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Anderson CJ, Cadeddu R, Anderson DN, Huxford JA, VanLuik ER, Odeh K, Pittenger C, Pulst SM, Bortolato M. A novel naïve Bayes approach to identifying grooming behaviors in the force-plate actometric platform. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 403:110026. [PMID: 38029972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-grooming behavior in rodents serves as a valuable behavioral index for investigating stereotyped and perseverative responses. Most current grooming analyses rely on video observation, which lacks standardization, efficiency, and quantitative information about force. To address these limitations, we developed an automated paradigm to analyze grooming using a force-plate actometer. NEW METHOD Grooming behavior is quantified by calculating ratios of relevant movement power spectral bands. These ratios are input into a naïve Bayes classifier, trained with manual video observations. The effectiveness of this method was tested using CIN-d mice, an animal model developed through early-life depletion of striatal cholinergic interneurons (CIN-d) and featuring prolonged grooming responses to acute stressors. Behavioral monitoring was simultaneously conducted on the force-place actometer and by video recording. RESULTS The naïve Bayes approach achieved 93.7% accurate classification and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.894. We confirmed that male CIN-d mice displayed significantly longer grooming durations than controls. However, this elevation was not correlated with increases in grooming force. Notably, the dopaminergic antagonist haloperidol reduced grooming force and duration. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS In contrast to observation-based approaches, our method affords rapid, unbiased, and automated assessment of grooming duration, frequency, and force. CONCLUSIONS Our novel approach enables fast and accurate automated detection of grooming behaviors. This method holds promise for high-throughput assessments of grooming stereotypies in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J Anderson
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Roberto Cadeddu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Daria Nesterovich Anderson
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Job A Huxford
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Easton R VanLuik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karen Odeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christopher Pittenger
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Brain and Mind Health, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Du JC, Chang MH, Yeh CJ, Lee MT, Lee HJ, Chuang SH, Chiou LC. Pivotal Role of Slitrk1 in Adult Striatal Cholinergic Neurons in Mice: Implication in Tourette Syndrome. Ann Neurol 2023. [PMID: 37776102 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The SLIT and NTRK-like 1 (SLITRK1) gene mutation and striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) loss are associated with Tourette syndrome (TS). ChIs comprise only 1 to 2% of striatal neurons but project widely throughout the stratum to impact various striatal neurotransmission, including TS-related dopaminergic transmission. Here, we link striatal Slitrk1, ChI function, and dopaminergic transmission and their associations with TS-like tic behaviors. METHODS Slitrk1-KD mice were induced by bilaterally injecting Slitrk1 siRNA into their dorsal striatum. Control mice received scrambled siRNA injection. Their TS-like tic behaviors, prepulse inhibition, sensory-motor function and dopamine-related behaviors were compared. We also compared dopamine and ACh levels in microdialysates, Slitrk protein and dopamine transporter levels, and numbers of Slitrk-positive ChIs and activated ChIs in the striatum between two mouse groups, and electrophysiological properties between Slitrk-positive and Slitrk-negative striatal ChIs. RESULTS Slitrk1-KD mice exhibit TS-like haloperidol-sensitive stereotypic tic behaviors, impaired prepulse inhibition, and delayed sensorimotor response compared with the control group. These TS-like characteristics correlate with lower striatal Slitrk1 protein levels, fewer Slitrk1-containing ChIs, and fewer activated ChIs in Slitrk1-KD mice. Based on their electrophysiological properties, Slitrk1-negative ChIs are less excitable than Slitrk1-positive ChIs. Slitrk1-KD mice have lower evoked acetylcholine and dopamine levels, higher tonic dopamine levels, and downregulated dopamine transporters in the striatum, increased apomorphine-induced climbing behaviors, and impaired methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion compared with controls. INTERPRETATION Slitrk1 is pivotal in maintaining striatal ChIs activity and subsequent dopaminergic transmission for normal motor functioning. Furthermore, conditional striatal Slitrk1-KD mice may serve as a translational modality with aspects of TS phenomenology. ANN NEUROL 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chieh Du
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hsin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jiun Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Tatt Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center of Research for Mental Health and Wellbeing, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hsin-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Chuang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Anderson CJ, Cadeddu R, Anderson DN, Huxford JA, VanLuik ER, Odeh K, Pittenger C, Pulst SM, Bortolato M. A novel naïve Bayes approach to identifying grooming behaviors in the force-plate actometric platform. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.08.548198. [PMID: 37503098 PMCID: PMC10369919 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.08.548198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Self-grooming behavior in rodents serves as a valuable model for investigating stereotyped and perseverative responses. Most current grooming analyses primarily rely on video observation, which lacks standardization, efficiency, and quantitative information about force. To address these limitations, we developed an automated paradigm to analyze grooming using a force-plate actometer. New Method Grooming behavior is quantified by calculating ratios of relevant movement power spectral bands. These ratios are then input into a naïve Bayes classifier, trained with manual video observations. To validate the effectiveness of this method, we applied it to the behavioral analysis of the early-life striatal cholinergic interneuron depletion (CIN-d) mouse, a model of tic pathophysiology recently developed in our laboratory, which exhibits prolonged grooming responses to acute stressors. Behavioral monitoring was simultaneously conducted on the force-place actometer and by video recording. Results The naïve Bayes approach achieved 93.7% accurate classification and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.894. We confirmed that male CIN-d mice displayed significantly longer grooming durations compared to controls. However, this elevation was not correlated with increases in grooming force. Notably, haloperidol, a benchmark therapy for tic disorders, reduced both grooming force and duration. Comparison with Existing Methods In contrast to observation-based approaches, our method affords rapid, unbiased, and automated assessment of grooming duration, frequency, and force. Conclusions Our novel approach enables fast and accurate automated detection of grooming behaviors. This method holds promise for high-throughput assessments of grooming stereotypies in animal models of tic disorders and other psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J Anderson
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Roberto Cadeddu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Daria Nesterovich Anderson
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Job A Huxford
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Easton R VanLuik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karen Odeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christopher Pittenger
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Brain and Mind Health, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Zarcone TJ. Neuroscience and Actometry: an example of the benefits of the precise measurement of behavior. Brain Res Bull 2022; 185:86-90. [PMID: 35472566 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assess the impact the force-plate actometer, invented by Stephen C. Fowler, has had on behavioral neuroscience so far and what may be possible for future progress. METHODS The web service Scopus was queried on April 28, 2021 for articles that cited the Journal of Neuroscience Methods paper titled "A force-plate actometer for quantitating rodent behaviors: illustrative data on locomotion, rotation, spatial patterning, stereotypies, and tremor" resulting in 134 articles. Articles were coded by the author for type (e.g., research, review, book chapter), phenomenon (e.g., stress, addiction), intervention (e.g., pharmacological), and measure (e.g., distance traveled, tremor). CONCLUSIONS Of the 134 citations, 116 were research articles, 10 were review articles, 7 were book chapters and one was an advertisement. The force-plate actometer has been used to study a variety of phenomena and its measurement capabilities were expanded. While primarily used for rats and mice, other species have been used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy J Zarcone
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, 301 North Stonestreet Ave, Bethesda, MD 20892.
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Assays of Tongue Force, Timing, and Dynamics in Rat and Mouse Models. Brain Res Bull 2022; 185:49-55. [PMID: 35469932 PMCID: PMC10187612 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Communication and swallowing are highly complex sensorimotor events that are tightly linked to respiration and vital to health and well-being. The tongue is a complex organ, often described as a muscular hydrostat, that is crucial for maintaining airway patency, preparing and safely transporting food/liquid, and rapidly changing position and shape for speech. As with any complex behavior, tongue function can be compromised with aging, diseases/conditions, trauma, or as a pharmacologic side effect. As such, modeling lingual function and dysfunction for basic and translational research is paramount; understanding how the nervous system controls tongue function for complex behavior is foundational to this work. Non-invasive access to tongue tissues and kinematics during awake behavior has been historically challenging, creating a critical need to measure tongue function in model systems. Germane to this field of study are the instruments and assays of licking/lapping and drinking, including tongue force and timing measures, many of which were designed or modified by Dr. Stephen C. Fowler. The focus of this paper is to review some of the important contributions of measuring tongue behaviors in awake rats and mice and how these have been modified by other researchers to advance translational science.
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Maltsev DV, Spasov AA, Yakovlev DS, Vassiliev PM, Skripka MO, Miroshnikov MV, Sultanova KT, Kochetkov AN, Divaeva LN, Kuzmenko TA, Morkovnik AS. Searching for new anxiolytic agents among derivatives of 11-dialkylaminoethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodiazepino[1,2-a]benzimidazole. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 161:105792. [PMID: 33705965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A study on the anxiolytic activity of the new derivatives of 11-dialkylaminoethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodiazepino[1,2-a]benzimidazole, containing privileged scaffolds of benzodiazepine and benzimidazole in their structure, was conducted. The cytotoxic properties of low levels of six compounds were preliminary determined in vitro using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide test. The screening of these substances for anxiolytic activity was conducted using elevated plus maze (EPM) test in vivo, and DAB-21 was found to be the most active compound. The acute toxicity of DAB-21 was determined as less toxic than that of diazepam. The dose-dependent effect of the most active compound revealed a minimum dose of 1.26 mg/kg, which resulted in the maximum counterphobic effect. The effect of DAB-21 was superior in a number of tests compared with that of diazepam, which indicated a high level of tranquilizing activity for DAB-21. The results of in silico docking analysis suggest that DAB-21 should have a slightly lower anxiolytic activity than diazepam, but should exhibit greater specific affinity for the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor, in comparison with its GABA-binding site. The interaction between DAB-21 and flumazenil in terms of EPM verifies the GABAergic mechanism of action of DAB-21. Our results highlight the potential of 11-dialkylaminomethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodiazepino[1,2-a]benzimidazoles as promising compounds in the search for new highly effective anxiolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Maltsev
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia; Volgograd Medical Research Center; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Spasov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia; Volgograd Medical Research Center; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Dmitriy S Yakovlev
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia; Volgograd Medical Research Center; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Pavel M Vassiliev
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Maria O Skripka
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Miroshnikov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Kira T Sultanova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia; Volgograd Medical Research Center; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Andrey N Kochetkov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics; 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russia
| | - Lyudmila N Divaeva
- Southern Federal University, Research Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry; 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya str., Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Kuzmenko
- Southern Federal University, Research Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry; 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya str., Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Anatolii S Morkovnik
- Southern Federal University, Research Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry; 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya str., Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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Conditional knockout of UBC13 produces disturbances in gait and spontaneous locomotion and exploration in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4379. [PMID: 30867488 PMCID: PMC6416404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we have characterized the functional impairments resulting from conditional knockout of the ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme (UBC13) in rodent cerebellar granule neurons, which greatly increases the parallel fiber presynaptic boutons and functional parallel fiber/Purkinje cell synapses. We report that conditional UBC13 knockout mice exhibit reliable deficits on several gait-related variables when their velocity of ambulation is tightly controlled by a moving treadmill and by restricting space for movement. Selected gait parameters and movement patterns related to spontaneous exploration in an open field may also be affected in conditional UBC13 knockout mice. Analysis of open-field data as a function of test session half using force-plate actometer instrumentation suggest that conditional UBC13 knockout mice have alterations in emotionality, possibly affecting gait and movement variables. These findings suggest that conditional UBC13 knockout mice represent a valuable platform for assessing the effects of disturbances in cerebellar granule cell circuitry on gait and other aspects of locomotion. Also, the possibility that psychological factors such as altered emotionality may impact gait and movement patterns in these mice suggest that these mice may provide a useful model for evaluating analogous behavioral impairments in autism spectrum disorders and other neurodevelopmental syndromes associated with deregulation of ubiquitin signaling.
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Abstract
This is the fourth yearly article in the Tourette Syndrome Research Highlights series, summarizing research from 2017 relevant to Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. The authors briefly summarize reports they consider most important or interesting. The highlights from 2018 article is being drafted on the Authorea online authoring platform, and readers are encouraged to add references or give feedback on our selections using the comments feature on that page. After the calendar year ends, the article is submitted as the annual update for the Tics collection on F1000Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hartmann
- Sorbonne University, National Reference Centre for Tourette Disorder, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Sorbonne University, National Reference Centre for Tourette Disorder, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Physiology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Kevin J. Black
- Psychiatry, Neurology, Radiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
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O'Brien KB, Sharrief AZ, Nordstrom EJ, Travanty AJ, Huynh M, Romero MP, Bittner KC, Bowser MT, Burton FH. Biochemical markers of striatal desensitization in cortical-limbic hyperglutamatergic TS- & OCD-like transgenic mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 89:11-20. [PMID: 29481900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tics and compulsions in comorbid Tourette's syndrome (TS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are associated with chronic hyperactivity of parallel cortico/amygdalo-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loop circuits. Comorbid TS- & OCD-like behaviors have likewise been observed in D1CT-7 mice, in which an artificial neuropotentiating transgene encoding the cAMP-elevating intracellular subunit of cholera toxin (CT) is chronically expressed selectively in somatosensory cortical & amygdalar dopamine (DA) D1 receptor-expressing neurons that activate cortico/amygdalo-striatal glutamate (GLU) output. We've now examined in D1CT-7 mice whether the chronic GLU output from their potentiated cortical/limbic CSTC subcircuit afferents associated with TS- & OCD-like behaviors elicits desensitizing neurochemical changes in the striatum (STR). Microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis and in situ hybridization reveal that the mice's chronic GLU-excited STR exhibits pharmacodynamic changes in three independently GLU-regulated measures of output neuron activation, co-excitation, and desensitization, signifying hyperactive striatal CSTC output and compensatory striatal glial and neuronal desensitization: 1) Striatal GABA, an output neurotransmitter induced by afferent GLU, is increased. 2) Striatal d-serine, a glial excitatory co-transmitter inhibited by afferent GLU, is decreased. 3) Striatal Period1 (Per1), which plays a non-circadian role in the STR as a GLU + DA D1- (cAMP-) dependent repressor thought to feedback-inhibit GLU + DA- triggered ultradian urges and motions, is transcriptionally abolished. These data imply that chronic cortical/limbic GLU excitation of the STR desensitizes its co-excitatory d-serine & DA inputs while freezing its GABA output in an active state to mediate chronic tics and compulsions - possibly in part by abolishing striatal Per1-dependent ultradian extinction of urges and motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 139 Smith Hall, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Anjail Z Sharrief
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Clark Science Center, 1 College Lane, Sabin-Reed 429, Northampton, MA 01063, USA
| | - Eric J Nordstrom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455-0217, USA; Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 Park Ave, Shapiro S3.111, Minneapolis MN 55415-1623 USA
| | - Anthony J Travanty
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455-0217, USA
| | - Mailee Huynh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455-0217, USA; Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 Park Ave, Shapiro S3.111, Minneapolis MN 55415-1623 USA
| | - Megan P Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455-0217, USA; Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 Park Ave, Shapiro S3.111, Minneapolis MN 55415-1623 USA
| | - Katie C Bittner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455-0217, USA
| | - Michael T Bowser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 139 Smith Hall, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Frank H Burton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis MN 55455-0217, USA; Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 Park Ave, Shapiro S3.111, Minneapolis MN 55415-1623 USA.
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10
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Santangelo A, Bortolato M, Mosher LJ, Crescimanno G, Di Giovanni G, Cassioli E, Ricca V, Casarrubea M. Behavioral fragmentation in the D1CT-7 mouse model of Tourette's syndrome. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:703-711. [PMID: 29314714 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The transgenic D1CT-7 mouse is one of the best-characterized animal models of Tourette's syndrome (TS), exhibiting spontaneous tic-like Head-Body Twitches (HBT) and deficits in sensorimotor gating. This study is aimed at evaluating the behavioral dynamics of these mutants and their potential relevance to TS. METHODS The behavior of D1CT-7 and Wild Type littermates was firstly assessed by considering frequencies and durations. To detect recurrent real-time behavioral sequences, the multivariate T-pattern analysis was employed. Analyses of transition probabilities among behaviors further provided an overall picture of the behavioral dynamics. RESULTS T-patterns and transition matrices revealed in D1CT-7 mice a clear-cut hyperactivity compared to controls, with a lower behavioral organization and a marked shift from cautious sniffing toward locomotion. Moreover, the behavioral patterns of the transgenic mice were pervasively disturbed by intrusive tic-like HBT leading to a marked fragmentation of the behavior. Novel exposure to open field provoked a transient inhibitory control over the disrupting phenotype. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that the D1CT-7 mouse model is subjected to a behavioral fragmentation, with repercussions going beyond the simple tic-like phenomenon. These phenotypes are strikingly akin to behavioral problems observed in patients with TS and further validate the power of this model in summarizing pivotal behavioral aspects of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santangelo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Laura J Mosher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Giuseppe Crescimanno
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Human Physiology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarrubea
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Human Physiology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Allopregnanolone mediates the exacerbation of Tourette-like responses by acute stress in mouse models. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3348. [PMID: 28611376 PMCID: PMC5469807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by multiple tics and sensorimotor abnormalities, the severity of which is typically increased by stress. The neurobiological underpinnings of this exacerbation, however, remain elusive. We recently reported that spatial confinement (SC), a moderate environmental stressor, increases tic-like responses and elicits TS-like sensorimotor gating deficits in the D1CT-7 mouse, one of the best-validated models of TS. Here, we hypothesized that these adverse effects may be mediated by neurosteroids, given their well-documented role in stress-response orchestration. Indeed, SC increased the levels of progesterone, as well as its derivatives 5α-dihydroprogesterone and allopregnanolone, in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of D1CT-7 mice. Among these steroids, however, only allopregnanolone (5-15 mg/kg, IP) dose-dependently exacerbated TS-like manifestations in D1CT-7, but not wild-type littermates; these effects were countered by the benchmark anti-tic therapy haloperidol (0.3 mg/kg, IP). Furthermore, the phenotypic effects of spatial confinement in D1CT-7 mice were suppressed by finasteride (25-50 mg/kg, IP), an inhibitor of the main rate-limiting enzyme in allopregnanolone synthesis. These findings collectively suggest that stress may exacerbate TS symptoms by promoting allopregnanolone synthesis in the PFC, and corroborate previous clinical results pointing to finasteride as a novel therapeutic avenue to curb symptom fluctuations in TS.
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Akkhawattanangkul Y, Maiti P, Xue Y, Aryal D, Wetsel WC, Hamilton D, Fowler SC, McDonald MP. Targeted deletion of GD3 synthase protects against MPTP-induced neurodegeneration. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 16:522-536. [PMID: 28239983 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition for which there is no cure. Converging evidence implicates gangliosides in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting a potential new class of therapeutic targets. We have shown that interventions that simultaneously increase the neuroprotective GM1 ganglioside and decrease the pro-apoptotic GD3 ganglioside - such as inhibition of GD3 synthase (GD3S) or administration of sialidase - are neuroprotective in vitro and in a number of preclinical models. In this study, we investigated the effects of GD3S deletion on parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP was administered to GD3S-/- mice or controls using a subchronic regimen consisting of three series of low-dose injections (11 mg/kg/day × 5 days each, 3 weeks apart), and motor function was assessed after each. The typical battery of tests used to assess parkinsonism failed to detect deficits in MPTP-treated mice. More sensitive measures - such as the force-plate actimeter and treadmill gait parameters - detected subtle effects of MPTP, some of which were absent in mice lacking GD3S. In wild-type mice, MPTP destroyed 53% of the tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and reduced striatal dopamine 60.7%. In contrast, lesion size was only 22.5% in GD3S-/- mice and striatal dopamine was reduced by 37.2%. Stereological counts of Nissl-positive SNc neurons that did not express TH suggest that neuroprotection was complete but TH expression was suppressed in some cells. These results show that inhibition of GD3S has neuroprotective properties in the MPTP model and may warrant further investigation as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Akkhawattanangkul
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - P Maiti
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Y Xue
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - D Aryal
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - W C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D Hamilton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S C Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - M P McDonald
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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