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Vancamp P, Frapin M, Parnet P, Amarger V. Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of the Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Fetal Protein Deficiency: Insights From Rodent Models and Public Health Implications. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100339. [PMID: 39040432 PMCID: PMC11262180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal brain development requires increased maternal protein intake to ensure that offspring reach their optimal cognitive potential in infancy and adulthood. While protein deficiency remains a prevalent issue in developing countries, it is also reemerging in Western societies due to the growing adoption of plant-based diets, some of which are monotonous and may fail to provide sufficient amino acids crucial for the brain's critical developmental phase. Confounding variables in human nutritional research have impeded our understanding of the precise impact of protein deficiency on fetal neurodevelopment, as well as its implications for childhood neurocognitive performance. Moreover, it remains unclear whether such deficiency could predispose to mental health problems in adulthood, mirroring observations in individuals exposed to prenatal famine. In this review, we sought to evaluate mechanistic data derived from rodent models, placing special emphasis on the involvement of neuroendocrine axes, the influence of sex and timing, epigenetic modifications, and cellular metabolism. Despite notable progress, critical knowledge gaps remain, including understanding the long-term reversibility of effects due to fetal protein restriction and the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Enhancing our understanding of the precise mechanisms that connect prenatal nutrition to brain development in future research endeavors can be significantly advanced by integrating multiomics approaches and utilizing additional alternative models such as nonhuman primates. Furthermore, it is crucial to investigate potential interventions aimed at alleviating adverse outcomes. Ultimately, this research has profound implications for guiding public health strategies aimed at raising awareness about the crucial role of optimal maternal nutrition in supporting fetal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vancamp
- Nantes Université, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environnement, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, l'Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Morgane Frapin
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patricia Parnet
- Nantes Université, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environnement, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, l'Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Valérie Amarger
- Nantes Université, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environnement, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, l'Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France
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2
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Identification of PDXDC1 as a novel pleiotropic susceptibility locus shared between lumbar spine bone mineral density and birth weight. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:723-734. [PMID: 35314877 PMCID: PMC9110509 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of epidemiological studies have suggested that birth weight (BW) may be a determinant of bone health later in life, although the underlying genetic mechanism remains unclear. Here, we applied a pleiotropic conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) approach to the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD) and BW, aiming to identify novel susceptibility variants shared between these two traits. We detected 5 novel potential pleiotropic loci which are located at or near 7 different genes (NTAN1, PDXDC1, CACNA1G, JAG1, FAT1P1, CCDC170, ESR1), among which PDXDC1 and FAT1P1 have not previously been linked to these phenotypes. To partially validate the findings, we demonstrated that the expression of PDXDC1 was dramatically reduced in ovariectomized (OVX) mice in comparison with sham-operated (SHAM) mice in both the growth plate and trabecula bone. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry assay with serial sections showed that both osteoclasts and osteoblasts express PDXDC1, supporting its potential role in bone metabolism. In conclusion, our study provides insights into some shared genetic mechanisms for BMD and BW as well as a novel potential therapeutic target for the prevention of OP in the early stages of the disease development. KEY MESSAGES : We investigated pleiotropy-informed enrichment between LS BMD and BW. We identified genetic variants related to both LS BMD and BW by utilizing a cFDR approach. PDXDC1 is a novel pleiotropic gene which may be related to both LS BMD and BW. Elevated expression of PDXDC1 is related to higher BMD and lower ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA indicating a bone protective effect of PDXDC1.
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Lin C, Tordoff MG, Li X, Bosak NP, Inoue M, Ishiwatari Y, Chen L, Beauchamp GK, Bachmanov AA, Reed DR. Genetic controls of Tas1r3-independent sucrose consumption in mice. Mamm Genome 2021; 32:70-93. [PMID: 33710367 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously used crosses between C57BL/6ByJ (B6) and 129P3/J (129) inbred strains to map a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on mouse chromosome (Chr) 4 that affects behavioral and neural responses to sucrose. We have named it the sucrose consumption QTL 2 (Scon2), and shown that it corresponds to the Tas1r3 gene, which encodes a sweet taste receptor subunit TAS1R3. To discover other sucrose consumption QTLs, we have intercrossed B6 inbred and 129.B6-Tas1r3 congenic mice to produce F2 hybrids, in which Scon2 (Tas1r3) does not segregate, and hence does not contribute to phenotypical variation. Chromosome mapping using this F2 intercross identified two main-effect QTLs, Scon3 (Chr9) and Scon10 (Chr14), and an epistatically interacting QTL pair Scon3 (Chr9)-Scon4 (Chr1). Using serial backcrosses, congenic and consomic strains, we conducted high-resolution mapping of Scon3 and Scon4 and analyzed their epistatic interactions. We used mice with different Scon3 or Scon4 genotypes to understand whether these two QTLs influence sucrose intake via gustatory or postoral mechanisms. These studies found no evidence for involvement of the taste mechanisms, but suggested involvement of energy metabolism. Mice with the B6 Scon4 genotype drank less sucrose in two-bottle tests, and also had a higher respiratory exchange ratio and lower energy expenditure under basal conditions (when they had only chow and water available). Our results provide evidence that Scon3 and Scon4 influence mouse-to-mouse variation in sucrose intake and that both likely act through a common postoral mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailu Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Xia Li
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Sonora Quest Laboratories, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Masashi Inoue
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ishiwatari
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ajinomoto Co. Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Longhui Chen
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Tannbach Capital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Alexander A Bachmanov
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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4
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Frapin M, Guignard S, Meistermann D, Grit I, Moullé VS, Paillé V, Parnet P, Amarger V. Maternal Protein Restriction in Rats Alters the Expression of Genes Involved in Mitochondrial Metabolism and Epitranscriptomics in Fetal Hypothalamus. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051464. [PMID: 32438566 PMCID: PMC7284977 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal brain development is closely dependent on maternal nutrition and metabolic status. Maternal protein restriction (PR) is known to be associated with alterations in the structure and function of the hypothalamus, leading to impaired control of energy homeostasis and food intake. The objective of this study was to identify the cellular and molecular systems underlying these effects during fetal development. We combined a global transcriptomic analysis on the fetal hypothalamus from a rat model of maternal PR with in vitro neurosphere culture and cellular analyses. Several genes encoding proteins from the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes were overexpressed in the PR group and mitochondrial metabolic activity in the fetal hypothalamus was altered. The level of the N6-methyladenosine epitranscriptomic mark was reduced in the PR fetuses, and the expression of several genes involved in the writing/erasing/reading of this mark was indeed altered, as well as genes encoding several RNA-binding proteins. Additionally, we observed a higher number of neuronal-committed progenitors at embryonic day 17 (E17) in the PR fetuses. Together, these data strongly suggest a metabolic adaptation to the amino acid shortage, combined with the post-transcriptional control of protein expression, which might reflect alterations in the control of the timing of neuronal progenitor differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Frapin
- Nantes Université, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-O, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.F.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (V.S.M.); (V.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Simon Guignard
- Nantes Université, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-O, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.F.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (V.S.M.); (V.P.); (P.P.)
| | | | - Isabelle Grit
- Nantes Université, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-O, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.F.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (V.S.M.); (V.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Valentine S. Moullé
- Nantes Université, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-O, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.F.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (V.S.M.); (V.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Vincent Paillé
- Nantes Université, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-O, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.F.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (V.S.M.); (V.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Patricia Parnet
- Nantes Université, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-O, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.F.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (V.S.M.); (V.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Valérie Amarger
- Nantes Université, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-O, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.F.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (V.S.M.); (V.P.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Desclée de Maredsous C, Carlin G, Oosting A, Delteil C, Azzout-Marniche D, Chaumontet C, Blachier F, Barbillon P, Mary-Huard T, Tomé D, Oozeer R, Davila AM. Increased Susceptibility to Obesity and Glucose Intolerance in Adult Female Rats Programmed by High-Protein Diet during Gestation, But Not during Lactation. Nutrients 2020; 12:E315. [PMID: 31991777 PMCID: PMC7071251 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal and early postnatal nutritional environments contribute to lifelong health. High-protein (HP) intake in early life can increase obesity risk in response to specific feeding conditions after weaning. This study investigated the effects of a maternal HP diet during pregnancy and/or lactation on the metabolic health of offspring. Three groups of dams received a normal-protein (NP, 20E% proteins) diet during gestation and lactation (Control group), an HP diet (55E% proteins) during gestation (HPgest group), or an HP diet during lactation (HPlact group). From weaning until 10 weeks, female pups were exposed to the NP, the HP or the western (W) diet. HPgest pups had more adipocytes (p = 0.009), more subcutaneous adipose tissue (p = 0.04) and increased expression of genes involved in liver fatty acid synthesis at 10 weeks (p < 0.05). HPgest rats also showed higher food intake and adiposity under the W diet compared to the Control and HPlact rats (p ≤ 0.04). The post-weaning HP diet reduced weight (p < 0.0001), food intake (p < 0.0001), adiposity (p < 0.0001) and glucose tolerance (p < 0.0001) compared to the NP and W diets; this effect was enhanced in the HPgest group (p = 0.04). These results show that a maternal HP diet during gestation, but not lactation, leads to a higher susceptibility to obesity and glucose intolerance in female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Desclée de Maredsous
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.O.); (R.O.)
| | - Gabrielle Carlin
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Annemarie Oosting
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.O.); (R.O.)
| | - Corine Delteil
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Catherine Chaumontet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
| | - François Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Pierre Barbillon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR MIA-Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (P.B.); (T.M.-H.)
| | - Tristan Mary-Huard
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR MIA-Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (P.B.); (T.M.-H.)
| | - Daniel Tomé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
| | - Raish Oozeer
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.O.); (R.O.)
| | - Anne-Marie Davila
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (C.D.d.M.); (G.C.); (C.D.); (D.A.-M.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (D.T.)
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6
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Padilla N, Fransson P, Donaire A, Figueras F, Arranz A, Sanz-Cortés M, Tenorio V, Bargallo N, Junqué C, Lagercrantz H, Ådén U, Gratacós E. Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Preterm Infants with Fetal Growth Restriction Evaluated at 12 Months Corrected Age. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4750-4758. [PMID: 27600838 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) affects brain development in preterm infants, but little is known about its effects on resting-state functional connectivity. We compared 20 preterm infants, born at <34 weeks of gestation with abnormal antenatal Doppler measurements and birth weights <10th percentile, with 20 appropriate for gestational age preterm infants of similar gestational age and 20 term infants. They were scanned without sedation at 12 months of age and screened for autistic traits at 26 months. Resting functional connectivity was assessed using group independent component analysis and seed-based correlation analysis. The groups showed 10 common resting-state networks involving cortical, subcortical regions, and the cerebellum. Only infants with FGR showed patterns of increased connectivity in the visual network and decreased connectivity in the auditory/language and dorsal attention networks. No significant differences between groups were found using seed-based correlation analysis. FGR infants displayed a higher frequency of early autism features, related to decreased connectivity involving the salience network, than term infants. These data suggest that FGR is an independent risk factor for disrupted intrinsic functional connectivity in preterm infants when they are 1-year old and provide more clues about the neurodevelopmental abnormalities reported in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Padilla
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Peter Fransson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Sotockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Donaire
- Department of Neurology, Insititute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Universidad de Barcelonaand Institut D'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Figueras
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Arranz
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Sanz-Cortés
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Violeta Tenorio
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bargallo
- Department of Radiology, Centre de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, CDIC, Hospital Clinic, Universidad de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Junqué
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Lagercrantz
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Ådén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Khan AM, Grant AH, Martinez A, Burns GAPC, Thatcher BS, Anekonda VT, Thompson BW, Roberts ZS, Moralejo DH, Blevins JE. Mapping Molecular Datasets Back to the Brain Regions They are Extracted from: Remembering the Native Countries of Hypothalamic Expatriates and Refugees. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 21:101-193. [PMID: 30334222 PMCID: PMC6310046 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-94593-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on approaches to link transcriptomic, proteomic, and peptidomic datasets mined from brain tissue to the original locations within the brain that they are derived from using digital atlas mapping techniques. We use, as an example, the transcriptomic, proteomic and peptidomic analyses conducted in the mammalian hypothalamus. Following a brief historical overview, we highlight studies that have mined biochemical and molecular information from the hypothalamus and then lay out a strategy for how these data can be linked spatially to the mapped locations in a canonical brain atlas where the data come from, thereby allowing researchers to integrate these data with other datasets across multiple scales. A key methodology that enables atlas-based mapping of extracted datasets-laser-capture microdissection-is discussed in detail, with a view of how this technology is a bridge between systems biology and systems neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad M Khan
- UTEP Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - Alice H Grant
- UTEP Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Anais Martinez
- UTEP Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Gully A P C Burns
- Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Brendan S Thatcher
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vishwanath T Anekonda
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin W Thompson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zachary S Roberts
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel H Moralejo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James E Blevins
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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8
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Pedroso AP, Souza AP, Dornellas APS, Oyama LM, Nascimento CMO, Santos GMS, Rosa JC, Bertolla RP, Klawitter J, Christians U, Tashima AK, Ribeiro EB. Intrauterine Growth Restriction Programs the Hypothalamus of Adult Male Rats: Integrated Analysis of Proteomic and Metabolomic Data. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1515-1525. [PMID: 28314371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Programming of hypothalamic functions regulating energy homeostasis may play a role in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)-induced adulthood obesity. The present study investigated the effects of IUGR on the hypothalamus proteome and metabolome of adult rats submitted to 50% protein-energy restriction throughout pregnancy. Proteomic and metabolomic analyzes were performed by data independent acquisition mass spectrometry and multiple reaction monitoring, respectively. At age 4 months, the restricted rats showed elevated adiposity, increased leptin and signs of insulin resistance. 1356 proteins were identified and 348 quantified while 127 metabolites were quantified. The restricted hypothalamus showed down-regulation of 36 proteins and 5 metabolites and up-regulation of 21 proteins and 9 metabolites. Integrated pathway analysis of the proteomics and metabolomics data indicated impairment of hypothalamic glucose metabolism, increased flux through the hexosamine pathway, deregulation of TCA cycle and the respiratory chain, and alterations in glutathione metabolism. The data suggest IUGR modulation of energy metabolism and redox homeostasis in the hypothalamus of male adult rats. The present results indicated deleterious consequences of IUGR on hypothalamic pathways involved in pivotal physiological functions. These results provide guidance for future mechanistic studies assessing the role of intrauterine malnutrition in the development of metabolic diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Pedroso
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Adriana P Souza
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Ana P S Dornellas
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Cláudia M O Nascimento
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Gianni M S Santos
- Division of Applied Statistics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - José C Rosa
- Protein Chemistry Center, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, SP 03178-200, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Bertolla
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Uwe Christians
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Alexandre K Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Eliane B Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
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9
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Hunter DS, Hazel SJ, Kind KL, Owens JA, Pitcher JB, Gatford KL. Programming the brain: Common outcomes and gaps in knowledge from animal studies of IUGR. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:233-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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de Souza AP, Pedroso AP, Watanabe RLH, Dornellas APS, Boldarine VT, Laure HJ, do Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Rosa JC, Ribeiro EB. Gender-specific effects of intrauterine growth restriction on the adipose tissue of adult rats: a proteomic approach. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:32. [PMID: 26633942 PMCID: PMC4667418 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may program metabolic alterations affecting physiological functions and lead to diseases in later life. The adipose tissue is an important organ influencing energy homeostasis. The present study was aimed at exploring the consequences of IUGR on the retroperitoneal adipose tissue of adult male and female rats, using a proteomic approach. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant Wistar rats were fed with balanced chow, either ad libitum (control group) or restricted to 50 % of control intake (restricted group) during the whole gestation. The offspring were weaned to ad libitum chow and studied at 4 months of age. Retroperitoneal fat was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. Both male and female restricted groups had low body weight at birth and at weaning but normal body weight at adulthood. The restricted males had normal fat pads weight and serum glucose levels, with a trend to hyperinsulinemia. The restricted females had increased fat pads weight with normal glucose and insulin levels. The restricted males showed up-regulated levels of proteasome subunit α type 3, branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, elongation 1- alpha 1, fatty acid synthase levels, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase and ATP synthase subunit alpha. These alterations point to increased proteolysis and lipogenesis rates and favoring of ATP generation. The restricted females showed down-regulated levels of L-lactate dehydrogenase perilipin-1, mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase E1, and transketolase. These findings suggest impairment of glycemic control, stimulation of lipolysis and inhibition of proteolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and lipogenesis rates. In both genders, several proteins involved in oxidative stress and inflammation were affected, in a pattern compatible with impairment of these responses. CONCLUSIONS The proteomic analysis of adipose tissue showed that, although IUGR affected pathways of substrate and energy metabolism in both males and females, important gender differences were evident. While IUGR males displayed alterations pointing to a predisposition to later development of obesity, the alterations observed in IUGR females pointed to a metabolic status of established obesity, in agreement with their increased fat pads mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pereira de Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Amanda Paula Pedroso
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Regina Lúcia Harumi Watanabe
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Segantine Dornellas
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Valter Tadeu Boldarine
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Helen Julie Laure
- Centro de Química de Proteínas - Hemocentro, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudia Maria Oller do Nascimento
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa
- Centro de Química de Proteínas - Hemocentro, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
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Hale MW, Spencer SJ, Conti B, Jasoni CL, Kent S, Radler ME, Reyes TM, Sominsky L. Diet, behavior and immunity across the lifespan. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 58:46-62. [PMID: 25524877 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that perinatal events can set an organism on a life-long trajectory for either health or disease, resilience or risk. One early life variable that has proven critical for optimal development is the nutritional environment in which the organism develops. Extensive research has documented the effects of both undernutrition and overnutrition, with strong links evident for an increased risk for obesity and metabolic disorders, as well as adverse mental health outcomes. Recent work has highlighted a critical role of the immune system, in linking diet with long term health and behavioral outcomes. The present review will summarize the recent literature regarding the interactions of diet, immunity, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Hale
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute (HIRi), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Bruno Conti
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine L Jasoni
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Kent
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Morgan E Radler
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Teresa M Reyes
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luba Sominsky
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute (HIRi), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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14-3-3 tau (YWHAQ) gene promoter hypermethylation in human placenta of preeclampsia. Placenta 2014; 35:981-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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McGaughy JA, Amaral AC, Rushmore RJ, Mokler DJ, Morgane PJ, Rosene DL, Galler JR. Prenatal malnutrition leads to deficits in attentional set shifting and decreases metabolic activity in prefrontal subregions that control executive function. Dev Neurosci 2014; 36:532-41. [PMID: 25342495 DOI: 10.1159/000366057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, over 25% of all children under the age of 5 years experience malnutrition leading to cognitive and emotional impairments that can persist into adulthood and beyond. We use a rodent model to determine the impact of prenatal protein malnutrition on executive functions in an attentional set-shifting task and metabolic activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions critical to these behaviors. Long-Evans dams were provided with a low (6% casein) or adequate (25% casein) protein diet 5 weeks before mating and during pregnancy. At birth, the litters were culled to 8 pups and fostered to control dams on the 25% casein diet. At postnatal day 90, prenatally malnourished rats were less able to shift attentional set and reverse reward contingencies than controls, demonstrating cognitive rigidity. Naive same-sexed littermates were assessed for regional brain activity using the metabolic marker (14)C-2-deoxyglucose (2DG). The prenatally malnourished rats had lower metabolic activity than controls in prelimbic, infralimbic, anterior cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortices, but had comparable activity in the nearby piriform cortex and superior colliculus. This study demonstrates that prenatal protein malnutrition in a well-described animal model produces cognitive deficits in tests of attentional set shifting and reversal learning, similar to findings of cognitive inflexibility reported in humans exposed to early childhood malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A McGaughy
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H., USA
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Short- and long-term effects of maternal perinatal undernutrition are lowered by cross-fostering during lactation in the male rat. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 5:109-20. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174413000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition exposure during the perinatal period reduces the growth kinetic of the offspring and sensitizes it to the development of chronic adult metabolic diseases both in animals and in humans. Previous studies have demonstrated that a 50% maternal food restriction performed during the last week of gestation and during lactation has both short- and long-term consequences in the male rat offspring. Pups from undernourished mothers present a decreased intrauterine (IUGR) and extrauterine growth restriction. This is associated with a drastic reduction in their leptin plasma levels during lactation, and exhibit programming of their stress neuroendocrine systems (corticotroph axis and sympatho-adrenal system) in adulthood. In this study, we report that perinatally undernourished 6-month-old adult animals demonstrated increased leptinemia (at PND200), blood pressure (at PND180), food intake (from PND28 to PND168), locomotor activity (PND187) and altered regulation of glycemia (PND193). Cross-fostering experiments indicate that these alterations were prevented in IUGR offspring nursed by control mothers during lactation. Interestingly, the nutritional status of mothers during lactation (ad libitum feeding v. undernutrition) dictates the leptin plasma levels in pups, consistent with decreased leptin concentration in the milk of mothers subjected to perinatal undernutrition. As it has been reported that postnatal leptin levels in rodent neonates may have long-term metabolic consequences, restoration of plasma leptin levels in pups during lactation may contribute to the beneficial effects of cross-fostering IUGR offspring to control mothers. Collectively, our data suggest that modification of milk components may offer new therapeutic perspectives to prevent the programming of adult diseases in offspring from perinatally undernourished mothers.
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Ferrara SD, Viel G. Functional ‘-omics’ in intrauterine growth restriction: novel insights into child development. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 9:355-7. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Grissom N, Bowman N, Reyes TM. Epigenetic programming of reward function in offspring: a role for maternal diet. Mamm Genome 2013; 25:41-8. [PMID: 24317506 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-013-9487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Early life development, through gestation and lactation, represents a timeframe of extreme vulnerability for the developing fetus in general, and for the central nervous system in particular. An adverse perinatal environment can have a lasting negative impact on brain development, increasing the risk for developmental disorders and broader psychopathologies. A major determinant of the fetal developmental environment is maternal diet. The present review summarizes the current literature regarding the effect of poor maternal perinatal nutrition on offspring brain development, with an emphasis on reward-related neural systems and behaviors. Epigenetic mechanisms represent a likely link between maternal diet and persistent changes in offspring brain development, and these mechanisms are presented and discussed within the context of perinatal maternal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Grissom
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, 10-131 Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Migraine A, Nicklaus S, Parnet P, Lange C, Monnery-Patris S, Des Robert C, Darmaun D, Flamant C, Amarger V, Rozé JC. Effect of preterm birth and birth weight on eating behavior at 2 y of age. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:1270-7. [PMID: 23615831 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.051151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants frequently present eating difficulties in early childhood. Determinants of these difficulties are not known. OBJECTIVE We assessed the influence of neonatal and maternal characteristics on eating behaviors at 2 y of age. DESIGN The following 2 cohorts were compared: 234 preterm children born <33 wk of gestational age from the POLYmorphisme génétique, Nutrition et Comportement Alimentaire cohort and 245 term children from the Observation des Préférences ALImentaires du Nourrisson et de l'Enfant cohort. Eating behaviors were assessed by using the validated Children's Eating Difficulties Questionnaire, which assesses the following 2 dimensions: a low drive to eat and narrow food repertoire. Each dimension was graded from 2 to 10 with more severe difficulties reflected by a higher score. Children in the upper quintile were classified as having eating disorders. RESULTS Compared with term children, preterm children had a worse drive-to-eat score (4.3 ± 1.6 compared with 3.6 ± 1.5, respectively; P = 0.001) and a marginally lower food-repertoire score (5.0 ± 1.5 compared with 4.8 ± 1.6, respectively; P = 0.05). In a multilevel logistic regression model, female sex [adjusted OR (aOR): 1.76; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.88; P = 0.025] and birth weight less than -1 z score (aOR: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.47, 5.67; P = 0.002) but not gestational age were associated with a worse drive to eat. A maternal level of education beyond high school was associated with lower risk of a poor food-repertoire score (aOR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.90; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Preterm children have more eating difficulties than term children do, but after adjustment for maternal and neonatal characteristics, gestational age is not associated with impaired eating behaviors at the age of 2 y. Female sex, a low maternal level of education, and less than -1 SD intrauterine growth are associated with eating difficulties at 2 y of age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 00663572.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Migraine
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Nantes, Nantes, France.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Lipidol 2013; 24:86-94. [PMID: 23298962 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32835cb4f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Aberrant expression of collapsin response mediator proteins‐1, ‐2 and ‐5 in the brain of intrauterine growth restricted rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012; 31:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Fetal stress and programming of hypoxic/ischemic-sensitive phenotype in the neonatal brain: mechanisms and possible interventions. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 98:145-65. [PMID: 22627492 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence of epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies has clearly shown a close link between adverse in utero environment and the increased risk of neurological, psychological and psychiatric disorders in later life. Fetal stresses, such as hypoxia, malnutrition, and fetal exposure to nicotine, alcohol, cocaine and glucocorticoids may directly or indirectly act at cellular and molecular levels to alter the brain development and result in programming of heightened brain vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and the development of neurological diseases in the postnatal life. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. However, glucocorticoids may play a crucial role in epigenetic programming of neurological disorders of fetal origins. This review summarizes the recent studies about the effects of fetal stress on the abnormal brain development, focusing on the cellular, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms and highlighting the central effects of glucocorticoids on programming of hypoxic-ischemic-sensitive phenotype in the neonatal brain, which may enhance the understanding of brain pathophysiology resulting from fetal stress and help explore potential targets of timely diagnosis, prevention and intervention in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and other brain disorders.
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Pedroso AP, Watanabe RLH, Albuquerque KT, Telles MM, Andrade MCC, Perez JD, Sakata MM, Lima ML, Estadella D, Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Rosa JC, Casarini DE, Ribeiro EB. Proteomic profiling of the rat hypothalamus. Proteome Sci 2012; 10:26. [PMID: 22519962 PMCID: PMC3441799 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-10-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hypothalamus plays a pivotal role in numerous mechanisms highly relevant to the maintenance of body homeostasis, such as the control of food intake and energy expenditure. Impairment of these mechanisms has been associated with the metabolic disturbances involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. Since rodent species constitute important models for metabolism studies and the rat hypothalamus is poorly characterized by proteomic strategies, we performed experiments aimed at constructing a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) profile of rat hypothalamus proteins. Results As a first step, we established the best conditions for tissue collection and protein extraction, quantification and separation. The extraction buffer composition selected for proteome characterization of rat hypothalamus was urea 7 M, thiourea 2 M, CHAPS 4%, Triton X-100 0.5%, followed by a precipitation step with chloroform/methanol. Two-dimensional (2-D) gels of hypothalamic extracts from four-month-old rats were analyzed; the protein spots were digested and identified by using tandem mass spectrometry and database query using the protein search engine MASCOT. Eighty-six hypothalamic proteins were identified, the majority of which were classified as participating in metabolic processes, consistent with the finding of a large number of proteins with catalytic activity. Genes encoding proteins identified in this study have been related to obesity development. Conclusion The present results indicate that the 2-DE technique will be useful for nutritional studies focusing on hypothalamic proteins. The data presented herein will serve as a reference database for studies testing the effects of dietary manipulations on hypothalamic proteome. We trust that these experiments will lead to important knowledge on protein targets of nutritional variables potentially able to affect the complex central nervous system control of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Pedroso
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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