital, BoråsSweden
| | - Kostas Bougas
- Department of Periodontology, Södra Älvsborg Hospital, BoråsSweden
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Matuła I, Dercz G, Zubko M, Maszybrocka J, Jurek-Suliga J, Golba S, Jendrzejewska I. Microstructure and Porosity Evolution of the Ti-35Zr Biomedical Alloy Produced by Elemental Powder Metallurgy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13204539. [PMID: 33066125 PMCID: PMC7601945 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the structure and porosity of binary Ti-35Zr (wt.%) alloy were investigated, allowing to consider powder metallurgy as a production method for new metallic materials for potential medical applications. The porous Ti-Zr alloys were obtained by milling, cold isostatic pressing and sintering. The pressure during cold isostatic pressing was a changing parameter and was respectively 250, 500, 750 and 1000 MPa. The X-ray diffraction study revealed only the α phase, which corresponds to the Ti-Zr phase diagram. The microstructure of the Ti-35Zr was observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. These observations revealed that the volume fraction of the pores decreased from over 20% to about 7% with increasing pressure during the cold isostatic pressing. The microhardness measurements showed changes from 137 HV0.5 to 225 HV0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Matuła
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1 A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (J.J.-S.); (S.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Dercz
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1 A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (J.J.-S.); (S.G.)
| | - Maciej Zubko
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1 A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (J.J.-S.); (S.G.)
- Department of Physics, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500-03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Maszybrocka
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1 A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (J.J.-S.); (S.G.)
| | - Justyna Jurek-Suliga
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1 A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (J.J.-S.); (S.G.)
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1 A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (J.J.-S.); (S.G.)
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Wei C, Luo L, Wu Z, Zhang J, Su S, Zhan Y. New Zr-25Ti-xMo alloys for dental implant application: Properties characterization and surface analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 111:104017. [PMID: 32818772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of Zr-25Ti-xMo (x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 wt %) as-cast alloys were designed to advance a new-brand Zr-based alloy with low Young's elastic, moderate compression strength, superior corrosion resistance and good wear behavior for the application of dental implant materials. In the present study, the microstructures of the alloys were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The microhardness and uniaxial compression measurement were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the alloys. The electrochemical behaviors of the alloys was investigated in artificial saliva solution. The friction and wear performances of the Zr-25Ti-xMo alloys were examined by pin-on-disk under the load of 15 N. The results shows that the crystalline structure transforms from hexagonal close-pack (α phase, x = 0 wt %) to body-centered cubic structure (β phase, 5 ≤ x ≤ 12.5 wt %) through a α + β dual-phase region (x = 2.5 wt %). They exhibits excellent mechanical properties with low elastic modulus (from 17.7 to 24.4 GPa) and moderate compression strength (from 1154.4 to 1310.8 MPa). The Zr-25Ti-xMo alloys possess good corrosion resistance due to the formation of a protective passive film consisting mainly of ZrO2, TiO2 and minor MoO3. Especially, the polarization curves demonstrates that the Zr-25Ti-7.5Mo alloy has a wider passive region than the other five alloys and it possesses the lower corrosion current density and corrosion rate. Furthermore, this alloy exhibits good abrasion resistance with the lowest coefficients of friction and volume wear loss. Thus, the Zr-25Ti-7.5Mo alloy has a combination of excellent mechanical properties such as low elastic modulus, moderate yield strength and the compression strength, good electrochemical stability and well wear resistance, it is considered a promising candidate for orthopedic materials as dental implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxia Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Liying Luo
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Zhangxi Wu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Jiakai Zhang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Shi Su
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yongzhong Zhan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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Joos M, Sailer I, Filippi A, Mukaddam K, Rosentritt M, Kühl S. Stability of screw-retention in two-piece zirconia implants: An in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020; 31:607-614. [PMID: 32181927 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the stability of a screw-retained connection in a novel two-piece zirconia implant to a conventional titanium-based connection in an in vitro chewing simulation including artificial ageing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Incisor (I) and molar (M) shaped monolithic zirconia crowns were screw-retained on either two-piece zirconia (test) or two-piece titanium (control) implants resulting in 4 groups of 8 samples (titanium implants with incisor-shaped crowns (T-I), titanium implants with molar-shaped crowns (T-M), zirconia implants with incisor-shaped crowns (Z-I) and zirconia implants with molar-shaped crowns (Z-M). These were subjected to artificial ageing by thermal cycling (TC: 2 × 3000 × 5°C/55°C cycles of 2 min) and mechanical loading (ML: 1.2 × 106 cycles of 50 N, f = 1 Hz). Surviving samples additionally underwent a fracture force test. Kaplan-Meier plots were drawn, and two-way ANOVA was calculated taking anatomical localisation and material variables as factors. RESULTS The mean corresponding survival times were lower for T-M (0.86 × 106 ± 0.31 × 106 cycles) and Z-I (0.84 × 106 ± 0.21 × 106 cycles) compared to T-I (1.14 × 106 ± 0.10 × 106 cycles) and Z-M (1.20 × 106 ± 0.10 × 106 cycles). In one-way ANOVAs for survival time dependent on either location or material, no statistically significant differences could be found (location: p = .31; material: p = .62) in one-way ANOVAs. The interaction of location and material showed significant differences (F = 21.3, p < .001). CONCLUSION The connection of the tested screw-retained zirconia crowns in two-piece zirconia implants is comparable to standard titanium implants in the specific in vitro testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Joos
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel (UZB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irena Sailer
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Filippi
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel (UZB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Khaled Mukaddam
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel (UZB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Rosentritt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kühl
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel (UZB), Basel, Switzerland
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Cordeiro JM, Faverani LP, Grandini CR, Rangel EC, da Cruz NC, Nociti Junior FH, Almeida AB, Vicente FB, Morais BR, Barão VA, Assunção WG. Characterization of chemically treated Ti-Zr system alloys for dental implant application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:849-861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Siddiqui DA, Guida L, Sridhar S, Valderrama P, Wilson TG, Rodrigues DC. Evaluation of oral microbial corrosion on the surface degradation of dental implant materials. J Periodontol 2018; 90:72-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danyal A. Siddiqui
- Department of Bioengineering; The University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson TX
| | - Lidia Guida
- Department of Bioengineering; The University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson TX
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Sikora CL, Alfaro MF, Yuan JCC, Barao VA, Sukotjo C, Mathew MT. Wear and Corrosion Interactions at the Titanium/Zirconia Interface: Dental Implant Application. J Prosthodont 2018. [PMID: 29521461 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dental implants have been shown to have predictable success, but esthetic complications often arise. To reduce tissue shadowing from titanium, zirconia abutments may be used; however, the literature suggests that the use of zirconia leads to greater destruction of the implant interface that may result in biological complications such as titanium tattoos and heavy metal toxicity. Previous studies have examined the mechanical aspects of this implant/abutment relationship, but they have not accounted for the corrosive degradation that also takes place in the dynamic environment of the oral cavity. This study investigated the combined effect of both wear and corrosion on the materials at the implant and abutment interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a simulated oral tribocorrosive environment, titanium (Ti) and zirconia (Zr) abutment materials were slid against titanium and Roxolid implant alloys. The four couplings (Ti/Ti, Ti/Rox, Zr/Ti, Zr/Rox) were selected for the tribocorrosion tests (N = 3). The testing was conducted for 25K cycles, and the coefficient of friction (CoF) and voltage evolution were recorded simultaneously. Following the tribocorrosion assays, the wear volume loss was calculated, and surface characterization was performed. Statistical analysis was completed using a one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Bonferroni comparisons. RESULTS Zr/Ti groups had the highest CoF (1.1647), and Ti/Ti had the lowest (0.5033). The Zr/Ti coupling generated significantly more mechanical damage than the Ti/Ti group (p = 0.021). From the corrosion aspect, the Ti/Ti groups had the highest voltage drop (0.802 V), indicating greater corrosion susceptibility. In comparison, the Zr/Roxolid group had the lowest voltage drop (0.628 V) and significantly less electrochemical degradation (p = 0.019). Overall, the Ti/Ti group had the largest wear volume loss (15.1 × 107 μm3 ), while the Zr/Ti group had the least volume loss (2.26 × 107 μm3 ). Both zirconia couplings had significantly less wear volume than the titanium couplings (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the synergistic interaction between wear and corrosion, which occurs when masticatory forces combine with the salivary environment of the oral cavity. Overall, the zirconia groups outperformed the titanium groups. In fact, the titanium groups generated 5 to 6 times more wear to the implant alloys as compared with the zirconia counterparts. The best performing group was Zr/Ti, and the worst performing group was Ti/Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig L Sikora
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Maria F Alfaro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Judy Chia-Chun Yuan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Valentim A Barao
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Mathew T Mathew
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL
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Mechanical Characterisation and Biomechanical and Biological Behaviours of Ti-Zr Binary-Alloy Dental Implants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2785863. [PMID: 29318142 PMCID: PMC5727844 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2785863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to characterise the mechanical properties of Ti-15Zr binary alloy dental implants and to describe their biomechanical behaviour as well as their osseointegration capacity compared with the conventional Ti-6Al-4V (TAV) alloy implants. The mechanical properties of Ti-15Zr binary alloy were characterised using Roxolid© implants (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) via ultrasound. Their biomechanical behaviour was described via finite element analysis. Their osseointegration capacity was compared via an in vivo study performed on 12 adult rabbits. Young's modulus of the Roxolid© implant was around 103 GPa, and the Poisson coefficient was around 0.33. There were no significant differences in terms of Von Mises stress values at the implant and bone level between both alloys. Regarding deformation, the highest value was observed for Ti-15Zr implant, and the lowest value was observed for the cortical bone surrounding TAV implant, with no deformation differences at the bone level between both alloys. Histological analysis of the implants inserted in rabbits demonstrated higher BIC percentage for Ti-15Zr implants at 3 and 6 weeks. Ti-15Zr alloy showed elastic properties and biomechanical behaviours similar to TAV alloy, although Ti-15Zr implant had a greater BIC percentage after 3 and 6 weeks of osseointegration.
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Iegami CM, Uehara PN, Sesma N, Pannuti CM, Tortamano Neto P, Mukai MK. Survival rate of titanium-zirconium narrow diameter dental implants versus commercially pure titanium narrow diameter dental implants: A systematic review. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2017; 19:1015-1022. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mayumi Iegami
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | | | - Newton Sesma
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Tortamano Neto
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | - Márcio Katsuyoshi Mukai
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo; Brazil
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Ti-SLActive and TiZr-SLActive Dental Implant Surfaces Promote Fast Osteoblast Differentiation. COATINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings7070102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Biological and Mechanical Effects of Micro-Nanostructured Titanium Surface on an Osteoblastic Cell Line In vitro and Osteointegration In vivo. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:280-292. [PMID: 28321783 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid micro-nanostructure implant surface was produced on titanium (Ti) surface by acid etching and anodic oxidation to improve the biological and mechanical properties. The biological properties of the micro-nanostructure were investigated by simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking test and MC3T3-E1 cell co-culture experiment. The cell proliferation, spreading, and bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression were examined by MTT, SEM, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. In addition, the mechanical properties were evaluated by instrumented nanoindentation test and friction-wear test. Furthermore, the effect of the micro-nanostructure surface on implant osteointegration was examined by in vivo experiment. The results showed that the formation of bone-like apatite was accelerated on the micro-nanostructured Ti surface after immersion in simulated body fluid, and the proliferation, spreading, and BSP gene expression of the MC3T3-E1 cells were also upregulated on the modified surface. The micro-nanostructured Ti surface displayed decreased friction coefficient, stiffness value, and Young's modulus which were much closer to those of the cortical bone, compared to the polished Ti surface. This suggested much better mechanical match to the surrounding bone tissue of the micro-nanostructured Ti surface. Furthermore, the in vivo animal experiment showed that after implantation in the rat femora, the micro-nanostructure surface displayed higher bonding strength between bone tissues and implant; hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining suggested that much compact osteoid tissue was observed at the interface of Micro-nano-Ti-bone than polished Ti-bone interface after implantation. Based on these results mentioned above, it was concluded that the improved biological and mechanical properties of the micro-nanostructure endowed Ti surface with good biocompatibility and better osteointegration, implying the enlarged application of the micro-nanostructure surface Ti implants in future.
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Is there scientific evidence favoring the substitution of commercially pure titanium with titanium alloys for the manufacture of dental implants? MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:1201-1215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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