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Durmaz Celik N, Ozben S, Ozben T. Unveiling Parkinson's disease through biomarker research: current insights and future prospects. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38529882 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2331471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition marked by the gradual depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite substantial strides in comprehending potential causative mechanisms, the validation of biomarkers with unequivocal evidence for routine clinical application remains elusive. Consequently, the diagnosis heavily relies on patients' clinical assessments and medical backgrounds. The imperative need for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers arises due to the prevailing limitations of treatments, which predominantly address symptoms without modifying the disease course. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the existing landscape of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PD, drawing insights from contemporary literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Durmaz Celik
- Department of Neurology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ozben
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Tomris Ozben
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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2
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Tasaki E, Yamamoto Y, Iuchi Y. Higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidants coenzyme Q 10 and vitamin E in long-lived termite queens than in short-lived workers. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:201-210. [PMID: 37279723 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Termite queens and kings live longer than nonreproductive workers. Several molecular mechanisms contributing to their long lifespan have been investigated; however, the underlying biochemical explanation remains unclear. Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, plays an essential role in the lipophilic antioxidant defense system. Its beneficial effects on health and longevity have been well studied in several organisms. Herein, we demonstrated that long-lived termite queens have significantly higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidant CoQ10 than workers. Liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the levels of the reduced form of CoQ10 were 4 fold higher in the queen's body than in the worker's body. In addition, queens showed 7 fold higher levels of vitamin E, which plays a role in antilipid peroxidation along with CoQ, than workers. Furthermore, the oral administration of CoQ10 to termites increased the CoQ10 redox state in the body and their survival rate under oxidative stress. These findings suggest that CoQ10 acts as an efficient lipophilic antioxidant along with vitamin E in long-lived termite queens. This study provides essential biochemical and evolutionary insights into the relationship between CoQ10 concentrations and termite lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Tasaki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yorihiro Yamamoto
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Iuchi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Ng MG, Chan BJL, Koh RY, Ng KY, Chye SM. Prevention of Parkinson's Disease: From Risk Factors to Early Interventions. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:746-760. [PMID: 37326115 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230616092054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by progressively worsening motor dysfunction. Currently, available therapies merely alleviate symptoms, and there are no cures. Consequently, some researchers have now shifted their attention to identifying the modifiable risk factors of PD, with the intention of possibly implementing early interventions to prevent the development of PD. Four primary risk factors for PD are discussed including environmental factors (pesticides and heavy metals), lifestyle (physical activity and dietary intake), drug abuse, and individual comorbidities. Additionally, clinical biomarkers, neuroimaging, biochemical biomarkers, and genetic biomarkers could also help to detect prodromal PD. This review compiled available evidence that illustrates the relationship between modifiable risk factors, biomarkers, and PD. In summary, we raise the distinct possibility of preventing PD via early interventions of the modifiable risk factors and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guan Ng
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brendan Jun Lam Chan
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Liu Y, Zhuang Z, Liao Z, Yao R, Chen M, Wei H, Zhao W, Niu J. Effects of Low-Fish-Meal Diet Supplemented with Coenzyme Q10 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Morphology, Immunity and Hypoxic Resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2042. [PMID: 38136162 PMCID: PMC10740702 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a low-fish-meal diet supplemented with coenzyme Q10 on the growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal health and hypoxic resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. L.vannamei with an initial weight of 0.66 g were fed with the experimental diets for 56 days. Diets D1 (20% FM level) and D2-D7 (15% FM level), supplemented with 0%, 0.002%, 0.004%, 0.006%, 0.008% and 0.01% coenzyme Q10 were formulated. In terms of growth performance, the weight gain and specific growth rate in the D2 diet were significantly lower than those in the D1 diet (p < 0.05). The final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate in the D2-D7 diets had an upward trend, and the condition factor in the D2-D7 diets was lower than those in the D1 diet (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the crude protein and crude lipid levels in the whole body among all diet treatments (p > 0.05). In terms of hepatopancreas antioxidant parameters, the D5 and D6 diets significantly promoted the total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase activity, and significantly decreased the malondialdehyde content (p < 0.05). The expression levels of cat, mnsod and gpx in shrimp fed with the D5 and D6 diets were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed with the D2 diet (p < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA level of ProPO was increased in the D4 and D5 diets, and LZM expression was increased in the D6 diet compared with the D1 diet (p < 0.05). The villus height of shrimp fed with diets supplemented with coenzyme Q10 was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the intestinal thickness and submucosal thickness of shrimp fed with the D6 diet were the highest (p < 0.05). After acute hypoxia stress, lethal dose 50 time in the D3-D7 diets was significantly increased compared with the D1 and D2 diets (p < 0.05), and the highest value was found in the D4 diet (p < 0.05). After stress, the expression levels of TLR pathway-related genes (Toll, Myd88, Pelle, TRAF6 and Dorsal) in the D4 and D6 diets were significantly increased compared with the D2 diet. In general, Litopenaeus vannamei fed with the D6 diet achieved the best growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal morphology among all low FM diets and D4-D6 diets improved hypoxic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (R.Y.); (M.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (R.Y.); (M.C.); (H.W.)
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Alrouji M, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Mahammadawy AKAA, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GES. The potential role of cholesterol in Parkinson's disease neuropathology: perpetrator or victim. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3781-3794. [PMID: 37428278 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by deposition of α-synuclein and aggregation of Lewy bodies. Cholesterol is involved with PD neuropathology in bidirectional ways that could be protective or harmful. Thus, the objective of the present review was to verify the potential role of cholesterol in PD neuropathology. Deregulation of ion channels and receptors induced by cholesterol alteration suggests a possible mechanism for the neuroprotective effects of cholesterol against PD development. However, high serum cholesterol level increases PD risk indirectly by 27-hydroxycholesterol which induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Besides, hypercholesterolemia triggers the accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages and immune cells leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with progression of neuroinflammation subsequently. Additionally, cholesterol increases aggregation of α-synuclein and induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DN) in the substantia nigra (SN). Hypercholesterolemia may lead to cellular Ca2+ overload causing synaptic and the development of neurodegeneration. In conclusion, cholesterol has bidirectional effects on PD neuropathology and might be protective or harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, M.B.Ch.B, FRCP; Box, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | | | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, M.B.Ch.B, FRCP; Box, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matrouh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Al Beheira, 22511, Egypt.
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Jomova K, Raptova R, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2499-2574. [PMID: 37597078 PMCID: PMC10475008 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or "good stress" and is characterized by low to mild levels of oxidants involved in the regulation of various biochemical transformations such as carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, or modulation of signal transduction pathways such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other processes. Increased levels of ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result in a harmful condition termed oxidative stress ("bad stress"). Although it is widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial in origin, they share oxidative stress as a common denominator. Here we review the importance of oxidative stress and the mechanisms through which oxidative stress contributes to the pathological states of an organism. Attention is focused on the chemistry of ROS and RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), and their role in oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers is also discussed. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathology of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, Down syndrome), psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, lung cancer), and aging. The concerted action of antioxidants to ameliorate the harmful effect of oxidative stress is achieved by antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), and small molecular weight antioxidants (vitamins C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, and others). Perhaps one of the most effective low molecular weight antioxidants is vitamin E, the first line of defense against the peroxidation of lipids. A promising approach appears to be the use of certain antioxidants (e.g. flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties that may boost cellular antioxidant systems and thus act as preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds as potential pharmaceutical interventions and sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for age-related diseases and anti-aging strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Renata Raptova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia.
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Hjazi A, Ahsan M, Alghamdi MI, Kareem AK, Al-Saidi DN, Qasim MT, Romero-Parra RM, Zabibah RS, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Mustafa YF, Hosseini-Fard SR, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. Unraveling the impact of 27-hydroxycholesterol in autoimmune diseases: Exploring promising therapeutic approaches. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154737. [PMID: 37542860 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) in autoimmune diseases has become a subject of intense research in recent years. This oxysterol, derived from cholesterol, has been identified as a significant player in modulating immune responses and inflammation. Its involvement in autoimmune pathogenesis has drawn attention to its potential as a therapeutic target for managing autoimmune disorders effectively. 27-OHC, an oxysterol derived from cholesterol, has emerged as a key player in modulating immune responses and inflammatory processes. It exerts its effects through various mechanisms, including activation of nuclear receptors, interaction with immune cells, and modulation of neuroinflammation. Additionally, 27-OHC has been implicated in the dysregulation of lipid metabolism, neurotoxicity, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Understanding the intricate interplay between 27-OHC and autoimmune diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders, holds promise for developing targeted therapeutic strategies. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that 27-OHC may interact with specific receptors and transcription factors, thus influencing gene expression and cellular processes in autoimmune disorders. Understanding the intricate mechanisms by which 27-OHC influences immune dysregulation and tissue damage in autoimmune diseases is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Further investigations into the molecular pathways and signaling networks involving 27-OHC are warranted to unravel its full potential as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases, thereby offering new avenues for disease intervention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Ahsan
- King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed I Alghamdi
- Department of Computer Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A K Kareem
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Dahlia N Al-Saidi
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Maytham T Qasim
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Research group in educational statistics, National University of Education, Azogues, Ecuador; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Brembati V, Faustini G, Longhena F, Bellucci A. Alpha synuclein post translational modifications: potential targets for Parkinson's disease therapy? Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1197853. [PMID: 37305556 PMCID: PMC10248004 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1197853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms. The neuropathological alterations characterizing the brain of patients with PD include the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system and the presence of Lewy bodies (LB), intraneuronal inclusions that are mainly composed of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) fibrils. The accumulation of α-Syn in insoluble aggregates is a main neuropathological feature in PD and in other neurodegenerative diseases, including LB dementia (LBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), which are therefore defined as synucleinopathies. Compelling evidence supports that α-Syn post translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, nitration, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, glycation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination and C-terminal cleavage, play important roles in the modulation α-Syn aggregation, solubility, turnover and membrane binding. In particular, PTMs can impact on α-Syn conformational state, thus supporting that their modulation can in turn affect α-Syn aggregation and its ability to seed further soluble α-Syn fibrillation. This review focuses on the importance of α-Syn PTMs in PD pathophysiology but also aims at highlighting their general relevance as possible biomarkers and, more importantly, as innovative therapeutic targets for synucleinopathies. In addition, we call attention to the multiple challenges that we still need to face to enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches modulating α-Syn PTMs.
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Gandla K, Babu AK, Unnisa A, Sharma I, Singh LP, Haque MA, Dashputre NL, Baig S, Siddiqui FA, Khandaker MU, Almujally A, Tamam N, Sulieman A, Khan SL, Emran TB. Carotenoids: Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases Remediation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030457. [PMID: 36979267 PMCID: PMC10046158 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous factors can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Oxidative stress (OS), a fairly common ND symptom, can be caused by more reactive oxygen species being made. In addition, the pathological state of NDs, which includes a high number of protein aggregates, could make chronic inflammation worse by activating microglia. Carotenoids, often known as "CTs", are pigments that exist naturally and play a vital role in the prevention of several brain illnesses. CTs are organic pigments with major significance in ND prevention. More than 600 CTs have been discovered in nature, and they may be found in a wide variety of creatures. Different forms of CTs are responsible for the red, yellow, and orange pigments seen in many animals and plants. Because of their unique structure, CTs exhibit a wide range of bioactive effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The preventive effects of CTs have led researchers to find a strong correlation between CT levels in the body and the avoidance and treatment of several ailments, including NDs. To further understand the connection between OS, neuroinflammation, and NDs, a literature review has been compiled. In addition, we have focused on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CTs for the treatment and management of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaraswamy Gandla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Hanamakonda 506001, Telangana, India
| | - Ancha Kishore Babu
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University, Persiaran Seriemas, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Aziz Unnisa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Indu Sharma
- Department of Physics, Career Point University, Hamirpur 176041, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Laliteshwar Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayan Institute of Pharmacy, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Jamuhar, Sasaram 821305, Bihar, India
| | - Mahammad Akiful Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad 500088, Telangana, India
| | - Neelam Laxman Dashputre
- Department of Pharmacology, METs, Institute of Pharmacy Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik 422003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shahajan Baig
- Clinical Research Associate, Clinnex, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India
| | - Falak A Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa 413520, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Almujally
- Department of Biomedical Physics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nissren Tamam
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelmoneim Sulieman
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 422, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharuk L Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa 413520, Maharashtra, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Petrič B, Redenšek Trampuž S, Dolžan V, Gregorič Kramberger M, Trošt M, Maraković N, Goličnik M, Bavec A. Investigation of Paraoxonase-1 Genotype and Enzyme-Kinetic Parameters in the Context of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020399. [PMID: 36829958 PMCID: PMC9952446 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), which often progresses to PD dementia. PD patients with and without dementia may differ in certain biochemical parameters, which could thus be used as biomarkers for PD dementia. The enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has previously been investigated as a potential biomarker in the context of other types of dementia. In a cohort of PD patients, we compared a group of 89 patients with cognitive impairment with a group of 118 patients with normal cognition. We determined the kinetic parameters Km and Vmax for PON1 for the reaction with dihydrocoumarin and the genotype of four single nucleotide polymorphisms in PON1. We found that no genotype or kinetic parameter correlated significantly with cognitive impairment in PD patients. However, we observed associations between PON1 rs662 and PON1 Km (p < 10-10), between PON1 rs662 and PON1 Vmax (p = 9.33 × 10-7), and between PON1 rs705379 and PON1 Vmax (p = 2.21 × 10-10). The present study is novel in three main aspects. (1) It is the first study to investigate associations between the PON1 genotype and enzyme kinetics in a large number of subjects. (2) It is the first study to report kinetic parameters of PON1 in a large number of subjects and to use time-concentration progress curves instead of initial velocities to determine Km and Vmax in a clinical context. (3) It is also the first study to calculate enzyme-kinetic parameters in a clinical context with a new algorithm for data point removal from progress curves, dubbed iFIT. Although our results suggest that in the context of PD, there is no clinically useful correlation between cognitive status on the one hand and PON1 genetic and enzyme-kinetic parameters on the other hand, this should not discourage future investigation into PON1's potential associations with other types of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Petrič
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Redenšek Trampuž
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milica Gregorič Kramberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maja Trošt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nikola Maraković
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Goličnik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aljoša Bavec
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Alomari MA, Khalil H, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH. Lipid profile in Parkinson's disease: The potential role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Life Sci 2022; 311:121144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Duan Y, Gong K, Xu S, Zhang F, Meng X, Han J. Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in health and diseases: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:265. [PMID: 35918332 PMCID: PMC9344793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed cholesterol homeostasis plays critical roles in the development of multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, particularly the CVD in which the accumulation of lipids (mainly the cholesteryl esters) within macrophage/foam cells underneath the endothelial layer drives the formation of atherosclerotic lesions eventually. More and more studies have shown that lowering cholesterol level, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, protects cardiovascular system and prevents cardiovascular events effectively. Maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is determined by cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, efflux, transport, storage, utilization, and/or excretion. All the processes should be precisely controlled by the multiple regulatory pathways. Based on the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, many interventions have been developed to lower cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake or enhancing cholesterol utilization and excretion. Herein, we summarize the historical review and research events, the current understandings of the molecular pathways playing key roles in regulating cholesterol homeostasis, and the cholesterol-lowering interventions in clinics or in preclinical studies as well as new cholesterol-lowering targets and their clinical advances. More importantly, we review and discuss the benefits of those interventions for the treatment of multiple diseases including atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis and virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xianshe Meng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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13
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Evidence for Oxidative Pathways in the Pathogenesis of PD: Are Antioxidants Candidate Drugs to Ameliorate Disease Progression? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136923. [PMID: 35805928 PMCID: PMC9266756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that arises due to a complex and variable interplay between elements including age, genetic, and environmental risk factors that manifest as the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Contemporary treatments for PD do not prevent or reverse the extent of neurodegeneration that is characteristic of this disorder and accordingly, there is a strong need to develop new approaches which address the underlying disease process and provide benefit to patients with this debilitating disorder. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and inflammation have been implicated as pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons seen in PD. However, results of studies aiming to inhibit these pathways have shown variable success, and outcomes from large-scale clinical trials are not available or report varying success for the interventions studied. Overall, the available data suggest that further development and testing of novel therapies are required to identify new potential therapies for combating PD. Herein, this review reports on the most recent development of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory approaches that have shown positive benefit in cell and animal models of disease with a focus on supplementation with natural product therapies and selected synthetic drugs.
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14
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Coenzyme Q10 and Parkinsonian Syndromes: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060975. [PMID: 35743757 PMCID: PMC9225264 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has an important role as an antioxidant. Being that oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases, several studies addressed the concentrations of CoQ10 in the different tissues of patients with PD and other parkinsonian syndromes (PS), trying to elucidate their value as a marker of these diseases. Other studies addressed the potential therapeutic role of CoQ10 in PD and PS. We underwent a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies measuring tissue CoQ10 concentrations which shows that, compared with controls, PD patients have decreased CoQ10 levels in the cerebellar cortex, platelets, and lymphocytes, increased total and oxidized CoQ10 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and a non-significant trend toward decreased serum/plasma CoQ10 levels. Patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) showed decreased CoQ10 levels in the cerebellar cortex, serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and skin fibroblasts. Patients with Lewy body dementia (LBD) showed decreased cerebellar cortex CoQ10, and those with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) had decreased CoQ10 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. A previous meta-analysis of studies addressing the therapeutic effects of CoQ10 in PD showed a lack of improvement in patients with early PD. Results of the treatment with CoQ10 in PSP should be considered preliminary. The potential role of CoQ10 therapy in the MSA and selected groups of PD patients deserves future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Ronda del Sur 10, E28500 Arganda del Rey, Spain;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-636968395; Fax: +34-913280704
| | - Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Ronda del Sur 10, E28500 Arganda del Rey, Spain;
| | - Elena García-Martín
- ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
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15
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Manzine PR, Vatanabe IP, Grigoli MM, Pedroso RV, de Almeida MPOMEP, de Oliveira DDSMS, Crispim Nascimento CM, Peron R, de Souza Orlandi F, Cominetti MR. Potential Protein Blood-Based Biomarkers in Different Types of Dementia: A Therapeutic Overview. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1170-1186. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220408124809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Biomarkers capable of identifying and distinguishing types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have been become increasingly relentless. Studies of possible biomarker proteins in the blood that can help formulate new diagnostic proposals and therapeutic visions of different types of dementia are needed. However, due to several limitations of these biomarkers, especially in discerning dementia, their clinical applications are still undetermined. Thus, the updating of biomarker blood proteins that can help in the diagnosis and discrimination of these main dementia conditions is essential to enable new pharmacological and clinical management strategies, with specificities for each type of dementia. To review the literature concerning protein blood-based AD and non-AD biomarkers as new pharmacological targets and/or therapeutic strategies. Recent findings for protein-based AD, PDD, LBD, and FTD biomarkers are focused on in this review. Protein biomarkers were classified according to the pathophysiology of the dementia types. The diagnosis and distinction of dementia through protein biomarkers is still a challenge. The lack of exclusive biomarkers for each type of dementia highlights the need for further studies in this field. Only after this, blood biomarkers may have a valid use in clinical practice as they are promising to help in diagnosis and in the differentiation of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Regina Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Izabela Pereira Vatanabe
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Marina Mantellatto Grigoli
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Renata Valle Pedroso
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | | | | | | | - Rafaela Peron
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Fabiana de Souza Orlandi
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Márcia Regina Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
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16
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Fontaine F, Legallois D, Créveuil C, Chtourou M, Coulbault L, Milliez P, Hodzic A, Saloux E, Beygui F, Allouche S. Is plasma concentration of coenzyme Q10 a predictive marker for left ventricular remodelling after revascularization for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction? Ann Clin Biochem 2021; 58:327-334. [PMID: 33622041 DOI: 10.1177/00045632211001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular remodelling that frequently occurs after acute myocardial infarction is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiovascular death. Although several risk factors have been identified, there is still no marker in clinical use to predict left ventricular remodelling. Plasma concentration of coenzyme Q10, which plays a key role in mitochondrial energy production and as an antioxidant, seems to be negatively correlated with left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVE The goal of our study was to determine whether the plasma coenzyme Q10 baseline concentrations at time of the ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) could predict left ventricular remodelling at six months' follow-up. METHODS Sixty-eight patients who were admitted to hospital for STEMI and successfully revascularized with primary percutaneous coronary intervention were recruited. All patients underwent a 3D-echocardiography examination within the first four days after percutaneous coronary intervention and six months later then divided into two groups based on the presence or not of left ventricular remodelling. Plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS While we found similar plasma coenzyme Q10 concentrations compared with other studies, no association was evidenced between coenzyme Q10 concentrations and left ventricular remodelling (P = 0.89). CONCLUSION We found no evidence for using plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration as an early prediction marker of left ventricular remodelling after STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Fontaine
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Damien Legallois
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique EA4650, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Christian Créveuil
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Mohamed Chtourou
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Coulbault
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique EA4650, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Paul Milliez
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique EA4650, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Amir Hodzic
- Department of Clinical Physiology, INSERM Comete, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Eric Saloux
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique EA4650, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Farzin Beygui
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique EA4650, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Allouche
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.,Department of Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique EA4650, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
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17
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Antioxidant Therapeutics in Parkinson's Disease: Current Challenges and Opportunities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030453. [PMID: 33803945 PMCID: PMC7998929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered one of the pathological mechanisms that cause Parkinson’s disease (PD), which has led to the investigation of several antioxidants molecules as a potential therapeutic treatment against the disease. Although preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of these compounds to maintain neuronal survival and activity in PD models, these results have not been reflected in clinical trials, antioxidants have not been able to act as disease modifiers in terms of clinical symptoms. Translational medicine currently faces the challenge of redesigning clinical trials to standardize criteria when testing molecules to reduce responses’ variability. Herein, we discuss current challenges and opportunities regarding several non-enzymatic antioxidants’ therapeutic molecules for PD patients’ potential treatment.
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18
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Saedi S, Hemmati-Dinarvand M, Barmaki H, Mokhtari Z, Musavi H, Valilo M, Mota A, Mahjoub S. Serum lipid profile of Parkinson's disease patients: A study from the Northwest of Iran. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2021; 12:155-161. [PMID: 34012532 PMCID: PMC8111816 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.12.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined as a long-lasting, neurological illness. Low levels of serum lipid fractions are related with a high risk of PD. Current investigation was designed to evaluate the concentration blood lipid fractions in patients suffering from PD and compared with healthy subjects. METHODS This case-control study was conducted from February 2016 to September 2018 in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. The present investigation consisted of 75 persons who had PD and 75 normal people. The blood levels of lipid fractions were measured by concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and total cholesterol. The results were analyzed with SPSS software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-square, and student's t-test. RESULTS Serum level of TG was remarkably lower in patients with PD (111.92±8.75 mg/dL) compared with healthy subjects (123.64±9.97 mg/dL, P=0.008). Furthermore, we saw an important difference in the level of LDL-C (P=0.001) and TC (P=0.004) between the two groups. However, there was not any observed meaningful difference in the serum concentrations of HDL-C between the studied groups (P=0.135). CONCLUSION Our results showed that the serum concentration of TG, LDL-C, and TC are noticeably lower in the PD suffering patients. Further investigations are needed to provide comprehensive information on the participants' cognitive layout and subsequent actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Saedi
- Department of Medicine Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Samira Saedi and Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand contributed equally in this article
| | - Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Samira Saedi and Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand contributed equally in this article
| | - Haleh Barmaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mokhtari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, International Branch, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Musavi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohamad Valilo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mota
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soleiman Mahjoub
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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19
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Therapeutic Efficacy of Plasmalogens for Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Parkinson's Disease in Conjunction with a New Hypothesis for the Etiology of Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1299:195-212. [PMID: 33417216 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60204-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported in recent years that blood levels of plasmalogens (Pls) are decreased in various diseases. None of those reports, however, conducted any clinical trials to examine the effect of Pls on those diseases. This article describes our recent report on a therapeutic efficacy of orally administered Pls in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). A 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in patients with MCI (n = 178) and mild AD (n = 98). The study design for moderate AD (n = 57) and severe AD (n = 18) was 12-week open-labeled, and the design for patients with PD (n = 10) was 24-week open-labeled. They showed a significant improvement in cognitive function and other clinical symptoms with elevation of the blood Pls levels. No adverse events were reported. The baseline levels of plasma ethanolamine plasmalogen and erythrocyte ethanolamine plasmalogen in MCI, AD, and PD were significantly lower than those of normal aged. The degree of reduction in the blood Pls levels was in the order of MCI ≺ mild AD ≺ moderate AD ≺ severe AD ≺ PD. The findings suggest that the blood levels of Pls may be a beneficial biomarker for assessing AD severity. Based on these results, we have proposed a new hypothesis for the etiology of AD and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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20
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Dai L, Zou L, Meng L, Qiang G, Yan M, Zhang Z. Cholesterol Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2183-2201. [PMID: 33411241 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an indispensable component of the cell membrane and plays vital roles in critical physiological processes. Brain cholesterol accounts for a large portion of total cholesterol in the human body, and its content must be tightly regulated to ensure normal brain function. Disorders of cholesterol metabolism in the brain are linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and other atypical cognitive deficits that arise at old age. However, the specific role of cholesterol metabolism disorder in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has not been fully elucidated. Statins that are a class of lipid-lowering drugs have been reported to have a positive effect on neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we reviewed the physiological and pathological conditions of cholesterol metabolism and discussed the possible mechanisms of cholesterol metabolism and statin therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Dai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lanxia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guifen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, China
| | - Mingmin Yan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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21
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Clark EH, Vázquez de la Torre A, Hoshikawa T, Briston T. Targeting mitophagy in Parkinson's disease. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100209. [PMID: 33372898 PMCID: PMC7948953 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.014294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetics and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) strongly implicate mitochondria in disease aetiology. Elegant studies over the last two decades have elucidated complex molecular signaling governing the identification and removal of dysfunctional mitochondria from the cell, a process of mitochondrial quality control known as mitophagy. Mitochondrial deficits and specifically reduced mitophagy are evident in both sporadic and familial PD. Mendelian genetics attributes loss-of-function mutations in key mitophagy regulators PINK1 and Parkin to early-onset PD. Pharmacologically enhancing mitophagy and accelerating the removal of damaged mitochondria are of interest for developing a disease-modifying PD therapeutic. However, despite significant understanding of both PINK1-Parkin-dependent and -independent mitochondrial quality control pathways, the therapeutic potential of targeting mitophagy remains to be fully explored. Here, we provide a summary of the genetic evidence supporting the role for mitophagy failure as a pathogenic mechanism in PD. We assess the tractability of mitophagy pathways and prospects for drug discovery and consider intervention points for mitophagy enhancement. We explore the numerous hit molecules beginning to emerge from high-content/high-throughput screening as well as the biochemical and phenotypic assays that enabled these screens. The chemical and biological properties of these reference compounds suggest many could be used to interrogate and perturb mitochondrial biology to validate promising drug targets. Finally, we address key considerations and challenges in achieving preclinical proof-of-concept, including in vivo mitophagy reporter methodologies and disease models, as well as patient stratification and biomarker development for mitochondrial forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Clark
- Hatfield Research Laboratories, Neurology Innovation Centre, Eisai Ltd, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tamaki Hoshikawa
- Hatfield Research Laboratories, Neurology Innovation Centre, Eisai Ltd, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Briston
- Hatfield Research Laboratories, Neurology Innovation Centre, Eisai Ltd, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
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22
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van Vuuren MJ, Nell TA, Carr JA, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Iron Dysregulation and Inflammagens Related to Oral and Gut Health Are Central to the Development of Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 11:E30. [PMID: 33383805 PMCID: PMC7823713 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal lesions in Parkinson's disease (PD) are commonly associated with α-synuclein (α-Syn)-induced cell damage that are present both in the central and peripheral nervous systems of patients, with the enteric nervous system also being especially vulnerable. Here, we bring together evidence that the development and presence of PD depends on specific sets of interlinking factors that include neuroinflammation, systemic inflammation, α-Syn-induced cell damage, vascular dysfunction, iron dysregulation, and gut and periodontal dysbiosis. We argue that there is significant evidence that bacterial inflammagens fuel this systemic inflammation, and might be central to the development of PD. We also discuss the processes whereby bacterial inflammagens may be involved in causing nucleation of proteins, including of α-Syn. Lastly, we review evidence that iron chelation, pre-and probiotics, as well as antibiotics and faecal transplant treatment might be valuable treatments in PD. A most important consideration, however, is that these therapeutic options need to be validated and tested in randomized controlled clinical trials. However, targeting underlying mechanisms of PD, including gut dysbiosis and iron toxicity, have potentially opened up possibilities of a wide variety of novel treatments, which may relieve the characteristic motor and nonmotor deficits of PD, and may even slow the progression and/or accompanying gut-related conditions of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthinus Janse van Vuuren
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (M.J.v.V.); (T.A.N.)
| | - Theodore Albertus Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (M.J.v.V.); (T.A.N.)
| | - Jonathan Ambrose Carr
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (M.J.v.V.); (T.A.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (M.J.v.V.); (T.A.N.)
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23
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Chang KH, Chen CM. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070597. [PMID: 32650609 PMCID: PMC7402083 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons with abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in substantia nigra (SN). Studies have suggested the potential involvement of dopamine, iron, calcium, mitochondria and neuroinflammation in contributing to overwhelmed oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in PD. Function studies on PD-causative mutations of SNCA, PRKN, PINK1, DJ-1, LRRK2, FBXO7 and ATP13A2 further indicate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, it is reasonable that molecules involved in oxidative stress, such as DJ-1, coenzyme Q10, uric acid, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosin, homocysteine, retinoic acid/carotenes, vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, xanthine oxidase and products of lipid peroxidation, could be candidate biomarkers for PD. Applications of antioxidants to modulate oxidative stress could be a strategy in treating PD. Although a number of antioxidants, such as creatine, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, pioglitazone, melatonin and desferrioxamine, have been tested in clinical trials, none of them have demonstrated conclusive evidence to ameliorate the neurodegeneration in PD patients. Difficulties in clinical studies may be caused by the long-standing progression of neurodegeneration, lack of biomarkers for premotor stage of PD and inadequate drug delivery across blood–brain barrier. Solutions for these challenges will be warranted for future studies with novel antioxidative treatment in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8347); Fax: +886-3-3288849
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24
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Qi-activating quercetin alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in vivo and in vitro. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:553-566. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Di Lorenzo A, Iannuzzo G, Parlato A, Cuomo G, Testa C, Coppola M, D’Ambrosio G, Oliviero DA, Sarullo S, Vitale G, Nugara C, Sarullo FM, Giallauria F. Clinical Evidence for Q10 Coenzyme Supplementation in Heart Failure: From Energetics to Functional Improvement. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051266. [PMID: 32349341 PMCID: PMC7287951 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are hallmarks of heart failure (HF). Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vitamin-like organic compound widely expressed in humans as ubiquinol (reduced form) and ubiquinone (oxidized form). CoQ10 plays a key role in electron transport in oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria. CoQ10 acts as a potent antioxidant, membrane stabilizer and cofactor in the production of adenosine triphosphate by oxidative phosphorylation, inhibiting the oxidation of proteins and DNA. Patients with HF showed CoQ10 deficiency; therefore, a number of clinical trials investigating the effects of CoQ10 supplementation in HF have been conducted. CoQ10 supplementation may confer potential prognostic advantages in HF patients with no adverse hemodynamic profile or safety issues. The latest evidence on the clinical effects of CoQ10 supplementation in HF was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Lorenzo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Parlato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Gianluigi Cuomo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Crescenzo Testa
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Marta Coppola
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Giuseppe D’Ambrosio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Domenico Alessandro Oliviero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Silvia Sarullo
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (S.S.); (G.V.); (C.N.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Vitale
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (S.S.); (G.V.); (C.N.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Cinzia Nugara
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (S.S.); (G.V.); (C.N.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Filippo M. Sarullo
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (S.S.); (G.V.); (C.N.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Francesco Giallauria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (D.A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)8-1746-3519
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Zhang X, Bi X. Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Review Focusing on Molecular Biomarkers. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1244-1254. [PMID: 32219663 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), as one of the major complications after stroke, refers to a series of syndromes from mild cognitive impairment to dementia caused by stroke. Stroke has been reported to increase the risk of cognitive impairment by at least five to eight times. The assessment of PSCI usually relies on neuropsychological tests, but the results of these tests are subjective and inaccurate, and can be insufficient for the diagnosis and prognosis of PSCI. In recent years, an increasing number studies have indicated that changes in the expression of biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-10 in blood, urine and other body fluids are associated with cognitive decline after stroke. Therefore, the detection of biomarkers in circulating blood serum, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis in PSCI. This review aims to summarize the studies on potential molecular biomarkers of PSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- School of kinesiology, Shanghai University of sport, No. 200 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Park KR, Hwang CJ, Yun HM, Yeo IJ, Choi DY, Park PH, Kim HS, Lee JT, Jung YS, Han SB, Hong JT. Prevention of multiple system atrophy using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by reducing polyamine and cholesterol-induced neural damages. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:63. [PMID: 32127052 PMCID: PMC7055099 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology, but is closely associated with damage to dopaminergic neurons. MSA progression is rapid. Hence, long-term drug treatments do not have any therapeutic benefits. We assessed the inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on double-toxin-induced dopaminergic neurodegenerative MSA. Results Behavioral disorder was significantly improved and neurodegeneration was prevented following MSC transplantation. Proteomics revealed lower expression of polyamine modulating factor-binding protein 1 (PMFBP1) and higher expression of 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL), but these changes were reversed after MSC transplantation. In the in vitro study, the 6-OHDA-induced effects were reversed following co-culture with MSC. However, PMFBP1 knockdown inhibited the recovery effect due to the MSCs. Furthermore, HMGCL expression was decreased following co-culture with MSCs, but treatment with recombinant HMGCL protein inhibited the recovery effects due to MSCs. Conclusions These data indicate that MSCs protected against neuronal loss in MSA by reducing polyamine- and cholesterol-induced neural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ran Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sook Kim
- Corestem Inc, Pangyo-ro 255 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Lee
- Corestem Inc, Pangyo-ro 255 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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Improvement of Blood Plasmalogens and Clinical Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease by Oral Administration of Ether Phospholipids: A Preliminary Report. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 2020:2671070. [PMID: 32148751 PMCID: PMC7049862 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2671070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD). With the ageing of population, the frequency of PD is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades. L-DOPA (1,3,4-dihydroxyalanine) is the most effective drug in the symptomatic treatment of PD. Nonmotor symptoms in PD include sleep problems, depression, and dementia, which are not adequately controlled with dopaminergic therapy. Here, we report the efficacy of oral administration of scallop-derived ether phospholipids to some nonmotor symptoms of PD.
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Ghanta MK, Elango P, L V K S B. Current Therapeutic Strategies and Perspectives for Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4738-4746. [PMID: 32065086 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200217114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of dopaminergic striatal neurons in basal ganglia. Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) through dopamine replacement strategies may provide improvement in early stages and this treatment response is related to dopaminergic neuronal mass which decreases in advanced stages. This treatment failure was revealed by many studies and levodopa treatment became ineffective or toxic in chronic stages of PD. Early diagnosis and neuroprotective agents may be a suitable approach for the treatment of PD. The essentials required for early diagnosis are biomarkers. Characterising the striatal neurons, understanding the status of dopaminergic pathways in different PD stages may reveal the effects of the drugs used in the treatment. This review updates on characterisation of striatal neurons, electrophysiology of dopaminergic pathways in PD, biomarkers of PD, approaches for success of neuroprotective agents in clinical trials. The literature was collected from the articles in database of PubMed, MedLine and other available literature resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan K Ghanta
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai-600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Elango
- Department of Pharmacology, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Poonamallee, Chennai-600123, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhaskar L V K S
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495009 (CG), India
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Ding Y, Tang F, Xue X, Luo J, Hussain M, Huang Y, Wang Z, Jiang H, Tu Z, Zhang J. Rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of ubiquinone derivatives as IDO1 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:102870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Schou-Pedersen AMV, Schemeth D, Lykkesfeldt J. Determination of Reduced and Oxidized Coenzyme Q 10 in Canine Plasma and Heart Tissue by HPLC-ECD: Comparison with LC-MS/MS Quantification. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080253. [PMID: 31366077 PMCID: PMC6720496 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (Q10) plays an important role in mammals for energy production in the mitochondria, and as a potent antioxidant. Oxidation ratio (% oxidized in relation to total Q10) has been proposed as an important biomarker. A sensitive and reproducible HPLC-ECD method was developed for determination of reduced and oxidized Q10 in canine plasma and heart tissue. Chromatographic separation was achieved in 10 min using a Waters Nova-pak C18 column and a mobile phase with lithium perchlorate in ethanol/methanol/2-propanol. The validation showed satisfying results. Excellent linear correlation was found (r2 > 0.9997), intra- and inter-day precisions were below 6.5% (n = 5) and recoveries were between 89 and 109% (n = 5). Sensitivity stated as Lower Limit of Quantification (LLOQ) was 10 nM. Acceptable stability of both extracted and un-extracted samples was observed. The plasma concentration range of total Q10 was found to be between 0.64 and 1.24 µg/mL. Comparison with a developed LC-MS/MS method showed a correlation of r = 0.85 for reduced Q10 and r = 0.60 for oxidized Q10 (N = 17). However, average results were around 30% lower for ubiquinol using the LC-MS/MS method as compared with the HPLC-ECD analysis. The two methods are therefore not considered to be interchangeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie V Schou-Pedersen
- Section for Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Dieter Schemeth
- Section for Environmental Chemistry and Physics, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Section for Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Spiers JG, Chen HJC, Bourgognon JM, Steinert JR. Dysregulation of stress systems and nitric oxide signaling underlies neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:468-483. [PMID: 30716433 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a multimodal response involving the coordination of numerous body systems in order to maximize the chance of survival. However, long term activation of the stress response results in neuronal oxidative stress via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, contributing to the development of depression. Stress-induced depression shares a high comorbidity with other neurological conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, often appearing as one of the earliest observable symptoms in these diseases. Furthermore, stress and/or depression appear to exacerbate cognitive impairment in the context of AD associated with dysfunctional catecholaminergic signaling. Given there are a number of homologous pathways involved in the pathophysiology of depression and AD, this article will highlight the mechanisms by which stress-induced perturbations in oxidative stress, and particularly NO signaling, contribute to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jereme G Spiers
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
| | - Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Joern R Steinert
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavior, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, United Kingdom.
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Nagase M, Yamamoto Y, Mitsui J, Tsuji S. Simultaneous detection of reduced and oxidized forms of coenzyme Q10 in human cerebral spinal fluid as a potential marker of oxidative stress. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 63:205-210. [PMID: 30487670 PMCID: PMC6252302 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox balance of coenzyme Q10 in human plasma is a good marker of oxidative stress because the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol-10) is very sensitive to oxidation and is quantitatively converted to its oxidized form (ubiquinone-10). Here we describe an HPLC method for simultaneous detection of ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 in human cerebral spinal fluid to meet a recent demand for measuring local oxidative stress. Since the levels of coenzyme Q10 in human cerebral spinal fluid are less than 1/500 of those in human plasma, cerebral spinal fluid extracted with 2-propanol requires concentration for electrochemical detection. Using human plasma diluted 500-fold with physiological saline as a pseudo-cerebral spinal fluid, we found that addition of tert-butylhydroquinone was effective in preventing the oxidation of ubiquinol-10. The optimized tert-butylhydroquinone concentration in the extraction solvent was 20 µM. The addition of 20 µM ascorbic acid or co-addition of tert-butylhydroquinone and ascorbic acid (20 µM each) were also effective in preventing the oxidation of ubiquinol-10, but ascorbic acid alone gave poor reproducibility. Good within day reproducibility was observed, and day-to-day analytical variance was excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Nagase
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Yorihiro Yamamoto
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo and International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita City, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Liew WPP, Sulaiman Rahman H. Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress: A Mutual Interplay in Age-Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1162. [PMID: 30405405 PMCID: PMC6204759 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the progressive loss of organ and tissue function over time. Growing older is positively linked to cognitive and biological degeneration such as physical frailty, psychological impairment, and cognitive decline. Oxidative stress is considered as an imbalance between pro- and antioxidant species, which results in molecular and cellular damage. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of age-related diseases. Emerging research evidence has suggested that antioxidant can control the autoxidation by interrupting the propagation of free radicals or by inhibiting the formation of free radicals and subsequently reduce oxidative stress, improve immune function, and increase healthy longevity. Indeed, oxidation damage is highly dependent on the inherited or acquired defects in enzymes involved in the redox-mediated signaling pathways. Therefore, the role of molecules with antioxidant activity that promote healthy aging and counteract oxidative stress is worth to discuss further. Of particular interest in this article, we highlighted the molecular mechanisms of antioxidants involved in the prevention of age-related diseases. Taken together, a better understanding of the role of antioxidants involved in redox modulation of inflammation would provide a useful approach for potential interventions, and subsequently promoting healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Excellent, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Winnie-Pui-Pui Liew
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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He R, Yan X, Guo J, Xu Q, Tang B, Sun Q. Recent Advances in Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:305. [PMID: 30364199 PMCID: PMC6193101 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the common progressive neurodegenerative disorders with several motor and non-motor symptoms. Most of the motor symptoms may appear at a late stage where most of the dopaminergic neurons have been already damaged. In order to provide better clinical intervention and treatment at the onset of disease, it is imperative to find accurate biomarkers for early diagnosis, including prodromal diagnosis and preclinical diagnosis. At the same time, these reliable biomarkers can also be utilized to monitor the progress of the disease. In this review article, we will discuss recent advances in the development of PD biomarkers from different aspects, including clinical, biochemical, neuroimaging and genetic aspects. Although various biomarkers for PD have been developed so far, their specificity and sensitivity are not ideal when applied individually. So, the combination of multimodal biomarkers will greatly improve the diagnostic accuracy and facilitate the implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runcheng He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Parkinson’s Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Parkinson’s Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Chang KH, Cheng ML, Chiang MC, Chen CM. Lipophilic antioxidants in neurodegenerative diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 485:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yamaguchi J, Nagase M, Yamamoto Y, Sakurai A, Kubo A, Mitsuhashi H, Matsuoka M, Ihara S, Kinoshita K. Increased oxidative stress and renal injury in patients with sepsis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 63:137-143. [PMID: 30279625 PMCID: PMC6160724 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of death in intensive care units. The early phase of sepsis is characterized by a massive formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as superoxide and nitric oxide. However, few comprehensive studies on plasma antioxidants have been reported. Increased oxidative stress was confirmed in sepsis patients (n = 18) at the time of hospitalization by a significant decrease in plasma ascorbic acid and a significant increase in the percentage of oxidized form of coenzyme Q10 in total coenzyme Q10 compared to age-matched healthy controls (n = 62). Tissue oxidative damage in patients was suggested by a significant decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acid contents and a significant increase in oleic acid contents in total free fatty acids. Thus, it is reasonable that plasma uric acid (end product of purines) would be significantly elevated. However, uric acid levels were continuously decreased during hospitalization for 7 days, indicating a continuous formation of peroxynitrite. A greater decrease in free cholesterol (FC) compared to cholesterol esters (CE) was observed. Thus, the FC/CE ratio significantly increased, suggesting deficiency of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase secreted from the liver. Plasma levels of prosaposin, a coenzyme Q10 binding protein, significantly decreased as compared to healthy controls. This may be correlated with renal injury in sepsis patients, since the kidney is thought to be a major secretor of prosaposin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Yamaguchi
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Midori Nagase
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Yorihiro Yamamoto
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakurai
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Airi Kubo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Hikaru Mitsuhashi
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Masaru Matsuoka
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shingo Ihara
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kosaku Kinoshita
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Oxidative Stress: Mechanistic Insights into Inherited Mitochondrial Disorders and Parkinson's Disease. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6110100. [PMID: 29077060 PMCID: PMC5704117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6110100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress arises when cellular antioxidant defences become overwhelmed by a surplus generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Once this occurs, many cellular biomolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins become susceptible to free radical-induced oxidative damage, and this may consequently lead to cellular and ultimately tissue and organ dysfunction. Mitochondria, as well as being a source of ROS, are vulnerable to oxidative stress-induced damage with a number of key biomolecules being the target of oxidative damage by free radicals, including membrane phospholipids, respiratory chain complexes, proteins, and mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA). As a result, a deficit in cellular energy status may occur along with increased electron leakage and partial reduction of oxygen. This in turn may lead to a further increase in ROS production. Oxidative damage to certain mitochondrial biomolecules has been associated with, and implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. It is the purpose of this review to discuss the impact of such oxidative stress and subsequent damage by reviewing our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of several inherited mitochondrial disorders together with our understanding of perturbations observed in the more commonly acquired neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Furthermore, the potential use and feasibility of antioxidant therapies as an adjunct to lower the accumulation of damaging oxidative species and hence slow disease progression will also be discussed.
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Sun H, Liu X, Ge H, Wang T, Wang Y, Li W. Association Between Serum Zinc Levels and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: a Meta-Analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:45-51. [PMID: 28160244 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have found that the serum zinc levels were associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the results were inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence from observational studies between them. Pertinent studies were identified by a search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of science up to July, 10, 2016. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with random-effect model was used to combine the results. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were also conducted. Publication bias was estimated using Begg's regression asymmetry test. A total of 11 articles involving 822 PD patients and 777 healthy controls were included in the meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis results revealed that the serum zinc levels in PD patients were significantly lower than those in health controls (SMD = -0.779, 95%CI = [-1.323, -0.234], P < 0.001). The association was also significant oriental studies (SMD = -1.601, 95%CI = [-2.398, -0.805], P < 0.001). No publication bias was found. The current study indicated that serum zinc levels in PD patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualei Sun
- School of Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huina Ge
- School of Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- School of Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Kim JH, Hwang J, Shim E, Chung EJ, Jang SH, Koh SB. Association of serum carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations with the progression of Parkinson's Disease. Nutr Res Pract 2017; 11:114-120. [PMID: 28386384 PMCID: PMC5376529 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.2.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES A pivotal role of oxidative stress has been emphasized in the pathogenesis as well as in the disease progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed at investigating serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and elucidating whether they could be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of PD. MATERIALS/METHODS Serum levels of retinol, α- and γ-tocopherols, α- and β-carotenes, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin were measured and compared between 104 patients with idiopathic PD and 52 healthy controls matched for age and gender. In order to examine the relationship between antioxidant vitamins and the disease progression, multiple group comparisons were performed among the early PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage I and II, N = 47), advanced PD (stage III and IV, N = 57) and control groups. Separate correlation analyses were performed between the measured antioxidant vitamins and clinical variables, such as Hoehn and Yahr stage and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score. RESULTS Compared to controls, PD patients had lower levels of α- and β-carotenes and lycopene. α-carotene, β-carotene and lycopene levels were significantly reduced in advanced PD patients relative to early PD patients and were negatively correlated with Hoehn and Yahr stage and UPDRS motor score in PD patients. No significant differences were found in serum levels of retinol, α- and γ-tocopherols, and other carotenoids between PD patients and controls. No significant correlations were found between these vitamin levels and clinical variables in PD patients. CONCLUSIONS We found that serum levels of some carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene and lycopene, were lower in PD patients, and that these carotenoids inversely correlated with clinical variables representing disease progression. Our findings suggest that decreases in serum α-carotene, β-carotene and lycopene may be associated with the pathogenesis as well as progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Guro-dong Road, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Jinah Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Korea
| | - Eugene Shim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Soongeui Women's College, Seoul 04628, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Chung
- Division of General Studies, Kangnam University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16979, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Jang
- Division of Diet Research, Institute of Food & Culture, Pulmuone, Seoul 13722, Korea
| | - Seong-Beom Koh
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Guro-dong Road, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea
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Coenzyme Q10 redox balance and a free radical scavenger drug. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 595:132-5. [PMID: 27095229 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sharma A, Fonarow GC, Butler J, Ezekowitz JA, Felker GM. Coenzyme Q10 and Heart Failure: A State-of-the-Art Review. Circ Heart Fail 2016; 9:e002639. [PMID: 27012265 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with either preserved or reduced ejection fraction is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Evidence-based therapies are often limited by tolerability, hypotension, electrolyte disturbances, and renal dysfunction. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may represent a safe therapeutic option for patients with HF. CoQ10 is a highly lipophilic molecule with a chemical structure similar to vitamin K. Although being a common component of cellular membranes, CoQ10's most prominent role is to facilitate the production of adenosine triphosphate in the mitochondria by participating in redox reactions within the electron transport chain. Numerous trials during the past 30 years examining CoQ10 in patients with HF have been limited by small numbers and lack of contemporary HF therapies. The recent publication of the Q-SYMBIO randomized controlled trial demonstrated a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events with CoQ10 supplementation in a contemporary HF population. Although having limitations, this study has renewed interest in evaluating CoQ10 supplementation in patients with HF. Current literature suggests that CoQ10 is relatively safe with few drug interactions and side effects. Furthermore, it is already widely available as an over-the-counter supplement. These findings warrant future adequately powered randomized controlled trials of CoQ10 supplementation in patients with HF. This state-of-the-art review summarizes the literature about the mechanisms, clinical data, and safety profile of CoQ10 supplementation in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sharma
- From the Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Heart Center, Durham, NC (A.S., G.M.F.); Division of Cardiology, Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton (A.S., J.A.E.); Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (G.C.F.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B.)
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- From the Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Heart Center, Durham, NC (A.S., G.M.F.); Division of Cardiology, Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton (A.S., J.A.E.); Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (G.C.F.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B.)
| | - Javed Butler
- From the Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Heart Center, Durham, NC (A.S., G.M.F.); Division of Cardiology, Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton (A.S., J.A.E.); Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (G.C.F.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B.)
| | - Justin A Ezekowitz
- From the Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Heart Center, Durham, NC (A.S., G.M.F.); Division of Cardiology, Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton (A.S., J.A.E.); Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (G.C.F.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B.)
| | - G Michael Felker
- From the Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Heart Center, Durham, NC (A.S., G.M.F.); Division of Cardiology, Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton (A.S., J.A.E.); Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (G.C.F.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University, NY (J.B.).
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Niklowitz P, Fischer A, Onur S, Paulussen M, Menke T, Döring F. Smoking habits and coenzyme Q10 status in healthy European adults. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:715-20. [PMID: 27478450 PMCID: PMC4947618 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.60953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipophilic endogenously synthesised antioxidant that is present in nearly all human tissues and plays an important role in mitochondrial energy production. It has been postulated that smoking has a consumptive effect on CoQ10. MATERIAL AND METHODS To further define the relation between smoking and the serum CoQ10 status, 276 healthy volunteers aged 19 to 62 years were grouped into non-smokers (n = 113; 77 male, 36 female) and smokers (n = 163; 102 male, 61 female). Serum lipid profile was analysed by standard clinical chemistry. Coenzyme Q10 concentration and redox status were analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. RESULTS Male smokers showed higher serum CoQ10 levels than female smokers. This sex-related difference was accounted for when CoQ10 was related to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as the main carrier of CoQ10 in the circulation. Neither LDL-adjusted CoQ10 concentration nor redox status significantly differed when smokers and non-smokers were compared. Regarding the smoking history, the number of cigarettes consumed per day did not significantly affect the CoQ10 status. Interestingly, with increasing time of smoking habit we observed increasing levels of LDL-adjusted serum CoQ10 concentration (Spearman's p < 0.002) and of the reduced form of CoQ10 (Spearman's p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS As an adaptive response to oxidative stress in long-term smokers an increased demand for antioxidant capacity may be covered by increasing levels of LDL-adjusted CoQ10 serum concentrations and by a concomitantly increased availability of the reduced, active form of CoQ10, possibly by induction of enzymes that are involved in converting CoQ10ox to CoQ10red.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Niklowitz
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Alexandra Fischer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simone Onur
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Paulussen
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Thomas Menke
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Khan M, Gross J, Haupt H, Jainz A, Niklowitz P, Scherer H, Schmidt FP, Klapp BF, Reisshauer A, Mazurek B. A pilot clinical trial of the effects of coenzyme Q10 on chronic tinnitus aurium. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 136:72-7. [PMID: 17210337 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the short-term effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the antioxidative status and tinnitus expression in patients with chronic tinnitus aurium. STUDY DESIGN: A 16-week prospective nonrandomized clinical trial (n = 20). Tinnitus and Short Form-36 Questionnaires (TQ/SF-36) were evaluated together with the plasma concentrations of CoQ10, malondialdehyde, and the total antioxidant status. RESULTS: The mean plasma CoQ10 concentration rose under external CoQ10 supply and remained elevated after medication stopped without overall effects on the tinnitus score. However, in a subgroup of 7 patients with low initial plasma CoQ10 concentration and significant increase in the plasma CoQ10 level, a clear decrease in the TQ score was observed. CONCLUSION: In patients with a low plasma CoQ10 concentration, CoQ10 supply may decrease the tinnitus expression. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study to examine the effect of CoQ10 in chronic tinnitus aurium. © 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Khan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Algarni MA, Stoessl AJ. The role of biomarkers and imaging in Parkinson’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:187-203. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2016.1135056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Niklowitz P, Onur S, Fischer A, Laudes M, Palussen M, Menke T, Döring F. Coenzyme Q10 serum concentration and redox status in European adults: influence of age, sex, and lipoprotein concentration. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 58:240-5. [PMID: 27257350 PMCID: PMC4865593 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is synthesized in almost all human tissues and presumably involved in age-related alterations and diseases. Here, we examined the impact of aging and sex on the serum CoQ10 status in 860 European adults ranging in age from 18 to 82 years. We identified an inverse U-shaped relationship between CoQ10 concentration and age. Women showed lower cholesterol-adjusted CoQ10 levels than men, irrespective of age. As observed in both sexes, the decrease in CoQ10 concentration in older subjects was accompanied by a shift in the redox status in favour of the oxidized form. A strong positive correlation was found for total CoQ10 and cholesterol concentrations (Spearman’s, p≤1E-74). We found strong negative correlations between total (Spearman’s, p≤1E-07) and between cholesterol-adjusted CoQ10 concentration (Spearman’s, p≤1E-14) and the proportion of the oxidized form of CoQ10. These correlations were not dependent on age and sex and were attenuated by supplementation with 150 mg/day reduced CoQ10 for 14 days. Overall, our results are useful to define risk groups with critical CoQ10 status in humans. In particular, older subjects were characterized by impaired CoQ10 status due to their lowered serum CoQ10 concentration and concomitant decrease of CoQ10 redox capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Niklowitz
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Straße 5, D-45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Simone Onur
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexandra Fischer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 6, Haus 6, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Palussen
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Straße 5, D-45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Thomas Menke
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Straße 5, D-45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Old Things New View: Ascorbic Acid Protects the Brain in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28194-217. [PMID: 26633354 PMCID: PMC4691042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is a key antioxidant of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Under brain activity, ascorbic acid is released from glial reservoirs to the synaptic cleft, where it is taken up by neurons. In neurons, ascorbic acid scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during synaptic activity and neuronal metabolism where it is then oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid and released into the extracellular space, where it can be recycled by astrocytes. Other intrinsic properties of ascorbic acid, beyond acting as an antioxidant, are important in its role as a key molecule of the CNS. Ascorbic acid can switch neuronal metabolism from glucose consumption to uptake and use of lactate as a metabolic substrate to sustain synaptic activity. Multiple evidence links oxidative stress with neurodegeneration, positioning redox imbalance and ROS as a cause of neurodegeneration. In this review, we focus on ascorbic acid homeostasis, its functions, how it is used by neurons and recycled to ensure antioxidant supply during synaptic activity and how this antioxidant is dysregulated in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Niklowitz P, Scherer J, Döring F, Paulussen M, Menke T. Oxidized proportion of muscle coenzyme Q10 increases with age in healthy children. Pediatr Res 2015; 78:365-70. [PMID: 26107394 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is synthesized in most human tissues, with high concentration in the skeletal muscle. CoQ10 functions in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and serves as a potent liphophilic antioxidant in membranes. CoQ10 deficiency impairs mitochondrial ATP synthesis and increases oxidative stress. It has been suggested that plasma CoQ10 status is not a robust proxy for the diagnosis of CoQ10 deficiency. METHODS We determined the concentration and redox-status of CoQ10 in plasma and muscle tissue from 140 healthy children (0.8-15.3 y) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. RESULTS There was no correlation between CoQ10 concentration or redox status between plasma and muscle tissue. Lipid-related CoQ10 plasma concentrations showed a negative correlation with age (Spearman's, P ≤ 0.02), but there was no significant age-related correlation for muscle concentration. In muscle tissue, we found a distinct shift in the redox status in favor of the oxidized proportion with increasing age (Spearman's, P ≤ 0.00001). Reference values for muscle CoQ10 concentration (40.5 ± 12.2 pmol/mg wet tissue) and CoQ10 redox status (46.8 ± 6.8% oxidized within total) were established for healthy children. CONCLUSION The age-related redox shift in muscle tissue suggests changes in antioxidative defense during childhood. The reference values established here provide a necessary prerequisite for diagnosing early CoQ10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Niklowitz
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherer
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Paulussen
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Thomas Menke
- Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder due to the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. Alpha-synuclein phosphorylation and α-synuclein inclusion (Lewy body) become a main contributor, but little is known about their formation mechanism. Here we used protein expression profiling of PD to construct a model of their signalling network from drsophila to human and nominate major nodes that regulate PD development. We found in this network that LK6, a serine/threonine protein kinase, plays a key role in promoting α-synuclein Ser129 phosphorylation by identification of LK6 knockout and overexpression. In vivo test was further confirmed that LK6 indeed enhances α-synuclein phosphorylation, accelerates the death of dopaminergic neurons, reduces the climbing ability and shortens the the life span of drosophila. Further, MAP kinase-interacting kinase 2a (Mnk2a), a human homolog of LK6, also been shown to make α-synuclein phosphorylation and leads to α-synuclein inclusion formation. On the mechanism, the phosphorylation mediated by LK6 and Mnk2a is controlled through ERK signal pathway by phorbolmyristate acetate (PMA) avtivation and PD98059 inhibition. Our findings establish pivotal role of Lk6 and Mnk2a in unprecedented signalling networks, may lead to new therapies preventing α-synuclein inclusion formation and neurodegeneration.
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50
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Yoritaka A, Kawajiri S, Yamamoto Y, Nakahara T, Ando M, Hashimoto K, Nagase M, Saito Y, Hattori N. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of reduced coenzyme Q10 for Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:911-6. [PMID: 26054881 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial complex I deficiencies have been found in post-mortem brains of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is the electron acceptor found in complexes I and II, and is a potent antioxidant. A recent trial of the oxidized form of CoQ10 for PD failed to show benefits; however, the reduced form of CoQ10 (ubiquinol-10) has shown better neuroprotective effects in animal models. METHODS Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group pilot trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of ubiquinol-10 in Japanese patients with PD. Participants were divided into two groups: PD experiencing wearing off (Group A), and early PD, without levodopa (with or without a dopamine agonist) (Group B). Participants took 300 mg of ubiquinol-10 or placebo per day for 48 weeks (Group A) or 96 weeks (Group B). RESULTS In Group A, total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores decreased in the ubiquinol-10 group (n = 14; mean ± SD [-4.2 ± 8.2]), indicating improvement in symptoms. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with the placebo group (n = 12; 2.9 ± 8.9). In Group B, UPDRS increased in the ubiquinol-10 group (n = 14; 3.9 ± 8.0), as well as in the placebo group (n = 8; 5.1 ± 10.3). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report showing that ubiquinol-10 may significantly improve PD with wearing off, as judged by total UPDRS scores, and that ubiquinol-10 is safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Yoritaka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Japan
| | - Sumihiro Kawajiri
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yorihiro Yamamoto
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Maya Ando
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hashimoto
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Japan
| | - Midori Nagase
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Japan
| | - Yufuko Saito
- Department of Neurology, Higashi Nagoya National Hospital, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan.
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