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Tian J, Wang X, Li Q, Zhang L, Ai J, Feng G, Zeng Y, Wang R, Xie Z. Clinical epidemiology of adenovirus pneumonia among Chinese hospitalized children. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:135. [PMID: 38436806 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Adenovirus pneumonia is a prevalent form of community-acquired pneumonia among children. Research on the epidemiology and economic burden of this disease is crucial for public health, yet comprehensive data remains scarce, making it crucial to highlight on this topic. In this study, the data were extracted from the face sheet of discharge medical records collected from 26 tertiary children's hospitals from January 2016 to December 2021. In total, 1854 children with laboratory-confirmed adenovirus pneumonia were hospitalized, accounting for 0.13% of the total number of hospitalized for pneumonia in the database during the period. In addition, this figure represents a meager 0.027% when compared to the total number of hospitalized children. The male-to-female ratio was 1.78:1. The 1-3-year age group had the highest number of inpatients for adenoviral pneumonia and the largest proportion of the total hospitalizations in the same age group. Overall, winter is the primary season for the prevalence of adenovirus pneumonia, however, in southern China, there are two peak seasons, winter and summer. Although patients with 3/4 adenovirus pneumonia had no significant complications, some patients had complications such as respiratory failure, diarrhea, and myocardial damage. The median length of stay of adenovirus pneumonia was 8 d [interquartile range (IQR) 6-11], and the median hospitalization cost was 1293.83 United States dollars (IQR 811.81-2472.51). These valuable epidemiological insights into adenovirus pneumonia in Chinese children can help direct the development of targeted prevention and control strategies and surveillance measures for HAdV infections in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nan Li Shi Rd 56#, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Big Data Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nan Li Shi Rd 56#, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nan Li Shi Rd 56#, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Ai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nan Li Shi Rd 56#, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshuang Feng
- Big Data Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yueping Zeng
- Medical Record Management Office, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nan Li Shi Rd 56#, Beijing, 100045, China.
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nan Li Shi Rd 56#, Beijing, 100045, China.
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Nguyen DD, Phung LT, Thanh Tran HT, Ly HTT, Vo AHM, Dinh NP, Doan PM, Nguyen AT, Dang LD, Doan TT, Pham KT, Pham HL, Hoang DX, Pham TN, Tran BT, Tran TTT, Le HTM, Pham AN, Antoniou A, Ho NT. Molecular subtypes of Adenovirus-associated acute respiratory infection outbreak in children in Northern Vietnam and risk factors of more severe cases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011311. [PMID: 37934746 PMCID: PMC10655982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under the pressure of Human Adenovirus (HAdV)-associated acute respiratory infection (ARI) outbreak in children in Northern Vietnam in the end of 2022, this study was initiated to identify the HAdV subtype(s) and examine the associated clinical features and risk factors of more severe cases. METHODS This study evaluated pediatric patients with ARI which had tested positive for HAdV between October and November 2022 using a multiplex real-time PCR panel. Nasopharyngeal aspirates or nasal swab samples were used for sequencing to identify HAdV subtypes. Clinical data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS Among 97 successfully sequenced samples, the predominant subtypes were HAdV-B3 (83%), HAdV-B7 (16%) and HAdV-C2 (1%). Lower respiratory manifestations were found in 25% of the patients of which 5% were diagnosed with severe pneumonia. There was no significant association between HAdV subtype and clinical features except higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts in those detected with HAdV-B3 (p<0.001). Co-detection of HAdV with ≥1 other respiratory viruses was found in 13/24(54%) of those with lower respiratory manifestations and 4/5(80%) of those with severe pneumonia (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) vs. those without = 10.74 (2.83, 48.17) and 19.44 (2.12, 492.73) respectively after adjusting for age, sex, birth delivery method, day of disease). CONCLUSION HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7 were predominant in the outbreak. Co-detection of HAdV together with other respiratory viruses was a strong risk factor for lower respiratory tract illnesses and severe pneumonia. The findings advocate the advantages of multi-factor microbial panels for the diagnosis and prognosis of ARI in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Dung Nguyen
- Medical Genetics Department, Vinmec High Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lan Tuyet Phung
- Pediatric Center, Vinmec Times City International General Hospital, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
- VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Thi Thanh Tran
- Medical Genetics Department, Vinmec High Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thi Thanh Ly
- Medical Genetics Department, Vinmec High Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Hang Mai Vo
- Medical Genetics Department, Vinmec High Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nhung Phuong Dinh
- Medical Genetics Department, Vinmec High Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Mai Doan
- Microbiology Lab, Laboratory Department, Vinmec Times City International General Hospital, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Thi Nguyen
- Microbiology Lab, Laboratory Department, Vinmec Times City International General Hospital, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Luc Danh Dang
- Microbiology Lab, Laboratory Department, Vinmec Times City International General Hospital, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thia Thi Doan
- Microbiology Lab, Laboratory Department, Vinmec Times City International General Hospital, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khuong Thi Pham
- Pediatric Center, Vinmec Times City International General Hospital, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Lan Pham
- Pediatric Center, Vinmec Times City International General Hospital, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dai Xuan Hoang
- Pediatric Center, Vinmec Times City International General Hospital, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Huong Thi Minh Le
- Pediatric Center, Vinmec Times City International General Hospital, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - An Nhat Pham
- Pediatric Center, Vinmec Times City International General Hospital, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Antony Antoniou
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nhan Thi Ho
- Research & Development Department, Vinmec High Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Pan D, Zheng J, Chen Q, Zeng LE, Lin C, You Y, Lin J. Clinical Characteristics and Genotyping of Pediatric Adenovirus Pneumonia Disease and Coinfection in Southeast China. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:306-316. [PMID: 37768330 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common pathogen that can cause acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children. Adenovirus pneumonia is the most severe respiratory disease associated with HAdV. Objective: We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of children hospitalized with adenovirus pneumonia in Quanzhou, China, in 2019. We also sought to determine the viral genotype in these cases and explore cases associated with severe adenovirus pneumonia. Methods: We collected oropharyngeal swabs from 99 children who were hospitalized with pneumonia in Quanzhou Women and Children's Hospital, these samples were tested for the presence of HAdV. Genotyping of the viruses was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze risk factors related to severe adenovirus pneumonia. The epidemiological data were examined using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS). Results: Among the 99 patients in our study, the median age was 21 months. We observed a 4% mortality rate among those diagnosed with adenovirus pneumonia. Adenovirus pneumonia often presents as a coinfection. Lactate dehydrogenase and neutrophil percentages of WBC's were significantly increased in patients with severe adenovirus pneumonia compared with mild HAdV disease. The predominant viral genotypes identified were type 3 and type 7. Conclusions: In the Quanzhou area of southeast China, the incidence of adenovirus pneumonia was found to be high among children younger than two years old. Type 7 HAdV was identified as the primary pathogen. A long duration of fever, dyspnea and digestive system complications were risk factors for severe adenovirus pneumonia after HAdV infection. Clinical Trial Registration number: ChiCTR2200062358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Pan
- Respiratory Deparment of Quanzhou Women and Chilidren's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jingyang Zheng
- Respiratory Deparment of Quanzhou Women and Chilidren's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qionghua Chen
- Respiratory Deparment of Quanzhou Women and Chilidren's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Li-E Zeng
- Respiratory Deparment of Quanzhou Women and Chilidren's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Lin
- Respiratory Deparment of Quanzhou Women and Chilidren's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuting You
- Respiratory Deparment of Quanzhou Women and Chilidren's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jieru Lin
- Respiratory Deparment of Quanzhou Women and Chilidren's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
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Fatal adenovirus pneumonia in a 15-day-old infant despite extracorporeal life support treatment: A case report. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2:15. [PMID: 36698502 PMCID: PMC9829201 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2022.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Infections are one of the most common causes of severe neonatal diseases and the leading cause of neonatal death. Although respiratory viral infections are widespread, they are still not recognized as the predominant causes of neonatal deaths. Adenovirus infection is uncommon during the neonatal period, and it frequently has a fatal outcome. Furthermore, it is difficult to distinguish from other common bacterial and respiratory viral infections. The present study reports the case of a 15-day-old newborn who presented with coagulation disorders and hypoxemia in September, 2020. Human adenovirus of species D-53 (HAdV-D53) was detected in the blood and sputum. Severe pneumonia rapidly progressed to multiple organ failure syndrome and the patient succumbed to the disease, despite receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
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Liu SH, Hawkins BS, Ng SM, Ren M, Leslie L, Han G, Kuo IC. Topical pharmacologic interventions versus placebo for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 3:CD013520. [PMID: 35238405 PMCID: PMC8892837 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013520.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses cause about 80% of all cases of acute conjunctivitis. Human adenoviruses are believed to account for 65% to 90% of cases of viral conjunctivitis, or 20% to 75% of all causes of infectious keratoconjunctivitis worldwide. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a highly contagious subset of adenoviral conjunctivitis that has been associated with large outbreaks at military installations and at medical facilities. It is accompanied by severe conjunctival inflammation, watery discharge, and light sensitivity, and can lead to chronic complications such as corneal and conjunctival scarring with discomfort and poor quality of vision. Due to a lack of consensus on the efficacy of any pharmacotherapy to alter the clinical course of EKC, no standard of care exists, therefore many clinicians offer only supportive care. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of topical pharmacological therapies versus placebo, an active control, or no treatment for adults with EKC. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register; 2021, Issue 4); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid Embase; Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences database (LILACS); ClinicalTrials.gov; and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), with no restrictions on language or year of publication. The date of the last search was 27 April 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials in which antiseptic agents, virustatic agents, or topical immune-modulating therapy was compared with placebo, an active control, or no treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methodology. MAIN RESULTS We identified 10 studies conducted in Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa with a total of 892 participants who were treated for 7 days to 6 months and followed for 7 days up to 1.5 years. Study characteristics and risk of bias In most studies participants were predominantly men (range: 44% to 90%), with an age range from 9 to 82 years. Three studies reported information on trial registration, but we found no published study protocol. The majority of trials had small sample sizes, ranging from 18 to 90 participants enrolled per study; the only exception was a trial that enrolled 350 participants. We judged most studies to be at high or unclear risk of bias across risk of bias domains. Findings We included 10 studies of 892 EKC participants and estimated combined intervention effects in analyses stratified by steroid-containing control treatment or artificial tears. Six trials contributed to the comparisons of topical interventions (povidone-iodine [PVP-I], trifluridine, ganciclovir, dexamethasone plus neomycin) with artificial tears (or saline). Very low certainty evidence from two trials comparing trifluridine or ganciclovir with artificial tears showed inconsistent effects on shortening the mean duration of cardinal symptoms or signs of EKC. Low certainty evidence based on two studies (409 participants) indicated that participants treated with PVP-I alone more often experienced resolution of symptoms (risk ratio (RR) 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07 to 1.24) and signs (RR 3.19, 95% CI 2.29 to 4.45) during the first week of treatment compared with those treated with artificial tears. Very low certainty evidence from two studies (77 participants) suggested that PVP-I or ganciclovir prevented the development of subepithelial infiltrates (SEI) when compared with artificial tears within 30 days of treatment (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.56). Four studies compared topical interventions (tacrolimus, cyclosporin A [CsA], trifluridine, PVP-I + dexamethasone) with topical steroids, and one trial compared fluorometholone (FML) plus polyvinyl alcohol iodine (PVA-I) with FML plus levofloxacin. Evidence from one trial showed that more eyes receiving PVP-I 1.0% plus dexamethasone 0.1% had symptoms resolved by day seven compared with those receiving dexamethasone alone (RR 9.00, 95% CI 1.23 to 66.05; 52 eyes). In two trials, fewer eyes treated with PVP-I or PVA-I plus steroid developed SEI within 15 days of treatment compared with steroid alone or steroid plus levofloxacin (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.55; 69 eyes). One study found that CsA was no more effective than steroid for resolving SEI within four weeks of treatment (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.06; N = 88). The evidence from trials comparing topical interventions with steroids was overall of very low level certainty. Adverse effects Antiviral or antimicrobial agents plus steroid did not differ from artificial tears in terms of ocular discomfort upon instillation (RR 9.23, 95% CI 0.61 to 140.67; N = 19). CsA and tacrolimus eye drops were associated with more cases of severe ocular discomfort, and sometimes intolerance, when compared with steroids (RR 4.64, 95% CI 1.15 to 18.71; 2 studies; N = 141). Compared with steroids, tacrolimus did not increase the risk of elevated intraocular pressure (RR 0.07, 95% CI 0 to 1.13; 1 study; N = 80), while trifluridine conferred no additional risk compared to tear substitute (RR 5.50, 95% CI 0.31 to 96.49; 1 study; N = 97). Overall, bacterial superinfection was rare (one in 23 CsA users) and not associated with use of the intervention steroid (RR 3.63, 95% CI 0.15 to 84.98; N = 51). The evidence for all estimates was of low or very low certainty. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence for the seven specified outcomes was of low or very low certainty due to imprecision and high risk of bias. The evidence that antiviral agents shorten the duration of symptoms or signs when compared with artificial tears was inconclusive. Low certainty evidence suggests that PVP-I alone resolves signs and symptoms by seven days relative to artificial tears. PVP-I or PVA-I, alone or with steroid, is associated with lower risks of SEI development than artificial tears or steroid (very low certainty evidence). The currently available evidence is insufficient to determine whether any of the evaluated interventions confers an advantage over steroids or artificial tears with respect to virus eradication or its spread to initially uninvolved fellow eyes. Future updates of this review should provide evidence of high-level certainty from trials with larger sample sizes, enrollment of participants with similar durations of signs and symptoms, and validated methods to assess short- and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hsun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Barbara S Hawkins
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sueko M Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark Ren
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Orthopedics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Louis Leslie
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Genie Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Irene C Kuo
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Zheng R, Li Y, Chen D, Su J, Han N, Chen H, Ning Z, Xiao M, Zhao M, Zhu B. Changes of Host Immunity Mediated by IFN-γ + CD8 + T Cells in Children with Adenovirus Pneumonia in Different Severity of Illness. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122384. [PMID: 34960654 PMCID: PMC8708941 DOI: 10.3390/v13122384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The host immunity of patients with adenovirus pneumonia in different severity of illness is unclear. This study compared the routine laboratory tests and the host immunity of human adenovirus (HAdV) patients with different severity of illness. A co-cultured cell model in vitro was established to verify the T cell response in vitro. Among 140 patients with confirmed HAdV of varying severity, the number of lymphocytes in the severe patients was significantly reduced to 1.91 × 109/L compared with the healthy control (3.92 × 109/L) and the mild patients (4.27 × 109/L). The levels of IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ in patients with adenovirus pneumonia were significantly elevated with the severity of the disease. Compared with the healthy control (20.82%) and the stable patients (33.96%), the percentage of CD8+ T cells that produced IFN-γ increased to 56.27% in the progressing patients. Adenovirus infection increased the percentage of CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells that produce IFN-γ in the co-culture system. The hyperfunction of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells might be related to the severity of adenovirus infection. The in vitro co-culture cell model could also provide a usable cellular model for subsequent experiments.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/genetics
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/immunology
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/pathology
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/virology
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/physiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/immunology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Male
- Patient Acuity
- Pneumonia, Viral/genetics
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
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Determination the binding ability of N-acetyl cysteine and its derivatives with SARS-COV-2 main protease using molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Huang Y, Wang C, Ma F, Guo Q, Yao L, Chen A, Luo X, Zheng L. Human adenoviruses in paediatric patients with respiratory tract infections in Beijing, China. Virol J 2021; 18:191. [PMID: 34556127 PMCID: PMC8460180 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenoviruse (HAdV) is a major pathogen of paediatric respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Mutation or recombination of HAdV genes may cause changes in its pathogenicity and transmission. We described the epidemiology and genotypic diversity of HAdV in hospitalized children with RTIs in Beijing, China. Methods Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from hospitalized children with RTIs from April 2018 to March 2019. HAdVs were detected by a quantitative real-time PCR, and the hexon gene was used for phylogenetic analysis. Results Among 1572 samples, 90 (5.72%) were HAdV-positive. The HAdV detection rate was highest in November and July. Among HAdV-positive children, 61.11% (55/90) were co-infected with other respiratory viruses, the most common of which were human respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus. The main diagnosis was bronchopneumonia, most patient have cough and fever. Children with a high viral load were more likely to have a high fever (P = 0.041) and elevated WBC count (P = 0.000). Of 55 HAdV-positive specimens, HAdV-B (63.64%), HAdV-C (27.27%), and HAdV-E (9.09%) were main epidemic species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that hexon sequences of three samples were on the same branch with the recombinant HAdV strain (CBJ113), which was circulating in Beijing since 2016. Conclusion The HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7 are the main epidemic strains in Beijing, and the recombinant HAdV-C strain CBJ113 has formed an epidemic trend. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-021-01661-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Fenlian Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Yao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Lishu Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China. .,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Yan Y, Jing S, Feng L, Zhang J, Zeng Z, Li M, Zhao S, Ou J, Lan W, Guan W, Wu X, Wu J, Seto D, Zhang Q. Construction and Characterization of a Novel Recombinant Attenuated and Replication-Deficient Candidate Human Adenovirus Type 3 Vaccine: "Adenovirus Vaccine Within an Adenovirus Vector". Virol Sin 2021; 36:354-364. [PMID: 32458297 PMCID: PMC7248191 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are highly contagious and result in large number of acute respiratory disease (ARD) cases with severe morbidity and mortality. Human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) is the most common type that causes ARD outbreaks in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. However, there is currently no vaccine approved for its general use. The hexon protein contains the main neutralizing epitopes, provoking strong and lasting immunogenicity. In this study, a novel recombinant and attenuated adenovirus vaccine candidate against HAdV-3 was constructed based on a commercially-available replication-defective HAdV-5 gene therapy and vaccine vector. The entire HAdV-3 hexon gene was integrated into the E1 region of the vector by homologous recombination using a bacterial system. The resultant recombinants expressing the HAdV-3 hexon protein were rescued in AD293 cells, identified and characterized by RT-PCR, Western blots, indirect immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. This potential vaccine candidate had a similar replicative efficacy as the wild-type HAdV-3 strain. However, and importantly, the vaccine strain had been rendered replication-defective and was incapable of replication in A549 cells after more than twenty-generation passages in AD293 cells. This represents a significant safety feature. The mice immunized both intranasally and intramuscularly by this vaccine candidate raised significant neutralizing antibodies against HAdV-3. Therefore, this recombinant, attenuated, and safe adenovirus vaccine is a promising HAdV-3 vaccine candidate. The strategy of using a clinically approved and replication-defective HAdV-5 vector provides a novel approach to develop universal adenovirus vaccine candidates against all the other types of adenoviruses causing ARDs and perhaps other adenovirus-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuping Jing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhiwei Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Min Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Junxian Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wendong Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenyi Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Donald Seto
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Onchonga D, Ngetich E, Makunda W, Wainaina P, Wangeshi D, viktoria P. Anxiety and depression due to 2019 SARS-CoV-2 among frontier healthcare workers in Kenya. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06351. [PMID: 33644428 PMCID: PMC7901492 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease continues to spread across the globe, causing anxiety and depression among healthcare workers. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to determine the levels of anxiety and depression due to the coronavirus pandemic among healthcare workers in Kenya. METHODS A total sample of 476 respondents participated. The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Patient-Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), together with a socio-demographic questionnaire, were applied. Stratified sampling was used. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package Programme for Social Science Version 23.0.0. Kruskal Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were employed to establish the differences in levels of anxiety and depression across socio-demographic characteristics. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to establish the predictors of levels of anxiety and depression, and associations were considered significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 35.1% (n = 167) of the participants had mild anxiety, and 13.4% (n = 64) severe anxiety. Approximately 53.6% (n = 255) had mild depression while 9.2% (n = 44) had severe depression. The univariate analysis illustrated a statistical difference in anxiety levels in gender (p > 0.027), years of work experience (p = 0.005), and the cadre of respondents (p = 0.0028). Gender was statistically significant with the level of depression (p = 0.045). About 62.6% (n = 298) of healthcare workers had been trained, and only 9% (n = 43) were confident in managing COVID-19 cases. A large proportion, 98% (n = 458) had concerns about the availability of personal protective equipment. CONCLUSION The study findings indicated that the majority of healthcare workers had mild anxiety and depression. Female healthcare workers were more likely to experience severe anxiety and depression. Also, levels of anxiety and depression differed across different cadres of healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Onchonga
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Enoch Ngetich
- School of Public health, Mount Kenya University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - Prémusz viktoria
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary
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Clinical Characteristics of 204 Children With Human Adenovirus Type 7 Pneumonia Identified by Whole Genome Sequencing in Liuzhou, China. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:91-95. [PMID: 33433157 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical knowledge of human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV-7) pneumonia in children remains limited. Moreover, predictors for disease severity are largely unknown. METHODS This is a retrospective study of children hospitalized at Liuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China, with HAdV-7 pneumonia in 2018-2019. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and imaging data were collected. HAdV-7 was identified in plasma using whole genome sequencing, which yielded quantitative HAdV-7 sequence numbers. RESULTS There were 204 children; 145 (71%) were <2 years of age. There were 68 children with severe pneumonia (SP) and 136 with nonsevere pneumonia (NSP). Up to 43% in SP group with respiratory failure (SP-RF) were <12 months of age. Median duration of fever before hospitalization was shorter in NSP group than SP groups (P < 0.01). Fourteen (6.9%) underwent mechanical ventilation. There was a significant difference in mean plasma HAdV-7 sequence numbers among SP-RF, SP without respiratory failure (SP-NRF), and NSP groups (2485 ± 165, 2034 ± 124, and 286 ± 35, respectively) (P < 0.01). In a logistic regression analysis, we found that elevated plasma HAdV-7 sequence numbers significantly increased the risk of severe HAdV-7 pneumonia (OR 1.80, 95% confidence interval: 1.59-2.60, P < 0.01) after adjusting for age, fever duration, platelet counts, and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels. CONCLUSIONS Over two-thirds of children hospitalized with HAdV-7 pneumonia were <2 years of age. Approximately 40% of those with SP associated with respiratory failure were <12 months of age. Those with SP exhibited higher plasma HAdV-7 sequence numbers. Thus, plasma HAdV-7 sequence numbers have a potential in predicting severity of HAdV-7 pneumonia in children.
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Probst V, Datyner EK, Haddadin Z, Rankin DA, Hamdan L, Rahman HK, Spieker A, Stewart LS, Guevara C, Yepsen E, Schmitz JE, Halasa NB. Human adenovirus species in children with acute respiratory illnesses. J Clin Virol 2021; 134:104716. [PMID: 33360858 PMCID: PMC8324062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenovirus (HAdV) species B, C, and E are commonly associated with acute respiratory illnesses (ARI). We sought to determine the association between HAdV species and ARI severity in children over one respiratory season at Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children with HAdV from a provider-ordered BioFire® FilmArray Respiratory Pathogen Panel 2.0 (RPP) from 05/2018-06/2019. Type-specific PCR assays for HAdV-B3, B7, B11, B14, B16, B21, HAdV-C1, C2, C5, C6, and HAdV-E4 were performed. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcome data were compared between HAdV species. RESULTS Of 4514 respiratory specimens collected, 2644 (59 %) had at least one pathogen detected by RPP, and 384 (15 %) were HAdV-positive; 342 (89 %) were available for research testing with 306 (89 %) specimens from unique symptomatic individuals; 237 (77 %) were positive for the following species: 104 (44 %) HAdV-B, 114 (48 %) HAdV-C, 9 (4%) HAdV-E, and 10 (4%) with co-detection between species. The majority with identified HAdV species were seen in the ED (62 %), and approximately one-third were hospitalized. Patients with HAdV-C were more likely to be younger, hospitalized, and have a higher frequency of seizures compared to HAdV-B. CONCLUSION HAdV-C and HAdV-B were the most common species detected, with differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes noted. Additional studies with larger sample sizes focusing on a high-risk pediatric population are necessary to determine if differences in illness severity across individual HAdV types exist to guide further type-specific HAdV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Probst
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Emily K Datyner
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zaid Haddadin
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Danielle A Rankin
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Epidemiology PhD Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lubna Hamdan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Herdi K Rahman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrew Spieker
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave #1100, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Laura S Stewart
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Claudia Guevara
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Erin Yepsen
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan E Schmitz
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Natasha B Halasa
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Panda S, Banik U, Adhikary AK. Bioinformatics analysis reveals four major hexon variants of human adenovirus type-3 (HAdV-3) as the potential strains for development of vaccine and siRNA-based therapeutics against HAdV-3 respiratory infections. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104439. [PMID: 32585339 PMCID: PMC7308778 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) encompasses 15-87% of all adenoviral respiratory infections. The significant morbidity and mortality, especially among the neonates and immunosuppressed patients, demand the need for a vaccine or a targeted antiviral against this type. However, due to the existence of multiple hexon variants (3Hv-1 to 3Hv-25), the selection of vaccine strains of HAdV-3 is challenging. This study was designed to evaluate HAdV-3 hexon variants for the selection of potential vaccine candidates and the use of hexon gene as a target for designing siRNA that can be used as a therapy. Based on the data of worldwide distribution, duration of circulation, co-circulation and their percentage among all the variants, 3Hv-1 to 3Hv-4 were categorized as the major hexon variants. Phylogenetic analysis and the percentage of homology in the hypervariable regions followed by multi-sequence alignment, zPicture analysis and restriction enzyme analysis were carried out. In the phylogram, the variants were arranged in different clusters. The HVR encoding regions of hexon of 3Hv-1 to 3Hv-4 showed 16 point mutations resulting in 12 amino acids substitutions. The homology in HVRs was 81.81-100%. Therefore, the major hexon variants are substantially different from each other which justifies their inclusion as the potential vaccine candidates. Interestingly, despite the significant differences in the DNA sequence, there were many conserved areas in the HVRs, and we have designed functional siRNAs form those locations. We have also designed immunogenic vaccine peptide epitopes from the hexon protein using bioinformatics prediction tool. We hope that our developed siRNAs and immunogenic vaccine peptide epitopes could be used in the future development of siRNA-based therapy and designing a vaccine against HAdV-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Panda
- Unit of Microbiology, AIMST University, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Bedong Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Urmila Banik
- Unit of Pathology, AIMST University, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Bedong Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Arun K. Adhikary
- Unit of Microbiology, AIMST University, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Bedong Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
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Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924 order by 1-- flls] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924 or 1=1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020. [PMID: 32081636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a large global outbreak and is a major public health issue. As of 11 February 2020, data from the World Health Organization (WHO) have shown that more than 43 000 confirmed cases have been identified in 28 countries/regions, with >99% of cases being detected in China. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. It is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact, and infection has been estimated to have mean incubation period of 6.4 days and a basic reproduction number of 2.24-3.58. Among patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus pneumonia or Wuhan pneumonia), fever was the most common symptom, followed by cough. Bilateral lung involvement with ground-glass opacity was the most common finding from computed tomography images of the chest. The one case of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the USA is responding well to remdesivir, which is now undergoing a clinical trial in China. Currently, controlling infection to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary intervention being used. However, public health authorities should keep monitoring the situation closely, as the more we can learn about this novel virus and its associated outbreak, the better we can respond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Shih
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924 and 6680 in (select (char(113)+char(98)+char(120)+char(122)+char(113)+(select (case when (6680=6680) then char(49) else char(48) end))+char(113)+char(122)+char(112)+char(106)+char(113)))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924 order by 1-- kiha] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924 and extractvalue(3277,concat(0x5c,0x7162787a71,(select (elt(3277=3277,1))),0x717a706a71))-- zswo] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924 and extractvalue(3277,concat(0x5c,0x7162787a71,(select (elt(3277=3277,1))),0x717a706a71))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020. [PMID: 32081636 DOI: 10.1016/2fj.ijantimicag.2020.105924,10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a large global outbreak and is a major public health issue. As of 11 February 2020, data from the World Health Organization (WHO) have shown that more than 43 000 confirmed cases have been identified in 28 countries/regions, with >99% of cases being detected in China. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. It is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact, and infection has been estimated to have mean incubation period of 6.4 days and a basic reproduction number of 2.24-3.58. Among patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus pneumonia or Wuhan pneumonia), fever was the most common symptom, followed by cough. Bilateral lung involvement with ground-glass opacity was the most common finding from computed tomography images of the chest. The one case of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the USA is responding well to remdesivir, which is now undergoing a clinical trial in China. Currently, controlling infection to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary intervention being used. However, public health authorities should keep monitoring the situation closely, as the more we can learn about this novel virus and its associated outbreak, the better we can respond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Shih
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55:105924. [PMID: 32081636 PMCID: PMC7127800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3020] [Impact Index Per Article: 755.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China has caused a large global outbreak and major public health issue. At 9 February 2020, data from the WHO has shown >37 000 confirmed cases in 28 countries (>99% of cases detected in China). 2019-nCoV is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact. Infection estimated to have an incubation period of 2–14 days and a basic reproduction number of 2.24–3.58. Controlling infection to prevent spread of the 2019-nCoV is the primary intervention being used.
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a large global outbreak and is a major public health issue. As of 11 February 2020, data from the World Health Organization (WHO) have shown that more than 43 000 confirmed cases have been identified in 28 countries/regions, with >99% of cases being detected in China. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. It is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact, and infection has been estimated to have mean incubation period of 6.4 days and a basic reproduction number of 2.24–3.58. Among patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus pneumonia or Wuhan pneumonia), fever was the most common symptom, followed by cough. Bilateral lung involvement with ground-glass opacity was the most common finding from computed tomography images of the chest. The one case of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the USA is responding well to remdesivir, which is now undergoing a clinical trial in China. Currently, controlling infection to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary intervention being used. However, public health authorities should keep monitoring the situation closely, as the more we can learn about this novel virus and its associated outbreak, the better we can respond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Shih
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Li WY, Huang SW, Wang SF, Liu HF, Chou CH, Wu SJ, Huang HD, Lu PL, Fann CSJ, Chen M, Chen YH, Chen YMA. Source identification of HIV-1 transmission in three lawsuits Using Ultra-Deep pyrosequencing and phylogenetic analysis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:596-605. [PMID: 32067946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Intentional transmission of HIV-1 is a crime. Identifying the source of transmission between HIV-1 infected cases using phylogenetic analysis has limitations, including delayed examinations after the initiation of infection and ambiguity of phyletic relationships. This study was the first to introduce phylogenetic tree Results as forensic evidence in a trial in Taiwan. METHODS Three lawsuit cases from different district courts in Taiwan were chosen for this study. We identified the source of transmission between individuals in each lawsuit based on the maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic tree analyses using the HIV-1 sequences from molecular cloning and ultra-deep pyrosequencing (UDPS). Two gene regions of the HIV genome, env and gag, were involved. RESULTS The results of phylogenetic analysis using sequences from molecular cloning were clear and evidential enough in lawsuits 1 and 3. Due to the delayed sampling time, the result of sequences from molecular cloning in lawsuit 2 was ambiguous. Combined with the analyzed result of sequences from UDPS and epidemiological information, the source of transmission in lawsuit 2 was further identified. CONCLUSION Hence phylogenetic analyses cannot exclude the possibility of unsampled intermediaries, the data interpretation should be more careful and conservative, and it should not be considered as the only evidence for the source identification in a trial without epidemiological or serological information. The evaluation of the introduced UDPS method in the identification of transmission source has shown that the validity and evidential effects were still limited and need further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-You Li
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wei Huang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fu Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chou
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jung Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cathy S J Fann
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marcelo Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Cosmetic Applications and Management, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics Program, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Kuo IC, Ren M, Leviste KD, Hawkins BS, Lindsley KB. Topical pharmacologic interventions versus placebo for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene C Kuo
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology; 4924 Campbell Blvd #100 Baltimore Maryland USA 21236
| | - Mark Ren
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Wilmer Eye Institute; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Katherine D Leviste
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute; 1638 NW 10th Avenue #822 Miami Florida USA 33136
| | - Barbara S Hawkins
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Wilmer Eye Institute; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Kristina B Lindsley
- IBM Watson Health; Life Sciences, Oncology, & Genomics; Baltimore Maryland USA
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