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Chen J, Yang J, Chu J, Chen KH, Alt J, Rais R, Qiu Z. The SWELL1 Channel Promotes Ischemic Brain Damage by Mediating Neuronal Swelling and Glutamate Toxicity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401085. [PMID: 39056405 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cytotoxic neuronal swelling and glutamate excitotoxicity are two hallmarks of ischemic stroke. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, it is reported that SWELL1, the essential subunit of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), plays a dual role in ischemic injury by promoting neuronal swelling and glutamate excitotoxicity. SWELL1 expression is upregulated in neurons and astrocytes after experimental stroke in mice. The neuronal SWELL1 channel is activated by intracellular hypertonicity, leading to Cl- influx-dependent cytotoxic neuronal swelling and subsequent cell death. Additionally, the SWELL1 channel in astrocytes mediates pathological glutamate release, indicated by increases in neuronal slow inward current frequency and tonic NMDAR current. Pharmacologically, targeting VRAC with a new inhibitor, an FDA-approved drug Dicumarol, attenuated cytotoxic neuronal swelling and cell death, reduced astrocytic glutamate release, and provided significant neuroprotection in mice when administered either before or after ischemia. Therefore, these findings uncover the pleiotropic effects of the SWELL1 channel in neurons and astrocytes in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and provide proof of concept for therapeutically targeting it in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Chen
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jiachen Chu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kevin Hong Chen
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhaozhu Qiu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Torices S, Moreno T, Ramaswamy S, Naranjo O, Teglas T, Osborne OM, Park M, Sun E, Toborek M. MITOCHONDRIAL ANTIVIRAL PATHWAYS CONTROL ANTI-HIV RESPONSES AND ISCHEMIC STROKE OUTCOMES VIA THE RIG-1 SIGNALING AND INNATE IMMUNITY MECHANISMS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.07.598027. [PMID: 38895303 PMCID: PMC11185786 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.07.598027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Occludin (ocln) is one of the main regulatory cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Ocln silencing resulted in alterations of the gene expression signatures of a variety of genes of the innate immunity system, including IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and the antiviral retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-1) signaling pathway, which functions as a regulator of the cytoplasmic sensors upstream of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). Indeed, we observed dysfunctional mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, and autophagy in our system. Alterations of mitochondrial bioenergetics and innate immune protection translated into worsened ischemic stroke outcomes in EcoHIV-infected ocln deficient mice. Overall, these results allow for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of viral infection in the brain and describe a previously unrecognized role of ocln as a key factor in the control of innate immune responses and mitochondrial dynamics, which affect cerebral vascular diseases such as ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torices
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL
| | - Thaidy Moreno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sita Ramaswamy
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL
| | - Oandy Naranjo
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL
| | - Timea Teglas
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL
| | - Olivia M. Osborne
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL
| | - Minseon Park
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL
| | - Enze Sun
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL
| | - Michal Toborek
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL
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Ghazaly MM, Lee GE, Shaipulah NFM, Ibrahim YS, Mohammed A. Marine polychaete Namalycastis sp. extracts enhance proliferation and regeneration of mice 3T3 fibroblast and MCR-5 human fibroblast cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103883. [PMID: 38125737 PMCID: PMC10730865 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nereidid worm is a marine polychaete commonly found near the Nipa palm (Nypa fructicans) along the mangrove estuary. Recently, many usages have been documented for this polychaete family. Nevertheless, the true potentials of these marine worms, especially Namalycastis sp., from the medical perspective are still unknown. The current study investigated the cytotoxicity effect of Namalycastis sp. crude extracts on mice 3T3 fibroblast cells and human lung MRC-5 fibroblast cells. Thirteen concentrations (2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 63 µg/mL and 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 mg/mL) of the extracts were used as a treatment for 24 h, and cell viability was measured via the MTT assay. None of the 13 concentrations of Namalycastis sp. crude extracts showed cytotoxicity effects on the cell types investigated. However, based on the live images captured by the IncuCyte™ imaging system, the cells treated with Namalycastis sp. crude extracts showed an increased proliferation and growth rate in less than 10 h Furthermore, the extract concentration of 8 µg/mL induced the highest cell proliferation rate whereas 8 mg/mL led to the lowest cell proliferation rate following the treatment. Overall, Namalycastis sp. crude extracts were non-toxic on mice and human cells within the tested concentrations set. Still, it increased cell viability and proliferation compared with the control. This finding could pave the way for an alternative therapeutic strategy to treat debilitating disorders such as ageing, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziah M. Ghazaly
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Gaik Ee Lee
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Fariza M. Shaipulah
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yusof S. Ibrahim
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Arifullah Mohammed
- Department of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Xu SY, Song MM, Pan X, Song SN, Zhang Q, Li CX. Rectangular method: a modified technique for sampling the ischemic border zone in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e13140. [PMID: 38088675 PMCID: PMC10712280 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, there have been three common methods for sampling the cerebral ischemic border zone in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO): the "two o'clock method", the "diagonal method", and the "parallel line method". However, these methods have their own advantages and limitations. Here, we propose a modified technique (the "rectangular method") for sampling the ischemic border zone. A rat tMCAO model was prepared under the support of a compact small animal anesthesia machine. Cerebral blood flow was monitored by high-resolution laser Doppler to control the quality of modeling, and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used for cerebral infarction location assessment. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (caspase)-3, caspase-9, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were used to verify the reliability and reproducibility of the rectangular method. The expression of biomarkers (SOD2, caspase-3, caspase-9, and HSP70) in the traditional (two o'clock method after TTC staining) and modified (rectangular method) groups were increased. There were no significant differences between the groups. The rectangular method proposed herein is based on a modification of the diagonal method and parallel line method, which could provide a directly observable infarct borderline and a sufficient sampling area for subsequent experimental operations regardless of the cerebral infarct location. The assessed biomarkers (SOD2, caspase-3, caspase-9, and HSP70) demonstrated the reliability and reproducibility of the rectangular method, which may facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-yi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Mao-mei Song
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shi-na Song
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chang-xin Li
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Luo Y, Xia Y, Zhang H, Lin Y, He L, Gong T, Zhang Z, Deng L. Human Serum Albumin-enriched Clopidogrel Bisulfate Nanoparticle Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1821-1833. [PMID: 37291463 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a leading cause of mobility and mortality among patients with ischemic stroke. This study aims to develop a human serum albumin (HSA)-enriched nanoparticle platform for solubilizing clopidogrel bisulfate (CLP) for intravenous administration, and to explore the protective effect of HSA-enriched nanoparticles loaded with CLP (CLP-ANPs) against cerebral I/R injury in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. METHODS CLP-ANPs were synthesized via a modified nanoparticle albumin-bound technology, lyophilized, and then characterized by morphology, particle size, zeta potential, drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, stability and in vitro release kinetics. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies were conducted using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Also, an MCAO rat model was established to explore the therapeutic effect of CLP-ANPs on cerebral I/R injury. RESULTS CLP-ANPs remained spherical particles with a layer of proteins forming protein corona. Lyophilized CLP-ANPs after dispersion displayed an average size of about 235.6 ± 6.6 nm (PDI = 0.16 ± 0.08) with a zeta potential of about - 13.5 ± 1.8 mV. CLP-ANPs achieved sustained release for up to 168 h in vitro. Next, a single injection of CLP-ANPs dose-dependently reversed the histopathological changes induced by cerebral I/R injury possibly via attenuating apoptosis and reducing oxidative damages in the brain tissues. CONCLUSIONS CLP-ANPs represent a promising and translatable platform system for the management of cerebral I/R injury during ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yunli Xia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yunzhu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lili He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Yan F, Wang P, Yang X, Wang F. Long non-coding RNA HOXA11-AS regulates ischemic neuronal death by targeting miR-337-3p/YBX1 signaling pathway: protective effect of dexmedetomidine. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2797-2811. [PMID: 37059588 PMCID: PMC10120896 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a common neurological disease. Homeobox A11 antisense RNA (HOXA11-AS), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), has been demonstrated as an important regulator in diverse human cancers. However, its function and regulatory mechanism in ischemic stroke remains largely unknown. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) have received wide attraction because of its neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to explore the possible link between Dex and HOXA11-AS in protecting neuronal cells from by ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis. We used oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MACO) mouse model to test the link. We found that Dex significantly alleviated OGD/R-induced DNA fragmentation, cell viability and apoptosis, and rescued the decreased HOXA11-AS expression after ischemic damage in Neuro-2a cells. Gain-/loss-of-function studies revealed that HOXA11-AS promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells exposed to OGD/R. Knockdown of HOXA11-AS decreased the protective effect of Dex on OGD/R cells. HOXA11-AS was found to transcriptionally regulate microRNA-337-3p (miR-337-3p) expression as evidenced by luciferase reporter assay, while miR-337-3p expression was upregulated following ischemia in vitro and in vivo. Besides, knockdown of miR-337-3p protected OGD/R-induced apoptotic death of Neuro-2a cells. Furthermore, HOXA11-AS functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and competed with Y box protein 1 (Ybx1) mRNA for directly binding to miR-337-3p, which protected ischemic neuronal death. Dex treatment protected against ischemic damage and improved overall neurological functions in vivo. Our data suggest a novel mechanism of Dex neuroprotection for ischemic stroke through regulating lncRNA HOXA11-AS by targeting the miR-337-3p/Ybx1 signaling pathway, which might help develop new strategies for the therapeutic interventions in cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710115, China
| | - Pinxiao Wang
- Department of Urology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710000, China
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Hayes CA, Morgan NI, Thomas KC, Pushie MJ, Vijayasankar A, Ashmore BG, Wontor K, De Leon MA, Ashpole NM. Neuronal and Astrocyte Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Signaling Differentially Modulates Ischemic Stroke Damage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.02.535245. [PMID: 37034764 PMCID: PMC10081310 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.02.535245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, as therapeutic options for mitigating the long-term deficits precipitated by the event remain limited. Acute administration of the neuroendocrine modulator insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) attenuates ischemic stroke damage in preclinical models, and clinical studies suggest IGF-1 can reduce the risk of stroke and improve overall outcomes. The cellular mechanism by which IGF-1 exerts this protection is poorly defined, as all cells within the neurovascular unit express the IGF-1 receptor. We hypothesize that the functional regulation of both neurons and astrocytes by IGF-1 is critical in minimizing damage in ischemic stroke. To test this, we utilized inducible astrocyte-specific or neuron-specific transgenic mouse models to selectively reduce IGF-1R in the adult mouse brain prior to photothrombotic stroke. Acute changes in blood brain barrier permeability, microglial activation, systemic inflammation, and biochemical composition of the brain were assessed 3 hours following photothrombosis, and significant protection was observed in mice deficient in neuronal and astrocytic IGF-1R. When the extent of tissue damage and sensorimotor dysfunction was assessed for 3 days following stroke, only the neurological deficit score continued to show improvements, and the extent of improvement was enhanced with additional IGF-1 supplementation. Overall, results indicate that neuronal and astrocytic IGF-1 signaling influences stroke damage but IGF-1 signaling within these individual cell types is not required for minimizing tissue damage or behavioral outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cellas A. Hayes
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
| | - Nyah I. Morgan
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
| | - Kamryn C. Thomas
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
| | - M. Jake. Pushie
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Akshaya Vijayasankar
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
| | - Brandon G. Ashmore
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
| | - Kendall Wontor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Miguel A. De Leon
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
| | - Nicole M. Ashpole
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
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Ge X, Xu X, Cai Q, Xiong H, Chen X, Hong Y, Gao X, Yao Y, Bachoo R, Qin Z. pan-ECM: live brain extracellular matrix imaging with protein-reactive dye. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.29.534827. [PMID: 37034592 PMCID: PMC10081250 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.29.534827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The brain extracellular matrix (ECM), consisting of proteins and glycosaminoglycans, is a critical scaffold in the development, homeostasis, and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and undergoes remodeling in response to environmental cues. Live imaging of brain ECM structure represents a native view of the brain ECM but, until now, remains challenging due to the lack of a robust fluorescent labeling approach. Here, we developed a pan-ECM method for labeling the entire (Greek: pan) brain ECM network by screening and delivering a protein-reactive dye into the brain. pan-ECM enables imaging of ECM compartments in live brain tissue, including the interstitial matrix, basement membrane (BM), and perineuronal nets (PNNs), and even the ECM in glioblastoma and stroke mouse brains. This approach provides access to the structure and dynamics of the ECM and enhances our understanding of the complexities of the brain ECM and its contribution to brain health and disease.
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Tani A, Sakakima H, Otsuka S, Mizuno K, Nakanishi K, Norimatsu K, Takada S, Matsuoka T, Matsuzaki R, Nakakogawa T, Maruyama I. Stimulation of functional recovery via neurorepair mechanisms by the traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, Ninjin'yoeito, and physical exercise in a rat ischemic stroke model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115927. [PMID: 36402237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ninjin'yoeito (NYT), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine consisting of 12 herbs, has been reported to improve cognitive dysfunction, depression, and neurological recovery in patients with neurovascular diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Several studies have reported that the NYT components exert neurotrophic, neurogenic, and neuroprotective effects. In addition, exercise enhances neuroprotection and functional recovery after stroke. Rehabilitative exercises and pharmacological agents induce neurophysiological plasticity, leading to functional recovery in stroke patients. These reports indicate that NYT treatment and exercise may promote functional recovery following stroke through their beneficial effects. However, no study has determined the effects of NYT and the possible mechanisms of neurorepair and functional recovery after stroke. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of NYT and exercise on neuroprotection and functional recovery and the underlying mechanisms in a rat ischemic stroke model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stroke was induced with 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. After stroke, the rats were assigned to four groups: ischemia reperfusion (IR), NYT, exercise (Ex), and NYT + Ex. NYT-treated rats were fed a diet containing 1% NYT one day after stroke. Exercise was performed using a motorized treadmill for 5 days a week (8-15 m/min, 20 min/day), starting 3 days after stroke. The NYT treatment and exercise were continued for 4 weeks after the stroke. Infarct volume, neurological deficits, sensorimotor functions, expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) and B (TrkB), caspase-3 activity, and the p-Akt/Akt ratio were examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS Compared to the IR group, all treated groups indicated reduced infarct volumes. The NYT + Ex group showed significantly improved waking time and beam walking score compared with the IR group. The expression of NGF/TrkA/p-TrkA and BDNF/TrkB was significantly increased in the NYT + Ex group compared with those in the IR group, whereas the number of caspase-3 positive cells around the lesion was significantly lower in the NYT + Ex group than in the IR group. In addition, the ratio of p-Akt/Akt was significantly higher in the NYT + Ex group than in the IR group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that NYT in combination with exercise provides neuroprotective effects and improves sensorimotor function by stimulating NGF/TrkA and BDNF/TrkB, and by activating the Akt pathway in ischemic stroke of rats. NYT may be an effective adjunctive agent in post-stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tani
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Otsuka
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Keita Mizuno
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Kosuke Norimatsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Seiya Takada
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Teruki Matsuoka
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Ryoma Matsuzaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakakogawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University, Japan
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Liu H, An N, Wang L, Li Y, Song K, Sun Y, Gao Y. Protective effect of Xingnaojing injection on ferroptosis after cerebral ischemia injury in MCAO rats and SH-SY5Y cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115836. [PMID: 36252877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xingnaojing(XNJ)injection is a traditional Chinese medicine injection with neuroprotective effect, which has been widely used in the treatment of stroke for many years. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of XNJ in cerebral ischemia mediated by ferroptosis using proteomics and in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS After the rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was successfully established, they were randomly divided into model, XNJ, and deferoxamine (DFO) group. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and Nissl staining were used to observe the infarct area, pathological changes and the degree of neuronal apoptosis of rat brain. Proteins extracted from rat brain tissues were analyzed by quantitative proteomics using tandem mass tags (TMT). Western blotting and immunohistochemical assessment were used to measure the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins. In vitro, the SH-SY5Y cells were subjected to hypoxia (37°C/5% CO2/1% O2) for 24 h to observe the survival rate, and detect the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and ferroptosis-related proteins. RESULTS In TTC and H&E experiments, we found that XNJ drug treatment reduced the infarct volume and brain tissue damage in MCAO rats. Nissl staining also showed that compared with MCAO group rats, the Nissl bodies of brain tissue after XNJ drug intervention were clear with a 3.54-fold increased times, suggesting that XNJ improved cerebral infraction, and neurological deficits in MCAO rats. Proteomics identified 101 intersected differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). According to the bioinformatics analysis, these DEPs were closely related to ferroptosis. Further research indicated that MCAO-induced cerebral ischemia was alleviated by upregulating recombinant glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferroportin (FPN) expression, Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and downregulating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transferring receptor (TFR) and divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) expression after XNJ treatment. In addition, in vitro experiment indicated that XNJ improved the survival rate of hypoxia-damaged SH-SY5Y cells. XNJ increased the level of GPX4 and inhibited the protein expression of COX-2 and TFR after cell hypoxia. Moreover, different concentrations of XNJ (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%) reduced the ROS content of hypoxic cells, suggesting that XNJ could inhibit hypoxia-induced cell damage by regulating the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins and decreasing the production of ROS. CONCLUSIONS XNJ could promote the recovery of neurological function in MCAO rats and hypoxia SH-SY5Y cells by regulating ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Na An
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Liqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Baotou Mongolian Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Inner Mongolia Municipality, Baotou, 014040, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ke Song
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yikun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yonghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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11
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Wakao S, Oguma Y, Kushida Y, Kuroda Y, Tatsumi K, Dezawa M. Phagocytosing differentiated cell-fragments is a novel mechanism for controlling somatic stem cell differentiation within a short time frame. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:542. [PMID: 36203068 PMCID: PMC9537123 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells undergo cytokine-driven differentiation, but this process often takes longer than several weeks to complete. A novel mechanism for somatic stem cell differentiation via phagocytosing ‘model cells’ (apoptotic differentiated cells) was found to require only a short time frame. Pluripotent-like Muse cells, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and neural stem cells (NSCs) phagocytosed apoptotic differentiated cells via different phagocytic receptor subsets than macrophages. The phagocytosed-differentiated cell-derived contents (e.g., transcription factors) were quickly released into the cytoplasm, translocated into the nucleus, and bound to promoter regions of the stem cell genomes. Within 24 ~ 36 h, the cells expressed lineage-specific markers corresponding to the phagocytosed-differentiated cells, both in vitro and in vivo. At 1 week, the gene expression profiles were similar to those of the authentic differentiated cells and expressed functional markers. Differentiation was limited to the inherent potential of each cell line: triploblastic-, adipogenic-/chondrogenic-, and neural-lineages in Muse cells, MSCs, and NSCs, respectively. Disruption of phagocytosis, either by phagocytic receptor inhibition via small interfering RNA or annexin V treatment, impeded differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings uncovered a simple mechanism by which differentiation-directing factors are directly transferred to somatic stem cells by phagocytosing apoptotic differentiated cells to trigger their rapid differentiation into the target cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Wakao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yo Oguma
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kushida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kuroda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tatsumi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Regenerative Medicine Division, Analytical Research Department, Technology Development Unit, Life Science Institute, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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12
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Seong D, Yi S, Han S, Lee J, Park S, Hwang YH, Kim J, Kim HK, Jeon M. Target ischemic stroke model creation method using photoacoustic microscopy with simultaneous vessel monitoring and dynamic photothrombosis induction. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 27:100376. [PMID: 35734368 PMCID: PMC9207728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ischemic stroke animal model evaluates the efficacy of reperfusion and neuroprotective strategies for ischemic injuries. Various conventional methods have been reported to induce the ischemic models; however, controlling specific neurological deficits, mortality rates, and the extent of the infarction is difficult as the size of the affected region is not precisely controlled. In this paper, we report a single laser-based localized target ischemic stroke model development method by simultaneous vessel monitoring and photothrombosis induction using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), which has minimized the infarct size at precise location with high reproducibility. The proposed method has significantly reduced the infarcted region by illuminating the precise localization. The reproducibility and validity of suggested method have been demonstrated through repeated experiments and histological analyses. These results demonstrate that our method can provide the ischemic stroke model closest to the clinical pathology for brain ischemia research from inducement, occurrence mechanisms to the recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewoon Seong
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Yi
- Bio-Medical Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyeob Han
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyul Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sungjo Park
- Pohang Innotown Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ha Hwang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyun Kim
- Bio-Medical Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea
| | - Mansik Jeon
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
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13
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Zeng Y, Zhang W, Xue T, Zhang D, Lv M, Jiang Y. Sphk1-induced autophagy in microglia promotes neuronal injury following cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4287-4303. [PMID: 35766986 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microglial hyperactivation mediated by sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine-1-phosphate (SphK1/S1P) signalling and the consequent inflammatory mediator production serve as the key drivers of cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Although SphK1 reportedly controls autophagy and microglial activation, it remains uncertain as to whether SphK1 is similarly capable of regulating damage mediated by CIRI-activated microglia. In the current study, we adopted both in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation reperfusion (OGDR) models and in vivo rat models of focal CIRI to ascertain this possibility. It was found that CIRI upregulated SphK1 and induced autophagy in microglia, while inhibiting these changes significantly impaired to prevented neuronal apoptosis. Results of mechanistic investigation revealed that SphK1 promoted autophagy via the tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2) pathway. Altogether, our findings unfolded to reveal a novel mechanism, whereby SphK1-induced autophagy in microglia contributed to the pathogenesis of CIRI, potentially highlighting novel avenues for future therapeutic intervention in ischaemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tengteng Xue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Department of New Media and Arts, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Manhua Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongjia Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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14
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Alshememry AK, Yang JLJ, Armstrong EA, Yager JY, Unsworth LD. Bacteriophage carriers localize in the brain of a rat model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Biotechnol J 2021; 17:e2100226. [PMID: 34882965 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy arises from a reduction of oxygen and blood supply to the infant brain and can lead to severe brain damage and life-long disability. The damage is greatest at the irreversibly injured necrotic core, whereas the penumbra is the surrounding, potentially salvageable tissue populated with a mix of alive and dying cells. To date, there exists no method for targeting drugs to the brain damage. METHODS AND MAJOR RESULTS Bacteriophages are viruses that propagate in bacteria but are biocompatible in humans and also amenable to genetic and chemical modification in a manner distinctive from conventional therapeutic nanoparticles. Here, a library of M13 bacteriophage was administered into a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and unique bacteriophage clones were confirmed to localize in healthy brain tissue versus the core and penumbra zones of injury. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, there is a potential to directly deliver therapeutics to different regions of the neonatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah K Alshememry
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jung-Lynn Jonathan Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jerome Y Yager
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Larry D Unsworth
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Otsuka S, Sakakima H, Tani A, Nakanishi K, Takada S, Norimatsu K, Maejima H, Maruyama I. Effects of detraining on preconditioning exercise-induced neuroprotective potential after ischemic stroke in rats. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2169-2180. [PMID: 34114048 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Preconditioning exercise prior to stroke exerts neuroprotection, which is an endogenous strategy that leads the brain cells to express several intrinsic factors and inhibits their apoptosis. However, it is unclear how long these benefits last after exercise cessation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining on preconditioning exercise-induced neuroprotective potential after stroke. Rats were trained using a treadmill for aerobic exercise 5 days each week for 3 weeks, and their neuroprotective effects were examined until 3 weeks after exercise cessation. Stroke was induced by 60 min of left middle cerebral artery occlusion at 3 days, 1, 2, and 3 weeks after exercise cessation. Infarct volume, neurological deficits, sensorimotor function, expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and P2X7 receptors, and apoptosis activity were examined using immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. Preconditioning exercise significantly reduced infarct volume and ameliorated sensorimotor function after stroke, and its beneficial effects were observed until 2 weeks after exercise cessation. The expression level of BDNF in the ischemic brain was significantly upregulated at 3 days after exercise cessation; however, the expression levels of HIF-1α, GFAP, and P2X7 receptor were significantly increased until 2 weeks after exercise cessation; thereby, significant anti-apoptotic effects were lost at 3 weeks of detraining. Our findings suggest that preconditioning exercise-induced neuroprotective potential may be lost shortly after exercise cessation. Neuroprotection through intrinsic protective factors, such as BDNF and HIF-1α, may provide different neuroprotective mechanisms in a time-dependent manner during detraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Otsuka
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Akira Tani
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Seiya Takada
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kosuke Norimatsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maejima
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
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16
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Zhou D, Cen K, Liu W, Liu F, Liu R, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Chang J, Zhu L. Xuesaitong exerts long-term neuroprotection for stroke recovery by inhibiting the ROCKII pathway, in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 272:113943. [PMID: 33617967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xuesaitong (XST) is a traditional Chinese medicine injection with neuroprotective properties and has been extensively used to treat stroke for many years. The main component of XST is Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), which is the main extract of the Chinese herbal medicine Panax notoginseng. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated whether XST provided long-term neuroprotection by inhibiting neurite outgrowth inhibitor-A (Nogo-A) and the ROCKII pathway in experimental rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with permanent MCAO were administered XST, Y27632, XST plus Y27632, and nimodipine for 14 and 28 days. Successful MCAO onset was confirmed by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Neurological deficit score (NDS) was used to assess neurological impairment. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) were performed to evaluate cerebral ischemic injury and the neuroprotective capability of XST. Nogo-A levels and the ROCKII pathway were detected by IHC analysis, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to explore the protective mechanism of XST. OGD/R model was established in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) was applied to detect the optimum OGD time and XST concentration. The expression levels Nogo-A and ROCKII pathway were determined using western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed that XST reduced neurological dysfunction and pathological damage, promoted weight gain and synaptic regeneration, reduced Nogo-A mRNA and protein levels, and inhibited the ROCKII pathway in MCAO rats. CCK8 assay displayed that the optimal OGD time and optimal XST concentration were 7 h and 20 μg/mL respectively in SH-SY5Y cells. XST could evidently inhibit OGD/R-induced Nogo-A protein expression and ROCKII pathway activation in SH-SY5Y cells. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that XST exerted long-term neuroprotective effects that assisted in stroke recovery, possibly through inhibition of the ROCKII pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Kai Cen
- Department of Stomatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100045, Beijing, China.
| | - Fengzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Ruijia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Yikun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Yizhou Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingling Chang
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Lingqun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Educational Ministry and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China.
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17
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Gao C, Jia W, Xu W, Wu Q, Wu J. Downregulation of CD151 restricts VCAM-1 mediated leukocyte infiltration to reduce neurobiological injuries after experimental stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:118. [PMID: 34022890 PMCID: PMC8140507 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Translational failures in anti-adhesion molecule therapies after stroke reveal the necessity of developing new strategies that not only interrupt leukocyte recruitment but also consider the inhibition of endothelial cell inflammation, verification of therapeutic time window, and normal function maintenance of circulating leukocytes. Our study focused on the potential therapeutic value of CD151 downregulation in improving current anti-adhesion molecule therapies. Methods Lentivirus intracerebroventricular administration was conducted to inhibit the CD151 expression and observe its functional influence on neurological injuries and outcomes. Then, immunohistochemistry and myeloperoxidase activity assessment were performed to explore the effects of CD151 expression on neutrophil and monocyte recruitment after rat cerebral ischemia. Primary rat brain microvascular endothelial cells were subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation to elucidate the underlying working mechanisms between CD151 and VCAM-1. Results The CD151 downregulation remarkably reduced neurological injuries and improved neurological outcomes, which were accompanied with reduced neutrophil and monocyte infiltration after the CD151 downregulation. The VCAM-1 expression was remarkably decreased among the adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell responsible for neutrophil and monocyte infiltration. The activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways was restricted after the CD151 downregulation. p38 MAPK and NF-κB inhibitors decreased the VCAM-1 expression, and p38 acted as an upstream regulator of NF-κB. However, CD151 downregulation did not directly influence the neutrophil and monocyte activation. Conclusions Overall, CD151 regulated the expression of adhesion molecules. It also played a critical role in suppressing VCAM-1-mediated neutrophil and monocyte infiltration via the p38/NF-κB pathway. This study possibly provided a new basis for improving current anti-adhesion molecule therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02171-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceshu Gao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Wangyue Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wendeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China.
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18
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Weil ZM, Karelina K, Whitehead B, Velazquez-Cruz R, Oliverio R, Pinti M, Nwafor DC, Nicholson S, Fitzgerald JA, Hollander J, Brown CM, Zhang N, DeVries AC. Mild traumatic brain injury increases vulnerability to cerebral ischemia in mice. Exp Neurol 2021; 342:113765. [PMID: 33992581 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that TBI is an independent risk factor for subsequent stroke. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TBI would exacerbate experimental stroke outcomes via alternations in neuroimmune and neurometabolic function. We performed a mild closed-head TBI and then one week later induced an experimental stroke in adult male mice. Mice that had previously experienced TBI exhibited larger infarcts, greater functional deficits, and more pronounced neuroinflammatory responses to stroke. We hypothesized that impairments in central metabolic physiology mediated poorer outcomes after TBI. To test this, we treated mice with the insulin sensitizing drug pioglitazone (Pio) after TBI. Pio prevented the exacerbation of ischemic outcomes induced by TBI and also blocked the induction of insulin insensitivity by TBI. However, tissue respiratory function was not improved by Pio. Finally, TBI altered microvascular responses including promoting vascular accumulation of serum proteins and significantly impairing blood flow during the reperfusion period after stroke, both of which were reversed by treatment with Pio. Thus, TBI appears to exacerbate ischemic outcomes by impairing metabolic and microvascular physiology. These data have important implications because TBI patients experience strokes at greater rates than individuals without a history of head injury, but these data suggest that those strokes may also cause greater tissue damage and functional impairments in that population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Weil
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., PO Box 9303, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., PO Box 9303, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Bailey Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., PO Box 9303, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ruth Velazquez-Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., PO Box 9303, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Robin Oliverio
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., PO Box 9303, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Mark Pinti
- Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Mitochondria, Metabolism, & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Divine C Nwafor
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., PO Box 9303, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Samuel Nicholson
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julie A Fitzgerald
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John Hollander
- Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Mitochondria, Metabolism, & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Candice M Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., PO Box 9303, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., PO Box 9303, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Medicine, WVU Cancer Institute, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., PO Box 9303, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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19
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Chiarantin GMD, Delgado-Garcia LM, Zamproni LN, Lima MA, Nader HB, Tersariol ILS, Porcionatto M. Neuroprotective effect of heparin Trisulfated disaccharide on ischemic stroke. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:35-43. [PMID: 33411076 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells undergoing hypoxia experience intense cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) overload. High concentrations of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) can trigger cell death in the neural tissue, a hallmark of stroke. Neural Ca2+ homeostasis involves regulation by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). Previous data published by our group showed that a product of the enzymatic depolymerization of heparin by heparinase, the unsaturated trisulfated disaccharide (TD; ΔU, 2S-GlcNS, 6S), can accelerate Na+/Ca2+ exchange via NCX, in hepatocytes and aorta vascular smooth muscle cells. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify whether TD could act as a neuroprotective agent able to prevent neuronal cell death by reducing [Ca2+]i. Pretreatment of N2a cells with TD reduced [Ca2+]i rise induced by thapsigargin and increased cell viability under [Ca2+]I overload conditions and in hypoxia. Using a murine model of stroke, we observed that pretreatment with TD decreased cerebral infarct volume and cell death. However, when mice received KB-R7943, an NCX blocker, the neuroprotective effect of TD was abolished, strongly suggesting that this neuroprotection requires a functional NCX to happen. Thus, we propose TD-NCX as a new therapeutic axis for the prevention of neuronal death induced by [Ca2+]i overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielly M D Chiarantin
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lina M Delgado-Garcia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura N Zamproni
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Helena B Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivarne L S Tersariol
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marimélia Porcionatto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Activation of MC1R with BMS-470539 attenuates neuroinflammation via cAMP/PKA/Nurr1 pathway after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:26. [PMID: 33468172 PMCID: PMC7814630 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic (HI)-induced brain injury. Activation of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in several neurological diseases. In the present study, we have explored the role of MC1R activation on neuroinflammation and the potential underlying mechanisms after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats. Methods A total of 169 post-natal day 10 unsexed rat pups were used. HI was induced by right common carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 h of hypoxia. BMS-470539, a specific selective MC1R agonist, was administered intranasally at 1 h after HI induction. To elucidate the potential underlying mechanism, MC1R CRISPR KO plasmid or Nurr1 CRISPR KO plasmid was administered via intracerebroventricular injection at 48 h before HI induction. Percent brain infarct area, short- and long-term neurobehavioral tests, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot were conducted. Results The expression levels of MC1R and Nurr1 increased over time post-HI. MC1R and Nurr1 were expressed on microglia at 48 h post-HI. Activation of MC1R with BMS-470539 significantly reduced the percent infarct area, brain atrophy, and inflammation, and improved short- and long-term neurological deficits at 48 h and 28 days post-HI. MC1R activation increased the expression of CD206 (a microglial M2 marker) and reduced the expression of MPO. Moreover, activation of MC1R with BMS-470539 significantly increased the expression levels of MC1R, cAMP, p-PKA, and Nurr1, while downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β) at 48 h post-HI. However, knockout of MC1R or Nurr1 by specific CRISPR reversed the neuroprotective effects of MC1R activation post-HI. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that activation of MC1R with BMS-470539 attenuated neuroinflammation, and improved neurological deficits after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats. Such anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects were mediated, at least in part, via the cAMP/PKA/Nurr1 signaling pathway. Therefore, MC1R activation might be a promising therapeutic target for infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02078-2.
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21
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Xu W, Gao C, Wu J. CD151 Alleviates Early Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction After Experimental Focal Brain Ischemia in Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:151-162. [PMID: 32285246 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function is a potential protective strategy against cerebral ischemic injuries. CD151 has a beneficial effect in maintaining vascular stability and plays a role in pro-angiogenesis. Both vascular stability and angiogenesis can affect BBB function. Therefore, we aimed to examine the action of CD151 in regulating BBB permeability after cerebral ischemic injury in the present study. Using a transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI) rat model, we established that CD151 overexpression in the brain mitigated the leakage of endogenous IgG at 6-24 h after tFCI in vivo. Moreover, we found that CD151 can decrease the diffusion of macromolecules through monolayer brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMVECs) after glucose and oxygen deprivation (OGD)-reoxygenation in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of CD151 in BMVECs suppressed OGD-reoxygenation-induced F-actin formation and RhoA activity. However, while preserving BBB integrity after tFCI, CD151 overexpression did not affect the post-stroke outcomes. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that CD151 overexpression in the brain protects BBB permeability at early phase after tFCI. CD151 may be a potential target for early BBB protection in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ceshu Gao
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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22
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Liebenstund L, Coburn M, Fitzner C, Willuweit A, Langen KJ, Liu J, Veldeman M, Höllig A. Predicting experimental success: a retrospective case-control study using the rat intraluminal thread model of stroke. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm044651. [PMID: 33093066 PMCID: PMC7790196 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor translational success rate of preclinical stroke research may partly be due to inaccurate modelling of the disease. We provide data on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) experiments, including detailed intraoperative monitoring to elaborate predictors indicating experimental success (ischemia without occurrence of confounding pathologies). The tMCAO monitoring data (bilateral cerebral blood flow, CBF; heart rate, HR; and mean arterial pressure, MAP) of 16 animals with an 'ideal' outcome (MCA-ischemia), and 48 animals with additional or other pathologies (subdural haematoma or subarachnoid haemorrhage), were checked for their prognostic performance (receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve, AUC). Animals showing a decrease in the contralateral CBF at the time of MCA occlusion suffered from unintended pathologies. Implementation of baseline MAP, in addition to baseline HR (AUC, 0.83, 95% c.i. 0.68 to 0.97), increased prognostic relevance (AUC, 0.89, 95% c.i. 0.79 to 0.98). Prediction performance improved when two additional predictors referring to differences in left and right CBF were considered (AUC, 1.00, 95% c.i. 1.0 to 1.0). Our data underline the importance of peri-interventional monitoring to verify a successful experimental performance in order to ensure a disease model as homogeneous as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Liebenstund
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christina Fitzner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- 3CARE, Cardiovascular Critical Care & Anesthesia Research, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, D-52047 Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, D-52047 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jingjin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Veldeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, D-52047 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Höllig
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, D-52047 Aachen, Germany
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Guo Y, Chen T, Wang S, Zhou X, Zhang H, Li D, Mu N, Tang M, Hu M, Tang D, Yang Z, Zhong J, Tang Y, Feng H, Zhang X, Wang H. Synchrotron Radiation-Based FTIR Microspectroscopic Imaging of Traumatically Injured Mouse Brain Tissue Slices. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:29698-29705. [PMID: 33251405 PMCID: PMC7689661 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a health problem of global concern because of its serious adverse effects on public health and social economy. A technique that can be used to precisely detect TBI is highly demanded. Here, we report on a synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopic imaging technique that can be exploited to identify TBI-induced injury by examining model mouse brain tissue slices. The samples were first examined by conventional histopathological techniques including hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and then spectroscopically imaged by SR-FTIR. SR-FTIR results show that the contents of protein and nucleic acid in the injured region are lower than their counterparts in the normal region. The injured and normal regions can be unambiguously distinguished from each other by the principle component analysis of the SR-FTIR spectral data corresponding to protein or nucleic acid. The images built from the spectral data of protein or nucleic acid clearly present the injured region of the brain tissue, which is in good agreement with the H&E staining image and optical image of the sample. Given the label-free and fingerprint features, the demonstrated method suggests potential application of SR-FTIR spectroscopic mapping for the digital and intelligent diagnosis of TBI by providing spatial and chemical information of the sample simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansen Guo
- Center of Applied
Physics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution
and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute
of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tunan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest
Hospital, Third Military Medical University
(Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest
Hospital, Third Military Medical University
(Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- National
Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Center of Applied
Physics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution
and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute
of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Center of Applied
Physics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution
and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute
of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Ning Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest
Hospital, Third Military Medical University
(Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mingjie Tang
- Center of Applied
Physics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution
and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute
of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meidie Hu
- Center of Applied
Physics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution
and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute
of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Dongyun Tang
- Center of Applied
Physics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution
and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute
of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Zhongbo Yang
- Center of Applied
Physics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution
and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute
of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Jiajia Zhong
- National
Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuzhao Tang
- National
Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai
Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest
Hospital, Third Military Medical University
(Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G1H9, Canada
| | - Huabin Wang
- Center of Applied
Physics & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution
and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing Institute
of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
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Fooladi T, Soudi MR, Hashemi SM, Antunes FAF, Abdeshahian P. Biological function and molecular properties of Pyrenaican SF-1 as biological macromolecule extracted from Daldinia pyrenaica. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:298-308. [PMID: 32603731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular properties and biological functions of Pyrenaican SF-1 as a novel biological macromolecule extracted from a fungal isolate were studied. The isolate was identified as Daldinia pyrenaica on the basis of 5.8S rDNA sequencing. Pyrenaican SF-1 was obtained from the culture filtrate of the fungal isolate. The partial characterization of biochemical structure of Pyrenaican SF-1 was conducted. The fungal extract was also tested for the treatment of AGS, MDA and HeLa cell lines to assess cells proliferation, cells cycle and apoptosis. Furthermore, Pyrenaican SF-1 extract was tested for its antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Initial chemical analysis revealed that Pyrenaican SF-1 extract was composed of various monosaccharides such as d-glucose, D- mannitol, D-arabinose and β-D-ribopyranose. In vitro study indicated that Pyrenaican SF-1 could effectively elevate percentage of apoptosis and necrosis of cancer cells and block cell cycle phase of the control group. The fungal extract could inhibit proliferation of Hela and MDA cell up to 67% and 56%, respectively. Moreover, Pyrenaican SF-1 represented a strong antioxidant activity compared to that one obtained from vitamin C. On the other hand, Pyrenaican SF-1 exhibited growth inhibitory effects against different Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. Pyrenaican SF-1 can be considered as a bioactive macromolecule with promising application in pharmaceutical and medical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Fooladi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Soudi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Peyman Abdeshahian
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Under São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP, Processo No. 2018/14095-7; 2016/10636-8)
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25
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Menzie-Suderam JM, Modi J, Xu H, Bent A, Trujillo P, Medley K, Jimenez E, Shen J, Marshall M, Tao R, Prentice H, Wu JY. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor gene therapy as a novel therapeutics for stroke in a mouse model. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:99. [PMID: 33126859 PMCID: PMC7596942 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global ischemia is the resulting effect of a cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). Presently there is no effective treatment to address neurological deficits in patients who survived a CPA. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor is a growth factor (G-CSF) with a plethora of beneficial effects, including neuroprotection. Clinical application of human G-CSF (hG-CSF) is limited due to its plasma half-life of 4 h. Therefore, novel approaches need to be investigated that would (1) enable prolonged manifestation of hG-CSF and (2) demonstrate G-CSF efficacy from studying the underlying protective mechanisms of hG-CSF. In our previous work, we used the self-complementary adeno-associated virus (stereotype2: scAAV2) as a vector to transfect the hG-CSF gene into the global ischemic brain of a mouse. As an extension of that work, we now seek to elucidate the protective mechanisms of hG-CSF gene therapy against endoplasmic reticulum induced stress, mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in global ischemia. Method A single drop of either AAV-CMV-hG-CSF or AAV-CMV-GFP was dropped into the conjunctival sac of the Swiss Webster mouse’s left eye, 30–60 min after bilateral common artery occlusion (BCAO). The efficacy of the expressed hG-CSF gene product was analyzed by monitoring the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER), mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic proteins over 4- and 7-days post-BCAO in vulnerable brain regions including the striatum, overlying cortex (frontal brain regions) and the hippocampus (middle brain regions). Statistical analysis was performed using mostly One-Way Analysis of variance (ANOVA), except for behavioral analysis, which used Repeated Measures Two-Way ANOVA, post hoc analysis was performed using the Tukey test. Results Several biomarkers that facilitated cellular death, including CHOP and GRP78 (ER stress) DRP1 (mitochondrial dynamics) and Beclin 1, p62 and LC3-ll (autophagy) were significantly downregulated by hG-CSF gene transfer. hG-CSF gene therapy also significantly upregulated antiapoptotic Bcl2 while downregulating pro-apoptotic Bax. The beneficial effects of hG-CSF gene therapy resulted in an overall improvement in functional behavior. Conclusion Taken together, this study has substantiated the approach of sustaining the protein expression of hG-CSF by eye drop administration of the hG-CSF gene. In addition, the study has validated the efficacy of using hG-CSF gene therapy against endoplasmic reticulum induced stress, mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in global ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Menzie-Suderam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.,Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Jigar Modi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.,Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Hongyaun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Andrew Bent
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Paula Trujillo
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Kristen Medley
- College of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Eugenia Jimenez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Jessica Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | | | - Rui Tao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Howard Prentice
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA. .,Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA. .,Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
| | - Jang-Yen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA. .,Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA. .,Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
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26
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Liu LL, Qiao S, Wang ML, Wu HK, Su YX, Wang KM, Liu XW. MiR224-5p Inhibitor Restrains Neuronal Apoptosis by Targeting NR4A1 in the Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation (OGD) Model. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:613. [PMID: 32670010 PMCID: PMC7330102 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism of stroke and to explore the effect of miR-224-5p in hypoxic cortical neurons. Firstly, we established a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model with Sprague–Dawley rats. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining showed the brain infarction of an MCAO rat. Longa scores of rats were significantly increased in 12th, 24th, and 48th hours after MCAO. Then, we found that miR-224-5p was increased after MCAO in rats by qRT-PCR. In order to investigate the effect of miR-224-5p in hypoxic neurons, we established an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model with cortical neurons. MiR-224-5p was also upregulated in neurons after OGD by qRT-PCR. After transfection of the miR-224-5p inhibitor, the number of neurons in the anti-miR-224-5p group significantly increased (P < 0.01) in comparison to the anti-NC group. Furthermore, Tuj1+ (neuronal marker) staining and TUNEL assay (to detect apoptotic cells) were performed in neurons. The survival of neurons in the anti-miR-224-5p group was significantly improved (P < 0.01), while the apoptosis of neurons in the anti-miR-224-5p group was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), when compared with that of the anti-NC group. In addition, we predicted that potential target genes of miR-224-5p were nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), and ring finger protein 38 (RNF38) with bioinformatics databases, such as TargetScan, miRDB, miRmap, and miRanda. The result of qRT-PCR confirmed that NR4A1 was significantly decreased after hypoxic injury (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, luciferase reporter’s assay indicated that NR4A1 was the direct target of miR-224-5p. Compared with the anti-miR-224-5p + siNC group, the number of cortical neurons and the length of the neuron axon in the anti-miR-224-5p + si-NR4A1 group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the number of neuronal apoptosis in the anti-miR-224-5p + si-NR4A1 group was increased (P < 0.01). In conclusion, miR-224-5p played a crucial role in hypoxic neuron injury through NR4A1, which might be an important regulatory mechanism in OGD injury of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated With Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Huai-Kuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong-Xin Su
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ke-Mo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Wu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Qiao LX, Zhao RB, Wu MF, Zhu LH, Xia ZK. Silencing of long non‑coding antisense RNA brain‑derived neurotrophic factor attenuates hypoxia/ischemia‑induced neonatal brain injury. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:653-662. [PMID: 32626923 PMCID: PMC7307822 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic/ischemic (HI) brain damage (HIBD) is a major cause of acute neonatal brain injury, leading to high mortality and serious neurological deficits. The antisense RNA of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF-AS) is transcribed from the opposite strand of the BDNF gene. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of BDNF-AS in HI-induced neuronal cell injury in vivo and in vitro. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays indicated that BDNF-AS expression was significantly upregulated in HI-injured neonatal brains and hippocampal neurons. However, BDNF expression was downregulated in HI-injured neonatal brains and hippocampal neurons. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, Hoechst staining, calcein-AM/PI staining, immunostaining, water maze tests and rotarod tests demonstrated that BDNF-AS silencing protected against hypoxia-induced primary hippocampal neuron injury in vitro and HI-induced brain injury in vivo. Mechanistically, RT-qPCR assays and western blotting indicated that BDNF-AS silencing led to increased expression of BDNF and activated the BDNF-mediated signaling pathway, as demonstrated by increased expression levels of BDNF, phosphorylated-Akt and phosphorylated-tropomyosin receptor kinase B. Collectively, the present study provides important insights into the pathogenesis of HIBD, and it was indicated that BDNF-AS silencing may be a promising approach for the treatment of neonatal HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xing Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Bin Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Fu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Science, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Kun Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Exercise Plus Pharmacological Neuromodulation of Synaptic Inhibition Enhance Motor Function Recovery After Ischemic Stroke. Neuroscience 2020; 430:12-24. [PMID: 31982464 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the interactive effects of exercise and low-level inhibition of GABAA receptors on the recovery of motor function and BDNF expression in the primary motor cortex (M1) of a stroke rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: sham (SHAM), control (CON), exercise (EX), bicuculline (BIC), and bicuculline plus exercise (BICEX) groups. All rats, except those in the SHAM group, underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery to induce an ischemic stroke. GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.), was administered to the BIC and BICEX groups. The EX and BICEX groups exercised on a treadmill (11 m/min for 30 min). Each intervention started 3 days after the MCAO surgery and was carried out every day for 2 weeks. Following the intervention, bilateral M1 BDNF mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Marginal recovery was found in the EX and BIC groups, whereas motor function recovery was enhanced with exercise in the presence of BIC administration specifically in the BICEX group. Furthermore, BDNF protein level in the ipsilateral M1 was significantly higher in the BICEX group than in other groups. This study indicated that exercise combined with low-level inhibition of GABAA receptors after stroke could facilitate the recovery of motor function accompanied by BDNF upregulation in the ipsilateral M1. Therefore, this study provides a novel insight of pharmacological neuromodulation into stroke rehabilitation.
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Kuts R, Frank D, Gruenbaum BF, Grinshpun J, Melamed I, Knyazer B, Tarabrin O, Zvenigorodsky V, Shelef I, Zlotnik A, Boyko M. A Novel Method for Assessing Cerebral Edema, Infarcted Zone and Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in a Single Post-stroke Rodent Brain. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1105. [PMID: 31680838 PMCID: PMC6805703 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) has historically been the most common animal model of simulating ischemic stroke. The extent of neurological injury after MCAO is typically measured by cerebral edema, infarct zone, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. A significant limitation of these methods is that separate sets of brains must be used for each measurement. Here we examine an alternative method of measuring cerebral edema, infarct zone and BBB permeability following MCAO in the same set of brain samples. Ninety-six rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups. Group 1 (n = 27) was used for the evaluation of infarct zone and brain edema in rats post-MCAO (n = 17) vs. sham-operated controls (n = 10). Group 2 (n = 27) was used for the evaluation of BBB breakdown in rats post-MCAO (n = 15) vs. sham-operated controls (n = 10). In Group 3 (n = 42), all three parameters were measured in the same set of brain slices in rats post-MCAO (n = 26) vs. sham-operated controls (n = 16). The effect of Evans blue on the accuracy of measuring infarct zone by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was determined by measuring infarct zone with and without an applied blue filter. The effects of various concentrations of TTC (0, 0.05, 0.35, 0.5, 1, and 2%) on the accuracy of measuring BBB permeability was also assessed. There was an increase in infarct volume (p < 0.01), brain edema (p < 0.01) and BBB breakdown (p < 0.01) in rats following MCAO compared to sham-operated controls, whether measured separately or together in the same set of brain samples. Evans blue had an effect on measuring infarct volume that was minimized by the application of a blue filter on scanned brain slices. There was no difference in the Evans blue extravasation index for the brain tissue samples without TTC compared to brain tissue samples incubated in TTC. Our results demonstrate that measuring cerebral edema, infarct zone and BBB permeability following MCAO can accurately be measured in the same set of brain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Kuts
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Dmitry Frank
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Benjamin F Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Julia Grinshpun
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Israel Melamed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Boris Knyazer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Oleg Tarabrin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care with Postgraduate Education, Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Vladislav Zvenigorodsky
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Optimised lyophilisation-based method for different biomolecule single-extractions from the same rat brain sample: Suitability for RNA and protein expression analyses after ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 327:108402. [PMID: 31445114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimisation of tissue processing procedures in preclinical studies reduces the number of animals used and allows integrated multilevel study in the same sample. Multiple extraction of different biomolecules from the same sample has several limitations. NEW METHOD Using brain samples from rats subjected to ischemic stroke, we combined lyophilisation of flash-frozen tissue, mechanical pulverisation and cryopreservation in a method to optimise tissue handling and preservation for independent RNA or protein single-extract methods, and subsequent RT-qPCR or Western blot analyses. RESULTS Lyophilisation resulted in 70% tissue weight loss. RNA (OD260/280∼1.8) and protein yields were similar in non-ischemic and ischemic brain samples, subjected to either flash freezing (FF) or flash freezing followed by lyophilisation (FF + Lyo). RNA transcription of reference genes (Actb and Rn18s), expression of housekeeping proteins (β-actin and α-tubulin), and mRNA overexpression of stroke-regulated genes (Nos2, Mmp9 and Tnfa) was similar in FF and FF + Lyo samples. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Contrary to high heat stress of baking method in a drying oven, lyophilisation maintains the integrity of dried samples for subsequent extractions and analyses. Sample lyophilisation allows different manual representative extractions/analyses from the same rat, it is much cheaper than using commercial kits, and shows higher yields that multiple manual or kit-based extractions. CONCLUSIONS The lyophilisation-based method for different biomolecule single-extractions from tissue powder aliquots, representing the same rat brain sample, is sample saving, contributes to the reduction principle in animal research, and allows coordinated analysis for accurate correlations between the transcriptome and proteome in stroke and other neuroscience research.
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Azedi F, Mehrpour M, Talebi S, Zendedel A, Kazemnejad S, Mousavizadeh K, Beyer C, Zarnani AH, Joghataei MT. Melatonin regulates neuroinflammation ischemic stroke damage through interactions with microglia in reperfusion phase. Brain Res 2019; 1723:146401. [PMID: 31445031 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Even today, ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disabilities because of its high incidence, limited treatments and poor understanding of the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion, neuroinflammation and secondary injuries following ischemic stroke. The function of microglia as a part of the immune system of the brain following ischemic stroke can be destructive or protective. Recent surveys indicate that melatonin, a strong antioxidant agent, has receptors on microglial cells and can regulate them to protective form; yet, more findings are required for better understanding of this mechanism, particularly in the reperfusion phase. In this study, we initially aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin intra-arterially and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. After that by using an in vitro approach, we evaluated the protective effects of melatonin on microglial cells following the hypoxia condition. Our results proved that a single dose of melatonin at the beginning of reperfusion phase improved structural and behavioral outcomes. Melatonin increased NeuN and decreased GFAP, Iba1 and active caspase-3 at protein level. Furthermore, melatonin elevated BDNF, MAP2, HSPA1A and reduced VEGF at mRNA level. We also showed that melatonin receptor 1B highly expressed in microglial cells after 3 h hypoxia. Besides, melatonin increased the ratio of TREM2/iNOS as a marker of the most protective form of microglia (M2). In summary, our data suggest that melatonin has the possibility to serve as targeting microglial action for preventing secondary injury of reperfusion phase after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Azedi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mehrpour
- Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Mousavizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sanchez-Bezanilla S, Nilsson M, Walker FR, Ong LK. Can We Use 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride-Stained Brain Slices for Other Purposes? The Application of Western Blotting. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:181. [PMID: 31417355 PMCID: PMC6682641 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining is a commonly used method to determine the volume of the cerebral infarction in experimental stroke models. The TTC staining protocol is considered to interfere with downstream analyses, and it is unclear whether TTC-stained brain samples can be used for biochemistry analyses. However, there is evidence indicating that, with proper optimization and handling, TTC-stained brains may remain viable for protein analyses. In the present study, we aimed to rigorously assess whether TTC can reliably be used for western blotting of various markers. In this study, brain samples obtained from C57BL/6 male mice were treated with TTC (TTC+) or left untreated (TTC−) at 1 week after photothrombotic occlusion or sham surgery. Brain regions were dissected into infarct, thalamus, and hippocampus, and proteins were extracted by using radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer. Protein levels of apoptosis, autophagy, neuronal, glial, vascular, and neurodegenerative-related markers were analyzed by western blotting. Our results showed that TTC+ brains display similar relative changes in most of the markers compared with TTC− brains. In addition, we validated that these analyses can be performed in the infarct as well as other brain regions such as the thalamus and hippocampus. Our findings demonstrate that TTC+ brains are reliable for protein analyses using western blotting. Widespread adoption of this approach will be key to lowering the number of animals used while maximizing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sanchez-Bezanilla
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Rehab Innovations, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Rehab Innovations, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Fooladi T, Soudi MR, Alimadadi N, Savedoroudi P, Heravi MM. Bioactive exopolysaccharide from Neopestalotiopsis sp. strain SKE15: Production, characterization and optimization. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:127-139. [PMID: 30710587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fungal exopolysaccharides are powerful resources of medicinal applications. Neopestalotiopsis sp. SKE15 was isolated and identified according to phenotypical and genotypical analyses (GenBank Accession No. MG649986). The exopolysaccharide (EPS) was produced by cultivation of mycelia in broth culture and extracted. The production was optimized to 2.02 g/l after selection of agitation, temperature, FeSO4 and K2HPO4 concentrations as the most influencing factors using Placket-Burman design and then by applying response surface methodology. Analytical Tools showed that the EPS is composed of a polysaccharide (1.5-2.1 × 106 Da) and its probable low molecular weight derivatives, in a wide range of chain lengths, among them an oligosaccharide of about 1970 Da was dominant. GC-MS (Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis revealed the EPS was mainly constructed from d-glucose, sorbitol and D-galactose. The EPS showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity assays showed strong antioxidant activity of the EPS. A challenge with three different cancerous cell lines showed cytotoxic activity of the EPS at final concentration of 100 and 200 μg/ml. Further investigation on medicinal applications of the biopolymer is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Fooladi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, 1993893973, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Soudi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, 1993893973, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nayyereh Alimadadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, 1993893973, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Savedoroudi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, District 1, Daneshjou Boulevard, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momhed Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, 1993893973, Tehran, Iran
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Bertrand L, Méroth F, Tournebize M, Leda AR, Sun E, Toborek M. Targeting the HIV-infected brain to improve ischemic stroke outcome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2009. [PMID: 31043599 PMCID: PMC6494822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated cerebrovascular events remain highly prevalent even in the current era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We hypothesize that low-level HIV replication and associated inflammation endure despite antiretroviral treatment and affect ischemic stroke severity and outcomes. Using the EcoHIV infection model and the middle cerebral artery occlusion as the ischemic stroke model in mice, we present in vivo analysis of the relationship between HIV and stroke outcome. EcoHIV infection increases infarct size and negatively impacts tissue and functional recovery. Ischemic stroke also results in an increase in EcoHIV presence in the affected regions, suggesting post-stroke reactivation that magnifies pro-inflammatory status. Importantly, ART with a high CNS penetration effectiveness (CPE) is more beneficial than low CPE treatment in limiting tissue injury and accelerating post-stroke recovery. These results provide potential insight for treatment of HIV-infected patients that are at risk of developing cerebrovascular disease, such as ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Bertrand
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Fannie Méroth
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Marie Tournebize
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ana Rachel Leda
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Enze Sun
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Ranjbar Taklimie F, Gasterich N, Scheld M, Weiskirchen R, Beyer C, Clarner T, Zendedel A. Hypoxia Induces Astrocyte-Derived Lipocalin-2 in Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061271. [PMID: 30871254 PMCID: PMC6471434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes rapid hypoxic damage to the core neural tissue which is followed by graded chronological tissue degeneration in the peri-infarct zone. The latter process is mainly triggered by neuroinflammation, activation of inflammasomes, proinflammatory cytokines, and pyroptosis. Besides microglia, astrocytes play an important role in the fine-tuning of the inflammatory network in the brain. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is involved in the control of innate immune responses, regulation of excess iron, and reactive oxygen production. In this study, we analyzed LCN2 expression in hypoxic rat brain tissue after ischemic stroke and in astrocyte cell cultures receiving standardized hypoxic treatment. Whereas no LCN2-positive cells were seen in sham animals, the number of LCN2-positive cells (mainly astrocytes) was significantly increased after stroke. In vitro studies with hypoxic cultured astroglia revealed that LCN2 expression is significantly increased after only 2 h, then further increased, followed by a stepwise decline. The expression pattern of several proinflammatory cytokines mainly followed that profile in wild type (WT) but not in cultured LCN2-deficient astrocytes. Our data revealed that astrocytes are an important source of LCN2 in the peri-infarct region under hypoxic conditions. However, we must also stress that brain-intrinsic LCN2 after the initial hypoxia period might come from other sources such as invaded immune cells and peripheral organs via blood circulation. In any case, secreted LCN2 might have an influence on peripheral organ functions and the innate immune system during brain hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Gasterich
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Miriam Scheld
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tim Clarner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Shamsara A, Sheibani V, Asadi-Shekaari M, Nematollahi-Mahani SN. Neural like cells and acetyl-salicylic acid alter rat brain structure and function following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Biomol Concepts 2018; 9:155-168. [PMID: 30864349 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transient cerebral ischemia is a pandemic neurological disorder and the main aim of medical intervention is to reduce complications. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal cells (hUCMs) are capable of differentiating into neural-like cells (NLC) in vitro, therefore we investigated the neuroprotective potential of these cells in comparison to aspirin and in combination (NLC-Aspirin) on spatial memory and neural morphologic changes in male rats submitted to transient cerebral ischemia. Methods Ten days after the intervention, the improvement in learning and memory were assessed in the animals by Morris Water Maze. Thence, the animals were examined for the presence of PKH26 labeled cells in the ischemic area of the brain, the infarct volume and neural changes in the brain tissue. Results Significant spatial memory deficits in the ischemic animals were detected compared with the control animals. The learning and memory were significantly improved (p ≤ 0.05) in the aspirin and NLC groups compared with the ischemic animals. Co-treatment of aspirin and NLCs did not improve the outcome. Moreover, infarction volume and neural changes were significantly altered when aspirin or NLCs were administered. Conclusions Our data suggest the significant neuroprotective potential of aspirin and neural-like cells derived from hUCM cells in the treatment of brain ischemic stroke. Further studies are required to evaluate possible underlying mechanisms, and to evaluate the possible interactions between aspirin and stem cells in a joint treatment aimed at the recovery of cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shamsara
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Shekaari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Role of Steroid Therapy after Ischemic Stroke by n-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Gene Regulation. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:3066-3075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Prentice H, Gharibani PM, Ma Z, Alexandrescu A, Genova R, Chen PC, Modi J, Menzie J, Pan C, Tao R, Wu JY. Neuroprotective Functions Through Inhibition of ER Stress by Taurine or Taurine Combination Treatments in a Rat Stroke Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 1:193-205. [PMID: 28849455 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Taurine, as a free amino acid, is found at high levels in many tissues including brain, heart and skeletal muscle and is known to demonstrate neuroprotective effects in a range of disease conditions including stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Using in vitro culture systems we have demonstrated that taurine can elicit protection against endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) from glutamate excitotoxicity or from excessive reactive oxygen species in PC12 cells or rat neuronal cultures. In our current investigation we hypothesized that taurine treatment after stroke in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model would render protection against ER stress processes as reflected in decreased levels of expression of ER stress pathway components. We demonstrated that taurine elicited high level protection and inhibited both ATF-6 and IRE-1 ER stress pathway components. As ischemic stroke has a complex pathology it is likely that certain combination treatment approaches targeting multiple disease mechanisms may have excellent potential for efficacy. We have previously employed the partial NMDA antagonist DETC-MeSO to render protection against in vivo ischemic stroke using a rat cerebral ischemia model. Here we tested administration of subcutaneous administration of 0.56 mg/kg DETC-MeSO or 40 mg/kg of taurine separately or as combined treatment after a 120 min cerebral ischemia in the rat MCAO model. Neither drug alone demonstrated protection at the low doses employed. Remarkably however the combination of low dose DETC-MeSO plus low dose taurine conferred a diminished infarct size and an enhanced Neuroscore (reflecting decreased neurological deficit). Analysis of ER stress markers pPERK, peIF-2-alpha and cleaved ATF-6 all showed decreased expression demonstrating that all 3 ER stress pathways were inhibited concurrent with a synergistic protective effect by the post-stroke administration of this DETC-MeSO-taurine combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Prentice
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Payam M Gharibani
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Anamaria Alexandrescu
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Rafaella Genova
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Po-Chih Chen
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Jigar Modi
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Janet Menzie
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Chunliu Pan
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Rui Tao
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Jang-Yen Wu
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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Xu FF, Zhang ZB, Wang YY, Wang TH. Brain-Derived Glia Maturation Factor β Participates in Lung Injury Induced by Acute Cerebral Ischemia by Increasing ROS in Endothelial Cells. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:1077-1090. [PMID: 30191459 PMCID: PMC6246848 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain damage can cause lung injury. To explore the mechanism underlying the lung injury induced by acute cerebral ischemia (ACI), we established a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We focused on glia maturation factor β (GMFB) based on quantitative analysis of the global rat serum proteome. Polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence revealed that GMFB was over-expressed in astrocytes in the brains of rats subjected to MCAO. We cultured rat primary astrocytes and confirmed that GMFB was also up-regulated in primary astrocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). We subjected the primary astrocytes to Gmfb RNA interference before OGD and collected the conditioned medium (CM) after OGD. We then used the CM to culture pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) acquired in advance and assessed their status. The viability of the PMVECs improved significantly when Gmfb was blocked. Moreover, ELISA assays revealed an elevation in GMFB concentration in the medium after OGD. Cell cultures containing recombinant GMFB showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species and a deterioration in the state of the cells. In conclusion, GMFB is up-regulated in astrocytes after ACI, and brain-derived GMFB damages PMVECs by increasing reactive oxygen species. GMFB might thus be an initiator of the lung injury induced by ACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Xu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zi-Bin Zhang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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SIRT2 Inhibition Confers Neuroprotection by Downregulation of FOXO3a and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9188-9203. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Neuroprotective effects of valproic acid on brain ischemia are related to its HDAC and GSK3 inhibitions. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 167:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li L, Saiyin H, Xie J, Ma L, Xue L, Wang W, Liang W, Yu Q. Sevoflurane preconditioning induced endogenous neurogenesis against ischemic brain injury by promoting microglial activation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28544-28557. [PMID: 28212538 PMCID: PMC5438671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia causes irreversible damage to functional neurons in cases of infarct. Promoting endogenous neurogenesis to replace necrotic neurons is a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemia patients. The neuroprotective role of sevoflurane preconditioning implies that it might also enhance endogenous neurogenesis and functional restoration in the infarct region. By using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model, we discovered that endogenous neurogenesis was enhanced by sevoflurane preconditioning. This enhancement process is characterized by the promotion of neuroblast proliferation within the subventricular zone (SVZ), migration and differentiation into neurons, and the presence of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes at the site of infarct. The newborn neurons in the sevoflurane preconditioning group showed miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), increased synaptophysin and PSD95 staining density, indicating normal neuronal function. Furthermore, long-term behavioral improvement was observed in the sevoflurane preconditioning group consistent with endogenous neurogenesis. Further histological analyses showed that sevoflurane preconditioning accelerated microglial activation, including migration, phagocytosis and secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Intraperitoneal injection of minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, suppressed microglial activation and reversed neurogenesis. Our data showed that sevoflurane preconditioning promoted microglial activities, created a favorable microenvironment for endogenous neurogenesis and accelerated functional reconstruction in the infarct region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jingmo Xie
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lixiang Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weimin Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
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Effect of TTC Treatment on Immunohistochemical Quantification of Collagen IV in Rat Brains after Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 9:499-505. [PMID: 29313240 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although used extensively in stroke research, there is limited knowledge of how 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-treated rat brain sections are altered and if they can be used for immunohistochemical quantification after staining with TTC. In the present study, we hypothesized that TTC treatment (TTC+) would not interfere with collagen IV immunohistochemical staining compared with non-TTC-treated (TTC-) brain slices. We further hypothesized that there would be no difference in autofluorescence or nonspecific secondary antibody fluorescence between TTC+ and TTC- brain slices. Coronal brain sections of male Wistar rats (n = 5/group) were either treated with TTC or not after middle cerebral artery occlusion or sham surgery, and processed for immunohistochemical staining with mouse anti-collagen IV as the primary antibody, and goat anti-IgM as the secondary antibody. Four images were taken in the cerebral cortex of the contralateral side of infarction in each brain slice using an Olympus BX50 fluorescence microscope, and average intensity of the entire image was quantified using the Metamorph software. Compared with TTC- brain slices, TTC+ brain slices showed a significantly lower autofluorescence (P < 0.05), but was unchanged for nonspecific secondary antibody fluorescence. In addition, TTC+ brain slices had similar collagen IV staining intensity compared with TTC- brain slices. These results demonstrate that TTC+ brain slices are usable for immunohistochemical quantification.
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Use of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride-stained brain tissues for immunofluorescence analyses after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 214:174-179. [PMID: 29254786 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rodents has been widely used as model for studying brain ischemic stroke. TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining in fresh tissues is used to evaluate the size of the infarct in MCAO model, and TTC-stained brain tissues are considered to be possible to bring a damage to the anatomical structure of neuronal cells and unsuitable for immunofluorescence analyses of cytology, and discarded after evaluation of infarct volume. Another group of models with in vivo fixation was required to the pathological or histological analyses of the infarct brains, which lead to double the numbers of animals in researches. However, some evidences indicate that if we properly optimized staining protocol, TTC-stained brain tissues might be suitable for cytological analyses. In this work, we have optimized the immunofluorescent staining methods of TTC-stained brain slices, and found that TTC-stained brain tissues are suitable for quantitative and qualitative analyses of microglia, astrocytes and neuroblasts, the morphology of theses cell were nearly identical to the in-vivo fixed models. Our optimized-protocol provide two advantages over traditional methods one of them is providing the precise the infarct region, which reduces the differences within groups, the other one is decreasing the total number of animals in research dramatically.
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Hussain ASM, Renno WM, Sadek HL, Kayali NM, Al-Salem A, Rao MS, Khan KM. Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor protects degenerating spinal neurons, enhances nerve regeneration and functional recovery in sciatic nerve crush injury model. Neuropharmacology 2017; 128:231-243. [PMID: 29054367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase-B (MAOB), a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), is an enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of amines. MAOB is proposed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neurotoxins. The present study was designed to outline the effects of the MAOB inhibitor (MAOB-I) on neuroprotection of spinal neurons, regeneration of sciatic nerve fibers, and recovery of sensory-motor functions in the sciatic nerve crush injury model. Male Wistar rats (4-months-old) were assigned to i) Naïve (N), ii) Sham (S), iii) Sciatic nerve crush and treated with saline (CRUSH + SALINE) and iv) Sciatic nerve crush and treated with MAOB inhibitor (CRUSH + MAOB-I) groups (n = 10/group). In groups iii and iv, the crush injury was produced by crushing the sciatic nerve followed by treatment with saline or MAOB-I (Selegiline® 2.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 10 days. Behavioral tests were conducted from week 1 to week 6. At the end of the study, sciatic nerve and lumbar spinal cord were examined by immunohistochemistry, light and electron microscopy. MAOB-I treatment showed significant improvement in sensory and motor functions compared to saline treatment (p < 0.05-0.001) in injured nerves. The morphological study showed a significantly increased number of nerve fibers in sciatic nerve distal to the site of injury (p < 0.05), with better myelination pattern in CRUSH + MAOB-I treated group compared to CRUSH + SALINE group. Spinal cord ventral horns showed a significant increase in the number of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons in the MAOB-I treated group compared to Saline treated group (p < 0.01). MAOB-I has a significant potential for protecting the degenerating spinal cord neurons and enhancing the regeneration of injured sciatic nerve fibers following crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waleed M Renno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Hanaa L Sadek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Noura M Kayali
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Aseel Al-Salem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Muddanna S Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Khalid M Khan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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Je KH, Ryu WS, Lee SK, Kim EJ, Kim JY, Jang HJ, Park JE, Nahrendorf M, Schellingerhout D, Kim DE. Green-channel autofluorescence imaging: A novel and sensitive technique to delineate infarcts. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 279:22-32. [PMID: 28104485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have found that infarcted brain regions exhibit green channel autofluorescence (GCAF). Here, we compare ex vivo GCAF-imaging with 2,3,5-triphenylteterazolium chloride (TTC)-staining. NEW METHOD C57BL/6 mice (n=120) underwent GCAF-imaging after transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO or pMCAO). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS TTC-staining may not reflect subtle ischemic injury. TTC-stained tissues, when reused, are prone to processing artifacts related to prior TTC-staining. GCAF imaging requires little experimental manipulation of animals and brain tissues, and allows for more consistent measurements of infarct volume and reliable reuse of the fresh unstained tissues. RESULTS Lesion volumes measured at 24-h after 1-h tMCAO by using GCAF-images were similar to those using TTC-staining: 87.6±13.6mm3 vs. 83.8±12.8mm3 in 1mm-thick sections (n=9 mice, 10 slices/mouse, p=0.88; Pearson's r=0.91, p<0.001) and 75.1±7.6mm3 vs. 73.6±6.7mm3 in 2 mm-thick sections (n=9 mice, 5 slices/mouse, p=0.99; Pearson's r=0.87, p<0.001), respectively. In serial ex vivo imaging performed at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24-h after tMCAO, GCAF-imaging correlated well with TTC-staining at all time-points. In the pMCAO model however, the correlation was strong at later time-points (6-24-h); but at time points up to 3-h, GCAF-imaging was more sensitive than TTC-staining to detect ischemic areas, as verified by histology, where ischemic damage was observed in the GCAF-positive areas of the cerebral cortex and striatum, even in the face of normal TTC-staining. CONCLUSION GCAF-imaging is a reliable alternative to TTC-staining in the qualitative and quantitative assessments of focal brain ischemia, and more sensitive for detecting early ischemic damage in pMCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Hoon Je
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research (MINER) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research (MINER) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyoung Lee
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research (MINER) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eo Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeon Kim
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research (MINER) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Jang
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research (MINER) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung E Park
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research (MINER) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawid Schellingerhout
- Departments of Radiology and Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research (MINER) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
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Bertrand L, Dygert L, Toborek M. Induction of Ischemic Stroke and Ischemia-reperfusion in Mice Using the Middle Artery Occlusion Technique and Visualization of Infarct Area. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28190061 DOI: 10.3791/54805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is highly prevalent in the global population and encompasses several types of conditions, including stroke. To study the impact of stroke on tissue injury and to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, several experimental models in a variety of species were developed. They include complete global cerebral ischemia, incomplete global ischemia, focal cerebral ischemia, and multifocal cerebral ischemia. The model described in this protocol is based on the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and is related to the focal ischemia category. This technique produces consistent focal ischemia in a strictly defined region of the hemisphere and is less invasive than other methods. The procedure described is performed on mice, given the availability of several genetic variants and the high number of tests standardized for mice to aid in the behavioral and neurodeficit evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Bertrand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
| | - Levi Dygert
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education;
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Dixon BJ, Chen D, Zhang Y, Flores J, Malaguit J, Nowrangi D, Zhang JH, Tang J. Intranasal Administration of Interferon Beta Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis via the JAK1/STAT3/BCL-2 Pathway in a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. ASN Neuro 2016; 8:1759091416670492. [PMID: 27683877 PMCID: PMC5043595 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416670492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an injury that often leads to detrimental neurological deficits. Currently, there are no established therapies for HIE and it is critical to develop treatments that provide protection after HIE. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of interferon beta (IFNβ) to provide neuroprotection and reduce apoptosis after HIE. Postnatal Day 10 rat pups were subjected to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 hr of exposure to hypoxia (8% O2). Intranasal administration of human recombinant IFNβ occurred 2 hr after HIE and infarct volume, body weight, neurobehavioral tests, histology, immunohistochemistry, brain water content, blood-brain barrier permeability, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot were all used to evaluate various parameters. The results showed that both IFNβ and the Type 1 interferon receptor expression decreases after HIE. Intranasal administration of human recombinant IFNβ was able to be detected in the central nervous system and was able to reduce brain infarction volumes and improve neurological behavior tests 24 hr after HIE. Western blot analysis also revealed that human recombinant IFNβ treatment stimulated Stat3 and Bcl-2 expression leading to a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 expression after HIE. Positive Fluoro-Jade C staining also demonstrated that IFNβ treatment was able to decrease neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of IFNβ treatment were reversed when a Stat3 inhibitor was applied. Also an intraperitoneal administration of human recombinant IFNβ into the systemic compartment was unable to confer the same protective effects as intranasal IFNβ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Jerry Flores
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Jay Malaguit
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Derek Nowrangi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
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Armstead WM, Riley J, Yarovoi S, Higazi AAR, Cines DB. Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator-A296-299 Prevents Impairment of Cerebral Autoregulation After Stroke Through Lipoprotein-Related Receptor-Dependent Increase in cAMP and p38. Stroke 2016; 47:2096-102. [PMID: 27354223 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.012678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The sole Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for stroke is tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), but its brief therapeutic window and complications of treatment constrain its use. One limitation may be its potential to exacerbate impairment of cerebral autoregulation after stroke. Vasodilation is maintained by elevations in cAMP. However, cAMP levels fall after stroke because of overactivation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors by toxic levels of glutamate, an effect that is exacerbated by tPA. Binding of wild-type (wt) tPA to the low-density lipoprotein-related receptor (LRP) mediates dilation. We propose that binding of wt-tPA to N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor reduces cAMP and impairs vasodilation. We hypothesize that tPA-A(296-299), a variant that is fibrinolytic but cannot bind to N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, preferentially binds to LRP and increases cAMP and p38, limiting autoregulation impairment after stroke. METHODS Stroke was induced by photothrombosis in pigs equipped with a closed cranial window, cerebral blood flow determined by microspheres, and cerebrospinal fluid cAMP and p38 determined by ELISA. RESULTS Stroke decreased cerebral blood flow. Cerebral blood flow was reduced further during hypotension, indicating impairment of autoregulation. Autoregulation was further impaired by wt-tPA, which was prevented by MK801 and tPA-A(296-299). Protection by tPA-A(296-299) was blocked by anti-LRP Ab, the LRP antagonist receptor-associated protein, and the p38 inhibitor SB 203580, but not by control IgG. Stroke reduced cerebrospinal fluid cAMP, which was reduced further by wt-tPA, but augmented by tPA-A(296-299). Cerebrospinal fluid p38 was unchanged by wt-tPA, increased by tPA-A(296-299), and decreased by anti-LRP Ab and receptor-associated protein. CONCLUSIONS tPA-A(296-299) prevents impairment of cerebral autoregulation after stroke through an LRP-dependent increase in cAMP and p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Armstead
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (W.M.A., J.R.), Pharmacology (W.M.A.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.Y., A.A.-R.H., D.B.C.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel (A.A.-R.H.).
| | - John Riley
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (W.M.A., J.R.), Pharmacology (W.M.A.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.Y., A.A.-R.H., D.B.C.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel (A.A.-R.H.)
| | - Serge Yarovoi
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (W.M.A., J.R.), Pharmacology (W.M.A.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.Y., A.A.-R.H., D.B.C.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel (A.A.-R.H.)
| | - Abd Al-Roof Higazi
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (W.M.A., J.R.), Pharmacology (W.M.A.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.Y., A.A.-R.H., D.B.C.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel (A.A.-R.H.)
| | - Douglas B Cines
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (W.M.A., J.R.), Pharmacology (W.M.A.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.Y., A.A.-R.H., D.B.C.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel (A.A.-R.H.)
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Fang C, Wang K, Zeng C, Chi C, Shang W, Ye J, Mao Y, Fan Y, Yang J, Xiang N, Zeng N, Zhu W, Fang C, Tian J. Illuminating necrosis: From mechanistic exploration to preclinical application using fluorescence molecular imaging with indocyanine green. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21013. [PMID: 26864116 PMCID: PMC4749996 DOI: 10.1038/srep21013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue necrosis commonly accompanies the development of a wide range of serious diseases. Therefore, highly sensitive detection and precise boundary delineation of necrotic tissue via effective imaging techniques are crucial for clinical treatments; however, no imaging modalities have achieved satisfactory results to date. Although fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) shows potential in this regard, no effective necrosis-avid fluorescent probe has been developed for clinical applications. Here, we demonstrate that indocyanine green (ICG) can achieve high avidity of necrotic tissue owing to its interaction with lipoprotein (LP) and phospholipids. The mechanism was explored at the cellular and molecular levels through a series of in vitro studies. Detection of necrotic tissue and real-time image-guided surgery were successfully achieved in different organs of different animal models with the help of FMI using in house-designed imaging devices. The results indicated that necrotic tissue with a 0.6 mm diameter could be effectively detected with precise boundary definition. We believe that the new discovery and the associated imaging techniques will improve personalized and precise surgery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chaoting Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chongwei Chi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenting Shang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinzuo Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yamin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yingfang Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chihua Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, China
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