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Davidson CJ, Mascarin AT, Yahya MA, Rubio FJ, Gheidi A. Approaches and considerations of studying neuronal ensembles: a brief review. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1310724. [PMID: 38155864 PMCID: PMC10752959 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1310724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
First theorized by Hebb, neuronal ensembles have provided a framework for understanding how the mammalian brain operates, especially regarding learning and memory. Neuronal ensembles are discrete, sparsely distributed groups of neurons that become activated in response to a specific stimulus and are thought to provide an internal representation of the world. Beyond the study of region-wide or projection-wide activation, the study of ensembles offers increased specificity and resolution to identify and target specific memories or associations. Neuroscientists interested in the neurobiology of learning, memory, and motivated behavior have used electrophysiological-, calcium-, and protein-based proxies of neuronal activity in preclinical models to better understand the neurobiology of learned and motivated behaviors. Although these three approaches may be used to pursue the same general goal of studying neuronal ensembles, technical differences lead to inconsistencies in the output and interpretation of data. This mini-review highlights some of the methodologies used in electrophysiological-, calcium-, and protein-based studies of neuronal ensembles and discusses their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J. Davidson
- William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Alixandria T. Mascarin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Majd A. Yahya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - F. Javier Rubio
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program/National Institute on Drug Abuse/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ali Gheidi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University, Macon, GA, United States
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2
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Osanai H, Yamamoto J, Kitamura T. Extracting electromyographic signals from multi-channel LFPs using independent component analysis without direct muscular recording. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100482. [PMID: 37426755 PMCID: PMC10326347 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) has been commonly used for the precise identification of animal behavior. However, it is often not recorded together with in vivo electrophysiology due to the need for additional surgeries and setups and the high risk of mechanical wire disconnection. While independent component analysis (ICA) has been used to reduce noise from field potential data, there has been no attempt to proactively use the removed "noise," of which EMG signals are thought to be one of the major sources. Here, we demonstrate that EMG signals can be reconstructed without direct EMG recording using the "noise" ICA component from local field potentials. The extracted component is highly correlated with directly measured EMG, termed IC-EMG. IC-EMG is useful for measuring an animal's sleep/wake, freezing response, and non-rapid eye movement (NREM)/REM sleep states consistently with actual EMG. Our method has advantages in precise and long-term behavioral measurement in wide-ranging in vivo electrophysiology experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuki Osanai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Takashi Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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3
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Huang CS, Wang GH, Chuang HH, Chuang AY, Yeh JY, Lai YC, Yang YC. Conveyance of cortical pacing for parkinsonian tremor-like hyperkinetic behavior by subthalamic dysrhythmia. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109007. [PMID: 33882305 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by both hypokinetic and hyperkinetic symptoms. While increased subthalamic burst discharges have a direct causal relationship with the hypokinetic manifestations (e.g., rigidity and bradykinesia), the origin of the hyperkinetic symptoms (e.g., resting tremor and propulsive gait) has remained obscure. Neuronal burst discharges are presumed to be autonomous or less responsive to synaptic input, thereby interrupting the information flow. We, however, demonstrate that subthalamic burst discharges are dependent on cortical glutamatergic synaptic input, which is enhanced by A-type K+ channel inhibition. Excessive top-down-triggered subthalamic burst discharges then drive highly correlative activities bottom-up in the motor cortices and skeletal muscles. This leads to hyperkinetic behaviors such as tremors, which are effectively ameliorated by inhibition of cortico-subthalamic AMPAergic synaptic transmission. We conclude that subthalamic burst discharges play an imperative role in cortico-subcortical information relay, and they critically contribute to the pathogenesis of both hypokinetic and hyperkinetic parkinsonian symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Syuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hsun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hao Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Yeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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4
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Yamada K. In Vivo Microdialysis Method to Collect Large Extracellular Proteins from Brain Interstitial Fluid with High-molecular Weight Cut-off Probes. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30320744 DOI: 10.3791/57869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo microdialysis is a powerful technique to collect ISF from awake, freely-behaving animals based on a dialysis principle. While microdialysis is an established method that measures relatively small molecules including amino acids or neurotransmitters, it has been recently used to also assess dynamics of larger molecules in ISF using probes with high molecular weight cut off membranes. Upon using such probes, microdialysis has to be run in a push-pull mode to avoid pressure accumulated inside of the probes. This article provides step-by-step protocols including stereotaxic surgery and how to set up microdialysis lines to collect proteins from ISF. During microdialysis, drugs can be administered either systemically or by direct infusion into ISF. Reverse microdialysis is a technique to directly infuse compounds into ISF. Inclusion of drugs in the microdialysis perfusion buffer allows them to diffuse into ISF through the probes while simultaneously collecting ISF. By measuring tau protein as an example, the author shows how its levels are altered upon stimulating neuronal activity by reverse microdialysis of picrotoxin. Advantages and limitations of microdialysis are described along with the extended application by combining other in vivo methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yamada
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo;
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Leresche N, David F, Lambert RC. Un nouvel éclairage sur l’excitabilité thalamocorticale dans l’épilepsie-absence. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34:651-654. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20183408007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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David F, Çarçak N, Furdan S, Onat F, Gould T, Mészáros Á, Di Giovanni G, Hernández VM, Chan CS, Lőrincz ML, Crunelli V. Suppression of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel Function in Thalamocortical Neurons Prevents Genetically Determined and Pharmacologically Induced Absence Seizures. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6615-6627. [PMID: 29925625 PMCID: PMC6067077 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0896-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels and the Ih current they generate contribute to the pathophysiological mechanisms of absence seizures (ASs), but their precise role in neocortical and thalamic neuronal populations, the main components of the network underlying AS generation, remains controversial. In diverse genetic AS models, Ih amplitude is smaller in neocortical neurons and either larger or unchanged in thalamocortical (TC) neurons compared with nonepileptic strains. A lower expression of neocortical HCN subtype 1 channels is present in genetic AS-prone rats, and HCN subtype 2 knock-out mice exhibit ASs. Furthermore, whereas many studies have characterized Ih contribution to "absence-like" paroxysmal activity in vitro, no data are available on the specific role of cortical and thalamic HCN channels in behavioral seizures. Here, we show that the pharmacological block of HCN channels with the antagonist ZD7288 applied via reverse microdialysis in the ventrobasal thalamus (VB) of freely moving male Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg decreases TC neuron firing and abolishes spontaneous ASs. A similar effect is observed on γ-hydroxybutyric acid-elicited ASs in normal male Wistar rats. Moreover, thalamic knockdown of HCN channels via virally delivered shRNA into the VB of male Stargazer mice, another genetic AS model, decreases spontaneous ASs and Ih-dependent electrophysiological properties of VB TC neurons. These findings provide the first evidence that block of TC neuron HCN channels prevents ASs and suggest that any potential anti-absence therapy that targets HCN channels should carefully consider the opposite role for cortical and thalamic Ih in the modulation of absence seizures.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels play critical roles in the fine-tuning of cellular and network excitability and have been suggested to be a key element of the pathophysiological mechanism underlying absence seizures. However, the precise contribution of HCN channels in neocortical and thalamic neuronal populations to these nonconvulsive seizures is still controversial. In the present study, pharmacological block and genetic suppression of HCN channels in thalamocortical neurons in the ventrobasal thalamic nucleus leads to a marked reduction in absence seizures in one pharmacological and two genetic rodent models of absence seizures. These results provide the first evidence that block of TC neuron HCN channels prevents absence seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- François David
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom,
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292-INSERM U1028-Université Claude Bernard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Nihan Çarçak
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Szabina Furdan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Filiz Onat
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical 34452 Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul 81326, Turkey
| | - Timothy Gould
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Ádám Mészáros
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta, and
| | - Vivian M Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Robert H Lurie Medical Research Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - C Savio Chan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Robert H Lurie Medical Research Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Magor L Lőrincz
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Vincenzo Crunelli
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom,
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta, and
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McCafferty C, David F, Venzi M, Lőrincz ML, Delicata F, Atherton Z, Recchia G, Orban G, Lambert RC, Di Giovanni G, Leresche N, Crunelli V. Cortical drive and thalamic feed-forward inhibition control thalamic output synchrony during absence seizures. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:744-756. [PMID: 29662216 PMCID: PMC6278913 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Behaviorally and pathologically relevant cortico-thalamo-cortical oscillations are driven by diverse interacting cell-intrinsic and synaptic processes. However, the mechanism that gives rise to the paroxysmal oscillations of absence seizures (ASs) remains unknown. Here we report that, during ASs in behaving animals, cortico-thalamic excitation drives thalamic firing by preferentially eliciting tonic rather than T-type Ca 2+ channel (T-channel)-dependent burst firing in thalamocortical (TC) neurons and by temporally framing thalamic output via feedforward reticular thalamic (NRT)-to-TC neuron inhibition. In TC neurons, overall ictal firing was markedly reduced and bursts rarely occurred. Moreover, blockade of T-channels in cortical and NRT neurons suppressed ASs, but such blockade in TC neurons had no effect on seizures or on ictal thalamic output synchrony. These results demonstrate ictal bidirectional cortico-thalamic communications and provide the first mechanistic understanding of cortico-thalamo-cortical network firing dynamics during ASs in behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian McCafferty
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. .,Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - François David
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Team Waking, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Marcello Venzi
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Magor L Lőrincz
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Francis Delicata
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Zoe Atherton
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gregorio Recchia
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gergely Orban
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Régis C Lambert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Nathalie Leresche
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Crunelli
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. .,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
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Babiloni C, Del Percio C, Lizio R, Noce G, Lopez S, Soricelli A, Ferri R, Nobili F, Arnaldi D, Famà F, Aarsland D, Orzi F, Buttinelli C, Giubilei F, Onofrj M, Stocchi F, Stirpe P, Fuhr P, Gschwandtner U, Ransmayr G, Garn H, Fraioli L, Pievani M, Frisoni GB, D'Antonio F, De Lena C, Güntekin B, Hanoğlu L, Başar E, Yener G, Emek-Savaş DD, Triggiani AI, Franciotti R, Taylor JP, Vacca L, De Pandis MF, Bonanni L. Abnormalities of resting-state functional cortical connectivity in patients with dementia due to Alzheimer's and Lewy body diseases: an EEG study. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 65:18-40. [PMID: 29407464 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous evidence showed abnormal posterior sources of resting-state delta (<4 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) rhythms in patients with Alzheimer's disease with dementia (ADD), Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD), and Lewy body dementia (DLB), as cortical neural synchronization markers in quiet wakefulness. Here, we tested the hypothesis of additional abnormalities in functional cortical connectivity computed in those sources, in ADD, considered as a "disconnection cortical syndrome", in comparison with PDD and DLB. Resting-state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms had been collected in 42 ADD, 42 PDD, 34 DLB, and 40 normal healthy older (Nold) participants. Exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) freeware estimated the functional lagged linear connectivity (LLC) from rsEEG cortical sources in delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands. The area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve indexed the classification accuracy between Nold and diseased individuals (only values >0.7 were considered). Interhemispheric and intrahemispheric LLCs in widespread delta sources were abnormally higher in the ADD group and, unexpectedly, normal in DLB and PDD groups. Intrahemispheric LLC was reduced in widespread alpha sources dramatically in ADD, markedly in DLB, and moderately in PDD group. Furthermore, the interhemispheric LLC in widespread alpha sources showed lower values in ADD and DLB than PDD groups. At the individual level, AUROC curves of LLC in alpha sources exhibited better classification accuracies for the discrimination of ADD versus Nold individuals (0.84) than for DLB versus Nold participants (0.78) and PDD versus Nold participants (0.75). Functional cortical connectivity markers in delta and alpha sources suggest a more compromised neurophysiological reserve in ADD than DLB, at both group and individual levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Roberta Lizio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Noce
- Department of Integrated Imaging, IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Lopez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- Department of Integrated Imaging, IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy; Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU S Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Arnaldi
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU S Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Famà
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU S Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College University, London, UK
| | - Francesco Orzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Buttinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Giubilei
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences and CESI, University G d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Stirpe
- Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Fuhr
- Universitätsspital Basel, Abteilung Neurophysiologie, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ute Gschwandtner
- Universitätsspital Basel, Abteilung Neurophysiologie, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Ransmayr
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry and Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, General Hospital of the City of Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Heinrich Garn
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michela Pievani
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Memory Clinic and LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizia D'Antonio
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo De Lena
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bahar Güntekin
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoğlu
- Department of Neurology, University of Istanbul-Medipol, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erol Başar
- IBG, Departments of Neurology and Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Görsev Yener
- IBG, Departments of Neurology and Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Derya Durusu Emek-Savaş
- Department of Psychology and Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Raffaella Franciotti
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences and CESI, University G d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Laura Vacca
- Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy; Casa di Cura Privata del Policlinico (CCPP) Milano SpA, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences and CESI, University G d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Jha MK, Kim JH, Song GJ, Lee WH, Lee IK, Lee HW, An SSA, Kim S, Suk K. Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins: Implications in brain health and diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 162:37-69. [PMID: 29247683 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes, which are homeostatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS), display remarkable heterogeneity in their morphology and function. Besides their physical and metabolic support to neurons, astrocytes modulate the blood-brain barrier, regulate CNS synaptogenesis, guide axon pathfinding, maintain brain homeostasis, affect neuronal development and plasticity, and contribute to diverse neuropathologies via secreted proteins. The identification of astrocytic proteome and secretome profiles has provided new insights into the maintenance of neuronal health and survival, the pathogenesis of brain injury, and neurodegeneration. Recent advances in proteomics research have provided an excellent catalog of astrocyte-secreted proteins. This review categorizes astrocyte-secreted proteins and discusses evidence that astrocytes play a crucial role in neuronal activity and brain function. An in-depth understanding of astrocyte-secreted proteins and their pathways is pivotal for the development of novel strategies for restoring brain homeostasis, limiting brain injury/inflammation, counteracting neurodegeneration, and obtaining functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Huang CS, Wang GH, Tai CH, Hu CC, Yang YC. Antiarrhythmics cure brain arrhythmia: The imperativeness of subthalamic ERG K + channels in parkinsonian discharges. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602272. [PMID: 28508055 PMCID: PMC5425237 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ERG K+ channels have long been known to play a crucial role in shaping cardiac action potentials and, thus, appropriate heart rhythms. The functional role of ERG channels in the central nervous system, however, remains elusive. We demonstrated that ERG channels exist in subthalamic neurons and have similar gating characteristics to those in the heart. ERG channels contribute crucially not only to the setting of membrane potential and, consequently, the firing modes, but also to the configuration of burst discharges and, consequently, the firing frequency and automaticity of the subthalamic neurons. Moreover, modulation of subthalamic discharges via ERG channels effectively modulates locomotor behaviors. ERG channel inhibitors ameliorate parkinsonian symptoms, whereas enhancers render normal animals hypokinetic. Thus, ERG K+ channels could be vital to the regulation of both cardiac and neuronal rhythms and may constitute an important pathophysiological basis and pharmacotherapeutic target for the growing list of neurological disorders related to "brain arrhythmias."
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Syuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hsun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hwei Tai
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chang Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Jensen KHR, Berg RW. CLARITY-compatible lipophilic dyes for electrode marking and neuronal tracing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32674. [PMID: 27597115 PMCID: PMC5011694 DOI: 10.1038/srep32674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent lipophilic dyes, such as DiI, stain cellular membranes and are used extensively for retrograde/anterograde labeling of neurons as well as for marking the position of extracellular electrodes after electrophysiology. Convenient histological clearing techniques, such as CLARITY, enable immunostaining and imaging of large volumes for 3D-reconstruction. However, such clearing works by removing lipids and, as an unintended consequence, also removes lipophilic dyes. To remedy this wash-out, the molecular structure of the dye can be altered to adhere to both membranes and proteins so the dye remains in the tissue after lipid–clearing. Nevertheless, the capacity of such modified dyes to remain in tissue has not yet been tested. Here, we test dyes with molecular modifications that make them aldehyde-fixable to proteins. We use three Dil–analogue dyes, CM-DiI, SP-DiI and FM 1–43FX that are modified to be CLARITY-compatible candidates. We use the challenging adult, myelin-rich spinal cord tissue, which requires prolonged lipid–clearing, of rats and mice. All three dyes remained in the tissue after lipid–clearing, but CM-DiI had the sharpest and FM 1–43FX the strongest fluorescent signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian H R Jensen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Rune W Berg
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
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Cholinergic Neurons in the Basal Forebrain Promote Wakefulness by Actions on Neighboring Non-Cholinergic Neurons: An Opto-Dialysis Study. J Neurosci 2016; 36:2057-67. [PMID: 26865627 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3318-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Understanding the control of sleep-wake states by the basal forebrain (BF) poses a challenge due to the intermingled presence of cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons. All three BF neuronal subtypes project to the cortex and are implicated in cortical arousal and sleep-wake control. Thus, nonspecific stimulation or inhibition studies do not reveal the roles of these different neuronal types. Recent studies using optogenetics have shown that "selective" stimulation of BF cholinergic neurons increases transitions between NREM sleep and wakefulness, implicating cholinergic projections to cortex in wake promotion. However, the interpretation of these optogenetic experiments is complicated by interactions that may occur within the BF. For instance, a recent in vitro study from our group found that cholinergic neurons strongly excite neighboring GABAergic neurons, including the subset of cortically projecting neurons, which contain the calcium-binding protein, parvalbumin (PV) (Yang et al., 2014). Thus, the wake-promoting effect of "selective" optogenetic stimulation of BF cholinergic neurons could be mediated by local excitation of GABA/PV or other non-cholinergic BF neurons. In this study, using a newly designed opto-dialysis probe to couple selective optical stimulation with simultaneous in vivo microdialysis, we demonstrated that optical stimulation of cholinergic neurons locally increased acetylcholine levels and increased wakefulness in mice. Surprisingly, the enhanced wakefulness caused by cholinergic stimulation was abolished by simultaneous reverse microdialysis of cholinergic receptor antagonists into BF. Thus, our data suggest that the wake-promoting effect of cholinergic stimulation requires local release of acetylcholine in the basal forebrain and activation of cortically projecting, non-cholinergic neurons, including the GABAergic/PV neurons. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Optogenetics is a revolutionary tool to assess the roles of particular groups of neurons in behavioral functions, such as control of sleep and wakefulness. However, the interpretation of optogenetic experiments requires knowledge of the effects of stimulation on local neurotransmitter levels and effects on neighboring neurons. Here, using a novel "opto-dialysis" probe to couple optogenetics and in vivo microdialysis, we report that optical stimulation of basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons in mice increases local acetylcholine levels and wakefulness. Reverse microdialysis of cholinergic antagonists within BF prevents the wake-promoting effect. This important result challenges the prevailing dictum that BF cholinergic projections to cortex directly control wakefulness and illustrates the utility of "opto-dialysis" for dissecting the complex brain circuitry underlying behavior.
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Venzi M, David F, Bellet J, Cavaccini A, Bombardi C, Crunelli V, Di Giovanni G. Role for serotonin2A (5-HT2A) and 2C (5-HT2C) receptors in experimental absence seizures. Neuropharmacology 2016; 108:292-304. [PMID: 27085605 PMCID: PMC4920646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Absence seizures (ASs) are the hallmark of childhood/juvenile absence epilepsy. Monotherapy with first-line anti-absence drugs only controls ASs in 50% of patients, indicating the need for novel therapeutic targets. Since serotonin family-2 receptors (5-HT2Rs) are known to modulate neuronal activity in the cortico-thalamo-cortical loop, the main network involved in AS generation, we investigated the effect of selective 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR ligands on ASs in the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), a well established polygenic rat model of these non-convulsive seizures. GAERS rats were implanted with fronto-parietal EEG electrodes under general anesthesia, and their ASs were later recorded under freely moving conditions before and after intraperitoneal administration of various 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR ligands. The 5-HT2A agonist TCB-2 dose-dependently decreased the total time spent in ASs, an effect that was blocked by the selective 5-HT2A antagonist MDL11,939. Both MDL11,939 and another selective 5-HT2A antagonist (M100,907) increased the length of individual seizures when injected alone. The 5-HT2C agonists lorcaserin and CP-809,101 dose-dependently suppressed ASs, an effect blocked by the selective 5-HT2C antagonist SB 242984. In summary, 5-HT2ARs and 5-HT2CRs negatively control the expression of experimental ASs, indicating that selective agonists at these 5-HT2R subtypes might be potential novel anti-absence drugs. 5-HT2AR activation decreases absence seizures in GAERS. 5-HT2CR activation decreases absence seizures in GAERS. 5-HT2AR blockade increases absence seizures in GAERS. 5-HT2CR blockade does not affect absence seizures in GAERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Venzi
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - François David
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Joachim Bellet
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anna Cavaccini
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Cristiano Bombardi
- University of Bologna, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Crunelli
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Malta.
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Malta.
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Senkov O, Mironov A, Dityatev A. A novel versatile hybrid infusion-multielectrode recording (HIME) system for acute drug delivery and multisite acquisition of neuronal activity in freely moving mice. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:425. [PMID: 26594144 PMCID: PMC4633504 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize information transfer in defined brain circuits involving multiple brain regions and to evaluate underlying molecular mechanisms and their dysregulation in major brain diseases, a simple and reliable system is ultimately required for electrophysiological recording of local field potentials (LFPs, or local EEG) in combination with local delivery of drugs, enzymes and gene expression-controlling viruses near the place of recording. Here we provide a new design of a versatile reusable hybrid infusion-recording (HIME) system which can be utilized in freely moving mice performing cognitive tasks. The HIME system allows monitoring neuronal activity in multiple layers in several brain structures. Here, we provide examples of bilateral injection and recordings of full spectrum of learning and memory related oscillations, i.e., theta (4-12 Hz), gamma (40-100) and ripple activity (130-150 Hz), in five hippocampal layers as well as in the CA1 and CA2 regions. Furthermore, the system is designed to be used for parallel recordings in the amygdala, cortex and other brain areas, before and after infusion of reagents of interest, either in or off a cognitive test. We anticipate that the HIME system can be particularly convenient to advance functional neuroglycobiological studies and molecular deciphering of mechanisms governing long-term memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Senkov
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Mironov
- Neurotechnologies Department, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod, Russia ; Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen Magdeburg, Germany ; Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Güricke-Universität Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
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15
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Crunelli V, David F, Lőrincz ML, Hughes SW. The thalamocortical network as a single slow wave-generating unit. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2015; 31:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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