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Ziółkiewicz A, Kasprzak-Drozd K, Rusinek R, Markut-Miotła E, Oniszczuk A. The Influence of Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087146. [PMID: 37108307 PMCID: PMC10139042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have attracted tremendous attention due to their pro-health properties, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and neuroprotective activities. Atherosclerosis is a vascular disorder underlying several CVDs. One of the main risk factors causing atherosclerosis is the type and quality of food consumed. Therefore, polyphenols represent promising agents in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, as demonstrated by in vitro, animal, preclinical and clinical studies. However, most polyphenols cannot be absorbed directly by the small intestine. Gut microbiota play a crucial role in converting dietary polyphenols into absorbable bioactive substances. An increasing understanding of the field has confirmed that specific GM taxa strains mediate the gut microbiota-atherosclerosis axis. The present study explores the anti-atherosclerotic properties and associated underlying mechanisms of polyphenols. Moreover, it provides a basis for better understanding the relationship between dietary polyphenols, gut microbiota, and cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ziółkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Rusinek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Markut-Miotła
- Department of Lung Diseases and Children Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Prof. Antoniego Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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2
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Zhu Z, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Dai F, Wang W. Profiling of phenolic compounds in domestic and imported extra virgin olive oils in China by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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3
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Otocka-Kmiecik A. Effect of Carotenoids on Paraoxonase-1 Activity and Gene Expression. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142842. [PMID: 35889799 PMCID: PMC9318174 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme attached to HDL with an anti-atherogenic potential. It protects LDL and HDL from lipid peroxidation. The enzyme is sensitive to various modulating factors, such as genetic polymorphisms as well as pharmacological, dietary (including carotenoids), and lifestyle interventions. Carotenoids are nutritional pigments with antioxidant activity. The aim of this review was to gather evidence on their effect on the modulation of PON1 activity and gene expression. Carotenoids administered as naturally occurring nutritional mixtures may present a synergistic beneficial effect on PON1 status. The effect of carotenoids on the enzyme depends on age, ethnicity, gender, diet, and PON1 genetic variation. Carotenoids, especially astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lycopene, increase PON1 activity. This effect may be explained by their ability to quench singlet oxygen and scavenge free radicals. β-carotene and lycopene were additionally shown to upregulate PON1 gene expression. The putative mechanisms of such regulation involve PON1 CpG-rich region methylation, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKKII) pathway induction, and upregulation via steroid regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2). More detailed and extensive research on the mechanisms of PON1 modulation by carotenoids may lead to the development of new targeted therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Otocka-Kmiecik
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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4
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Stadler JT, Marsche G. Dietary Strategies to Improve Cardiovascular Health: Focus on Increasing High-Density Lipoprotein Functionality. Front Nutr 2021; 8:761170. [PMID: 34881279 PMCID: PMC8646038 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.761170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with increasing incidence. A cornerstone of cardiovascular disease prevention is lifestyle modification through dietary changes to influence various risk factors such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes. The effects of diet on cardiovascular health are complex. Some dietary components and metabolites directly affect the composition and structure of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and increase anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective properties. HDLs are composed of distinct subpopulations of particles of varying size and composition that have several dynamic and context-dependent functions. The identification of potential dietary components that improve HDL functionality is currently an important research goal. One of the best-studied diets for cardiovascular health is the Mediterranean diet, consisting of fish, olive oil, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes/nuts, and moderate consumption of alcohol, most commonly red wine. The Mediterranean diet, especially when supplemented with extra virgin olive oil rich in phenolic compounds, has been shown to markedly improve metrics of HDL functionality and reduce the burden, or even prevent the development of cardiovascular disease. Particularly, the phenolic compounds of extra virgin olive oil seem to exert the significant positive effects on HDL function. Moreover, supplementation of anthocyanins as well as antioxidants such as lycopene or the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid improve parameters of HDL function. In this review, we aim to highlight recent discoveries on beneficial dietary patterns as well as nutritional components and their effects on cardiovascular health, focusing on HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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5
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Moss JWE, Williams JO, Al-Ahmadi W, O'Morain V, Chan YH, Hughes TR, Menendez-Gonzalez JB, Almotiri A, Plummer SF, Rodrigues NP, Michael DR, Ramji DP. Protective effects of a unique combination of nutritionally active ingredients on risk factors and gene expression associated with atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet. Food Funct 2021; 12:3657-3671. [PMID: 33900312 PMCID: PMC8359826 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02867c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder of the vasculature and the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, is responsible for one in three global deaths. Consumption of active food ingredients such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavanols and phytosterols has many beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. However, their combined actions on the risk factors for atherosclerosis remains poorly understood. We have previously shown that a formulation containing each of these active components at physiologically relevant doses modulated several monocyte/macrophage processes associated with atherosclerosis in vitro, including inhibition of cytokine-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression, chemokine-driven monocyte migration, expression of M1 phenotype markers, and promotion of cholesterol efflux. The objectives of the present study were to investigate whether the protective actions of the formulation extended in vivo and to delineate the potential underlying mechanisms. The formulation produced several favourable changes, including higher plasma levels of HDL and reduced levels of macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the bone marrow. The mRNA expression of liver-X-receptor-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and superoxide dismutase-1 was induced in the liver and that of interferon-γ and the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 decreased, thereby suggesting the potential mechanisms for many beneficial effects. Other changes were also observed such as increased plasma levels of triglycerides and lipid peroxidation that may reflect potential activation of brown fat. This study provides new insights into the protective actions and the potential underlying mechanisms of the formulation in vivo, particularly in relation to risk factors together with changes in systemic inflammation and hepatic lipid alterations associated with atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome, and supports further assessments in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe W E Moss
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Jessica O Williams
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Wijdan Al-Ahmadi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Victoria O'Morain
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Juan B Menendez-Gonzalez
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Alhomidi Almotiri
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Sue F Plummer
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, SA12 7BZ, UK
| | - Neil P Rodrigues
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Daryn R Michael
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, SA12 7BZ, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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6
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Millman JF, Okamoto S, Teruya T, Uema T, Ikematsu S, Shimabukuro M, Masuzaki H. Extra-virgin olive oil and the gut-brain axis: influence on gut microbiota, mucosal immunity, and cardiometabolic and cognitive health. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:1362-1374. [PMID: 33576418 PMCID: PMC8581649 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), a popular functional food and major source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, possesses a variety of healthful components, including monounsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phenolic compounds that, individually and collectively, exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic markers of health and act as neuroprotective agents through their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The gut microbiota and health of the intestinal environment are now considered important factors in the development of obesity, metabolic disease, and even certain neurodegenerative conditions via the gut-brain axis. Recently, data are emerging which demonstrate that the health-promoting benefits of EVOO may also extend to the gut microbiota. In this review, we aimed to examine findings from recent studies regarding the impact of EVOO on gut microbiota and intestinal health and explore how modulations in composition of gut microbiota, production of microbially produced products, and activity and functioning of the mucosal immune system may lead to favorable outcomes in cardiovascular, metabolic, and cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine F Millman
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shiki Okamoto
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Taiki Teruya
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Uema
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinya Ikematsu
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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7
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Soltani S, Boozari M, Cicero AFG, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effects of phytochemicals on macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity: Impact on atherosclerosis. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2854-2878. [PMID: 33464676 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) is the major promoter of reverse cholesterol transport and efflux of excess cellular cholesterol. The functions of HDL, such as cholesterol efflux, are associated with cardiovascular disease rather than HDL levels. We have reviewed the evidence base on the major classes of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, alkaloids, carotenoids, phytosterols, and fatty acids, and their effects on macrophage cholesterol efflux and its major pathways. Phytochemicals show the potential to improve the efficiency of each of these pathways. The findings are mainly in preclinical studies, and more clinical research is warranted in this area to develop novel clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Soltani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
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8
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Gene Expression Alterations Associated with Oleuropein-Induced Antiproliferative Effects and S-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123755. [PMID: 33297339 PMCID: PMC7762327 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that the Mediterranean diet is effective in reducing the risk of several chronic diseases, including cancer. A critical component of the Mediterranean diet is olive oil, and the relationship between olive oil consumption and the reduced risk of cancer has been established. Oleuropein (OL) is the most prominent polyphenol component of olive fruits and leaves. This compound has been shown to have potent properties in various types of cancers, including breast cancer. In the present study, the molecular mechanism of OL was examined in two racially different triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines-African American (AA, MDA-MB-468) and Caucasian American (CA, MDA-MB-231). The data obtained showed that OL effectively inhibits cell growth in both cell lines, concomitant with S-phase cell cycle arrest-mediated apoptosis. The results also showed that OL-treated MDA-MB-468 cells were two-fold more sensitive to OL antiproliferative effect than MDA-MB-231 cells were. At lower concentrations, OL modified the expression of many apoptosis-involved genes. OL was more effective in MDA-MB-468, compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, in terms of the number and the fold-change of the altered genes. In MDA-MB-468 cells, OL induced a noticeable transcription activation in fourteen genes, including two members of the caspase family: caspase 1 (CASP1) and caspase 14 (CASP14); two members of the TNF receptor superfamily: Fas-associated via death domain (FADD) and TNF receptor superfamily 21 (TNFRSF21); six other proapoptotic genes: growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 alpha (GADD45A), cytochrome c somatic (CYCS), BCL-2 interacting protein 2 (BNIP2), BCL-2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID), and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10); and the CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (CFLAR) gene. Moreover, in MDA-MB-468 cells, OL induced a significant upregulation in two antiapoptotic genes: bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BFAR) and B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) and a baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) repeat-containing 3 (BIRC3). On the contrary, in MDA-MB-231 cells, OL showed mixed impacts on gene expression. OL significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of four genes: BIRC3, receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), TNF receptor superfamily 10A (TNFRSF10A), and caspase 4 (CASP4). Additionally, another four genes were repressed, including caspase 6 (CASP6), pyrin domain (PYD), and caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing (PAYCARD), baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5), and the most downregulated TNF receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B, 16.34-fold). In conclusion, the data obtained indicate that the two cell lines were markedly different in the anticancer effect and mechanisms of oleuropein's ability to alter apoptosis-related gene expressions. The results obtained from this study should also guide the potential utilization of oleuropein as an adjunct therapy for TNBC to increase chemotherapy effectiveness and prevent cancer progression.
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9
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By-Products from Winemaking and Olive Mill Value Chains for the Enrichment of Refined Olive Oil: Technological Challenges and Nutraceutical Features. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101390. [PMID: 33019655 PMCID: PMC7601883 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature is available about the valorization of food by-products to produce functional foods that combine the basic nutritional impact with the improvement of the health status of consumers. In this context, this study had two main objectives: (i) An innovative multistep extraction process for the production of a refined olive oil enriched with phenolic compounds (PE-ROO) extracted from olive pomace, olive leaves, or grape marc was presented and discussed. (ii) The most promising PE-ROOs were selected and utilized in in vitro and in vivo trials in order to determine their effectiveness in the management of high fat diet-induced-metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in rats. The best results were obtained when olive leaves were used as source of phenols, regardless of the chemical composition of the solvent utilized for the extraction. Furthermore, while ethanol/hexane mixture was confirmed as a good solvent for the extraction of phenols compounds soluble in oil, the mix ROO/ethanol also showed a good extracting power from olive leaves. Besides, the ROO enriched with phenols extracted from olive leaves revealed an interesting beneficial effect to counteract high fat diet-induced-metabolic disorder and oxidative stress in rats, closely followed by ROO enriched by utilizing grape marc.
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10
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The Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Whole Foods and Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072069. [PMID: 32664664 PMCID: PMC7400924 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight current research on the benefits of supplementation with foods with a diverse polyphenol composition, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, oils, spices, and teas in blunting atherosclerosis. We searched PubMed for publications utilizing whole food or polyphenols prepared from whole foods in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) or Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) knockout mice, and identified 73 studies in which plaque was measured. The majority of the studies reported a reduction in plaque. Nine interventions showed no effect, while three using Agaricus blazei mushroom, HYJA-ri-4 rice variety, and safrole-2', 3'-oxide (SFO) increased plaque. The mechanisms by which atherosclerosis was reduced include improved lipid profile, antioxidant status, and cholesterol clearance, and reduced inflammation. Importantly, not all dietary interventions that reduce plaque showed an improvement in lipid profile. Additionally, we found that, out of 73 studies, only 9 used female mice and only 6 compared both sexes. Only one study compared the two models (LDLR vs. ApoE), showing that the treatment worked in one but not the other. Not all supplementations work in both male and female animals, suggesting that increasing the variety of foods with different polyphenol compositions may be more effective in mitigating atherosclerosis.
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11
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Franconi F, Campesi I, Romani A. Is Extra Virgin Olive Oil an Ally for Women's and Men's Cardiovascular Health? Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:6719301. [PMID: 32454893 PMCID: PMC7212338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6719301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are long-lasting and slowly progressive and are the leading causes of death and disability. They include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) that are rising worldwide, with CVD being the leading cause of death in developed countries. Thus, there is a need to find new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Polyphenols seem to have cardioprotective properties; among them, polyphenols and/or minor polar compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are attracting special interest. In consideration of numerous sex differences present in CVD and DM, in this narrative review, we applied "gender glasses." Globally, it emerges that olive oil and its derivatives exert some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, modulate glucose metabolism, and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. However, as in prescription drugs, also in this case there is an important gender bias because the majority of the preclinical studies are performed on male animals, and the sex of donors of cells is not often known; thus a sex/gender bias characterizes preclinical research. There are numerous clinical studies that seem to suggest the benefits of EVOO and its derivatives in CVD; however, these studies have numerous limitations, presenting also a considerable heterogeneity across the interventions. Among limitations, one of the most relevant in the era of personalized medicine, is the non-attention versus women that are few and, also when they are enrolled, sex analysis is lacking. Therefore, in our opinion, it is time to perform more long, extensive and lessheterogeneous trials enrolling both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romani
- Laboratorio PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement Technology and Analysis), DiSIA Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Laboratorio di Qualità Delle Merci e Affidabilità di Prodotto, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 59100 Florence, Italy
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12
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Zhou S, Zeng X, Xu Z, Bai Z, Xu S, Jiang C, Zhuang G, Xu S. Paenibacillus polymyxa biofertilizer application in a tea plantation reduces soil N 2O by changing denitrifier communities. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:214-227. [PMID: 32011910 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the use of nitrogen fertilizers in tea orchards has led to intense nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Foliar application of Paenibacillus polymyxa biofertilizer has been proven to be beneficial for organic tea production. In this study, tea yield and quality were significantly improved after application of P. polymyxa biofertilizer compared with the control but were not significantly different from chemical fertilizer treatments. However, the average N2O fluxes in tea fields treated with chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers (225 kg N·ha-1·year-1 for both) were 50.6-973.7 and 0.6-29.1 times higher than those in the control treatment, respectively. Pot experiments conducted to explore the mechanism of N2O reduction induced by P. polymyxa biofertilizer showed that applying P. polymyxa in addition to urea could reduce N2O fluxes by 36.5%-73.1%. Quantitative PCR analysis suggested that a significant increase in the quantity of nirK and nosZ genes was linked to the reduction of N2O, and high-throughput sequencing of nosZ revealed active and potentially efficient denitrifiers in different treatments. Our findings suggest that P. polymyxa biofertilizer is in line with the requirements of modern agriculture, which aims to increase product yield and quality while reducing negative environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Zhou
- Shenzhen DiDa Water Engineering Limited Company, Shenzhen 518116, P.R. China.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Xiangui Zeng
- Shenzhen DiDa Water Engineering Limited Company, Shenzhen 518116, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Agricultural College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 414699, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Shengming Xu
- Agricultural College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 414699, P.R. China
| | - Cancan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhuang
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
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13
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Virgin Olive Oil and Health: Summary of the III International Conference on Virgin Olive Oil and Health Consensus Report, JAEN (Spain) 2018. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092039. [PMID: 31480506 PMCID: PMC6770785 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is considered as the foremost dietary regimen and its adoption is associated with the prevention of degenerative diseases and an extended longevity. The preeminent features of the Mediterranean diet have been agreed upon and the consumption of olive oil stands out as the most peculiar one. Indeed, the use of olive oil as the nearly exclusive dietary fat is what mostly characterizes the Mediterranean area. Plenty of epidemiological studies have correlated that the consumption of olive oil was associated with better overall health. Indeed, extra virgin olive oil contains (poly)phenolic compounds that are being actively investigated for their purported biological and pharma-nutritional properties. On 18 and 19 May 2018, several experts convened in Jaen (Spain) to discuss the most recent research on the benefits of olive oil and its components. We reported a summary of that meeting (reviewing several topics related to olive oil, not limited to health) and concluded that substantial evidence is accruing to support the widespread opinion that extra virgin olive oil should, indeed, be the fat of choice when it comes to human health and sustainable agronomy.
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Annunziata G, Maisto M, Schisano C, Ciampaglia R, Daliu P, Narciso V, Tenore GC, Novellino E. Colon Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of White, Green and Black Tea Polyphenols Extract after In Vitro Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111711. [PMID: 30413043 PMCID: PMC6266738 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of the tea beverage are well-known and mainly attributed to polyphenols which, however, have poor bioaccessibility and bioavailability. The purpose of the present study was the evaluation of colon bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of tea polyphenolic extract. An 80% methanolic extract (v/v) of tea polyphenols was obtained from green (GT), white (WT) and black tea (BT). Simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion was performed on acid-resistant capsules containing tea polyphenolic extract. The main tea polyphenols were monitored by HPLC-diode-array detector (DAD) method; in addition, Total Phenol Content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were evaluated. After GI digestion, the bioaccessibility in the colon stage was significantly increased compared to the duodenal stage for both tea polyphenols and TPC. Similarly, the antioxidant activity in the colon stage was significantly higher than that in the duodenal stage. Reasonably, these results could be attributable in vivo to the activity of gut microbiota, which is able to metabolize these compounds, generating metabolites with a greater antioxidant activity. Our results may guide the comprehension of the colon digestion of polyphenols, suggesting that, although poorly absorbed in the duodenum, they can exert their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the lower gut, resulting in a novel strategy for the management of gut-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Maisto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Connie Schisano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberto Ciampaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Patricia Daliu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Viviana Narciso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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15
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Wang X, Zeng Q, del Mar Contreras M, Wang L. Profiling and quantification of phenolic compounds in Camellia seed oils: Natural tea polyphenols in vegetable oil. Food Res Int 2017; 102:184-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Mucaji P, Atanasov AG, Bak A, Kozik V, Sieron K, Olsen M, Pan W, Liu Y, Hu S, Lan J, Haider N, Musiol R, Vanco J, Diederich M, Ji S, Zitko J, Wang D, Agbaba D, Nikolic K, Oljacic S, Vucicevic J, Jezova D, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A, Tsopelas F, Giaginis C, Kowalska T, Sajewicz M, Silberring J, Mielczarek P, Smoluch M, Jendrzejewska I, Polanski J, Jampilek J. The Forty-Sixth Euro Congress on Drug Synthesis and Analysis: Snapshot †. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111848. [PMID: 29143778 PMCID: PMC6150335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The 46th EuroCongress on Drug Synthesis and Analysis (ECDSA-2017) was arranged within the celebration of the 65th Anniversary of the Faculty of Pharmacy at Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia from 5-8 September 2017 to get together specialists in medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis, pharmaceutical analysis, screening of bioactive compounds, pharmacology and drug formulations; promote the exchange of scientific results, methods and ideas; and encourage cooperation between researchers from all over the world. The topic of the conference, "Drug Synthesis and Analysis," meant that the symposium welcomed all pharmacists and/or researchers (chemists, analysts, biologists) and students interested in scientific work dealing with investigations of biologically active compounds as potential drugs. The authors of this manuscript were plenary speakers and other participants of the symposium and members of their research teams. The following summary highlights the major points/topics of the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Mucaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrzej Bak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Violetta Kozik
- Department of Synthesis Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Karolina Sieron
- Department of Physical Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mark Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Glendale, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Weidong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Yazhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Shengchao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Junjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Norbert Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Robert Musiol
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Jan Vanco
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry & Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Seungwon Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jan Zitko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Danica Agbaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Slavica Oljacic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelica Vucicevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Anna Tsantili-Kakoulidou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Fotios Tsopelas
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece.
| | - Teresa Kowalska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mieczyslaw Sajewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marek Smoluch
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Izabela Jendrzejewska
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, University of Silesia, Bankowa 12, 40006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Jaroslaw Polanski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Martini D, Del Bo’ C, Porrini M, Ciappellano S, Riso P. Role of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods in the modulation of PON1 activity and expression. J Nutr Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Fernández-Castillejo S, García-Heredia AI, Solà R, Camps J, López de la Hazas MC, Farràs M, Pedret A, Catalán Ú, Rubió L, Motilva MJ, Castañer O, Covas MI, Valls RM. Phenol-enriched olive oils modify paraoxonase-related variables: A randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28544610 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Low paraoxonase (PON)1 activities, and high PON1 and low PON3 protein levels are characteristic of cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to assess short- and long-term effects of virgin olive oils (VOO), enriched with their own phenolic compounds (PC; FVOO) or with them plus complementary PC from thyme (FVOOT), on PON-related variables and the mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Two randomized, controlled, double-blind, and crossover interventions were conducted. In an acute intake study, participants ingested three FVOOs differing in PC content. In a sustained intake study, participants ingested a control VOO and two different FVOOs with the same PC content but differing in PC source. Acute and sustained intake of VOO and FVOO decreased PON1 protein and increased PON1-associated specific activities, while FVOOT yielded opposite results. PON3 protein levels increased only after sustained consumption of VOO. Mechanistic studies performed in rat livers showed that intake of isolated PC from VOO and from thyme modulate mitogen-activated protein kinases and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors regulating PON synthesis, while a combination of these PCs cancels such regulation. CONCLUSION This study reveals that the intake of phenol-enriched FVOOs modulates oxidative balance by modifying PON-related variables according to PC content and source, and this modulation can be perceived as beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Isabel García-Heredia
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Marta Farràs
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Food Technology, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Department of Food Technology, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment), Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden
| | - Rosa-Maria Valls
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Dairi S, Carbonneau MA, Galeano-Diaz T, Remini H, Dahmoune F, Aoun O, Belbahi A, Lauret C, Cristol JP, Madani K. Antioxidant effects of extra virgin olive oil enriched by myrtle phenolic extracts on iron-mediated lipid peroxidation under intestinal conditions model. Food Chem 2017; 237:297-304. [PMID: 28763999 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chelating and free radicals scavenging activities of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) enriched by Myrtus communis phenolic compounds (McPCs), α-tocopherol and Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were evaluated using chemical assays, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and biological model as 2,2'-azobis (2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) or Fe+3/Ascorbic acid (Fe+3/AsA) system mediated peroxidation of l-α-phosphatidylcholine aqueous dispersions stabilized by bile salts (BS) under simulated intestinal conditions (pH 7.4). McPC-EEVOO increased significantly the neutralization of DPPH radical and AAPH-derived radicals in ORAC assay more than α-tocopherol and BHT. The phospholipid stability increased by a factor of 33.6%, 34.8%, 19.3% and 10.7% for myrtle microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and conventional extraction (CE) extracts, α-tocopherol and BHT, respectively, as compared to the control (EVOO without enrichment) in Fe+3/AsA system. But a slightly additive effect was observed when AAPH system was used. Our observation showed that McPCs may interact positively with EVOO to inhibit phospholipid peroxidation, and thus, McPC-EEVOO could be a potential functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Dairi
- Laboratoire Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et de Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria; Département de Microbiologie Appliquée et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Jijel, 18000 Jijel, Algeria
| | - Marie-Annette Carbonneau
- UMR 204 NUTRIPASS, University Institute of Clinical Research - 641, Av. Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34093 Montpellier Cedex5, France
| | | | - Hocine Remini
- Laboratoire Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et de Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria; Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria
| | - Farid Dahmoune
- Laboratoire Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et de Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria; Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria.
| | - Omar Aoun
- Laboratoire Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et de Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria; Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Khemis Miliana, 44225 Khemis Miliana, Algeria
| | - Amine Belbahi
- Laboratoire Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et de Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Céline Lauret
- UMR 204 NUTRIPASS, University Institute of Clinical Research - 641, Av. Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34093 Montpellier Cedex5, France
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- UMR 204 NUTRIPASS, University Institute of Clinical Research - 641, Av. Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34093 Montpellier Cedex5, France
| | - Khodir Madani
- Laboratoire Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et de Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
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20
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Perona JS. Membrane lipid alterations in the metabolic syndrome and the role of dietary oils. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1690-1703. [PMID: 28428072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of pathological conditions, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and low HDL levels that is of great concern worldwide, as individuals with metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance, the key feature of the metabolic syndrome, might be at the same time cause and consequence of impaired lipid composition in plasma membranes of insulin-sensitive tissues like liver, muscle and adipose tissue. Diet intervention has been proposed as a powerful tool to prevent the development of the metabolic syndrome, since healthy diets have been shown to have a protective role against the components of the metabolic syndrome. Particularly, dietary fatty acids are capable of modulating the deleterious effects of these conditions, among other mechanisms, by modifications of the lipid composition of the membranes in insulin-sensitive tissues. However, there is still scarce data based of high-level evidence on the effects of dietary oils on the effects of the metabolic syndrome and its components. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of dietary oils on improving alterations of the components of the metabolic syndrome. It also examines their influence in the modulation of plasma membrane lipid composition and in the functionality of membrane proteins involved in insulin activity, like the insulin receptor, GLUT-4, CD36/FAT and ABCA-1, and their effect in the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids and cholesterol, and, in turn, the key features of the metabolic syndrome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier S Perona
- Bioactive Compunds, Nutrition and Health, Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera km 1, Building 46, 41013 Seville, (Spain)
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21
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Reboredo-Rodríguez P, Figueiredo-González M, González-Barreiro C, Simal-Gándara J, Salvador MD, Cancho-Grande B, Fregapane G. State of the Art on Functional Virgin Olive Oils Enriched with Bioactive Compounds and Their Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030668. [PMID: 28335517 PMCID: PMC5372680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Virgin olive oil, the main fat of the Mediterranean diet, is per se considered as a functional food—as stated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)—due to its content in healthy compounds. The daily intake of endogenous bioactive phenolics from virgin olive oil is variable due to the influence of multiple agronomic and technological factors. Thus, a good strategy to ensure an optimal intake of polyphenols through habitual diet would be to produce enriched virgin olive oil with well-known bioactive polyphenols. Different sources of natural biological active substances can be potentially used to enrich virgin olive oil (e.g., raw materials derived from the same olive tree, mainly olive leaves and pomaces, and/or other compounds from plants and vegetables, mainly herbs and spices). The development of these functional olive oils may help in prevention of chronic diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases, immune frailty, ageing disorders and degenerative diseases) and improving the quality of life for many consumers reducing health care costs. In the present review, the most relevant scientific information related to the development of enriched virgin olive oil and their positive human health effects has been collected and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - María Figueiredo-González
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Carmen González-Barreiro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Jesús Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - María Desamparados Salvador
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real Campus, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Cancho-Grande
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Giuseppe Fregapane
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real Campus, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Millar CL, Duclos Q, Blesso CN. Effects of Dietary Flavonoids on Reverse Cholesterol Transport, HDL Metabolism, and HDL Function. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:226-239. [PMID: 28298268 PMCID: PMC5347106 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong experimental evidence confirms that HDL directly alleviates atherosclerosis. HDL particles display diverse atheroprotective functions in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic processes. In certain inflammatory disease states, however, HDL particles may become dysfunctional and proatherogenic. Flavonoids show the potential to improve HDL function through their well-documented effects on cellular antioxidant status and inflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize the basic science and clinical research examining the effects of dietary flavonoids on RCT and HDL function. Based on preclinical studies that used cell culture and rodent models, it appears that many flavonoids (e.g., anthocyanidins, flavonols, and flavone subclasses) influence RCT and HDL function beyond simple HDL cholesterol concentration by regulating cellular cholesterol efflux from macrophages and hepatic paraoxonase 1 expression and activity. In clinical studies, dietary anthocyanin intake is associated with beneficial changes in serum biomarkers related to HDL function in a variety of human populations (e.g., in those who are hyperlipidemic, hypertensive, or diabetic), including increased HDL cholesterol concentration, as well as HDL antioxidant and cholesterol efflux capacities. However, clinical research on HDL functionality is lacking for some flavonoid subclasses (e.g., flavanols, flavones, flavanones, and isoflavones). Although there has been a tremendous effort to develop HDL-targeted drug therapies, more research is warranted on how the intake of foods or specific nutrients affects HDL function.
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Peñalvo GC, Robledo VR, Callado CSC, Santander-Ortega MJ, Castro-Vázquez L, Lozano MV, Arroyo-Jiménez MM. Improving green enrichment of virgin olive oil by oregano. Effects on antioxidants. Food Chem 2016; 197:509-15. [PMID: 26616982 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This work is about improvement of a maceration method in order to achieve a green process for the enrichment of virgin olive oil (VOO) with natural antioxidants, specifically from oregano leaves. This goal was accomplished after evaluating different mechanical methods, i.e. magnetic stirring, sonication, vertical stirring and sonication in combination with vertical stirring, for promoting the extraction of the antioxidants from oregano. The results obtained indicated that the best extraction procedure was vertical stirring at 1000 r.p.m. for 3 h. Therefore, these conditions were selected to enrich VOO with phenolic acids (mainly rosmarinic acid) and endogenous antioxidants (o-coumaric and vanillic acids), and further determine their stability at room temperature or under temperature stress (50°C) during 45 days. Quantitative analysis of rosmarinic, o-coumaric and vanillic acids was carried out by an off-line, solid phase extraction, capillary zone, electrophoresis method combined with diode-array detector (SPE-CE-DAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Castañeda Peñalvo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla - La Mancha, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Virginia Rodríguez Robledo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla - La Mancha, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Ciudad Real, Spain; Research Group: Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Carolina Sánchez-Carnerero Callado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla - La Mancha, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M J Santander-Ortega
- Research Group: Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy, Albacete, Spain
| | - L Castro-Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla - La Mancha, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Ciudad Real, Spain; Research Group: Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy, Albacete, Spain
| | - M Victoria Lozano
- Research Group: Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy, Albacete, Spain
| | - M M Arroyo-Jiménez
- Research Group: Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy, Albacete, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The functional capacities of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) reflect the physiological role of the particle better than the quantity of HDL cholesterol. Owing to its phenolic compounds, the consumption of virgin olive oil has emerged as a promising therapy to promote these capacities. This review highlights the human studies that explain these benefits and explores some possible mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS The consumption of olive oil phenolic compounds increased the ability of HDLs to pick up cholesterol excess in peripheral cells (the cholesterol efflux capacity). Olive oil phenolic compounds have also been shown to improve HDL antioxidant capacities and some anti-inflammatory traits. These changes respond to an improvement of HDL oxidative status and composition. SUMMARY Novel strategies to increase HDL functional capacities are in demand from clinicians. The attainment of a fully-functional HDL through dietary or lifestyle changes is a priority in cardiovascular research. Within this context, the consumption of virgin olive oil, because of its phenolic compounds, may be a relevant protective approach. Further studies in large-scale, randomized controlled trials are, however, required to confirm these effects in HDL functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Hernáez
- aCardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona bCIBER de Fisiopatología de la Nutrición y la Obesidad (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid cPh.D Program of Food Science and Nutrition, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Chen G, Tan ML, Li KK, Leung PC, Ko CH. Green tea polyphenols decreases uric acid level through xanthine oxidase and renal urate transporters in hyperuricemic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:14-20. [PMID: 26344851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Green tea is a Chinese materia medica with the main functions of "inducing urination and quenching thirst". Green tea polyphenols (GTP) are generally acknowledged as the main active fraction with multiple pharmacological functions in green tea. However, the effect of GTP on hyperuricemia is not clear till now. AIM OF STUDY The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of GTP on serum level of uric acid in potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemic mice, and explore the underlying mechanisms from two aspects of production and excretion of uric acid. MATERIALS AND METHODS PO and GTP were intragastricly administered to mice for consecutive 7 days. Serum level of uric acid, and xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in serum and liver were examined. Simultaneously, expression of XOD protein in liver was analyzed by Western blot assay. Expressions of urate transporters including urate-anion transporter (URAT) 1, organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 and 3 in kidney were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining method. RESULTS 300 and 600 mg/kg GTP significantly decreased serum level of uric acid of hyperuricemic mice in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Besides, 300 and 600 mg/kg GTP markedly reduced XOD activity in serum and liver of hyperuricemic mice (both p<0.01). Furthermore, 300 and 600 mg/kg GTP clearly reduced XOD expression in liver, as well as reduced URAT1 expression and increased OAT1 and OAT3 expressions in kidney of hyperuricemic mice (p<0.05 or p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that GTP had the effect of lowering uric acid through decreasing the uric acid production and increasing uric acid excretion. Our study suggested that GTP would be a promising candidate as a novel hypouricaemic agent for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nature Medicine Research, Chongqing Key Lab of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Ming-Liang Tan
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nature Medicine Research, Chongqing Key Lab of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Kai-Kai Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols Promote Cholesterol Efflux and Improve HDL Functionality. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:208062. [PMID: 26495005 PMCID: PMC4606102 DOI: 10.1155/2015/208062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Results of the present work give evidence from the beneficial role of extra virgin olive of oil (EVOO) consumption towards oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases. Polyphenols contained in EVOO are responsible for inhibiting lipoproteins oxidative damages and promoting reverse cholesterol transport process via ABCA1 pathway.
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Farràs M, Castañer O, Martín-Peláez S, Hernáez Á, Schröder H, Subirana I, Muñoz-Aguayo D, Gaixas S, Torre RDL, Farré M, Rubió L, Díaz Ó, Fernández-Castillejo S, Solà R, Motilva MJ, Fitó M. Complementary phenol-enriched olive oil improves HDL characteristics in hypercholesterolemic subjects. A randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled trial. The VOHF study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1758-70. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Farràs
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry; Molecular Biology and Biomedicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB); Barcelona Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Sandra Martín-Peláez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
| | - Álvaro Hernáez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group; Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz-Aguayo
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
| | - Sònia Gaixas
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group; Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB); Barcelona Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department; UTPV-XaRTA; Agrotecnio Center; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Óscar Díaz
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosis; CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital; IISPV; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosis; CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital; IISPV; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Maria José Motilva
- Food Technology Department; UTPV-XaRTA; Agrotecnio Center; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; Regicor Study Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
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Lou-Bonafonte JM, Gabás-Rivera C, Navarro MA, Osada J. PON1 and Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 2015; 7:4068-92. [PMID: 26024295 PMCID: PMC4488773 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has been proven to be highly effective in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has been implicated in the development of those conditions, especially atherosclerosis. The present work describes a systematic review of current evidence supporting the influence of Mediterranean diet and its constituents on this enzyme. Despite the differential response of some genetic polymorphisms, the Mediterranean diet has been shown to exert a protective action on this enzyme. Extra virgin olive oil, the main source of fat, has been particularly effective in increasing PON1 activity, an action that could be due to low saturated fatty acid intake, oleic acid enrichment of phospholipids present in high-density lipoproteins that favor the activity, and increasing hepatic PON1 mRNA and protein expressions induced by minor components present in this oil. Other Mediterranean diet constituents, such as nuts, fruits and vegetables, have been effective in modulating the activity of the enzyme, pomegranate and its compounds being the best characterized items. Ongoing research on compounds isolated from all these natural products, mainly phenolic compounds and carotenoids, indicates that some of them are particularly effective, and this may enhance the use of nutraceuticals and functional foods capable of potentiating PON1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Lou-Bonafonte
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, E-22002, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.
| | - Clara Gabás-Rivera
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.
| | - María A Navarro
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.
| | - Jesús Osada
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.
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Vlachojannis C, Erne P, Schoenenberger AW, Chrubasik-Hausmann S. A Critical Evaluation of the Clinical Evidence for Pomegranate Preparations in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Phytother Res 2015; 29:501-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vlachojannis
- Institute of Forensic Medicine; University of Freiburg; Albertstr. 9 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Paul Erne
- Hirslanden Klinik St. Anna; St. Annastr. 32 CH 6006 Luzern Switzerland
| | - Andreas W. Schoenenberger
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital; University of Bern; 3010 Bern Switzerland
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Lee YT, Hsieh YL, Yeh YH, Huang CY. Synthesis of phenolic amides and evaluation of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
15 phenolic amides (PAs) have been synthesized and examinedin vitrousing four tests: (1) prevention of Cu2+-induced human low-density lipoprotein oxidation, (2) scavenging of stable radicals, (3) anti-inflammatory activity, and (4) scavenging of superoxide radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Lee
- Department of Beauty Science
- National Taichung University of Science and Technology
- Taichung
- Republic of China
| | - You-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology
- Asia University
- Taichung
- Republic of China
| | - Yen-Hung Yeh
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung
- Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology
- Asia University
- Taichung
- Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science
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31
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Alessandri S, Ieri F, Romani A. Minor polar compounds in extra virgin olive oil: correlation between HPLC-DAD-MS and the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:826-835. [PMID: 24405086 DOI: 10.1021/jf403104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Minor polar compounds of 88 extra virgin olive oils were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass spectrometry) and by the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) spectrophotometric method, to validate and evaluate, for olive oils, the linear association between FC and HPLC data. The Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between HPLC and FC results. The highest, positive R were related with deacetoxyoleuropein aglycone (R = 0.93) and oleuropein aglycone (R = 0.93) as single compounds and with the sum of orthodiphenols (R = 0.94) and the sum of all compounds (R = 0.95), showing that both estimations of total phenols content are reliably correlated, regardless for the absolute contents and are independent of the relative composition of the phenolic fraction. On the other hand the HPLC quantifications of apigenin and lignans showed no significant correlation with FC. These results, supported also by principal component analysis, may suggest caution about the interpretation of FC results to compare olive oils with very different phenolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Alessandri
- Department of Statistic, Informatics and Applications ″G. Parenti″ (DiSIA), University of Florence , Viale Morgagni, 59 - 50134 Firenze (FI), Italy
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Zhai X, Chi J, Tang W, Ji Z, Zhao F, Jiang C, Lv H, Guo H. Yellow Wine Polyphenolic Compounds Inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinase-2, -9 Expression and Improve Atherosclerotic Plaque in LDL-Receptor–Knockout Mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 125:132-41. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13263fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Eren E, Yilmaz N, Aydin O. Functionally defective high-density lipoprotein and paraoxonase: a couple for endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. CHOLESTEROL 2013; 2013:792090. [PMID: 24222847 PMCID: PMC3814057 DOI: 10.1155/2013/792090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is the primary target for biochemical or mechanical injuries caused by the putative risk factors of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction represents the ultimate link between atherosclerotic risk factors that promote atherosclerosis. HDL-C is thought to exert at least some parts of its antiatherogenic facilities via stimulating endothelial NO production, nearby inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. HDL-C is capable of opposing LDL's inductive effects and avoiding the ox-LDL's inhibition of eNOS. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme esterase which appears to contribute to the antioxidant and antiatherosclerotic capabilities of HDL-C. "Healthy HDL," namely the particle that contains the active Paraoxonase 1, has the power to suppress the formation of oxidized lipids. "Dysfunctional HDL," on the contrary, has reduced Paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity and not only fails in its mission but also potentially leads to greater formation of oxidized lipids/lipoproteins to cause endothelial dysfunction. The association of HDL-C PON1 and endothelial dysfunction depends largely on the molecules with exact damaging effect on NO synthase coupling. Loss of nitric oxide bioavailability has a pivotal role in endothelial dysfunction preceding the appearance of atherosclerosis. Analyses of HDL-C and Paraoxonase1 would be more important in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis in the very near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Eren
- Laboratory of Atatürk Hospital, 07040 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Necat Yilmaz
- Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, 07100 Antalya, Turkey
- Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Merkez Laboratuvarı Soğuksu, 07100 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Aydin
- Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, 07100 Antalya, Turkey
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35
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Liu Y, Bai Q, Liu Y, Di D, Guo M, Zhao L, Li J. Simultaneous purification of tea polyphenols and caffeine from discarded green tea by macroporous adsorption resins. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Yin J, Andersen ML, Skibsted LH. Reduction of ferrylmyoglobin by theanine and green tea catechins. Importance of specific Acid catalysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3159-3166. [PMID: 23461366 DOI: 10.1021/jf400219r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of the hypervalent heme pigment ferrylmyoglobin by green tea catechins in aqueous solution of pH = 7.5 was investigated by stopped-flow spectroscopy. Reduction by the gallic acid esters epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, k2 = 1460 L mol(-1) s(-1), 25.0 °C, 0.16 ionic strength) and epicatechin gallate (ECG, 1410 L mol(-1) s(-1)) was found faster than for epicatechin (EC, 300 L mol(-1) s(-1)) and epigallocatechin (EGC, 200 L mol(-1) s(-1)), even though the gallate ion (G, 330 L mol(-1) s(-1)) is similar in rate to EC. The rate for reduction by EC, EGC, ECG, EGCG, and G shows no correlation with their oxidation potentials or phenolic hydrogen-oxygen bond dissociation energy, but with the pKa of the most acidic phenol group. Theanine, with an acidity similar to that of EC, reduces ferrylmyoglobin with a similar rate (200 L mol(-1) s(-1)), in support of general acid catalysis with an initial proton transfer prior to electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Food Chemistry, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Kishimoto Y, Tani M, Kondo K. Pleiotropic preventive effects of dietary polyphenols in cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:532-5. [PMID: 23403879 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are common constituents of the diet, and research on their health benefits has developed quickly over the past few years. Our purpose is to review recent findings highlighting daily dietary polyphenol intake and the diverse function of polyphenols and their possible relationships to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several cohort studies have reported an inverse relationship between the daily consumption of polyphenols and CVD risk. Many studies showed that beverages could be a large source of polyphenols. Our previous findings provide that Japanese people intake polyphenols mainly from beverages, especially coffee and green tea (in descending order of polyphenol content). Many kinds of polyphenols act as an antioxidant against low-density lipoprotein oxidation, which is known to promote atherosclerosis. Recent accumulating evidence suggests that dietary polyphenols could exert their cardioprotective actions through their potential to improve metabolic disorder and vascular inflammation. These findings raise the possibility that polyphenols have a wide variety of roles in the intestine, liver and vascular tissue. In addition to identifying mechanisms of polyphenol bioactivity by basic research, much more epidemiological and clinical evidence linking reduced cardiovascular risk with dietary polyphenols intake are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kishimoto
- Institute of Environmental Science for Human Life, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Extra-virgin olive oil consumption improves the capacity of HDL to mediate cholesterol efflux and increases ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression in human macrophages. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:1844-55. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512003856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption on the capacity of HDL to promote cholesterol efflux (CE) and to determine which CE pathways are modulated by EVOO consumption. Whole HDL and HDL2/HDL3 subclasses were isolated from the plasma of twenty-six healthy volunteers before and after 12 weeks of EVOO consumption (25 ml/d). EVOO consumption increased the capacity of serum and HDL to mediate CE from THP-1, J774 macrophages and Fu5AH cells by 9·8–24·57 %, depending on the cell type. The increase in CE was independent of both HDL concentration and subclass distribution. The three HDL-mediated CE pathways (ATP-binding cassette (ABC) A1, ABCG1 and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)) were modulated by EVOO consumption. The fluidity of the phospholipidic layer of HDL increased by 13 % (P< 0·001) following EVOO consumption compared with baseline. EVOO consumption also increased the release of excess cholesterol from human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) by 44 % (P< 0·001), and ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA transcription by 16·08 % (P< 0·001) and 35·79 % (P< 0·01), respectively. The protein expression of these two cholesterol transporters also increased after EVOO consumption. In contrast, SR-BI mRNA and protein expression in HMDM were significantly lower after 12 weeks of EVOO consumption. Incubating J774 macrophages with EVOO polyphenol extracts induced a concentration-dependent up-regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression in macrophages. After 12 weeks of EVOO consumption, the capacity of HDL to mediate CE was improved and the ability of HMDM to release excess cholesterol was enhanced by increasing the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters.
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Effects of dietary supplementation of tea saponins (Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng) on ruminal fermentation, digestibility and plasma antioxidant parameters in goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lou-Bonafonte JM, Arnal C, Navarro MA, Osada J. Efficacy of bioactive compounds from extra virgin olive oil to modulate atherosclerosis development. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1043-57. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Monitoring the enrichment of virgin olive oil with natural antioxidants by using a new capillary electrophoresis method. Food Chem 2012; 133:497-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To place the Mediterranean diet (MedDi) in the context of the cultural history of the Middle East and emphasise the health effects of some of the biblical seven species - wheat, barley, grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives and date honey. DESIGN Review of the literature concerning the benefits of these foods. SETTING Middle East and Mediterranean Basin. SUBJECTS Mediterranean populations and clinical studies utilising the MedDi. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The MedDi has been associated with lower rates of CVD, and epidemiological evidence promotes the benefits of consuming fruit and vegetables. Recommended foods for optimal health include whole grain, fish, wine, pomegranates, figs, walnuts and extra virgin olive oil. The biblical traditional diet, including the seven species and additional Mediterranean fruits, has great health advantages, especially for CVD. In addition to the diet, lifestyle adaptation that involves increasing physical activity and organised meals, together with healthy food choices, is consistent with the traditional MedDi. The MedDi is a manageable, lifestyle-friendly diet that, when fortified with its biblical antecedent attributes, may prove to be even more enjoyable and considerably healthier in combating the obesogenic environment and in decreasing the risks of the non-communicable diseases of modern life than conventional, modern dietary recommendations. The biblical seven species, together with other indigenous foods from the Middle East, are now scientifically recognised as healthy foods, and further improve the many beneficial effects of the MedDi.
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Costa-Mugica A, Batista- Gonzalez AE, Mondejar D, Soto-López Y, Brito-Navarro V, Vázquez AM, Brömme D, Zaldívar-Muñoz C, Vidal-Novoa A, Silva AMDOE, Mancini-Filho J. Inhibition of LDL-oxidation and antioxidant properties related to polyphenol content of hydrophilic fractions from seaweed Halimeda Incrassata (Ellis) Lamouroux. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502012000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
LDL oxidation and oxidative stress are closely related to atherosclerosis. Therefore, natural antioxidants have been studied as promising candidates. In the present study, the LDL oxidation inhibition activity of bioactive compounds from Halimeda incrassata seaweed. associated to antioxidant capacity, was evaluated in vitro. Experimental work was conducted with lyophilized aqueous extract and phenolic-rich fractions of the seaweed and their effect on LDL oxidation was evaluated using heparin-precipitated LDL (hep-LDL) with exposure to Cu2+ ions and AAPH as the free radical generator. H. incrassata had a protective effect for hep-LDL in both systems and the presence of phenolic compounds contributed to the activity where phenolic-rich fractions showed significant capacity for inhibition of oxidation mediated by Cu2+ ions. The observed effect could be related to the antioxidant potential of polar fractions evidenced by reducing activity and DPPH• radical scavenging. The results obtained in vitro further support the antioxidant and LDL oxidation inhibition properties of H. incrassata and further knowledge toward future phytotherapeutic application of the seaweed.
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Ferretti G, Bacchetti T. Effect of dietary lipids on paraoxonase-1 activity and gene expression. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:88-94. [PMID: 22118836 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Aim of the paper was to summarize the literature about the effect of dietary lipids on activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON1), a multifunctional enzyme associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL). PON1 exerts a protective effect against oxidative damage of cells and lipoproteins and modulates the susceptibility of HDL and LDL to atherogenic modifications such as homocysteinylation. DATA SYNTHESIS The present review shows evidence that the amount and the composition of dietary lipids are key factors in the modulation of PON1. The effect of dietary lipids is also modulated by PON1 polymorphisms. The molecular mechanisms involved include an effect on PON1 hepatic synthesis or secretion and/or modification of PON1 interactions with HDL. Changes of PON1 activity could also be related to dietary intake of oxidized lipids that behave as PON1 inhibitors. CONCLUSION Dietary fatty acids by the modulation of PON1 gene expression and activity could constitute an useful approach for the prevention of human diseases associated with oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Sperimentali e Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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Hassan HA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Effect of soybean oil on atherogenic metabolic risks associated with estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized rats. J Physiol Biochem 2011; 68:247-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Buus NH, Hansson NC, Rodriguez-Rodriguez R, Stankevicius E, Andersen MR, Simonsen U. Antiatherogenic effects of oleanolic acid in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:519-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Eilertsen KE, Mæhre HK, Cludts K, Olsen JO, Hoylaerts MF. Dietary enrichment of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice with extra virgin olive oil in combination with seal oil inhibits atherogenesis. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:41. [PMID: 21371300 PMCID: PMC3056820 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study we investigated the antiatherogenic effect of dietary enrichment of a combination of extra virgin olive oil (EVO) and seal oil on apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-). Methods Six-week-old female and male apoE-/- mice were for 12 weeks fed a lipid rich diet containing 19.5% fat and 1.25% cholesterol without any supplement, with 1% (wt/wt) mixture of extra virgin olive and seal oil (EVO/n-3), or 1% corn oil, respectively. Results Supplementation with the combination of EVO/n-3 significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation in the aortic arch, thoracoabdominal, and total aorta of female apoE-/-mice. The effect was less pronounced in male mice and significant reduction was only observed in the thoracoabdominal region of the aorta. There were no differences or changes in dietary intake or body weight gain. However, compared to the other groups, plasma levels of triglycerides were reduced in both female and male mice fed the EVO/n-3 mixture. Male mice on both treatments showed reduced plasma cholesterol compared to the control mice after 12 weeks on diet. Conclusion Dietary supplementation of a marine/olive oil combination inhibits atherosclerotic lesion formation in the female apoE-/- mice by antithrombotic, antihypertriglyceridemic, and antioxidant effects.
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Dursun E, Monari E, Cuoghi A, Bergamini S, Ozben B, Suleymanlar G, Tomasi A, Ozben T. Proteomic profiling during atherosclerosis progression using SELDI-TOF-MS: effect of darbepoetin treatment. Acta Histochem 2010; 112:432-43. [PMID: 19500820 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Narrowing of the arteries due to atherosclerosis may lead to congestive heart failure (CHF). It is advantageous to perform atherosclerosis studies in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apo E(-/-)) mice models, which develop atherosclerosis very rapidly in comparison to humans. Darbepoetin is a synthetic erythropoietin analogue and stimulates erythropoiesis. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of 16 weeks of darbepoetin treatment on serum protein profiles in Apo E(-/-) mice during atherosclerosis progression. Serum proteomic analyses were performed using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) in the darbepoetin-treated and non-treated (control) Apo E(-/-) mice groups. The protein profiles obtained using three different chips, CM-10 (weak cation exchange), H50 (reversed-phase) and IMAC-30 (immobilized metal affinity capture), were statistically analyzed using the ProteinChip data manager 3.0 program. At the end of 16 weeks of darbepoetin treatment, there was no significant difference in the size and degree of atherosclerotic lesions between the darbepoetin and control mice groups. In contrast, 145 protein/peptide-clustering peaks, >5 kDa, had statistically significant differences in their peak intensities between the darbepoetin and control mice groups (p<0.05). That the proteomic profiles of darbepoetin-treated Apo E(-/-) mice were found to differ from those of the control group indicates a potential beneficial role of darbepoetin in atherosclerosis. Our study contributes to understanding the effects of darbepoetin on protein/peptide expressions during atherosclerosis development.
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Leckey LC, Garige M, Varatharajalu R, Gong M, Nagata T, Spurney CF, Lakshman RM. Quercetin and ethanol attenuate the progression of atherosclerotic plaques with concomitant up regulation of paraoxonase1 (PON1) gene expression and PON1 activity in LDLR-/- mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 34:1535-42. [PMID: 20586760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As moderate wine drinking is atheroprotective, it is clinically relevant to elucidate its possible mechanism/s of action/s. Our objective is to demonstrate the potential benefits of the wine components, quercetin and ethanol, on the development of aortic plaques with parallel changes in antiatherogenic factors. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of quercetin and ethanol on the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions, liver PON1 gene expression, and serum PON1 activity were measured in LDLR(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet for 4 and 8 weeks. Depending on the duration and dosage of these modulators, 12.5 to 25 mg/dl quercetin (12.5Q to 25Q) and 18 to 25% ethanol, the magnitude of decreases in aortic lesions caused by moderate ethanol and quercetin ranged from 20 to 70% (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) based on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) analyses, and from 18 to 61% (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) based on morphometric analyses. The composite plot of all the UBM and morphometric data showed significant correlation between these 2 methods (p = 0.0001, Pearson r = 0.79 for 4-week treatment; p = 0.000004, Pearson r = 0.84 for 8-week treatment). Concomitantly, 4-week treatments with 12.5Q and 18% ethanol up regulated liver PON1 mRNA by 41% (p < 0.05) and 37% (p < 0.05), respectively, accompanied by 92% (p < 0.001) and 61% (p < 0.001) increases in serum PON1 activity, respectively. The corresponding values after 8-week treatment with 12.5Q and 18% ethanol were 23% (p < 0.05) and 40% (p < 0.02) with respect to the up regulation of liver PON1 mRNA expression, while the stimulations of serum PON1 activity were 75% (p < 0.001) and 90% (p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we conclude that quercetin and moderate ethanol significantly inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis by up regulating the hepatic expression of the antiatherogenic gene, PON1, with concomitant increased serum PON1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Leckey
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20422, USA
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