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Bo W, Cai M, Ma Y, Di L, Geng Y, Li H, Tang C, Tai F, He Z, Tian Z. Manipulation of Glutamatergic Neuronal Activity in the Primary Motor Cortex Regulates Cardiac Function in Normal and Myocardial Infarction Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305581. [PMID: 38488323 PMCID: PMC11132081 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac function is under neural regulation; however, brain regions in the cerebral cortex responsible for regulating cardiac function remain elusive. In this study, retrograde trans-synaptic viral tracing is used from the heart to identify a specific population of the excitatory neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1) that influences cardiac function in mice. Optogenetic activation of M1 glutamatergic neurons increases heart rate, ejection fraction, and blood pressure. By contrast, inhibition of M1 glutamatergic neurons decreased cardiac function and blood pressure as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the heart. Using viral tracing and optogenetics, the median raphe nucleus (MnR) is identified as one of the key relay brain regions in the circuit from M1 that affect cardiac function. Then, a mouse model of cardiac injury is established caused by myocardial infarction (MI), in which optogenetic activation of M1 glutamatergic neurons impaired cardiac function in MI mice. Moreover, ablation of M1 neurons decreased the levels of norepinephrine and cardiac TH expression, and enhanced cardiac function in MI mice. These findings establish that the M1 neurons involved in the regulation of cardiac function and blood pressure. They also help the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying cardiovascular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Bo
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Institute of Brain and Behavioral SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Mengxin Cai
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Institute of Brain and Behavioral SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Institute of Brain and Behavioral SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Lingyun Di
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Institute of Brain and Behavioral SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Yanbin Geng
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Institute of Brain and Behavioral SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Hangzhuo Li
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Institute of Brain and Behavioral SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Caicai Tang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Institute of Brain and Behavioral SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Fadao Tai
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Institute of Brain and Behavioral SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Zhixiong He
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Institute of Brain and Behavioral SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Institute of Brain and Behavioral SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
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2
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Jiao H, Wang Y, Fu K, Xiao X, Jia MQ, Sun J, Wang J, Zhu G, Lyu D, Lu Q, Peng Y, Lv J, Su L, Gao Y. An orexin-receptor-2-mediated heart-brain axis in cardiac pain. iScience 2024; 27:109067. [PMID: 38361621 PMCID: PMC10867640 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Orexin is a neuropeptide released from hypothalamus regulating feeding, sleeping, arousal, and cardiovascular activity. Past research has demonstrated that orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) agonist infusion in the brain results in sympathoexcitatory responses. Here, we found that epicardial administration of OX2R agonism leads to opposite responses. We proved that OX2R is expressed mainly in DRG neurons and transported to sensory nerve endings innervating the heart. In a capsaicin-induced cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) model, we recorded the calcium influx in DRG neurons, measured heart rate variability, and examined the PVN c-Fos activity to prove that epicardial OX2R agonism administration could attenuate capsaicin-induced CSAR. We further showed that OX2R agonism could partially rescue acute myocardial infarction by reducing sympathetic overactivation. Our data indicate that epicardial application of OX2R agonist exerts a cardioprotective effect by attenuating CSAR. This OX2R-mediated heart-brain axis may provide therapeutic targets for acute cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yongjin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Kang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Mo-Qiu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Jia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Daying Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Qiulun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Yu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
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3
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Su Y, Huang J, Sun S, He T, Wang T, Fan M, Yu H, Yan J, Yao L, Xia Y, Zhang M, Zheng Y, Luo X, Zhang Y, Lu M, Zou M, Liu C, Chen Y. Restoring the Autonomic Balance in an Atrial Fibrillation Rat Model by Electroacupuncture at the Neiguan Point. Neuromodulation 2022:S1094-7159(22)01366-6. [PMID: 36522251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autonomic nervous activity imbalance plays an important role in atrial fibrillation (AF). AF can be treated by acupuncture at the Neiguan point (PC6), but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we investigated autonomic nervous system activity in electroacupuncture (EA) at PC6 in a rat AF model. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we established a rat AF model via tail vein injection with ACh-CaCl2 for ten consecutive days with or without EA at PC6. AF inducibility and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed by electrocardiogram. Next, we completed in vivo recording of the activity of cervical sympathetic and vagal nerves, respectively. Finally, the activities of brain regions related to autonomic nerve regulation were assessed by c-Fos immunofluorescence and multichannel recording. RESULTS EA at PC6 decreased AF inducibility and prevented changes in HRV caused by ACh-CaCl2 injection. Meanwhile, EA at PC6 reversed the increased sympathetic and decreased vagal nerve activity in AF rats. Furthermore, EA treatment downregulated increased c-Fos expression in brain regions, including paraventricular nucleus, rostral ventrolateral medulla, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in AF, while c-Fos expression in nucleus ambiguus was upregulated with EA. CONCLUSION The protective effect of EA at PC6 on AF is associated with balance between sympathetic and vagal nerve activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengxuan Sun
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng He
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Taiyi Wang
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mengyue Fan
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huanhuan Yu
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinglan Yan
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yucen Xia
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanjia Zheng
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuewen Zhang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manqi Lu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixia Zou
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunzhi Liu
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Martin D, Reihe C, Drummer S, Roessler K, Boomer S, Nelson M. Venoconstrictor responses to activation of bradykinin-sensitive pericardial afferents involve the region of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15221. [PMID: 35307973 PMCID: PMC8935126 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Veins are important in the control of venous return, cardiac output, and cardiovascular homeostasis. However, the effector systems modulating venous function remain to be fully elucidated. We demonstrated that activation of bradykinin-sensitive pericardial afferents elicited systemic venoconstriction. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an important site modulating autonomic outflow to the venous compartment. We tested the hypothesis that the PVN region is involved in the venoconstrictor response to pericardial injection of bradykinin. Rats were anesthetized with urethane/alpha chloralose and instrumented for recording arterial pressure, vena caval pressure, and mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), an index of venous tone. The rats were fitted with a pericardial catheter and PVN injector guide tubes. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and MCFP responses to pericardial injection of bradykinin (1, 10 µg/kg) were recorded before and after PVN injection of omega conotoxin GVIA (200 ng/200 nl). Pericardial injection of saline produced no systematic effects on MAP, HR, or MCFP. In contrast, pericardial injection of bradykinin was associated with short latency increases in MAP (16 ± 4 to 18 ± 2 mm Hg) and MCFP 0.35 ± 0.19 to 1.01 ± 0.27 mm Hg. Heart rate responses to pericardial BK were highly variable, but HR was significantly increased (15 ± 9 bpm) at the higher BK dose. Conotoxin injection in the PVN region did not affect baseline values for these variables. However, injection of conotoxin into the area of the PVN largely attenuated the pressor (-1 ± 3 to 6 ± 3 mm Hg), MCFP (-0.19 ± 0.07 to 0.20 ± 0.18 mm Hg), and HR (4 ± 14 bpm) responses to pericardial bradykinin injection. We conclude that the PVN region is involved in the venoconstrictor responses to pericardial bradykinin injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug Martin
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Casey Reihe
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Sam Drummer
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Kyle Roessler
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Shane Boomer
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Madeleine Nelson
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSouth DakotaUSA
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5
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Fortino TA, Randelman ML, Hall AA, Singh J, Bloom DC, Engel E, Hoh DJ, Hou S, Zholudeva LV, Lane MA. Transneuronal tracing to map connectivity in injured and transplanted spinal networks. Exp Neurol 2022; 351:113990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.113990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Zhang F, Wu LB, Yu Q, Wang MJ, Zeng XL, Wei XT, Wu ZJ, Cai RL, Hu L. Neurotropic Viruses as a Tool for Neural Circuit-Tracing. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Yu Z, Han J, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhou L, Wang M, Zhang R, Jin X, Zhang G, Wang C, Xu T, Xie M, Wang X, Zhou X, Jiang H. Oral Supplementation With Butyrate Improves Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via a Gut-Brain Neural Circuit. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:718674. [PMID: 34631821 PMCID: PMC8495014 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.718674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by the intestinal microbiota, plays a protective role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but the mechanisms involved in this process remain unelucidated. We aimed to explore the effect of butyrate on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through the gut-brain neural circuit. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group (sham), I/R group (I/R), I/R+ butyrate group (butyrate), and I/R+ butyrate+ vagotomy group (vagotomy). The rats were treated with sodium butyrate for 4 weeks, and the gut-brain neural circuit was investigated by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Results: Butyrate treatment significantly reduced the infarct size and decreased the expression of creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) compared with the values found for the I/R group. In addition, the I/R-induced increases in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were attenuated by butyrate. However, the above-mentioned protective effects were diminished by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. The RNA sequencing results also revealed that the butyrate-induced protective changes at the cardiac transcription level were reversed by vagotomy. An analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) and the detection of norepinephrine (NE) showed that butyrate significantly inhibited the I/R-induced autonomic imbalance, but this inhibition was not observed in the vagotomy group. Butyrate treatment also suppressed the neural activity of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and superior cervical ganglion (SCG), and both of these effects were lost after vagotomy. Conclusions: Butyrate treatment significantly improves myocardial I/R injury via a gut-brain neural circuit, and this cardioprotective effect is likely mediated by suppression of the sympathetic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiapeng Han
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guocheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyou Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengjie Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Karnup S, De Groat W. Mapping of spinal interneurons involved in regulation of the lower urinary tract in juvenile male rats. IBRO Rep 2020; 9:115-131. [PMID: 32775758 PMCID: PMC7394742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination between the urinary bladder (BL) and external urethral sphincter (EUS) is necessary for storage and elimination of urine. In rats interneuronal circuits at two levels of the spinal cord (i.e., L6-S1 and L3-L4) play an important role in this coordination. In the present experiments retrograde trans-synaptic transport of pseudorabies virus (PRV) encoding fluorescent markers (GFP and RFP) was used to trace these circuits. To examine the relative localization of EUS-related and BL-related interneuronal populations we injected PRV-GFP into the EUS and PRV-RFP into the BL wall. The PRV infected populations of spinal interneurons were localized primarily in the dorsal commissure (DCM) of L6/S1 and in a hypothesized lumbar spinal coordinating center (LSCC) in L3/L4 above and lateral to central canal (CC). At both sites colocalization of markers occurred in a substantial number of labeled interneurons indicating concomitant involvement of these double-labelled neurons in the EUS- and BL-circuits and suggesting their role in EUS-BL coordination. Intense GFP or RFP fluorescent was detected in a subpopulation of cells at both sites suggesting that they were infected earlier and therefore likely to represent first order, primary interneurons that directly synapse with output neurons. Larger numbers of weakly fluorescent neurons that likely represent second order interneurons were also identified. Within the population of EUS-related first order interneurons only 3-8 % exhibited positive immunoreaction for an early transcription factor Pax2 specific to GABAergic and glycinergic inhibitory neurons suggesting that the majority of interneurons in DCM and LSCC projecting directly to the EUS motoneurons are excitatory.
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Key Words
- BCM, bulbocavernosus muscle
- BL, bladder
- B_G, bright green
- B_R, bright red
- CC -, central canal
- DCM, dorsal commissure
- DSD, detrusor-sphincter-dyssynergia
- EMG, electromyogram
- EUS, external urethral sphincter
- EUS-MN, motoneuron of the external urethral sphincter
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- IML, intermediolateral nucleus
- IN, interneuron
- LSCC, lumbar spinal coordinating center
- LUT, lower urinary tract
- Lf, lateral funiculus
- PPN, propriospinal neuron
- PRV, pseudorabies virus
- Pseudorabies virus
- RFP, red fluorescent protein
- SC, spinal cord
- SCI, spinal cord injury
- SPPN, spinal parasympathetic preganglionic neuron
- Spinal cord
- Transsynaptic tracing
- VMf, ventro-medial funiculus
- W_G, weak/moderate green
- W_R, weak/moderate red
- pIN, primary interneuron
- sIN, secondary interneuron
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Affiliation(s)
- S.V. Karnup
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
| | - W.C. De Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
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9
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Lu QB, Sun J, Kang Y, Sun HJ, Wang HS, Wang Y, Zhu GQ, Zhou YB. Superoxide Anions and NO in the Paraventricular Nucleus Modulate the Cardiac Sympathetic Afferent Reflex in Obese Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010059. [PMID: 29280941 PMCID: PMC5796009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the hypothesis that the endogenous superoxide anions (O2−) and nitric oxide (NO) system of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) regulates the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) contributing to sympathoexcitation in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet (42% kcal as fat) for 12 weeks. CSAR was evaluated by monitoring the changes of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to the epicardial application of capsaicin (CAP) in anaesthetized rats. In obese rats with hypertension (OH group) or without hypertension (OB group), the levels of PVN O2−, angiotensinII (Ang II), Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase were elevated, whereas neural NO synthase (nNOS) and NO were significantly reduced. Moreover, CSAR was markedly enhanced, which promoted the elevation of plasma norepinephrine levels. The enhanced CSAR was attenuated by PVN application of the superoxide scavenger polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) and the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and was strengthened by the superoxide dismutase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DETC) and the nNOS inhibitor N(ω)-propyl-l-arginine hydrochloride (PLA); conversely, there was a smaller CSAR response to PLA or SNP in rats that received a low-fat (12% kcal) diet. Furthermore, PVN pretreatment with the AT1R antagonist losartan or with PEG-SOD, but not SNP, abolished Ang II-induced CSAR enhancement. These findings suggest that obesity alters the PVN O2− and NO system that modulates CSAR and promotes sympathoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Ying Kang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Hai-Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Hui-Shan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Xu LJ, Liu TT, He ZG, Hong QX, Xiang HB. Hypothesis: CeM-RVLM circuits may be implicated in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy by melanocortinergic-sympathetic signaling. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 45:124-7. [PMID: 25819799 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Xu
- Department of Cardiothroracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, PR China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Qing-Xiong Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Hong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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11
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Chen WW, Xiong XQ, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. Cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex and its implications for sympathetic activation in chronic heart failure and hypertension. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:778-94. [PMID: 25598170 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Persistent excessive sympathetic activation greatly contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF) and hypertension. Cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) is a sympathoexcitatory reflex with positive feedback characteristics. Humoral factors such as bradykinin, adenosine and reactive oxygen species produced in myocardium due to myocardial ischaemia stimulate cardiac sympathetic afferents and thereby reflexly increase sympathetic activity and blood pressure. The CSAR is enhanced in myocardial ischaemia, CHF and hypertension. The enhanced CSAR at least partially contributes to the sympathetic activation and pathogenesis of these diseases. Nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and rostral ventrolateral medulla are the most important central sites involved in the modulation and integration of the CSAR. Angiotensin II, AT1 receptors and NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anions pathway in the PVN are mainly responsible for the enhanced CSAR in CHF and hypertension. Central angiotensin-(1-7), nitric oxide, endothelin, intermedin, hydrogen peroxide and several other signal molecules are involved in regulating CSAR. Blockade of the CSAR shows beneficial effects in CHF and hypertension. This review focuses on the anatomical and physiological basis of the CSAR, the interaction of CSAR with baroreflex and chemoreflex, and the role of enhanced CSAR in the pathogenesis of CHF and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.-W. Chen
- Department of Physiology; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - X.-Q. Xiong
- Department of Physiology; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Q. Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Y.-H. Li
- Department of Pathophysiology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Y.-M. Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Cardiovascular Research Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Xi'an China
| | - G.-Q. Zhu
- Department of Physiology; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
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