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Zhang X, Yang L, Zhang J, Huang P, Jin Z, Liu Y, Zeng D. Association between galectin-3 and the prognosis of patients with stroke: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:270-280. [PMID: 38151436 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prognostic value of galectin-3 among patients with stroke. DATA SYNTHESIS Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and Clinical Trials, were utilized for conducting searches from database inception to November 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the papers, extracted the data, and used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to determine the risk of bias. Stata 17 was employed to conduct the meta-analysis, while the funnel plot was utilized to identify potential publication bias. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were employed to examine the sources of heterogeneity. Nine studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. Galectin-3 levels were higher post-stroke in patients with poor outcomes and mortality compared to those in patients with good outcomes (standardized mean difference [SMD], 2.83; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.25-4.40; P<0.001) and stroke survivors (SMD, 1.18; 95 % CI, 0.96-1,39; P< 0.001), and elevated galectin-3 levels were associated with poor stroke outcomes (odds ratio [OR], 1.19; 95 % CI, 1.06-1.33; P<0.001). Further, higher post-stroke galectin-3 levels were associated with a higher risk of mortality (OR, 1.16; 95 % CI, 1.08-1.25; P<0.001), and this relationship was maintained after trim-and-fill analyses (OR, 1.14; 95 % CI, 1.06-1.22). CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3 levels post-stroke are increased in patients with a poor prognosis, and this elevation is associated with poor stroke outcomes and mortality. It is recommended that further high-caliber investigations with expanded sample sizes corroborate the outcomes of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linjia Yang
- The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengpeng Huang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenhua Jin
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Duchun Zeng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Guo P, Zou W. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, white blood cell, and C-reactive protein predicts poor outcome and increased mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage patients: a meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1288377. [PMID: 38288330 PMCID: PMC10824245 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1288377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammation participates in the pathology and progression of secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This meta-analysis intended to explore the prognostic role of inflammatory indexes, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), white blood cell (WBC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in ICH patients. Methods Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched until June 2023. Two outcomes, including poor outcome and mortality were extracted and measured. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were presented for outcome assessment. Results Forty-six studies with 25,928 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The high level of NLR [OR (95% CI): 1.20 (1.13-1.27), p < 0.001], WBC [OR (95% CI): 1.11 (1.02-1.21), p = 0.013], and CRP [OR (95% CI): 1.29 (1.08-1.54), p = 0.005] were related to poor outcome in ICH patients. Additionally, the high level of NLR [OR (95% CI): 1.06 (1.02-1.10), p = 0.001], WBC [OR (95% CI): 1.39 (1.16-1.66), p < 0.001], and CRP [OR (95% CI): 1.02 (1.01-1.04), p = 0.009] were correlated with increased mortality in ICH patients. Nevertheless, PLR was not associated with poor outcome [OR (95% CI): 1.00 (0.99-1.01), p = 0.749] or mortality [OR (95% CI): 1.00 (0.99-1.01), p = 0.750] in ICH patients. The total score of risk of bias assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria ranged from 7-9, which indicated the low risk of bias in the included studies. Publication bias was low, and stability assessed by sensitivity analysis was good. Conclusion This meta-analysis summarizes that the high level of NLR, WBC, and CRP estimates poor outcome and higher mortality in ICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Guo
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Third Ward of Acupuncture Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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3
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Galectin-3, a rising star in modulating microglia activation under conditions of neurodegeneration. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:628. [PMID: 35859075 PMCID: PMC9300700 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput single-cell transcriptomic analysis of microglia has revealed different phenotypes that are inherently associated with disease conditions. A common feature of some of these activated phenotypes is the upregulation of galectin-3. Representative examples of these phenotypes include disease-associated microglia (DAM) and white-associated microglia (WAM), whose role(s) in neuroprotection/neurotoxicity is a matter of high interest in the microglia community. In this review, we summarise the main findings that demonstrate the ability of galectin-3 to interact with key pattern recognition receptors, including, among others, TLR4 and TREM2 and the importance of galectin-3 in the regulation of microglia activation. Finally, we discuss increasing evidence supporting the involvement of this lectin in the main neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and stroke.
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Mijailović NR, Vesic K, Arsenijevic D, Milojević-Rakić M, Borovcanin MM. Galectin-3 Involvement in Cognitive Processes for New Therapeutic Considerations. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:923811. [PMID: 35875353 PMCID: PMC9296991 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.923811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment may be a consequence of the normal aging process, but it may also be the hallmark of various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Early identification of individuals at particular risk for cognitive decline is critical, as it is imperative to maintain a cognitive reserve in these neuropsychiatric entities. In recent years, galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of the galectin family, has received considerable attention with respect to aspects of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The mechanisms behind the putative relationship between Gal-3 and cognitive impairment are not yet clear. Intrigued by this versatile molecule and its unique modular architecture, the latest data on this relationship are presented here. This mini-review summarizes recent findings on the mechanisms by which Gal-3 affects cognitive functioning in both animal and human models. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of Gal-3 in modulating the inflammatory response as a fine-tuner of microglia morphology and phenotype. A review of recent literature on the utility of Gal-3 as a biomarker is provided, and approaches to strategically exploit Gal-3 activities with therapeutic intentions in neuropsychiatric diseases are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša R. Mijailović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Nataša R. Mijailović,
| | - Katarina Vesic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Milica M. Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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5
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He F, Blackberry I, Yao L, Xie H, Rasekaba T, Mnatzaganian G. Pooled incidence and case-fatality of acute stroke in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macao: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270554. [PMID: 35759497 PMCID: PMC9236238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Stroke incidence and case-fatality in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macao vary by geographic region and rates often differ across and within regions. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SR) estimated the pooled incidence and short-term case-fatality of acute first ever stroke in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macao.
Methods
Longitudinal studies published in English or Chinese after 1990 were searched in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, SinoMed and CQVIP. The incidence was expressed as Poisson means estimated as the number of events divided by time at risk. Random effect models calculated the pooled incidence and pooled case-fatality. Chi-squared trend tests evaluated change in the estimates over time. When possible, age standardised rates were calculated. Percent of variation across studies that was due to heterogeneity rather than chance was tested using the I2 statistic.The effect of covariates on heterogeneity was investigated using meta-regressions. Publication bias was tested using funnel plots and Egger’s tests.
Results
Overall, 72 studies were included. The pooled incidences of total stroke (TS), ischaemic stroke (IS) and haemorrhagic stroke (HS) were 468.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): 163.33–1346.11), 366.79 (95% CI: 129.66–1037.64) and 106.67 (95% CI: 55.96–203.33) per 100,000 person-years, respectively, varied according to the four economic regions (East Coast, Central China, Northeast and Western China) with the lowest rates detected in the East Coast. Increased trends over time in the incidence of TS and IS were observed (p<0.001 in both). One-month and three-to-twelve-month case-fatalities were 0.11 (95% CI: 0.04–0.18) and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.12–0.17), respectively for IS; and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.26–0.45) and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.18–0.32), respectively for HS. One-month case-fatality of IS and HS decreased over time for both (p<0.001). Three-to-twelve-month fatalities following IS increased over time (p<0.001). Publication bias was not found.
Conclusions
Regional differences in stroke incidence were observed with the highest rates detected in less developed regions. Although 1-month fatality following IS is decreasing, the increased trends in 3-12-month fatality may suggest an inappropriate long-term management following index hospital discharge.
Registration
Registration-URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; Reference code: CRD42020170724
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Albury-Wodonga, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Irene Blackberry
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Albury-Wodonga, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liqing Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Haiyan Xie
- Department of Healthcare, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tshepo Rasekaba
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Albury-Wodonga, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Mnatzaganian
- Rural Department of Community Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Jansen van Vuuren J, Pillay S, Naidoo A. Circulating Biomarkers in Long-Term Stroke Prognosis: A Scoping Review Focusing on the South African Setting. Cureus 2022; 14:e23971. [PMID: 35547443 PMCID: PMC9090128 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease, including both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes, remains one of the highest causes of global morbidity and mortality. Developing nations, such as South Africa (SA), are affected disproportionately. Early identification of stroke patients at risk of poor clinical prognosis may result in improved outcomes. In addition to conventional neuroimaging, the role of predictive biomarkers has been shown to be important. Little data exist on their applicability within SA. This scoping review aimed to evaluate the currently available data pertaining to blood biomarkers that aid in the long-term prognostication of patients following stroke and its potential application in the South African setting. This scoping review followed a 6-stage process to identify and critically review currently available literature pertaining to prognostic biomarkers in stroke. An initial 1191 articles were identified and, following rigorous review, 41 articles were included for the purposes of the scoping review. A number of potential biomarkers were identified and grouped according to the function or origin of the marker. Although most biomarkers showed great prognostic potential, the cost and availability will likely limit their application within SA. The burden of stroke is increasing worldwide and appears to be affecting developing countries disproportionately. Access to neuroradiological services is not readily available in all settings and the addition of biomarkers to assist in the long-term prognostication of patients following a stroke can be of great clinical value. The cost and availability of many of the reviewed biomarkers will likely hinder their use in the South African setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jansen van Vuuren
- Department of Neurology, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, ZAF
- School of Clinical Medicine, PhD programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, ZAF
- Member, Royal Society of South Africa, Cape Town, ZAF
| | | | - Ansuya Naidoo
- Neurology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, ZAF
- Department of Neurology, Grey's Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, ZAF
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7
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Galectin-3: A Novel Marker for the Prediction of Stroke Incidence and Clinical Prognosis. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2924773. [PMID: 35281427 PMCID: PMC8904909 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2924773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke, whether ischemic or haemorrhagic, is one of the main causes of mortality and disability all over the world, which entails huge burdens in both healthcare environments as well as social and economic aspects of life. Therefore, there is a continuous search for novel reliable biomarkers that can enhance the recognition of stroke events in a timely manner and predict the clinical outcomes following a stroke event. Galectins are a group of proteins expressed by many types of cells and tissues including vasculature, certain immune cells, fibroblasts, and gastrointestinal epithelial cells. These proteins vary in their structure and configuration according to their type and have a diversity of functions according to the type of tissue they are expressed in. Among these proteins, a few studies investigated mainly the roles played by galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) in the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis and in brain tissue remodeling after a stroke event. In this review, we present an updated overview of the current understanding of Gal-3's functions and implications in stroke occurrence and the response of the brain tissue to stroke events, which may be a key to its utility as a predictor of stroke incidence and clinical prognosis in the future.
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8
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Wang Q, Wang K, Ma Y, Li S, Xu Y. Serum Galectin-3 as a Potential Predictive Biomarker Is Associated with Poststroke Cognitive Impairment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5827812. [PMID: 34900086 PMCID: PMC8660241 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5827812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Galectin-3, an inflammatory mediator derived from microglia, participates in the pathophysiological process of various neurological diseases. However, the relationship between galectin-3 and poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains ambiguous. This research purposed to prove whether serum galectin-3 can predict PSCI. METHODS In the end, an aggregate of 416 patients with the first acute ischemic stroke (AIS) were continuously and prospectively enrolled in the study. Upon admission, the baseline data of AIS patients were collected, and their serum galectin-3 levels were measured. Three months after the stroke, the Montreal Cognitive Scale (MoCA) was utilized to measure the cognitive function of AIS patients, and PSCI was defined as a MoCA score less than 26 points. RESULTS Premised on the MoCA scores, patients were categorized into PSCI cohort and non-PSCI cohort. The two AIS patient cohorts did not exhibit any statistical difference in their baseline characteristics (p > 0.05). However, the serum galectin-3 level of AIS patients in the PSCI cohort was considerably elevated (p < 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis illustrated that serum galectin-3 level was negatively linked to MoCA score (r = -0.396, p < 0.05). The findings from the receiver-operating curve (ROC) illustrated that the sensitivity of serum galectin-3 as a possible biomarker for diagnosing PSCI was 66%, and the specificity was 94%. The cut-off value of serum galectin-3 to diagnose PSCI is 6.3 ng/mL (OR = 5.49, p < 0.001). Upon controlling for different variables, serum galectin-3 level remained to be an independent predictor of PSCI (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum galectin-3 levels are linked to a higher risk of PSCI. Serum galectin-3 could be a prospective biomarker for predicting PSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Taian City Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology-Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology-Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yihong Ma
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
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9
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Biomarkers Utility: At the Borderline between Cardiology and Neurology. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8110139. [PMID: 34821692 PMCID: PMC8621331 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are important diagnostic and prognostic tools as they provide results in a short time while still being an inexpensive, reproducible and accessible method. Their well-known benefits have placed them at the forefront of research in recent years, with new and innovative discoveries being implemented. Cardiovascular and neurological diseases often share common risk factors and pathological pathways which may play an important role in the use and interpretation of biomarkers' values. Among the biomarkers used extensively in clinical practice in cardiology, hs-TroponinT, CK-MB and NTproBNP have been shown to be strongly influenced by multiple neurological conditions. Newer ones such as galectin-3, lysophosphatidylcholine, copeptin, sST2, S100B, myeloperoxidase and GDF-15 have been extensively studied in recent years as alternatives with an increased sensitivity for cardiovascular diseases, but also with significant results in the field of neurology. Thus, given their low specificity, the values interpretation must be correlated with the clinical judgment and other available investigations.
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10
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Alex Matos Ribeiro J, Fernanda García-Salazar L, Regina Saade-Pacheco C, Shirley Moreira Silva É, Garcia Oliveira S, Flávia Silveira A, Sanches Garcia-Araújo A, Luiz Russo T. Prognostic molecular markers for motor recovery in acute hemorrhagic stroke: A systematic review. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:45-60. [PMID: 34389283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Molecular biomarkers are associated with poor prognosis in ischemic stroke individuals. However, it might not be generalizable to post-acute hemorrhagic stroke since the underlying mechanisms of this brain damage differ from those found in ischemic stroke. The main purpose of this review was to synthesize the potential predictive molecular biomarkers for motor recovery following acute hemorrhagic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was conducted by 2 independent reviewers in the following databases: PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL. We included studies that addressed the following: collected blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid samples within 72 h after hemorrhagic stroke and that reported the prognostic association with functional motor recovery for each molecular biomarker. Screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts and data extraction were undertaken independently by pairs of reviewers. RESULTS Twelve thousand, five hundred and sixty-four studies were identified and 218 were considered eligible. Finally, we included 70 studies, with 96 biomarkers analyzed, of which 61 were considered as independent prognostic biomarkers, and 10 presented controversial results. CONCLUSION This systematic review shows that motor functional recovery can be predicted by 61 independent prognostic molecular biomarkers assessed in the acute phase after a hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Fernanda García-Salazar
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos, Brazil; Universidad del Rosario, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Science Research Group, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Cássia Regina Saade-Pacheco
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos, Brazil; Educational Foundation of the Municipality of Assis, Municipal Institute of Higher Education of Assis, Assis, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Ana Flávia Silveira
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | | | - Thiago Luiz Russo
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos, Brazil.
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11
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Oliveira RM, Teixeira TL, Rodrigues CC, da Silva AA, Borges BC, Brígido RTS, Teixeira SC, Dos Santos MA, Servato JPS, Santos DDO, Silva MJB, Goulart LR, Silva CV. Galectin-3 plays a protective role in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1378-1389. [PMID: 34192330 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania (L.) amazonensis is one of the species responsible for the development of cutaneous leishmaniasis in South America. After entering the vertebrate host, L. (L.) amazonensis invades mainly neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Studies have shown that gal-3 acts as a pattern recognition receptor. However, the role of this protein in the context of L. (L.) amazonensis infection remains unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of gal-3 expression on experimental infection by L. (L.) amazonensis. Our data showed that gal-3 plays a role in controlling parasite invasion, replication and the formation of endocytic vesicles. Moreover, mice with gal-3 deficiency showed an exacerbated inflammatory response. Taken together, our data shed light to a critical role of gal-3 in the host response to infection by L. (L.) amazonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Oliveira
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Thaise L Teixeira
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil.,Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Cassiano C Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Aline A da Silva
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Bruna C Borges
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biomarcadores Tumorais e Osteoimunologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Rebecca T S Brígido
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Samuel C Teixeira
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Marlus A Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil
| | | | - Débora de O Santos
- Laboratório de Patologia Bucal, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Marcelo J B Silva
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores Tumorais e Osteoimunologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Goulart
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Claudio V Silva
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil
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12
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Tana FL, Guimarães ES, Cerqueira DM, Campos PC, Gomes MTR, Marinho FV, Oliveira SC. Galectin-3 regulates proinflammatory cytokine function and favours Brucella abortus chronic replication in macrophages and mice. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13375. [PMID: 34169616 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we provide evidence that galectin-3 (Gal-3) plays an important role in Brucella abortus infection. Our results showed increased Gal-3 expression and secretion in B. abortus infected macrophages and mice. Additionally, our findings indicate that Gal-3 is dispensable for Brucella-containing vacuoles disruption, inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. On the other hand, we observed that Brucella-induced Gal-3 expression is crucial for induction of molecules associated to type I IFN signalling pathway, such as IFN-β: Interferon beta (IFN-β), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and guanylate-binding proteins. Gal-3 KO macrophages showed reduced bacterial numbers compared to wild-type cells, suggesting that Gal-3 facilitates bacterial replication in vitro. Moreover, priming Gal-3 KO cells with IFN-β favoured B. abortus survival in macrophages. Additionally, we also observed that Gal-3 KO mice are more resistant to B. abortus infection and these animals showed elevated production of proinflammatory cytokines when compared to control mice. Finally, we observed an increased recruitment of macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils in spleens of Gal-3 KO mice compared to wild-type animals. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Brucella-induced Gal-3 is detrimental to host and this molecule is implicated in inhibition of recruitment and activation of immune cells, which promotes B. abortus spread and aggravates the infection. TAKE AWAYS: Brucella abortus infection upregulates galectin-3 expression Galectin-3 regulates guanylate-binding proteins expression but is not required for Brucella-containing vacuole disruption Galectin-3 modulates proinflammatory cytokine production during bacterial infection Galectin-3 favours Brucella replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda L Tana
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erika S Guimarães
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daiane M Cerqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Priscila C Campos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio R Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fábio V Marinho
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sergio C Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), CNPq MCT, Salvador, Brazil
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13
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Zhuang JJ, Zhou L, Zheng YH, Ding YS. The serum galectin-3 levels are associated with the severity and prognosis of ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7454-7464. [PMID: 33686023 PMCID: PMC7993705 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3, a microglia/macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator, plays a role in the stroke progression. In this single-center prospective study, we included 288 consecutive patients with a first-ever acute ischemic stroke to assess the association between galectin-3 serum level and clinical severity at admission and outcome at discharge by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The results were presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Patients with high severity and poor outcomes had higher serum levels of galectin-3 (P<0.001 and P<0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested that a galectin-3 serum level in the highest quartile (The lowest three quartiles[Q1-3] as the reference) was associated with poor functional outcome (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 2.44–3.87). The AUC (standard error) for the NIHSS and the combined model were 0.764 (0.031) and 0.823 (0.027), corresponding to a difference of 0.059 (0.004). This study shows that higher serum levels of galectin-3 are associated with stroke severity at admission and stroke prognosis at discharge in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jun Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Hua Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Sheng Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
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14
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Keyhani D, Tartibian B, Dabiri A, Teixeira AMB. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Continuous Training on Galectin-3 Gene Expression in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:987-995. [PMID: 32679568 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a pro-inflammatory biomarker associated with the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). Physical-activity reduces the risk of heart-failure by modification of inflammation and fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity aerobic continuous training on a predictive factor of HF in postmenopausal women. Thirty sedentary postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group performed the HIIT program at 60%-90%, and the second group performed an exercise program at 50%-65% of HR reserve. The control group maintained their normal daily regular physical activity level. The gene expressions of galectin-3 and lipid profiles were measured at the baseline and the end of Week 8. The HIIT and moderate-intensity aerobic continuous training attenuated the gene expression of galectin-3, serum low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations and enhanced high-density lipoprotein concentrations. These changes were considerably higher in the HIIT group. Our results show that HIIT is superior to moderate-intensity aerobic continuous training in improving the decrease in HF risk in postmenopausal women.
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15
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Wang H, Tang X, Fan H, Luo Y, Song Y, Xu Y, Chen Y. Potential mechanisms of hemorrhagic stroke in elderly COVID-19 patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10022-10034. [PMID: 32527987 PMCID: PMC7346040 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, a new human infectious disease. While fever, cough, and respiratory distress are typical first symptoms, a fraction of those affected present instead with neurological symptoms suggestive of central nervous system compromise. This review summarizes the potential contribution of coronavirus disease 2019 to hemorrhagic stroke in the elderly and proposes possible mechanisms. Reports show that the most affected patients have underlying chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, which are two key risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is the main host cell surface receptor interacting with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike glycoprotein to allow viral entry and infection. We speculate that ensuing downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression may compound the risk conferred by pre-existing comorbidities and critically influence the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic stroke by elevating blood pressure and impairing cerebrovascular endothelial function. Additionally, both age- and/or disease-related immune dysfunction and enhanced catecholamine release secondary to anxiety and stress may also aggravate central nervous system symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Thus, assessment of systemic inflammatory biomarkers and tight control of hemodynamic parameters upon admission are crucial to minimize mortality and morbidity in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with central nervous system symptoms suggestive of incipient stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Wang
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou, Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou, Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyang Fan
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou, Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxia Song
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou, Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingzhu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Galectin-3 as a Next-Generation Biomarker for Detecting Early Stage of Various Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030389. [PMID: 32138174 PMCID: PMC7175224 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin which is important in numerous biological activities in various organs, including cell proliferation, apoptotic regulation, inflammation, fibrosis, and host defense. Galectin-3 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm and expressed on the cell surface, and then often secreted into biological fluids, like serum and urine. It is also released from injured cells and inflammatory cells under various pathological conditions. Many studies have revealed that galectin-3 plays an important role as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease, viral infection, autoimmune disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and tumor formation. In particular, it has been recognized that galectin-3 is extremely useful for detecting many of these diseases in their early stages. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize the recent literature focusing on the biomarker characteristics and long-term outcome predictions of galectin-3, in not only patients with various types of diseases, but associated animal models.
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17
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The Role of Galectin-3 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Preliminary Study. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2020; 127:65-68. [PMID: 31407065 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04615-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), combined morbidity and mortality rate in SAH patients accounted for greater than 50%. Many prognostic factors have been reported including delayed cerebral ischemia, cerebral vasospasm-induced infarction, and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus as potentially preventable or treatable causes. Recent experimental studies emphasize that early brain injury, a concept to explain acute pathophysiological events that occur in brain before onset of cerebral vasospasm within the first 72 h of SAH, may be more important than cerebral vasospasm, a classically important determinant of poor outcome, in post-SAH outcome. Galectin-3 is known for one of matricellular proteins and a mediator of inflammation in the central nervous system. Galectin-3 was also reported to contribute to poor outcomes in SAH patients, but the role of galectin-3 after SAH has not been determined. We produced experimental SAH mice, of which the top of the internal carotid artery was perforated by 4-0 monofilament, and evaluated effects of a galectin-3 inhibitor. We assessed neurological scores and brain water content at 24 h. The administration of a galectin-3 inhibitor significantly ameliorated brain edema and neuronal score in experimental SAH mice.
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18
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Kawakita F, Kanamaru H, Asada R, Suzuki H. Potential roles of matricellular proteins in stroke. Exp Neurol 2019; 322:113057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Saand AR, Yu F, Chen J, Chou SHY. Systemic inflammation in hemorrhagic strokes - A novel neurological sign and therapeutic target? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:959-988. [PMID: 30961425 PMCID: PMC6547186 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19841443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidences suggest that stroke is a systemic disease affecting many organ systems beyond the brain. Stroke-related systemic inflammatory response and immune dysregulations may play an important role in brain injury, recovery, and stroke outcome. The two main phenomena in stroke-related peripheral immune dysregulations are systemic inflammation and post-stroke immunosuppression. There is emerging evidence suggesting that the spleen contracts following ischemic stroke, activates peripheral immune response and this may further potentiate brain injury. Whether similar brain-immune crosstalk occurs in hemorrhagic strokes such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not established. In this review, we systematically examined animal and human evidence to date on peripheral immune responses associated with hemorrhagic strokes. Specifically, we reviewed the impact of clinical systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), inflammation- and immune-associated biomarkers, the brain-spleen interaction, and cellular mediators of peripheral immune responses to ICH and SAH including regulatory T cells (Tregs). While there is growing data suggesting that peripheral immune dysregulation following hemorrhagic strokes may be important in brain injury pathogenesis and outcome, details of this brain-immune system cross-talk remain insufficiently understood. This is an important unmet scientific need that may lead to novel therapeutic strategies in this highly morbid condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha R Saand
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- 2 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- 2 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sherry H-Y Chou
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,3 Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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20
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Bonsack F, Sukumari-Ramesh S. Differential Cellular Expression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:157. [PMID: 31156388 PMCID: PMC6530358 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating sub-type of stroke with no proven treatment. Given the emerging role of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in neuroimmune responses, the objective of the current manuscript is to elucidate hemorrhagic-injury induced modulation and cellular expression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in the brain in a pre-clinical model of ICH. To address this, ICH was induced in male CD1 mice by collagenase injection method. Western blotting as well as Immunofluorescence staining was performed to characterize the temporal expression pattern as well as cellular localization of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 after ICH. Further, genetic studies were conducted to assess the functional role of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in inflammatory response employing a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 exhibited very profound and increased expression from day 3 to day 7-post-injury, in the perihematomal brain region after ICH in comparison to Sham. Further, Galectin-1 expression was mostly observed in GFAP-positive astrocytes whereas Galectin-3 expression was observed mostly in Iba1-positive microglia/macrophages as well as CD16/32 (M1 microglial/macrophage marker)-positive cells. Moreover, genetic studies revealed a negative regulatory role of both Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in the release of a proinflammatory cytokine, IL-6 from RAW 264.7 cells depending on the stimulus. Altogether, the present manuscript demonstrates for the first time, increased expression as well as cellular localization of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in the perihematomal brain regions after ICH. In addition, the manuscript raises the potential of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in modulating glial responses and thereby brain injury after ICH, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Bonsack
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sangeetha Sukumari-Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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21
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Abel WF, Funk CR, Blenda AV. Galectins in the Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Accidents: An Overview. J Exp Neurosci 2019; 13:1179069519836794. [PMID: 31007530 PMCID: PMC6458655 DOI: 10.1177/1179069519836794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to limitations of neuroimaging, such as the isodense appearance of blood to neuronal tissue in subacute hemorrhagic stroke, a body of studies have been performed to evaluate candidate biomarkers which may aid in accurate determination of cerebrovascular accident type. Beyond aiding in the delineation of stroke cause, biomarkers could also confer useful prognostic information to help clinicians plan use of resources. One of the candidate biomarkers studied for detection of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) includes a class of proteins called galectins. Galectins bind β-galactoside through a highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain, endowing an ability to interact with carbohydrate moieties on glycoproteins, some of which are relevant to CVA response. Furthermore, galectins-1, -2, -3, -9, and -12 are expressed in tissues relevant to CVA, and some exhibit characteristics (eg, extracellular secretion) that could render feasible their detection in serum. Galectins-1 and -3 appear to have the largest amounts of preclinical evidence, consistently demonstrating increased activity and expression levels during CVA. However, a lack of standardization of biochemical assays across cohort studies limits further translation of these basic science studies. This review aims to increase awareness of the biochemical roles of galectins in CVA, while also highlighting challenges and remaining questions preventing the translation of basic science observations into a clinically useful test.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Abel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | | | - Anna V Blenda
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
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22
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Ekwemalor K, Adjei-Fremah S, Asiamah E, Eluka-Okoludoh E, Osei B, Worku M. Systemic expression of galectin genes in periparturient goats. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Wu ZS, Lo JJ, Wu SH, Wang CZ, Chen RF, Lee SS, Chai CY, Huang SH. Early Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Attenuates Burn-Induced Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting the Galectin-3-Dependent Toll-Like Receptor-4 Pathway in a Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082195. [PMID: 30060489 PMCID: PMC6121430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment has been proven to decrease neuroinflammation in rats. This study aimed to determine the potential mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of HBO treatment on burn-induced neuroinflammation in rats. Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to the following six groups (n = 6 per group): (1) sham burn with sham HBO treatment; (2) sham burn with HBO treatment; (3) burn with one-week sham HBO treatment; (4) burn with two-week sham HBO treatment; (5) burn with one-week HBO treatment; and (6) burn with two-week HBO treatment. SD rats that received third-degree burn injury were used as a full-thickness burn injury model. Subsequently, we analyzed the expression of proteins involved in the galectin-3 (Gal-3)-dependent Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) pathway through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, and Western blotting. A behavior test was also conducted, which revealed that HBO treatment significantly suppressed mechanical hypersensitivity in the burn with HBO treatment group compared to the burn with sham HBO treatment group (p < 0.05). ELISA results showed that tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and the skin significantly decreased in the burn with HBO treatment group compared with the burn with sham HBO treatment group (p < 0.05). Western blotting results demonstrated that HBO treatment significantly reduced the expression of Gal-3 and TLR-4 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in the burn with HBO treatment group compared with the burn with sham HBO treatment group (p < 0.05). IHC analysis showed that the expression of Gal-3, TLR-4, CD68 and CD45 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was significantly lower in the burn with HBO treatment group than in the burn with sham HBO treatment group (p < 0.05), and the expression of CD68 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the right hind paw skin was significantly lower. The expression of vimentin and fibroblast growth factor in the right hind paw skin was significantly higher after HBO treatment (p < 0.05). This study proved that early HBO treatment relieves neuropathic pain, inhibits the Gal-3-dependent TLR-4 pathway, and suppresses microglia and macrophage activation in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Sheng Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Jou Lo
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Zen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Rong-Fu Chen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Shin Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hung Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Room, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Venkatraman A, Callas P, McClure LA, Unverzagt F, Arora G, Howard V, Wadley VG, Cushman M, Arora P. Galectin-3 and incident cognitive impairment in REGARDS, a cohort of blacks and whites. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2018; 4:165-172. [PMID: 29756004 PMCID: PMC5944416 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The relationship between serum galectin-3 and incident cognitive impairment was analyzed in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study. Methods Baseline galectin-3 was measured in 455 cases of incident cognitive impairment and 546 controls. Galectin-3 was divided into quartiles based on the weighted distribution in the control group, and the first quartile was the referent. Results There was an increasing odds of cognitive impairment across quartiles of galectin-3 (odds ratios, 1.00 [0.68–1.46], 1.45 [1.01–2.10], and 1.58 [1.10–2.27] relative to the quartile 1; P trend = .003) in an unadjusted model, which persisted after adjusting for age, sex, and race (P = .004). Adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors greatly attenuated this association (odds ratios, 0.97 [0.60–1.57], 1.52 [0.94–2.46], and 1.27 [0.76–2.12]; P = .15). The association differed by diabetes status (P interaction, .007). Among nondiabetics (293 cases, 411 controls), those with galectin-3 in the fourth compared with first quartile had an odds ratio of 1.6 (0.95–2.99; P trend, .02). In diabetics, the odds ratio was 0.23 (0.04–1.33). Discussion Serum galectin-3 was associated with increased risk of incident cognitive impairment in a large cohort study of blacks and whites but only in nondiabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Venkatraman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Callas
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fred Unverzagt
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IA, USA
| | - Garima Arora
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Virginia Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Virginia G Wadley
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Pankaj Arora
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Dubé-Delarosbil C, St-Pierre Y. The emerging role of galectins in high-fatality cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1215-1226. [PMID: 29119229 PMCID: PMC11105754 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although we witnessed considerable progress in the prevention and treatment of cancer during the past few decades, a number of cancers remain difficult to treat. The main reasons for this are a lack of effective biomarkers necessary for an early detection and inefficient treatments for cancer that are diagnosed at late stages of the disease. Because of their alarmin-like properties and their protumorigenic role during cancer progression, members of the galectin family are uniquely positioned to provide information that could be used for the exploration of possible avenues for the treatment of high fatality cancer (HFC). A rapid overview of studies that examined the expressions and functions of galectins in cancer cells reveals that they play a central role in at least three major features that characterize HFCs: (1) induction of systemic and local immunosuppression, (2) chemoresistance of cancer cells, and (3) increased invasive behavior. Defining the galectinome in HFCs will also lead to a better understanding of tumor heterogeneity while providing critical information that could improve the accuracy of biomarker panels for a more personalized treatment of HFCs. In this review, we discuss the relevance of the galectinome in HFC and its possible contribution to providing potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Possible Role of Inflammation and Galectin-3 in Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8020030. [PMID: 29414883 PMCID: PMC5836049 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is known as one of the most devastating diseases in the central nervous system. In the past few decades, research on SAH has focused on cerebral vasospasm to prevent post-SAH delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and to improve outcomes. However, increasing evidence has suggested that early brain injury (EBI) is an important mechanism contributing to DCI, cerebral vasospasm as well as poor outcomes. Though the mechanism of EBI is very complex, inflammation is thought to play a pivotal role in EBI. Galectin-3 is a unique chimera type in the galectin family characterized by its β-galactoside-binding lectin, which mediates various pathologies, such as fibrosis, cell adhesion, and inflammation. Recently, two clinical studies revealed galectin-3 to be a possible prognostic biomarker in SAH patients. In addition, our recent report suggested that higher acute-stage plasma galectin-3 levels correlated with subsequent development of delayed cerebral infarction that was not associated with vasospasm in SAH patients. We review the possible role and molecular mechanisms of inflammation as well as galectin-3 in brain injuries, especially focusing on EBI after SAH, and discuss galectin-3 as a potential new therapeutic or research target in post-SAH brain injuries.
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Serum S100A12 and 30-day mortality after acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 477:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dong R, Zhang M, Hu Q, Zheng S, Soh A, Zheng Y, Yuan H. Galectin-3 as a novel biomarker for disease diagnosis and a target for therapy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:599-614. [PMID: 29207027 PMCID: PMC5752178 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the galectin family, which are β‑galactoside‑binding lectins with ≥1 evolutionary conserved carbohydrate‑recognition domain. It binds proteins in a carbohydrate‑dependent and ‑independent manner. Galectin‑3 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm; however, it shuttles into the nucleus and is secreted onto the cell surface and into biological fluids including serum and urine. It serves important functions in numerous biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, pre‑mRNA splicing, differentiation, transformation, angiogenesis, inflammation, fibrosis and host defense. Numerous previous studies have indicated that galectin‑3 may be used as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease and cancer. With emerging evidence to support the function and application of galectin‑3, the current review aims to summarize the latest literature regarding the biomarker characteristics and potential therapeutic application of galectin‑3 in associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Medical College, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Qunying Hu
- Medical College, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Andrew Soh
- Medical Scientific Affairs, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Zheng
- Medical Scientific Affairs, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Venkatraman A, Hardas S, Patel N, Singh Bajaj N, Arora G, Arora P. Galectin-3: an emerging biomarker in stroke and cerebrovascular diseases. Eur J Neurol 2017; 25:238-246. [PMID: 29053903 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The carbohydrate-binding molecule galectin-3 has garnered significant attention recently as a biomarker for various conditions ranging from cardiac disease to obesity. Although there have been several recent studies investigating its role in stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases, awareness of this emerging biomarker in the wider neurology community is limited. We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Clinicaltrials.gov and the Cochrane library in November and December 2016 for articles related to galectin-3 and cerebrovascular disease. We included both human and pre-clinical studies in order to provide a comprehensive view of the state of the literature on this topic. The majority of the relevant literature focuses on stroke, cerebral ischemia and atherosclerosis, but some recent attention has also been devoted to intracranial and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Higher blood levels of galectin-3 correlate with worse outcomes in atherosclerotic disease as well as in intracranial and subarachnoid hemorrhage in human studies. However, experimental evidence supporting the role of galectin-3 in these phenotypes is not as robust. It is likely that the role of galectin-3 in the inflammatory cascade within the central nervous system following injury is responsible for many of its effects, but its varied physiological functions and multiple sites of expression mean that it may have different effects depending on the nature of the disease condition and the time since injury. In summary, experimental and human research raises the possibility that galectin-3, which is closely linked to the inflammatory cascade, could be of value as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Venkatraman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - S Hardas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - N Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - N Singh Bajaj
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - G Arora
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - P Arora
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Section of Cardiology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Ji WJ, Chou XM, Wu GQ, Shen YF, Yang XG, Wang ZF, Lan LX, Shi XG. Association between serum periostin concentrations and outcome after acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 474:23-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Arora P, Agarwal Z, Venkatraman A, Callas P, Kissela BM, Jenny NS, Judd SE, Zakai NA, Cushman M. Galectin-3 and risk of ischaemic stroke: Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:1464-1470. [PMID: 28872212 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Galectin-3 is a biomarker of atherosclerotic and cardiovascular disease, and may be a useful marker for ischaemic stroke risk. METHODS The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort enrolled and examined 30 239 US participants between 2003 and 2007 (41% black, 59% white and 55% in the southeastern stroke belt). Baseline galectin-3 was measured in 526 subjects with incident ischaemic stroke over 5.4 years and in a cohort random sample (CRS) of 947 participants. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of ischaemic stroke by quartiles of galectin-3. RESULTS In the CRS, galectin-3 was significantly higher with older age, black race, female sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and kidney disease, and also in those who developed incident stroke. Participants with galectin-3 levels in the fourth versus first quartile had a 2.3-fold increased stroke risk [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6, 3.4] in an unadjusted model. An interaction with age was found (P = 0.06), and therefore age-stratified analyses were performed. Amongst those younger than age 64, baseline galectin-3 in the second-fourth quartiles was associated with increased stroke risk (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.6, 5.5) compared to the first quartile in an age-, race- and sex-adjusted model. The HR was 2.0 (95% CI 1.0, 4.0) with multivariable adjustment. There was no association amongst older participants. CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3 was associated with incident ischaemic stroke in younger but not older individuals. Confirmation of this finding, and elucidation of its implications for stroke pathophysiology and prevention, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arora
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Section of Cardiology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Z Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - A Venkatraman
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - P Callas
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - B M Kissela
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - N S Jenny
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - S E Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - N A Zakai
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - M Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Nishikawa H, Nakatsuka Y, Shiba M, Kawakita F, Fujimoto M, Suzuki H. Increased Plasma Galectin-3 Preceding the Development of Delayed Cerebral Infarction and Eventual Poor Outcome in Non-Severe Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:110-119. [PMID: 28831694 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A matricellular protein galectin-3 is involved in tissue injury and inflammation, but the role of galectin-3 remains unclear in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose of this study was to assess whether acute-stage galectin-3 levels were associated with the subsequent development of neurovascular events and outcome after SAH. This study included 83 consecutive patients diagnosed with aneurysmal SAH of resuscitated World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grades 1-3. Plasma galectin-3 levels were once measured on days 1-3 (the day after clipping or coiling). Fifteen patients had poor outcomes, which were associated with increasing age, female, pre-onset morbidity, worse WFNS grade, modified Fisher computed tomography scale, acute hydrocephalus, and higher galectin-3 levels compared with good outcomes. Multivariate analyses revealed that plasma galectin-3 was an independent determinant for poor outcome (odds ratio, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-6.00; p = 0.001). Among post-SAH neurovascular events occurring on day 4 and thereafter, delayed cerebral ischemia and infarction, but not angiographic vasospasm and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, showed significantly higher plasma galectin-3 levels on days 1-3. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that plasma galectin-3 with a cutoff value of 3.30 or 3.48 ng/ml predicted delayed cerebral infarction development or poor outcome (specificity, 62.5%, 70.6%; sensitivity, 90.9%, 73.3%, respectively). The findings suggest that plasma galectin-3 levels on days 1-3 would be a useful biomarker for predicting subsequent development of delayed cerebral infarction and eventual poor outcome and provide a new candidate, which may mediate between post-SAH early brain injury or inflammation and delayed cerebral infarction without vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Nishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masato Shiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kawakita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Zhu Y, Hu W, Zhu ML, Yin T, Su J, Wang JR. Serum galectin-3 levels and delirium among postpartum intensive care unit women. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00773. [PMID: 28828226 PMCID: PMC5561326 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation correlates with delirium. Galectin-3 is a proinflammatory protein. This study aimed to determine relation of serum galectin-3 levels to delirium of postpartum intensive care unit (ICU) women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective observational study, serum galectin-3, S100B, and C-reactive protein levels of 412 postpartum ICU women and 412 healthy women were measured. Delirium and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Care Evaluation II (APCHCE II) scores were recorded. RESULTS Serum levels of galectin-3, S100B, and C-reactive protein were significantly elevated in the postpartum women than in the healthy women. Galectin-3 levels were highly associated with APCHCE II scores and S100B and C-reactive protein levels. Galectin-3, C-reactive protein, and S100B levels and APCHCE II scores were identified as independent predictors for delirium. Area under the curve (AUC) of serum galectin-3 levels was similar to that of S100B levels, and significantly exceeded those of C-reactive protein levels and APCHCE II scores. Moreover, galectin-3 significantly improved the AUCs of APCHCE II scores, S100B levels, and C-reactive protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3, involved in inflammatory process underlying delirium-related brain injury, might be a potential biomarker to predict delirium of postpartum ICU women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit The Hangzhou First People's Hospital Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit The Hangzhou First People's Hospital Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou China
| | - Ming-Li Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit The Hangzhou First People's Hospital Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou China
| | - Ting Yin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit The Hangzhou First People's Hospital Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit The Hangzhou First People's Hospital Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou China
| | - Jian-Rong Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit The Hangzhou First People's Hospital Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou China
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Lin Q, Cai JY, Lu C, Sun J, Ba HJ, Chen MH, Chen XD, Dai JX, Lin JH. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels in serum from patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage: Potential contribution to prognosis. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 472:58-63. [PMID: 28729134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) pathophysiology involves inflammation. Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is related to prognosis of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum MIF levels are associated with severity and outcomes in patients with acute ICH. METHODS We enrolled a total of 120 consecutive ICH patients and 120 healthy controls and sampled blood on admission and at study entry respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify serum MIF levels. RESULTS Serum MIF levels were higher in patients compared with controls and correlated with hematoma volume, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and plasma C-reactive protein levels. After adjusting for other significant outcome predictors, MIF in serum was an independent predictor of 6-month overall survival and unfavorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score >2). Areas under receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) of serum MIF levels, hematoma volume and NIHSS scores were similar for 6-month unfavorable outcome. Moreover, serum MIF levels significantly improved areas under ROC of hematoma volume and NIHSS scores. CONCLUSIONS MIF in serum might be a potential biomarker for reflecting inflammation, severity and prognosis of ICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jian-Yong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chuan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hua-Jun Ba
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mao-Hua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xian-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jun-Xia Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jian-Hu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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The Many Roles of Galectin-3, a Multifaceted Molecule, in Innate Immune Responses against Pathogens. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9247574. [PMID: 28607536 PMCID: PMC5457773 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9247574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins with the ability to bind β-galactosides through characteristic carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRD). Galectin-3 is structurally unique among all galectins as it contains a C-terminal CRD linked to an N-terminal protein-binding domain, being the only chimeric galectin. Galectin-3 participates in many functions, both intra- and extracellularly. Among them, a prominent role for Galectin-3 in inflammation has been recognized. Galectin-3 has also been shown to directly bind to pathogens and to have various effects on the functions of the cells of the innate immune system. Thanks to these two properties, Galectin-3 participates in several ways in the innate immune response against invading pathogens. Galectin-3 has been proposed to function not only as a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) but also as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). In this review, we analyze the various roles that have been assigned to Galectin-3, both as a PRR and as a DAMP, in the context of immune responses against pathogenic microorganisms.
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Bustamante A, Díaz-Fernández B, Penalba A, García-Berrocoso T, Montaner J. Galectin-3 is not an outcome biomarker in ischemic stroke. Letter concerning the study ‘Role of galectin-3 in plasma as a predictive biomarker of outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurol Sci 2016; 371:67-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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