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Late-Stage Glioma Is Associated with Deleterious Alteration of Gut Bacterial Metabolites in Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040290. [PMID: 35448477 PMCID: PMC9028041 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-gut axis refers to the bidirectional functional connection between the brain and the gut, which sustains vital functions for vertebrates. This connection also underlies the gastrointestinal (GI) comorbidities associated with brain disorders. Using a mouse model of glioma, based on the orthotopic injection of GL261 cell line in syngeneic C57BL6 mice, we show that late-stage glioma is associated with GI functional alteration and with a shift in the level of some bacterial metabolites in the cecum. By performing cecal content transfer experiments, we further show that cancer-associated alteration in cecal metabolites is involved in end-stage disease progression. Antibiotic treatment results in a slight but significant delay in mice death and a shift in the proportion of myeloid cells in the brain tumor environment. This work rationally considers microbiota modulating strategies in the clinical management of patients with late-stage glioma.
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Sedgwick AJ, Ghazanfari N, Constantinescu P, Mantamadiotis T, Barrow AD. The Role of NK Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells in Brain Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1549. [PMID: 32903717 PMCID: PMC7438769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is considered an immune privileged site due to the high selectivity of the blood-brain barrier which restricts the passage of molecules and cells into the brain parenchyma. Recent studies have highlighted active immunosurveillance mechanisms in the brain. Here we review emerging evidence for the contribution of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) including natural killer (NK) cells to the immunosurveillance of brain cancers focusing on glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive and most common malignant primary brain tumors diagnosed in adults. Moreover, we discuss how the local tissue microenvironment and unique cellular interactions influence ILC functions in the brain and how these interactions might be successfully harnessed for cancer immunotherapy using insights gained from the studies of autoimmunity, aging, and CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander James Sedgwick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne and The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nazanin Ghazanfari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne and The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick Constantinescu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne and The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne and The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander David Barrow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne and The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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3
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Tang W, Fan W, Lau J, Deng L, Shen Z, Chen X. Emerging blood–brain-barrier-crossing nanotechnology for brain cancer theranostics. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2967-3014. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The advancements, perspectives, and challenges in blood–brain-barrier (BBB)-crossing nanotechnology for effective brain tumor delivery and highly efficient brain cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Wenpei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Joseph Lau
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Liming Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Zheyu Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
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4
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O'Higgins C, Ward FJ, Abu Eid R. Deciphering the Role of Regulatory CD4 T Cells in Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2018; 8:442. [PMID: 30460193 PMCID: PMC6232931 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recruiting regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) into the tumor microenvironment is an important tumor escape mechanism. Diminishing these suppressive cells is therefore one of the targets of cancer immunotherapy. Selective depletion of Tregs has proven successful in enhancing anti-tumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy in multiple tumor types. However, the role of Tregs in oral/oropharyngeal cancers is unclear with conflicting evidence regarding the effect of these suppressive cells on tumor prognosis. In this study, we sought to review the role of Tregs in oral/oropharyngeal cancer with the aim of deciphering the controversy regarding their effect on tumor progression and prognosis. Methods: A systematic review of the literature pertaining to the role of Tregs in oral/oropharyngeal cancer was performed using Scopus, Embase, and PubMed. Forty-five records were deemed eligible and data describing methodology of Treg detection, tumor type, and association with prognosis were extracted. Results: Of the 45 eligible manuscripts accepted for this systematic review, thirty-nine studies reported data from human subjects while the remaining studies focused on animal models. Sixteen studies were carried out using peripheral blood samples, while samples from the tumor site were analyzed in 18 studies and 11 studies assessed both blood and tumor samples. The transcriptional factor, Foxp3, was the most commonly used marker for Treg identification (38/45). The findings of 25 studies suggested that an increase in Tregs in the tumor microenvironment and/or peripheral blood was associated with poorer prognosis. These conclusions were attributed to the suppression of immune responses and the consequent tumor progression. Conversely, nine studies showed an increase in Tregs in peripheral blood and/or tumor microenvironment was related to a favorable prognosis, particularly in the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV), the status of which was only assessed in 11 studies. Conclusions: This review underlines the importance of host immunity in the behavior of oral/oropharyngeal cancer. Furthermore, we report an apparent lack of clarity regarding the true role Tregs play in oral/oropharyngeal cancer progression which could be attributed to inconsistent detection techniques of Tregs. Our results therefore highlight the need for clearer methodologies and more robust phenotyping when defining Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhín O'Higgins
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Frank J Ward
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Rasha Abu Eid
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.,Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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5
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Jarry U, Joalland N, Chauvin C, Clemenceau B, Pecqueur C, Scotet E. Stereotactic Adoptive Transfer of Cytotoxic Immune Cells in Murine Models of Orthotopic Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30222164 DOI: 10.3791/57870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive primary brain cancer in adults, is generally associated with a poor prognosis, and scarce efficient therapies have been proposed over the last decade. Among the promising candidates for designing novel therapeutic strategies, cellular immunotherapies have been targeted to eliminate highly invasive and chemo-radioresistant tumor cells, likely involved in a rapid and fatal relapse of this cancer. Thus, administration(s) of allogeneic GBM-reactive immune cell effectors, such as human Vϒ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes, in the vicinity of the tumor would represents a unique opportunity to deliver efficient and highly concentrated therapeutic agents directly into the site of brain malignancies. Here, we present a protocol for the preparation and the stereotaxic administration of allogeneic human lymphocytes in immunodeficient mice carrying orthotopic human primary brain tumors. This study provides a preclinical proof-of-concept for both the feasibility and the antitumor efficacy of these cellular immunotherapies that rely on stereotactic injections of allogeneic human lymphocytes within intrabrain tumor beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Jarry
- INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, CRCINA; Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology, LabEx IGO
| | - Noémie Joalland
- INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, CRCINA; Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology, LabEx IGO
| | - Cynthia Chauvin
- INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, CRCINA; Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology, LabEx IGO
| | - Béatrice Clemenceau
- INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, CRCINA; Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology, LabEx IGO; Hopital de Nantes, Hotel Dieu
| | - Claire Pecqueur
- INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, CRCINA; Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology, LabEx IGO
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, CRCINA; Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology, LabEx IGO;
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Bleier BS, Kohman RE, Guerra K, Nocera AL, Ramanlal S, Kocharyan AH, Curry WT, Han X. Heterotopic Mucosal Grafting Enables the Delivery of Therapeutic Neuropeptides Across the Blood Brain Barrier. Neurosurgery 2016; 78:448-57; discussion 457. [PMID: 26352099 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier represents a fundamental limitation in treating neurological disease because it prevents all neuropeptides from reaching the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, there is no efficient method to permanently bypass the blood-brain barrier. OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility of using nasal mucosal graft reconstruction of arachnoid defects to deliver glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) for the treatment of Parkinson disease in a mouse model. METHODS The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved this study in an established murine 6-hydroxydopamine Parkinson disease model. A parietal craniotomy and arachnoid defect was repaired with a heterotopic donor mucosal graft. The therapeutic efficacy of GDNF (2 μg/mL) delivered through the mucosal graft was compared with direct intrastriatal GDNF injection (2 μg/mL) and saline control through the use of 2 behavioral assays (rotarod and apomorphine rotation). An immunohistological analysis was further used to compare the relative preservation of substantia nigra cell bodies between treatment groups. RESULTS Transmucosal GDNF was equivalent to direct intrastriatal injection at preserving motor function at week 7 in both the rotarod and apomorphine rotation behavioral assays. Similarly, both transmucosal and intrastriatal GDNF demonstrated an equivalent ratio of preserved substantia nigra cell bodies (0.79 ± 0.14 and 0.78 ± 0.09, respectively, P = NS) compared with the contralateral control side, and both were significantly greater than saline control (0.53 ± 0.21; P = .01 and P = .03, respectively). CONCLUSION Transmucosal delivery of GDNF is equivalent to direct intrastriatal injection at ameliorating the behavioral and immunohistological features of Parkinson disease in a murine model. Mucosal grafting of arachnoid defects is a technique commonly used for endoscopic skull base reconstruction and may represent a novel method to permanently bypass the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Bleier
- ‡Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; §Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; ¶Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Lollo G, Vincent M, Ullio-Gamboa G, Lemaire L, Franconi F, Couez D, Benoit JP. Development of multifunctional lipid nanocapsules for the co-delivery of paclitaxel and CpG-ODN in the treatment of glioblastoma. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:972-80. [PMID: 26428632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, multifunctional lipid nanocapsules (M-LNC) were designed to combine the activity of the cytotoxic drug paclitaxel (PTX) with the immunostimulant CpG. This nanosystem, consisting of modified lipid nanocapsules coated with a cationic polymeric shell composed of chitosan (CS), was able to allocate the hydrophobic drug PTX in the inner oily core, and to associate onto the surface the genetic material CpG. The CS-coated LNC (CS-LNC), showed a narrow size distribution with an average size of 70 nm and a positive zeta potential (+25 mV). They encapsulated PTX in a high amount (98%), and, due to the cationic surface charge, were able to adsorb CpG without losing stability. As a preliminary in vitro study, the apoptotic effect on GL261 glioma cells was investigated. The drug-loaded CS-LNC exhibited the ability to interact with glioma cells and induce an important apoptotic effect in comparison with blank systems. Finally, the M-LNC made of CS-LNC loaded with both CpG and PTX were tested in vivo, injected via convention enhanced delivery (CED) in GL261-glioma-bearing mice. The results showed that the overall survival of mice treated with the M-LNC was significantly increased in comparison with the control, Taxol(®), or the separated injection of PTX-loaded LNC and CpG. This effect was also confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which revealed the reduction of tumor growth in the animals treated with CpG and PTX-loaded M-LNC. All these findings suggested that the developed M-LNC could potentiate both CpG immunopotency and PTX antitumor activity by enhancing its delivery into the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Lollo
- LUNAM Université-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- INSERM, UMR892, F-49933 Angers, France; CNRS, UMR 6299, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Gabriela Ullio-Gamboa
- LUNAM Université-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Lemaire
- LUNAM Université-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Florence Franconi
- PRIMEX-CIFAB, Université d'Angers, LUNAM Université, IRIS-IBS, CHU Angers F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Dominique Couez
- INSERM, UMR892, F-49933 Angers, France; CNRS, UMR 6299, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Benoit
- LUNAM Université-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.
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8
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Miyake MM, Bleier BS. Bypassing the blood-brian barrier using established skull base reconstruction techniques. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 1:11-16. [PMID: 29204535 PMCID: PMC5698502 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological disorders represent a profound healthcare problem accounting for 6.3% of the global disease burden. Alzheimer's disease alone is expected to impact over 115 million people worldwide by 2050 with a cost of over $1 trillion per year to the U.S. economy. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of neurological disorders, the development of disease modifying therapies have failed to keep pace. This lack of effective treatments is directly attributable to the presence of the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers (BBB and BCSFB) which prevent up to 98% of all potential neuropharmaceutical agents from reaching the central nervous system (CNS). These obstacles have thereby severely limited research and development into novel therapeutic strategies for neurological disease. Current experimental methods to bypass the BBB, including pharmacologic modification and direct transcranial catheter implantation, are expensive, are associated with significant complications, and cannot be feasibly scaled up to meet the chronic needs of a large, aging patient population. TRANSMUCOSAL DRUG DELIVERY An innovative method of direct CNS drug delivery using heterotopic mucosal grafts was described. This method is based on established endoscopic skull base nasoseptal flap reconstruction techniques. The model has successfully demonstrated CNS delivery of chromophore-tagged molecules 1000 times larger than those typically permitted by the BBB. CONCLUSIONS This innovative technique represents the first described method of permanently bypassing the blood-brain barrier using purely autologous tissues. This has the potential to dramatically improve the current treatment of neurological disease by providing a safe and chronic transnasaldelivery pathway for high molecular weight neuropharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel M. Miyake
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- CAPES-Brazil Scholarship, Brazil
| | - Benjamin S. Bleier
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Xing N, Qiao T, Zhuang X, Yuan S, Zhang Q, Xu G. CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotide 7909 enhances radiosensitivity via downregulating Oct-4 expression in radioresistant lung cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1443-9. [PMID: 26109868 PMCID: PMC4472028 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s84467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a powerful cure for local advanced non-small cell lung cancer. However, radioresistance and tumor relapse still occur in a high proportion of patients. Octamer-4 (Oct-4), a transcription factor of the POU family, plays a key role in maintaining chemoradioresistant properties and regulating cancer progression. In this study, we demonstrated that Oct-4 expression was significantly increased in radioresistant H460 (H460R) cell line. CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotide (CpG-ODN) 7909 sensitized H460R cells when combined with irradiation treatment. The clonogenic capacity was significantly decreased, and the values of D0 and Dq were lower than those of irradiation alone group. The sensitive enhancement ratio (SER) of D0 was 1.224. This combined treatment led to a dramatic reduction in Oct-4 expression in a dose-dependent manner and also showed increased percentage of cells in the radiosensitive G2/M phase relative to either treatment alone. These results identified that Oct-4 was involved in radioresistance. CpG-ODN 7909 could enhance radiosensitivity partly through downregulating Oct-4 expression in radioresistant lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xing
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujuan Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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10
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Damm J, Wiegand F, Harden LM, Wenisch S, Gerstberger R, Rummel C, Roth J. Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections of the TLR9 agonist ODN 1668 in rats: brain inflammatory responses are related to peripheral IL-6 rather than interferons. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 277:105-17. [PMID: 25465287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneous or intraperitoneal administration of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 agonist, ODN 1668 caused moderate fever and anorexia. In comparison to stimulation of other intracellular TLRs, activation of TLR9 did not result in pronounced peripheral induction of interferons, but rather induced interleukin-6. Expression of cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β) and inducible forms of enzymes for prostaglandin E2 synthesis occurred in the brain, in conjunction with a moderate activation of the transcription factors STAT3 and NF-IL6 in brain endothelial cells. The lack of a septic-like state in ODN 1668-treated rats reinforces the therapeutic value of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Damm
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - F Wiegand
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - L M Harden
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Wenisch
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 98, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - R Gerstberger
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - C Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - J Roth
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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11
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Katz T, Avivi I, Benyamini N, Rosenblatt J, Avigan D. Dendritic cell cancer vaccines: from the bench to the bedside. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2014; 5:e0024. [PMID: 25386340 PMCID: PMC4222413 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition that the development of cancer is associated with acquired immunodeficiency, mostly against cancer cells themselves, and understanding pathways inducing this immunosuppression, has led to a tremendous development of new immunological approaches, both vaccines and drugs, which overcome this inhibition. Both "passive" (e.g. strategies relying on the administration of specific T cells) and "active" vaccines (e.g. peptide-directed or whole-cell vaccines) have become attractive immunological approaches, inducing cell death by targeting tumor-associated antigens. Whereas peptide-targeted vaccines are usually directed against a single antigen, whole-cell vaccines (e.g. dendritic cell vaccines) are aimed to induce robust responsiveness by targeting several tumor-related antigens simultaneously. The combination of vaccines with new immuno-stimulating agents which target "immunosuppressive checkpoints" (anti-CTLA-4, PD-1, etc.) is likely to improve and maintain immune response induced by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Katz
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; ; Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irit Avivi
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; ; Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam Benyamini
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jacalyn Rosenblatt
- Hematological Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Avigan
- Hematological Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Abu-Eid R, Samara RN, Ozbun L, Abdalla MY, Berzofsky JA, Friedman KM, Mkrtichyan M, Khleif SN. Selective inhibition of regulatory T cells by targeting the PI3K-Akt pathway. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:1080-9. [PMID: 25080445 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the strides that immunotherapy has made in mediating tumor regression, the clinical effects are often transient, and therefore more durable responses are still needed. The temporary nature of the therapy-induced immune response can be attributed to tumor immune evasion mechanisms, mainly the effect of suppressive immune cells and, in particular, regulatory T cells (Treg). Although the depletion of Tregs has been shown to be effective in enhancing immune responses, selective depletion of these suppressive cells without affecting other immune cells has not been very successful, and new agents are sought. We found that PI3K-Akt pathway inhibitors selectively inhibit Tregs with minimal effect on conventional T cells (Tconv). Our results clearly show selective in vitro inhibition of activation (as represented by a decrease in downstream signaling) and proliferation of Tregs in comparison with Tconvs when treated with different Akt and PI3K inhibitors. This effect has been observed in both human and murine CD4 T cells. In vivo treatment with these inhibitors resulted in a significant and selective reduction in Tregs in both naïve and tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, these PI3K-Akt inhibitors led to a significant therapeutic antitumor effect, which was shown to be Treg dependent. Here, we report the use of PI3K-Akt pathway inhibitors as potent agents for the selective depletion of suppressive Tregs. We show that these inhibitors are able to enhance the antitumor immune response and are therefore promising clinical reagents for Treg depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Eid
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Raed N Samara
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laurent Ozbun
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maher Y Abdalla
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Samir N Khleif
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, Georgia.
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