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Elbarbary NS, Ismail EAR, Mohamed SA. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation improves early-stage diabetic nephropathy and subclinical atherosclerosis in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2372-2380. [PMID: 37862823 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have evaluated the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammatory, autoimmune and renal diseases. However, data about the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are lacking. OBJECTIVES This randomized-controlled trial assessed the effect of oral omega-3 supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile, albuminuria level, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in pediatric patients with T1DM and diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Seventy T1DM patients and diabetic nephropathy were enrolled with a mean age 15.2 ± 1.96 years and median disease duration 7 years. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups; intervention group which received oral omega-3 fatty acids capsules (1 g daily). The other group received a matching placebo and served as a control group. Both groups were followed-up for 6 months with assessment of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, fasting lipids, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), KIM-1 and CIMT. RESULTS After 6 months, omega-3 fatty acids adjuvant therapy for the intervention group resulted in a significant decrease in FBG, HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, UACR, KIM-1 and CIMT, whereas, HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher post-therapy compared with baseline levels and compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Baseline KIM-1 levels were positively correlated to HbA1c, UACR and CIMT. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids was safe and well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 fatty acids as an adjuvant therapy in pediatric T1DM patients with diabetic nephropathy improved glycemic control, dyslipidemia and delayed disease progression and subclinical atherosclerosis among those patients. This trial was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT05980026.
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Yari Z. Review of Isoflavones and Their Potential Clinical Impacts on Cardiovascular and Bone Metabolism Markers in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:347-353. [PMID: 36721750 PMCID: PMC9843715 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.4.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most important cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease, including patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Oxidative stress, systemic and vascular inflammation, and lipid abnormalities are important causes of cardiovascular disease in these patients. Bone disorders are also a common complication in dialysis patients and can lead to bone fractures, decreased quality of life, vascular calcification, cardiovascular disease, and increased mortality. Studies in non-uremic populations have shown that soy isoflavones have beneficial effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid abnormalities, and markers of bone metabolism; however, very few studies in this field have been conducted with peritoneal dialysis patients. This paper reviews the key data regarding the effects of soy isoflavones on cardiovascular disease and bone markers and discusses the role of this nutraceutical in preventing and managing the complications of peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yari
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran,
Correspondence to Zahra Yari, E-mail:
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Li B, Tan T, Chu W, Zhang Y, Ye Y, Wang S, Qin Y, Tang J, Cao X. Co-delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by targeting lipid nanoemulsions for cancer therapy. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:75-88. [PMID: 34964421 PMCID: PMC8735879 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2018523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in female patients with high morbidity and mortality. Multi-drug chemotherapy has significant advantages in the treatment of malignant tumors, especially in reducing drug toxicity, increasing drug sensitivity and reducing drug resistance. The objective of this research is to fabricate lipid nanoemulsions (LNs) for the co-delivery of PTX and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with folic acid (FA) decorating (PTX/DHA-FA-LNs), and investigate the anti-tumor activity of the PTX/DHA-FA-LNs against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. PTX/DHA-FA-LNs showed a steady release of PTX and DHA from the drug delivery system (DDS) without any burst effect. Furthermore, the PTX/DHA-FA-LNs exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity and a higher rate of apoptosis as compared with the other groups in MCF-7 cells. The cellular uptake study revealed that this LNs were more readily uptaken by MCF-7 cells and M2 macrophages in vitro. Additionally, the targeted effect of PTX/DHA-FA-LNs was aided by FA receptor-mediated endocytosis, and its cytotoxicity was proportional to the cellular uptake efficiency. The anti-tumor efficiency results showed that PTX/DHA-FA-LNs significant inhibited tumor volume growth, prolonged survival time, and reduced toxicity when compared with the other groups. These results indicated that DHA increases the sensitivity of tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (ATM2) to PTX, and synergistic effects of folate modification in breast cancer treatment, thus PTX/DHA-FA-LNs may be a promising nanocarrier for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingfei Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanzi Ye
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jihui Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Long Chain N3-PUFA Decreases ACE2 Protein Levels and Prevents SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213825. [PMID: 36430303 PMCID: PMC9695276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a target of interest for both COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease management. Even though lower ACE2 levels may be beneficial in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, maintaining the ACE1/ACE2 balance is also crucial for cardiovascular health. So far, reports describing conditions capable of altering ACE2 protein levels, especially via dietary components, are limited. In this study, the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) on the protein levels of ACE1 and ACE2 in rodent tissues, human endothelial and kidney cell lines, and human plasma were examined. The ability of n3-PUFA to affect the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus into cells was also tested. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and in some cases eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not α-linoleic acid (ALA), reduced both ACE1 and ACE2 (non-glycosylated p100 and glycosylated p130 forms) in the heart, aorta, and kidneys of obese rats, as well as in human EA.hy926 endothelial and HEK293 kidney cells. Dietary supplementation with either DHA or ALA had no effect on plasma soluble ACE2 levels in humans. However, treatment of HEK293 cells with 80 and 125 µM DHA for 16 h inhibited the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. These results strongly suggest that DHA treatment may reduce the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect cells via a mechanism involving a decrease in the absolute level of ACE2 protein as well as its glycosylation. Our findings warrant further evaluation of long-chain n3-PUFA supplements as a novel option for restricting SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in the general population.
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Dou T, Wang J, Liu Y, Jia J, Zhou L, Liu G, Li X, Han M, Lin J, Huang F, Chen X. A Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Approach to Reveal the Effect of Mogroside V on OVA-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:800143. [PMID: 35371026 PMCID: PMC8972588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.800143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mogroside V is a bioactive ingredient extracted from the natural food Siraitia grosvenorii which possesses functions that stimulate lung humidification and cough relief activities, but its underlying mechanisms were rarely studied. To estimate its potential protective effect on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced pulmonary inflammation and understand its system-wide mechanism, integrated omics was applied in this study. Mogroside V effectively reduced the levels of IgE, TNF-α, and IL-5 in OVA-induced mice. The results of RNA-seq and data-independent acquisition proteomics approach revealed that 944 genes and 341 proteins were differentially expressed in the normal control group (NC) and ovalbumin-induced control group (OC) and 449 genes and 259 proteins were differentially expressed between the OC and the group treated with 50 mg/kg mogroside V (MV). After a combined analysis of the transcriptome and the proteome, 93 major pathways were screened, and we discovered that mogroside V exerts an anti-inflammation effect in the lung via NF-κB and JAK-STAT, both of which are among the signaling pathways mentioned above. In addition, we found that the key regulatory molecules (Igha, Ighg1, NF-κB, Jak1, and Stat1) in the two pathways were activated in inflammation and inhibited by mogroside V. Thus, mogroside V may be the main bioactivity component in S. grosvenorii that exerts lung humidification and cough relief effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yisa Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Jiangang Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Luwei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Mengjie Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Jiaxun Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Fengxiang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Chen,
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Sroczyńska K, Totoń-Żurańska J, Czepiel J, Zając-Grabiec A, Jurczyszyn A, Wołkow P, Librowski T, Gdula-Argasińska J. Therapeutic role of eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acid in benzo(a) pyrene-induced toxicity in HUVEC endothelial cells. Life Sci 2022; 293:120345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ren J, Ren A, Deng X, Huang Z, Jiang Z, Li Z, Gong Y. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites Regulate Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:865-880. [PMID: 35173457 PMCID: PMC8842733 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s347231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding eye disease, whose incidence strongly increases with ages. The etiology of AMD is complex, including aging, abnormal lipid metabolism, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are essential for ocular structures and functions. This review summarizes the regulatory effects of LCPUFA on inflammation in AMD. LCPUFA are related to aging, autophagy and chronic inflammation. They are metabolized to pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites by various enzymes. These metabolites stimulate inflammation in response to oxidative stress, causing innate and acquired immune responses. This review also discusses the possible clinical applications, which provided novel targets for the prevention and treatment of AMD and other age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anli Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xizhi Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yan Gong; Zhi Li, Tel +86 27 6781 1461; +86 27 6781 2622, Fax +86 27 6781 1471; +86 27 6781 3133, Email ;
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Chakravarty D, Ray AG, Chander V, Mabalirajan U, Mondal PC, Siddiqui KN, Sinha BP, Konar A, Bandyopadhyay A. Systemic deficiency of vitronectin is associated with aortic inflammation and plaque progression in ApoE‐Knockout mice. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 4:121-137. [PMID: 35141476 PMCID: PMC8814562 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal cell spreading and interplay of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), inflammatory cells, and cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are critical for progressive atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications. The role of vitronectin (VTN), a major cell attachment glycoprotein, in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains elusive. In this study, we attempt to examine the pathological role of VTN in arterial plaque progression and inflammation. We found that, relative expression analysis of VTN from the liver of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Knockout mice revealed that atherosclerotic progression induced by feeding mice with high cholesterol diet (HCD) causes a significant downregulation of VTN mRNA as well as protein after 60 days. Promoter assay confirmed that cholesterol modulates the expression of VTN by influencing its promoter. Mimicking VTN reduction with siRNA in HCD fed ApoE Knockout mice, accelerated athero‐inflammation with an increase in NF‐kB, ICAM‐1, and VCAM‐1 at the site of the plaque along with upregulation of inflammatory proteins like MCP‐1 and IL‐1β in the plasma. Also, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)‐9 and MMP‐12 expression were increased and collagen content was decreased in the plaque, in VTN deficient condition. This might pose a challenge to plaque integrity. Human subjects with acute coronary syndrome or having risk factors of atherosclerosis have lower levels of VTN compared to healthy controls suggesting a clinical significance of plasma VTN in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease. We establish that, VTN plays a pivotal role in cholesterol‐driven atherosclerosis and aortic inflammation and might be a useful indicator for atherosclerotic plaque burden and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devasmita Chakravarty
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
| | - Aleepta Guha Ray
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
| | - Vivek Chander
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
| | | | | | - Bishnu Prasad Sinha
- Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
| | - Aditya Konar
- Department of Laboratory Animal Facility CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
| | - Arun Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
- Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
- Department of Laboratory Animal Facility CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
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9
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Wang RX, Zhou M, Ma HL, Qiao YB, Li QS. The Role of Chronic Inflammation in Various Diseases and Anti-inflammatory Therapies Containing Natural Products. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1576-1592. [PMID: 33528076 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation represents a long-term reaction of the body's immune system to noxious stimuli. Such a sustained inflammatory response sometimes results in lasting damage to healthy tissues and organs. In fact, chronic inflammation is implicated in the development and progression of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancers. Targeting nonresolving inflammation thus provides new opportunities for treating relevant diseases. In this review, we will go over several chronic inflammation-associated diseases first with emphasis on the role of inflammation in their pathogenesis. Then, we will summarize a number of natural products that exhibit therapeutic effects against those diseases by acting on different markers in the inflammatory response. We envision that natural products will remain a rich resource for the discovery of new drugs treating diseases associated with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xiao Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Lai Ma
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Biao Qiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China
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Golanski J, Szymanska P, Rozalski M. Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites on Haemostasis-Current Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052394. [PMID: 33673634 PMCID: PMC7957531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) in cardioprotection are widely known and generally accepted. In this literature review, we have focused on the known and postulated mechanisms of action of omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites on various components of the haemostatic system, in particular on blood platelets and endothelium. We have also made an attempt to provide a comprehensive review of epidemiological studies with particular regard to clinical trials. Notably, the results of these studies are contradictory, and some of them failed to report the beneficial effects of taking or supplementing omega-3 PUFAs in the diet. A potential explanation, in our opinion, could be the need to use higher doses of omega-3 PUFAs and a proper ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs. An additional problem which is difficult to solve is the use of a proper neutral placebo for interventional studies. Despite some controversies regarding the beneficial effects of supplementation of omega-3 PUFAs in cardiovascular disease, our review suggests that a promising aspect of future studies and applications is to focus on the anti-thrombotic properties of these compounds. An argument supporting this assumption is the recent use of omega-3 PUFAs as a supporting tool for the treatment of COVID-19 complications.
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Yamagata K. Prevention of Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease by n-3 Fatty Acids-Inhibiting Action on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3652-3666. [PMID: 32242776 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200403121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials have shown the protective effect of n-3 fatty acids against cardiovascular disease (CVD). The effect of n-3 fatty acids on vascular endothelial cells indicates their possible role in CVD prevention. OBJECTIVE Here, we describe the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on endothelial dysfunction-caused by inflammation and oxidative stress-and their role in the development of CVD. METHODS We reviewed epidemiological studies done on n-3 fatty acids in CVD. The effect of DHA and EPA on vascular endothelial cells was examined with regard to changes in various markers, such as arteriosclerosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, using cell and animal models. RESULTS Epidemiological studies revealed that dietary intake of EPA and DHA was associated with a reduced risk of various CVDs. EPA and DHA inhibited various events involved in arteriosclerosis development by preventing oxidative stress and inflammation associated with endothelial cell damage. In particular, EPA and DHA prevented endothelial cell dysfunction mediated by inflammatory responses and oxidative stress induced by events related to CVD. DHA and EPA also increased eNOS activity and induced nitric oxide production. CONCLUSION The effects of DHA and EPA on vascular endothelial cell damage and dysfunction may involve the induction of nitric oxide, in addition to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. n-3 fatty acids inhibit endothelial dysfunction and prevent arteriosclerosis. Therefore, the intake of n-3 fatty acids may prevent CVDs, like myocardial infarction and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University (UNBS), Kanagawa, Japan
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12
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Liu ZH, Chen NY, Tu PH, Wu CT, Chiu SC, Huang YC, Lim SN, Yip PK. DHA Attenuates Cerebral Edema Following Traumatic Brain Injury via the Reduction in Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176291. [PMID: 32878052 PMCID: PMC7503959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) could result in edema and cause an increase in intracranial pressure of the brain resulting in mortality and morbidity. Although there is hyperosmolarity therapy available for this pathophysiological event, it remains controversial. Recently, several groups have shown docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to improve functional and histological outcomes following brain injury based on reduction of neuroinflammation and apoptosis. However, the effect of DHA on blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction after brain injury has not been fully studied. Here, a controlled cortical impact rat model was used to test the effect of a single dose of DHA administered 30 min post injury. Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and forelimb asymmetry were used to determine the functional outcomes. Neuroimaging and histology were used to characterize the edema and BBB dysfunction. The study showed that DHA-treated TBI rats had better mNSS and forelimb asymmetry score than vehicle-treated TBI rats. Temporal analysis of edema using MRI revealed a significant reduction in edema level with DHA treatment compared to vehicle in TBI rats. Histological analysis using immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation showed that there was less extravasation, which corresponded with a reduction in aquaporin 4 and astrocytic metalloprotease 9 expression, and greater endothelial occludin expression in the peri-contusional site of the TBI rat brain treated with DHA in comparison to vehicle treatment. In conclusion, the study shows that DHA can exert its functional improvement by prevention of the edema formation via prevention of BBB dysfunction after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan; (P.-h.T.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Correspondence: (Z.-H.L.); (P.K.Y.)
| | - Nan-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan;
| | - Po-hsun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan; (P.-h.T.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Chieh Chiu
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan; (P.-h.T.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Siew-Na Lim
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ping K. Yip
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma, London E1 2AT, UK
- Correspondence: (Z.-H.L.); (P.K.Y.)
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13
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Potential Cardiovascular and Metabolic Beneficial Effects of ω-3 PUFA in Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092519. [PMID: 32825328 PMCID: PMC7551945 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are fundamental biocomponents of lipids and cell membranes. They are involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and they are able to exert anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective actions. Thanks to their potential beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, metabolic axis and body composition, we have examined their action in subjects affected by male obesity secondary hypogonadism (MOSH) syndrome. MOSH syndrome is characterized by the presence of obesity associated with the alteration of sexual and metabolic functions. Therefore, this review article aims to analyze scientific literature regarding the possible benefits of ω-3 PUFA administration in subjects affected by MOSH syndrome. We conclude that there are strong evidences supporting ω-3 PUFA administration and/or supplementation for the treatment and management of MOSH patients.
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14
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O'Mahoney LL, Dunseath G, Churm R, Holmes M, Boesch C, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Ajjan RA, Birch KM, Orsi NM, Mappa G, Price OJ, Campbell MD. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation versus placebo on vascular health, glycaemic control, and metabolic parameters in people with type 1 diabetes: a randomised controlled preliminary trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:127. [PMID: 32787879 PMCID: PMC7425064 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA), and the potential impact of n-3PUFA supplementation, in the treatment and management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear and controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of daily high-dose-bolus n-3PUFA supplementation on vascular health, glycaemic control, and metabolic parameters in subjects with T1D. Methods Twenty-seven adults with T1D were recruited to a 6-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects received either 3.3 g/day of encapsulated n-3PUFA or encapsulated 3.0 g/day corn oil placebo (PLA) for 6-months, with follow-up at 9-months after 3-month washout. Erythrocyte fatty acid composition was determined via gas chromatography. Endpoints included inflammation-associated endothelial biomarkers (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1], intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], E-selectin, P-selectin, pentraxin-3, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), and their mediator tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα] analysed via immunoassay, vascular structure (carotid intima-media thickness [CIMT]) and function (brachial artery flow mediated dilation [FMD]) determined via ultrasound technique, blood pressure, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and postprandial metabolism. Results Twenty subjects completed the trial in full. In the n-3PUFA group, the mean ± SD baseline n-3PUFA index of 4.93 ± 0.94% increased to 7.67 ± 1.86% (P < 0.001) after 3-months, and 8.29 ± 1.45% (P < 0.001) after 6-months. Total exposure to n-3PUFA over the 6-months (area under the curve) was 14.27 ± 3.05% per month under n-3PUFA, and 9.11 ± 2.74% per month under PLA (P < 0.001). VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, P-selectin, pentraxin-3, VEGF, TNFα, CIMT, FMD, blood pressure, HbA1c, FPG, and postprandial metabolism did not differ between or within groups after treatment (P > 0.05). Conclusions This study indicates that daily high-dose-bolus of n-3PUFA supplementation for 6-months does not improve vascular health, glucose homeostasis, or metabolic parameters in subjects with T1D. The findings from this preliminary RCT do not support the use of therapeutic n-3PUFA supplementation in the treatment and management of T1D and its associated complications. Trial Registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN40811115. Registered 27 June 2017, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN40811115.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gareth Dunseath
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Rachel Churm
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Mel Holmes
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen M Birch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nicolas M Orsi
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Georgia Mappa
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Oliver J Price
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew D Campbell
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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15
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Comparative anti-inflammatory effects of plant- and marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids explored in an endothelial cell line. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Stupin M, Kibel A, Stupin A, Selthofer-Relatić K, Matić A, Mihalj M, Mihaljević Z, Jukić I, Drenjančević I. The Physiological Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Intake and Exercise on Hemorheology, Microvascular Function, and Physical Performance in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases; Is There an Interaction of Exercise and Dietary n-3 PUFA Intake? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1129. [PMID: 31543828 PMCID: PMC6728652 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has a beneficial effect on systemic hemodynamics, physical strength, and cardiac function in cardiovascular (CV) patients. Potential beneficial effects of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid on hemorheology, vascular function, inflammation and potential to improve physical performance as well as other CV parameters are currently investigated. Recent meta-analysis suggests no effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on CV function and outcomes of CV diseases. On the other hand, some studies support beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs dietary intake on CV and muscular system, as well as on immune responses in healthy and in CV patients. Furthermore, the interaction of exercise and dietary n-3 PUFA intake is understudied. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs has been shown to have antithrombotic effects (by decreasing blood viscosity, decreasing coagulation factor and PAI-1 levels and platelet aggregation/reactivity, enhancing fibrinolysis, but without effects on erythrocyte deformability). They decrease inflammation by decreasing IL-6, MCP-1, TNFα and hsCRP levels, expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and significantly affect blood composition of fatty acids. Treatment with n-3 PUFAs enhances brachial artery blood flow and conductance during exercise and enhances microvascular post-occlusive hyperemic response in healthy humans, however, the effects are unknown in cardiovascular patients. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs may improve anaerobic endurance and may modulate oxygen consumption during intense exercise, may increase metabolic capacity, enhance endurance capacity delaying the onset of fatigue, and improving muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function in humans and animal models. In addition, n-3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects and may attenuate delayed-onset muscle soreness and muscle stiffness, and preserve joint mobility. On the other hand, effects of n-3 PUFAs were variably observed in men and women and they vary depending on dietary protocol, type of supplementation and type of sports activity undertaken, both in healthy and cardiovascular patients. In this review we will discuss the physiological effects of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise on hemorheology, microvascular function, immunomodulation and inflammation and physical performance in healthy persons and in cardiovascular diseases; elucidating if there is an interaction of exercise and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Stupin
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Kibel
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatić
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Dermatology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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17
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Enguita M, Razquin N, Pamplona R, Quiroga J, Prieto J, Fortes P. The cirrhotic liver is depleted of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key modulator of NF-κB and TGFβ pathways in hepatic stellate cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:14. [PMID: 30622239 PMCID: PMC6325107 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis results from chronic hepatic damage and is characterized by derangement of the organ architecture with increased liver fibrogenesis and defective hepatocellular function. It frequently evolves into progressive hepatic insufficiency associated with high mortality unless liver transplantation is performed. We have hypothesized that the deficiency of critical nutrients such as essential omega-3 fatty acids might play a role in the progression of liver cirrhosis. Here we evaluated by LC-MS/MS the liver content of omega-3 docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) in cirrhotic patients and investigated the effect of DHA in a murine model of liver injury and in the response of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) (the main producers of collagen in the liver) to pro-fibrogenic stimuli. We found that cirrhotic livers exhibit a marked depletion of DHA and that this alteration correlates with the progression of the disease. Administration of DHA exerts potent anti-fibrogenic effects in an acute model of liver damage. Studies with HSCs show that DHA inhibits fibrogenesis more intensely than other omega-3 fatty acids. Data from expression arrays revealed that DHA blocks TGFβ and NF-κB pathways. Mechanistically, DHA decreases late, but not early, SMAD3 nuclear accumulation and inhibits p65/RelA-S536 phosphorylation, which is required for HSC survival. Notably, DHA increases ADRP expression, leading to the formation of typical quiescence-associated perinuclear lipid droplets. In conclusion, a marked depletion of DHA is present in the liver of patients with advanced cirrhosis. DHA displays anti-fibrogenic activities on HSCs targeting NF-κB and TGFβ pathways and inducing ADPR expression and quiescence in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Enguita
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra (UNAV), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Razquin
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra (UNAV), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida (IRB), Lleida, Spain
| | - Jorge Quiroga
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Puri Fortes
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra (UNAV), Pamplona, Spain. .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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18
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Koszalka P, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. The effects of pro- and anti-atherosclerotic factors on intracellular nucleotide concentration in murine endothelial cells. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 37:645-652. [PMID: 30587074 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1498513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell activation and dysfunction could lead to endothelial injury that is an important factor in the development of vascular diseases. Vascular injury is strongly associated with disturbed endothelial cell energetics and pyridine nucleotide pool. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inflammatory stimuli (IL-6, LPS), uric acid, hyperglycemia, fatty acids, flavonoids, statins and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on cellular concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in cultured endothelial cells. Murine-immortalized heart endothelial cells (H5V cells) were treated with different concentrations of pro- and anti-atherosclerotic factors and intracellular concentration of nucleotides were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Intracellular ATP concentration in H5V cells was not changed by inflammatory stimuli (IL-6 and LPS), uric acid, glucose, atorvastatin, acetylsalicylic acid, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Only high concentration of palmitic acid (1 mM) and kaempferol (>0.1 mM) decreased intracellular ATP concentration. The concentration of intracellular ADP has not been altered by any of tested compounds. In turn, intracellular NAD+ pool was modified only by polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin. Linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and atorvastatin increased cellular NAD+ concentration. Tested compounds have a small influence on murine endothelial cell energetics, but polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin increased intracellular NAD+ concentration that could be an important protective mechanism against endothelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrycja Koszalka
- b Department of Cell Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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19
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Omega-3 fatty acids and leukocyte-endothelium adhesion: Novel anti-atherosclerotic actions. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:169-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Ramji DP. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Atherosclerosis: Insights from Pre-Clinical Studies. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak P. Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University; Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue Cardiff CF10 3AX United Kingdom
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21
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Stupin A, Rasic L, Matic A, Stupin M, Kralik Z, Kralik G, Grcevic M, Drenjancevic I. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-enriched hen eggs consumption enhances microvascular reactivity in young healthy individuals. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:988-995. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation on the cardiovascular (CV) system is well supported in CV patients; however, the effect of the consumption of omega-3 PUFA-enriched functional food in healthy individuals is still not fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine the effect of the consumption of omega-3 PUFA-enriched hen eggs on the microvascular reactivity (primary outcome), blood pressure (BP), and serum lipid profile in young healthy individuals. The control group (N = 16) ate 3 ordinary hen eggs (277 mg of omega-3 PUFAs/day), and the OMEGA-3 group (N = 20) ate 3 omega-3 PUFA-enriched eggs containing 259 mg of omega-3 PUFAs/egg daily (α-linolenic acid (ALA), 167 mg/egg; eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 7 mg/egg; docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 84 mg/egg) for 3 weeks (777 mg of omega-3 PUFA/day). Postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) in skin microcirculation assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry, serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and arterial BP were measured in all subjects before and after the protocol. PORH was significantly enhanced, and triglycerides, hsCRP, and BP were significantly decreased in the OMEGA-3 group compared with baseline measurements, whereas there was no significant difference in the control group after the protocol when compared with baseline. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that consumption of a mixture of omega-3 PUFA (ALA + EPA + DHA), provided via enriched hen eggs, elicits changes in the microvascular reactivity, BP, and triglyceride level in healthy subjects that are associated with CV benefits, thus suggesting that daily consumption of omega-3 PUFA-enriched eggs in healthy individuals may potentially contribute to CV risk factor attenuation and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Lidija Rasic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Anita Matic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Marko Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Zlata Kralik
- Department for Special Zootechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Gordana Kralik
- Department for Special Zootechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Manuela Grcevic
- Department for Special Zootechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjancevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
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22
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Novinbahador T, Nourazarian A, Asgharzadeh M, Rahbarghazi R, Avci ÇB, Bagca BG, Ozates NP, Karbasforoush S, Khaki‐Khatibi F. Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates the detrimental effect of palmitic acid on human endothelial cells by modulating genes from the atherosclerosis signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9752-9763. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Novinbahador
- Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Asgharzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Çıgır Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Ege University Izmir Turkey
| | - Bakiye Goker Bagca
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Ege University Izmir Turkey
| | | | - Saeede Karbasforoush
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khaki‐Khatibi
- Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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23
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Yamagata K. Docosahexaenoic acid regulates vascular endothelial cell function and prevents cardiovascular disease. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:118. [PMID: 28619112 PMCID: PMC5472966 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is present in high concentrations in salmon, herring, and trout. Epidemiologic studies have shown that high dietary consumption of these and other oily fish is associated with reduced rates of myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and other ischemic pathologies. Atherosclerosis is induced by inflammation and can lead to acute cardiovascular events and extensive plaque. DHA inhibits the development of inflammation in endothelial cells, alters the function and regulation of vascular biomarkers, and reduces cardiovascular risk. It also affects vascular relaxation and constriction by controlling nitric oxide and endothelin 1 production in endothelial cells. DHA also contributes to the prevention of arteriosclerosis by regulating the expression of oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, thromboxane A2 receptor, and adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in endothelial cells. Recent research showed that DHA reduces the increase in adhesion factor expression induced by lipopolysaccharide by suppressing toll-like receptor 4. A new mechanism of action of DHA has been described that is mediated through endothelial free fatty acid receptor 4, associated with heme oxygenase 1 induction by Nrf2. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of action of DHA in cardiovascular disease prevention are not yet completely understood. The aim of this paper was to review the effects of DHA on vascular endothelial cells and recent findings on their potential for the prevention of circulatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresourse, Science, Nihon University (NUBS), 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan.
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24
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Yang PF, Song XY, Zeng T, Ai QD, Liu DD, Zuo W, Zhang S, Xia CY, He X, Chen NH. IMM-H004, a coumarin derivative, attenuated brain ischemia/reperfusion injuries and subsequent inflammation in spontaneously hypertensive rats through inhibition of VCAM-1. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02154b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of IMM-H004 in treating brain I/R injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats and showed that IMM-H004 could efficiently ameliorate neurological defects and infarct volume in a time and dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Yang
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
| | - Xiu-Yun Song
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
| | - Ting Zeng
- College of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha
- China
| | - Qi-Di Ai
- College of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha
- China
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
| | - Xin He
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
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25
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Yum HW, Na HK, Surh YJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of docosahexaenoic acid: Implications for its cancer chemopreventive potential. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:141-159. [PMID: 27546289 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The implication of inflammatory tissue damage in pathophysiology of human cancer as well as some metabolic disorders has been under intense investigation. Numerous studies have identified a series of critical signaling molecules involved in cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli. These include nuclear factor κB, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. The proper regulation of these transcription factors mediating pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling hence provides an important strategy for the chemoprevention of inflammation-associated cancer. There is compelling evidence supporting that dietary supplementation with fish oil-derived ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ameliorates symptomatic inflammation associated with cancer as well as other divergent human disorders. Acute or physiologic inflammation is an essential body's first line of defence to microbial infection and tissue injuries, but it must be properly completed by a process termed 'resolution'. Failure of resolution mechanisms can result in persistence of inflammation, leading to chronic inflammatory conditions and related malignancies. The phagocytic engulfment of apoptotic neutrophils and clearance of their potentially histotoxic contents by macrophages, called efferocytosis is an essential component in resolving inflammation. Of note, DHA is a precursor of endogenous proresolving lipid mediators which regulate the leukocyte trafficking and recruitment and thereby facilitate efferocytosis. Therefore, DHA and its metabolites may have a preventive potential in the management of human cancer which arises as a consequence of impaired resolution of inflammation as well as chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Yum
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
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26
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Viola JR, Lemnitzer P, Jansen Y, Csaba G, Winter C, Neideck C, Silvestre-Roig C, Dittmar G, Döring Y, Drechsler M, Weber C, Zimmer R, Cenac N, Soehnlein O. Resolving Lipid Mediators Maresin 1 and Resolvin D2 Prevent Atheroprogression in Mice. Circ Res 2016; 119:1030-1038. [PMID: 27531933 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atheroprogression is a consequence of nonresolved inflammation, and currently a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms preventing resolution is missing. However, in acute inflammation, resolution is known to be orchestrated by a switch from inflammatory to resolving lipid mediators. Therefore, we hypothesized that lesional lipid mediator imbalance favors atheroprogression. OBJECTIVE To understand the lipid mediator balance during atheroprogression and to establish an interventional strategy based on the delivery of resolving lipid mediators. METHODS AND RESULTS Aortic lipid mediator profiling of aortas from Apoe-/- mice fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks, 8 weeks, or 4 months revealed an expansion of inflammatory lipid mediators, Leukotriene B4 and Prostaglandin E2, and a concomitant decrease of resolving lipid mediators, Resolvin D2 (RvD2) and Maresin 1 (MaR1), during advanced atherosclerosis. Functionally, aortic Leukotriene B4 and Prostaglandin E2 levels correlated with traits of plaque instability, whereas RvD2 and MaR1 levels correlated with the signs of plaque stability. In a therapeutic context, repetitive RvD2 and MaR1 delivery prevented atheroprogression as characterized by halted expansion of the necrotic core and accumulation of macrophages along with increased fibrous cap thickness and smooth muscle cell numbers. Mechanistically, RvD2 and MaR1 induced a shift in macrophage profile toward a reparative phenotype, which secondarily stimulated collagen synthesis in smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS We present evidence for the imbalance between inflammatory and resolving lipid mediators during atheroprogression. Delivery of RvD2 and MaR1 successfully prevented atheroprogression, suggesting that resolving lipid mediators potentially represent an innovative strategy to resolve arterial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Viola
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.)
| | - Patricia Lemnitzer
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.)
| | - Yvonne Jansen
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.)
| | - Gergely Csaba
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.)
| | - Carla Winter
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.)
| | - Carlos Neideck
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.)
| | - Carlos Silvestre-Roig
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.)
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.)
| | - Yvonne Döring
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.)
| | - Maik Drechsler
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.)
| | - Ralf Zimmer
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.)
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.)
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (J.R.V., P.L., Y.J., C.W., C.N., C.S.-R., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (J.R.V., C.S.-R., M.D., O.S.); Department of Informatics, Institute of Bioinformatics, LMU Munich, Germany (G.C., R.Z.); DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W., Y.D., M.D., C.W., O.S.); Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (G.D.); and Inserm U1043, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France (N.C.).
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27
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Chen CH, Fabian C, Hursting S, deGraffenried LA. Breast Cancer Genetic and Molecular Subtype Impacts Response to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1021-33. [PMID: 27367296 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1192199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have correlated frequent omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid consumption with a lower risk for breast cancer; however, recent prospective studies have been less conclusive. Efforts in the preventive setting have focused on the use of n-3 fatty acids, and the pharmaceutical ethyl esters (EE) of these natural compounds, for high-risk patient populations. Limited understanding of specific mechanisms by which these agents function has hampered identification of the cancer subtype(s) that would gain the greatest therapeutic benefit. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of n-3 EEs in four distinct breast cancer subtypes and explored how they affect not only breast cancer cell survival but also modulate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling pathways. Similar to the high variance in response observed in human studies, we found that the effectiveness of n-3 EEs depends on the molecular characteristics of the MCF-7, CAMA-1, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3 breast cancer cell lines and is closely associated with the suppression of NF-κB. These data strongly suggest that the use of n-3 fatty acids and their pharmaceutical ether esters in the prevention and therapeutic setting should be guided by specific tumor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Hui Chen
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences , The University of Texas at Austin , Texas , USA
| | - Carol Fabian
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , Kansas , USA
| | - Stephen Hursting
- c Department of Nutrition , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Linda A deGraffenried
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences , The University of Texas at Austin , Texas , USA
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28
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Chiesa G, Busnelli M, Manzini S, Parolini C. Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Components from Fish for Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14060113. [PMID: 27338419 PMCID: PMC4926072 DOI: 10.3390/md14060113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the most common health problem in developed countries, and residual risk after implementing all current therapies is still high. Permanent changes in lifestyle may be hard to achieve and people may not always be motivated enough to make the recommended modifications. Emerging research has explored the application of natural food-based strategies in disease management. In recent years, much focus has been placed on the beneficial effects of fish consumption. Many of the positive effects of fish consumption on dyslipidemia and heart diseases have been attributed to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs, i.e., EPA and DHA); however, fish is also an excellent source of protein and, recently, fish protein hydrolysates containing bioactive peptides have shown promising activities for the prevention/management of cardiovascular disease and associated health complications. The present review will focus on n-3 PUFAs and bioactive peptides effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Moreover, since considerable controversy exists regarding the association between n-3 PUFAs and major cardiovascular endpoints, we have also reviewed the main clinical trials supporting or not this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, Milano 20133, Italy.
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29
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Liu L, Hu Q, Wu H, Xue Y, Cai L, Fang M, Liu Z, Yao P, Wu Y, Gong Z. Protective role of n6/n3 PUFA supplementation with varying DHA/EPA ratios against atherosclerosis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 32:171-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Latham Birt SH, Purcell R, Botham KM, Wheeler-Jones CPD. Endothelial HO-1 induction by model TG-rich lipoproteins is regulated through a NOX4-Nrf2 pathway. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1204-18. [PMID: 27185859 PMCID: PMC4918850 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m067108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of chylomicron remnants (CMRs) increase postprandially and their composition directly reflects dietary lipid intake. These TG-rich lipoproteins likely contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction, albeit via unknown mechanisms. Here, we investigated how the FA composition of CMRs influences their actions on human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) by comparing the effects of model CMRs-artificial TG-rich CMR-like particles (A-CRLPs)-containing TGs extracted from fish, DHA-rich algal, corn, or palm oils. HAECs responded with distinct transcriptional programs according to A-CRLP TG content and oxidation status, with genes involved in antioxidant defense and cytoprotection most prominently affected by n-3 PUFA-containing A-CRLPs. These particles were significantly more efficacious inducers of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) than n-6 PUFA corn or saturated FA-rich palm CRLPs. Mechanistically, HO-1 induction by all CRLPs requires NADPH oxidase 4, with PUFA-containing particles additionally dependent upon mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Activation of both p38 MAPK and PPARβ/δ culminates in increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression/nuclear translocation and HO-1 induction. These studies define new molecular pathways coupling endothelial cell activation by model CMRs with adaptive regulation of Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression and may represent key mechanisms through which dietary FAs differentially impact progression of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally H Latham Birt
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Purcell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen M Botham
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
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31
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Mirfatahi M, Tabibi H, Nasrollahi A, Hedayati M, Taghizadeh M. Effect of flaxseed oil on serum systemic and vascular inflammation markers and oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:1335-1341. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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Yamagata K, Suzuki S, Tagami M. Docosahexaenoic acid prevented tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced endothelial dysfunction and senescence. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 104:11-8. [PMID: 26802937 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) regulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced senescence and dysfunction in endothelial cells (EC). We used RT-PCR to examine the expression of several genes related to senescence and dysfunction in EC. TNF-α-induced p21 protein levels were investigated by Western blot (WB) and fluorescence antibody techniques. TNF-α induced the senescence marker β-galactosidase and the expression of several senescence and endothelial dysfunction-related genes, e.g., CDKN1A, SHC1 and GLB1. DHA attenuated TNF-α-induced senescence-related gene expression and p21 protein expression. DHA attenuated TNF-α-induced gene expression related to dysfunction of EC, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1), lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (OLR1), thromboxane A2 receptor (TXA2R) and p38 MAPK (MAPK14). DHA reversed the TNF-α-mediated reduction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene expression. TNF-α-mediated upregulation of these genes was inhibited by allopurinol and apocynin. These results indicated that DHA regulated the expression of several genes that are associated with senescence and dysfunction of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), Fujisawa, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Suzuki
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Tagami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanraku Hospital, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is comprised of a cluster of closely related risk factors, including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, hypertension, high triglyceride, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; all of which increase the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A chronic state of inflammation appears to be a central mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and MetS. In this review, we summarize recent research which has provided insight into the mechanisms by which inflammation underlies the pathophysiology of the individual components of MetS including visceral adiposity, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. On the basis of these mechanisms, we summarize therapeutic modalities to target inflammation in the MetS and its individual components. Current therapeutic modalities can modulate the individual components of MetS and have a direct anti-inflammatory effect. Lifestyle modifications including exercise, weight loss, and diets high in fruits, vegetables, fiber, whole grains, and low-fat dairy and low in saturated fat and glucose are recommended as a first line therapy. The Mediterranean and dietary approaches to stop hypertension diets are especially beneficial and have been shown to prevent development of MetS. Moreover, the Mediterranean diet has been associated with reductions in total and cardiovascular mortality. Omega-3 fatty acids and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonists lower high levels of triglyceride; their role in targeting inflammation is reviewed. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone blockers comprise pharmacologic therapies for hypertension but also target other aspects of MetS including inflammation. Statin drugs target many of the underlying inflammatory pathways involved in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine K Welty
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Abdulhamied Alfaddagh
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tarec K Elajami
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
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34
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Su G, Sun G, Liu H, Shu L, Zhang J, Guo L, Huang C, Xu J. Niacin Suppresses Progression of Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Vascular Inflammation and Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:4081-9. [PMID: 26712802 PMCID: PMC4699630 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Niacin is a broad-spectrum lipid-regulating drug used for the clinical therapy of atherosclerosis; however, the mechanisms by which niacin ameliorates atherosclerosis are not clear. Material/Methods The effect of niacin on atherosclerosis was assessed by detection of atherosclerotic lesion area. Adhesion molecules in arterial endothelial cells were determined by using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The levels of serum inflammatory cytokines in ApoE−/− mice were detected by using ELISA. We detected the expression levels of phosphorylated nuclear factors-κB (NF-κB) p65 in aortic endothelial cells of mice using Western blot analysis. Furthermore, we investigated the anti-inflammation effect and endothelium-protecting function of niacin and their regulatory mechanisms in vitro. Results Niacin inhibited the progress of atherosclerosis and decreased the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in ApoE−/− mice. Niacin suppressed the activity of NF-κB and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Furthermore, niacin induced phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and FAK inhibitor PF-573228 reduced the level of Bcl-2 and elevated the level of cleaved caspase-3 in VSMCs. Conclusions Niacin inhibits vascular inflammation and apoptosis of VSMCs via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling and the FAK signaling pathway, respectively, thus protecting ApoE−/− mice against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Guangli Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Liliang Shu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Jingchao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Longhui Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
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The anti-atherogenic effects of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid are dependent on the stage of THP-1 macrophage differentiation. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Zanetti M, Grillo A, Losurdo P, Panizon E, Mearelli F, Cattin L, Barazzoni R, Carretta R. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Structural and Functional Effects on the Vascular Wall. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:791978. [PMID: 26301252 PMCID: PMC4537737 DOI: 10.1155/2015/791978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Increasing evidence demonstrating a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA on arterial wall properties is progressively emerging. We reviewed the recent available evidence for the cardiovascular effects of n-3 PUFA focusing on structural and functional properties of the vascular wall. In experimental studies and clinical trials n-3 PUFA have shown the ability to improve arterial hemodynamics by reducing arterial stiffness, thus explaining some of its cardioprotective properties. Recent studies suggest beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA on endothelial activation, which are likely to improve vascular function. Several molecular, cellular, and physiological pathways influenced by n-3 PUFA can affect arterial wall properties and therefore interfere with the atherosclerotic process. Although the relative weight of different physiological and molecular mechanisms and the dose-response on arterial wall properties have yet to be determined, n-3 PUFA have the potential to beneficially impact arterial wall remodeling and cardiovascular outcomes by targeting arterial wall stiffening and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Zanetti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Grillo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pasquale Losurdo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emiliano Panizon
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Mearelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Renzo Carretta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Massaro M, Martinelli R, Gatta V, Scoditti E, Pellegrino M, Carluccio MA, Calabriso N, Buonomo T, Stuppia L, Storelli C, De Caterina R. Transcriptome-based identification of new anti-inflammatory and vasodilating properties of the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in vascular endothelial cell under proinflammatory conditions [corrected]. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129652. [PMID: 26114549 PMCID: PMC4482638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Scope High intakes of n-3 fatty acids exert anti-inflammatory effects and cardiovascular protection, but the underlying molecular basis is incompletely defined. By genome-wide analysis we searched for novel effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on gene expression and pathways in human vascular endothelium under pro-inflammatory conditions. Methods and Results Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with DHA and then stimulated with interleukin(IL)-1β. Total RNA was extracted, and gene expression examined by DNA microarray. DHA alone altered the expression of 188 genes, decreasing 92 and increasing 96. IL-1β changed the expression of 2031 genes, decreasing 997 and increasing 1034. Treatment with DHA before stimulation significantly affected the expression of 116 IL-1β-deregulated genes, counter-regulating the expression of 55 genes among those decreased and of 61 among those increased. Functional and network analyses identified immunological, inflammatory and metabolic pathways as the most affected. Newly identified DHA-regulated genes are involved in stemness, cellular growth, cardiovascular system function and cancer, and included cytochrome p450 4F2(CYP4F2), transforming growth factor(TGF)-β2, Cluster of Differentiation (CD)47, caspase recruitment domain(CARD)11 and phosphodiesterase(PDE)5α. Conclusions Endothelial exposure to DHA regulates novel genes and related pathways. Such unbiased identification should increase our understanding of mechanisms by which n-3 fatty acids affect human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery of Salerno University, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University and Center of Excellence on Aging, Chieti, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mariangela Pellegrino
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Disteba), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Calabriso
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Liborio Stuppia
- “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University and Center of Excellence on Aging, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Storelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Disteba), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University and Center of Excellence on Aging, Chieti, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana “Gabriele Monasterio”, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Sottero B, Gargiulo S, Russo I, Barale C, Poli G, Cavalot F. Postprandial Dysmetabolism and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:968-1031. [PMID: 25943420 DOI: 10.1002/med.21349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial dysmetabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to impact the progression and evolution of this complex disease process. However, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms still require full elucidation to provide guidance for disease prevention and treatment. This review focuses on the marked redox changes and inflammatory stimuli provoked by the spike in blood glucose and lipids in T2D individuals after meals. All the causes of exacerbated postprandial oxidative stress in T2D were analyzed, also considering the consequence of enhanced inflammation on vascular damage. Based on this in-depth analysis, current strategies of prevention and pharmacologic management of T2D were critically reexamined with particular emphasis on their potential redox-related rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sottero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Simona Gargiulo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Isabella Russo
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Cristina Barale
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Franco Cavalot
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
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Huang CY, Sheu WHH, Chiang AN. Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid suppress adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells via differential mechanisms. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:751-62. [PMID: 25631736 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary PUFAs modulate the progression of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms within vascular cells remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanisms of PUFAs in LPS-activated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). METHODS AND RESULTS To simulate the in vivo conditions of atherosclerosis, we have established an in vitro model in which THP-1 monocytes adhere to HAECs. Our results showed that n-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) remarkably attenuated the adhesion of THP-1 cells to HAECs, probably through inhibiting the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Using lipid raft isolation and confocal microscopy, we found that DHA and EPA suppressed the translocation of TLR4 into lipid rafts. Furthermore, DHA and EPA inhibited the ubiquitination and translocation of TRAF6, and the phosphorylation of TAK1, p38, and IκBα. We demonstrated that DHA reduced the phosphorylation of PKR, but EPA increased the expression of A20. Additionally, silencing of A20 reversed the inhibitory effect of EPA on the expression of adhesion molecules. CONCLUSION Our study revealed differential signaling pathways modulated by n-3 PUFAs in LPS-stimulated HAECs. These signaling pathways are potential targets for the prevention of atherosclerotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Harvey KA, Xu Z, Pavlina TM, Zaloga GP, Siddiqui RA. Modulation of endothelial cell integrity and inflammatory activation by commercial lipid emulsions. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:9. [PMID: 25888960 PMCID: PMC4339234 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombosis and immune dysfunction are two important complications that result from the administration of parenteral nutrition. Endothelial cells within the vasculature are crucial components necessary for maintenance of normal coagulation and immune function. Methods We compared the effects of three commercial lipid emulsions (LEs; Intralipid®, ClinOleic® [or Clinolipid®], and Omegaven®) differing in the levels of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids upon endothelial cell fatty acid composition using Gas chromatography, endothelial cell integrity by assessing measurement of apoptosis and necrosis using flow cytometry, endothelial cell inflammatory activation by assessing the induction of ICAM-1 by lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), and transcription factor activation (phosphorylation of NF-κB) using western blot analysis. Results Gas chromatographic analysis confirmed cellular uptake of the fatty acids within the LEs; furthermore, these fatty acid changes reflected the composition of the oils and egg phosphatides used in the manufacturing of these emulsions. However, the kinetics of fatty acid uptake and processing differed between LEs. Fish oil LE negatively impacted cell viability by doubling the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cell populations quantified by flow cytometry using Annexin V/Fluorescein and propidium iodide. The soybean oil LE did not alter cell viability, while the olive oil-predominate emulsion improved cell viability. All LEs were capable of suppressing LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression; however, the fish oil LE was more potent than the other emulsions. Fish oil LE supplementation of cells also suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB, while the soybean oil and olive predominant LE had no effect upon NF-κB phosphorylation. Conclusions Lipid emulsions are readily incorporated and stored in the form of triacylglycerols. Soybean oil-based, olive oil-predominant and fish-oil based LEs differentially affected endothelial cell integrity. Importantly, these three LEs were capable of suppressing endothelial cell inflammatory response despite their fatty acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Harvey
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, 1800 N. Capitol Ave, E504D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Zhidong Xu
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, 1800 N. Capitol Ave, E504D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | | | - Gary P Zaloga
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, 60015, USA.
| | - Rafat A Siddiqui
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, 1800 N. Capitol Ave, E504D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Huang CY, Chen WM, Tsay YG, Hsieh SC, Lin Y, Lee WJ, Sheu WHH, Chiang AN. Differential regulation of protein expression in response to polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver of apoE-knockout mice and in HepG2 cells. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:12. [PMID: 25881314 PMCID: PMC4331445 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are nutrients necessary for life. The liver is the essential metabolic center, which aids in maintaining health via diverse biological actions. In the present work, a proteomics study was conducted with an aim to provide new insights into PUFA-regulated hepatic protein expression in apoE-knockout mice. Additionally, we investigated how n-3 PUFAs influence cytokine-challenge by using HepG2 cells as a model. Results Through the proteomic analysis using 2-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we found that 28, 23, 14, and 28 hepatic proteins were up-regulated at least a two-fold difference in intensity compared with the control group in mice treated with the docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and linoleic acid, respectively. In contrast, 12 hepatic proteins were down-regulated with a ratio value of less than 0.5 compared to their control counterparts by these four fatty acids. All of the altered proteins were then sorted according to their biochemical properties related to metabolism, redox stress/inflammation, enzymatic reactions, and miscellaneous functions. The results provide evidence that PUFAs may act as either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory agents. Cytokine-challenged HepG2 cells were used to reveal the anti-inflammatory function of n-3 PUFAs. The results showed that interleukin (IL)-1β combined with IL-6 induced C-reactive protein (CRP) mRNA expression and its protein secretion by HepG2 cells. The CRP promoter activity was significantly increased in the IL-6-treated cells, whereas IL-1β alone had no effect. However, IL-1β and IL-6 acted synergistically to further enhance CRP promoter activities. Furthermore, n-3 PUFAs inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and the phosphorylation of the nuclear signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) during cytokine-induced CRP production. Conclusion This study indicates that PUFAs induced changes in the hepatic protein profile in vivo. Furthermore, n-3 PUFAs exert their anti-inflammatory properties through differential molecular mechanisms in hepatic cells. These results provide novel information regarding the roles of PUFAs in the liver at the tissue and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ming Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Yeou-Guang Tsay
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yun Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40354, Taiwan.
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40354, Taiwan.
| | - An-Na Chiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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Horowitz MA, Wertz J, Zhu D, Cattaneo A, Musaelyan K, Nikkheslat N, Thuret S, Pariante CM, Zunszain PA. Antidepressant compounds can be both pro- and anti-inflammatory in human hippocampal cells. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu076. [PMID: 25522414 PMCID: PMC4360247 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasingly recognized role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and prognosis of depression has led to a renewed focus on the immunomodulatory properties of compounds with antidepressant action. Studies have, so far, explored such properties in human blood samples and in animal models. METHODS Here we used the more relevant model of human hippocampal progenitor cells exposed to an inflammatory milieu, induced by treatment with IL-1β. This increased the levels of a series of cytokines and chemokines produced by the cells, including a dose- and time-dependent increase of IL-6. We investigated the immunomodulatory properties of four monoaminergic antidepressants (venlafaxine, sertraline, moclobemide, and agomelatine) and two omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs; eicosapentanoic acid [EPA] and docosahexanoic acid [DHA]). RESULTS We found that venlafaxine and EPA were anti-inflammatory: venlafaxine decreased IL-6, with a trend for decreases of IL-8 and IP-10, while EPA decreased the levels of IL-6, IL-15, IL-1RA, and IP-10. These effects were associated with a corresponding decrease in NF-kB activity. Unexpectedly, sertraline and DHA had pro-inflammatory effects, with sertraline increasing IFN-α and IL-6 and DHA increasing IL-15, IL-1RA, IFN-α, and IL-6, though these changes were also associated with a decrease in NF-kB activity, suggesting distinct modes of action. Agomelatine and moclobemide had no effect on IL-6 secretion. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that monoaminergic antidepressants and n-3 PUFAs have distinctive effects on immune processes in human neural cells. Further characterization of these actions may enable more effective personalization of treatment based on the inflammatory status of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Ana Zunszain
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK (Dr Horowitz, Ms Wertz, Ms Zhu, Drs Cattaneo, Musaelyan, Nikkheslat, Pariante, and Zunszain); Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour, The James Black Centre (Thuret); and IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy (Dr Cattaneo).
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Nagai K, Matsumaru K, Hirai I, Takae Y, Andoh K. New therapy using omega-3-Acid ethyl esters for decubitus ulcers and stasis dermatitis: a case report. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e19500. [PMID: 25763242 PMCID: PMC4341250 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.19500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In daily practice, it is common to experience difficulty in treating decubitus ulcers (pressure ulcers, also known as decubitus ulcers) and stasis dermatitis of the lower limbs. We hereby report that omega-3-acid ethyl esters were remarkably effective when administered to cases of refractory pressure ulcers and stasis dermatitis for the purpose of improving the blood flow and promoting blood circulation. Case Presentation: Case 1: A 21-year-old Japanese female with lower-body paralysis. Pressure ulcers appeared on the heel and first toe of her left lower extremity. Although the patient had been treated with various ointments such as dimethyl isopropylazulene and 0.9% iodine-containing ointment, the course showed no improvement, so omega-3-acid ethyl esters was administered orally, completely healing the ulcer of the first toe in 10 weeks. Case 2: A 76-year-old Japanese male. The patient had been treated on an outpatient basis for 15 years due to hypertension, heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Two years prior to this presentation, stasis dermatitis occurred in the lower limbs and at the end of last year, erosive ulcers appeared on the front part of the lower-right thigh and shin. Although treatment with various topical ointment and dressings was performed, the course showed no improvement. Oral administration of omega-3-acid ethyl esters was initiated. At 12 weeks, his condition entered the white phase and healed almost completely. Conclusions: This report is the first to document other treatment possibilities for pressure ulcer and/or stasis dermatitis in cases where the use of topical applied ointments and medications is difficult. This new therapy may therefore help physicians to treat pressure ulcers and stasis dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nagai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagai Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
- Corresponding Author: Kazuki Nagai, Department of Internal Medicine, Nagai Clinic, P. O. Box: 2350045, Yokohama, Japan. Tel/Fax: +81-458325830, E-mail:
| | | | - Ikuko Hirai
- Department of Dermatology, Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Nanbu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yujiro Takae
- Department of Dermatology, Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Nanbu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Andoh
- Department of Radiology, Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Nanbu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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Fang IM, Yang CH, Yang CM. Docosahexaenoic acid reduces linoleic acid induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression via PPARγ and nuclear factor-κB pathway in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2053-65. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Mo Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology; Taipei City Hospital; Zhongxiao Branch; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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Niacin inhibits vascular inflammation via downregulating nuclear transcription factor-κB signaling pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:263786. [PMID: 24991087 PMCID: PMC4058495 DOI: 10.1155/2014/263786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of niacin on vascular inflammatory lesions in vivo and in vitro as well as its lipid-regulating mechanism. In vivo study revealed that niacin downregulated the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) in plasma, suppressed protein expression of CD68 and NF-κB p65 in arterial wall, and attenuated oxidative stress in guinea pigs that have been fed high fat diet. In vitro study further confirmed that niacin decreased the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α and inhibited NF-κB p65 and notch1 protein expression in oxLDL-stimulated HUVECs and THP-1 macrophages. Moreover, niacin attenuated oxLDL-induced apoptosis of HUVECs as well. In addition, niacin significantly lessened lipid deposition in arterial wall, increased HDL-C and apoA levels and decreased TG and non-HDL-C levels in plasma, and upregulated the mRNA amount of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase A1 in liver of guinea pigs. These data suggest for the first time that niacin inhibits vascular inflammation in vivo and in vitro via downregulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, niacin also modulates plasma lipid by upregulating the expression of factors involved in the process of reverse cholesterol transport.
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Yamagata K, Tusruta C, Ohtuski A, Tagami M. Docosahexaenoic acid decreases TNF-α-induced lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 expression in THP-1 cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 90:125-32. [PMID: 24518001 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) prevents atherosclerosis and may decrease monocyte/macrophage activation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Here, we sought to determine the protective effects of DHA against TNF-α-induced stimulation of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression, which is associated with atherosclerosis. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we found that TNF-α induced the expression of LOX-1 (OLR1), NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), p47phox (NCF1), very late antigen-4 (ITGA4), and lymphocyte function-associated antigen (ITGAL) genes. Additionally, DHA attenuated TNF-α-induced acetylated (Ac)-LDL uptake and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as measured using fluorescently labeled LDL and H2DCFDA, respectively, and reduced the expression levels of these genes. Moreover, the PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 blocked these effects of DHA. These results indicated that DHA inhibited several events associated with redox regulation in a PI3K-dependent manner, thereby mediating the expression of LOX-1 in monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Laboratory of Molecular Health Science of Food, Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresourse Science, Nihon University (NUBS), Japan; Advance Research Center on Food Function, College of Bioresourse Science, Nihon University (NUBS), Japan.
| | - Chiaki Tusruta
- Laboratory of Molecular Health Science of Food, Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresourse Science, Nihon University (NUBS), Japan
| | - Akane Ohtuski
- Laboratory of Molecular Health Science of Food, Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresourse Science, Nihon University (NUBS), Japan
| | - Motoki Tagami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanraku Hospital, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Yates CM, Calder PC, Ed Rainger G. Pharmacology and therapeutics of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in chronic inflammatory disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:272-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ito R, Satoh-Asahara N, Yamakage H, Sasaki Y, Odori S, Kono S, Wada H, Suganami T, Ogawa Y, Hasegawa K, Shimatsu A. An increase in the EPA/AA ratio is associated with improved arterial stiffness in obese patients with dyslipidemia. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 21:248-60. [PMID: 24270918 DOI: 10.5551/jat.19976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Previous epidemiological studies demonstrated that the ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with cardiovascular diseases. We herein investigated whether the beneficial effect of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) on arterial stiffness is associated with changes in the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as EPA, docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid(DGLA), relative to arachidonic acid(AA), in obese Japanese patients with dyslipidemia. METHODS The EPA/AA, DHA/AA and DGLA/AA ratios were compared between obese patients with(n=94) and without (n=31) dyslipidemia. Among the former group, 88 patients received either highly purified EPA treatment(1.8g daily, n=45) or treatment without EPA(control, n=43). RESULTS At baseline, the ratios of DHA/AA and DGLA/AA were significantly(P<0.05) higher in obese patients with dyslipidemia than in those without, while the EPA/AA ratio was similar between patients with and without dyslipidemia. EPA significantly reduced the hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, CRP, cardio-ankle vascular index(CAVI)(an index of arterial stiffness) and the DGLA/AA ratio relative to the control at three months after the treatment. On the other hand, EPA significantly increased the adiponectin level and EPA/AA ratio(P<0.05). A multivariate regression analysis revealed that only age, an increase in the EPA/AA ratio and a decrease in the CRP level were significant determinants of a reduction of the CAVI by EPA. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that EPA improves the arterial stiffness in association with an increase in the EPA/AA ratio and a decrease in inflammation in obese patients with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ito
- Diabetes Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center
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Eilati E, Small CC, McGee SR, Kurrey NK, Hales DB. Anti-inflammatory effects of fish oil in ovaries of laying hens target prostaglandin pathways. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:152. [PMID: 24156238 PMCID: PMC3874764 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An effective way to control cancer is by prevention. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Progress in the treatment and prevention of ovarian cancer has been hampered due to the lack of an appropriate animal model and absence of effective chemo-prevention strategies. The domestic hens spontaneously develop ovarian adenocarcinomas that share similar histological appearance and symptoms such as ascites and metastasis with humans. There is a link between chronic inflammation and cancer. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the most pro-inflammatory ecoisanoid and one of the downstream products of two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes: COX-1 and COX-2. PGE2 exerts its effects on target cells by coupling to four subtypes of receptors which have been classified as EP1-4. Fish oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (OM-3FAs) which may be effective in prevention of ovarian cancer. Our objective was to assess the potential impact of fish oil on expression of COX enzymes, PGE2 concentration, apoptosis and proliferation in ovaries of laying hens. Methods 48 white Leghorn hens were fed 50, 100, 175, 375 and 700 mg/kg fish oil for 21 days. The OM3-FAs and omega-6 fatty acids contents of egg yolks were determined by Gas Chromatography. Proliferation, apoptosis, COX-1, COX-2 and prostaglandin receptor subtype 4 (EP4) protein and mRNA expression and PGE2 concentration in ovaries were measured by PCNA, TUNEL, Western blot, quantitative real-time qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Results Consumption of fish oil increased the incorporation of OM-3FAs into yolks and decreased both COX-1 and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression. In correlation with COXs down-regulation, fish oil significantly reduced the concentrations of PGE2 in ovaries. EP4 protein and mRNA expression in ovaries of hens was not affected by fish oil treatment. A lower dose of fish oil increased the egg laying frequency. 175 and 700 mg/kg fish oil reduced proliferation and 700 mg/kg increased apoptosis in hen ovaries. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the lower doses of fish oil reduce inflammatory PG and may be an effective approach in preventing ovarian carcinogenesis. These findings may provide the basis for clinical trials utilizing fish oil as a dietary intervention targeting prostaglandin biosynthesis for the prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dale Buchanan Hales
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, School of Medicine, Life Science II, Room 250 (M/C 6512), 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
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Endocannabinoid system as a potential mechanism for n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid mediated cardiovascular protection. Proc Nutr Soc 2013; 72:460-9. [PMID: 24020800 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665113003406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence of an active and functioning endocannabinoid (EC) system within cardiovascular tissues implies that this system has either a physiological or pathophysiological role (or both), and there is a substantial literature to support the notion that, in the main, they are protective in the setting of various CVD states. Moreover, there is an equally extensive literature to demonstrate the cardio- and vasculo-protective effects of n-3 long-chain (LC)-PUFA. It is now becoming evident that there appears to be a close relationship between dietary intervention with n-3 LC-PUFA and changes in tissue levels of EC, raising the question as to whether or not EC may, at least in part, play a role in mediating the cardio-and vasculo-protective effects of n-3 LC-PUFA. This brief review summarises the current understanding of how both EC and n-3 LC-PUFA exert their protective effects in three major cardiovascular disorders (hypertension, atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction) and attempts to identify the similarities and differences that may indicate common or integrated mechanisms. From the data available, it is unlikely that in hypertension EC mediate any beneficial effects of n-3 LC-PUFA, since they do not share common mechanisms of blood pressure reduction. However, inhibition of inflammation is an effect shared by EC and n-3 LC-PUFA in the setting of both atherosclerosis and myocardial reperfusion injury, while blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels is one of the possible common mechanisms for their antiarrhythmic effects. Although both EC and n-3 LC-PUFA demonstrate vasculo- and cardio-protection, the literature overwhelmingly shows that n-3 LC-PUFA decrease tissue levels of EC through formation of EC–n-3 LC-PUFA conjugates, which is counter-intuitive to an argument that EC may mediate the effects of n-3 LC-PUFA. However, the discovery that these conjugates have a greater affinity for cannabinoid receptors than the native EC provides a fascinating avenue for further research into novel approaches for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and myocardial injury following ischaemia/reperfusion.
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