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Siqueira LMM, Campos ALDBS, Pires FCS, Ferreira MCR, Silva APDSE, Menezes EGO, Ramos INDF, Khayat AS, Rêgo JDARD, Carvalho Junior RND. Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Oil and Pulp without Açaí Fat ( Euterpe oleracea) Obtained by Supercritical Extraction. Foods 2024; 13:2819. [PMID: 39272584 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
For bioactivity studies, it is necessary to use products with a high degree of purity, which may influence the cytotoxic effects. Supercritical technology presents itself as an alternative to obtain these products. Therefore, the objective of this work was to obtain the bioactive compounds of oil and pulp of açaí fat-free supercritical technology and evaluate the cytotoxicity of products in MRC-5 and VERO cells in vitro. The açaí pulp was subjected to extraction with supercritical CO2 to obtain the oil and pulp without fat, under conditions of 323.15 K at 35 MPa, 333.15 K at 42 MPa, and 343.15 K at 49 MPa. The largest yields (51.74%), carotenoids (277.09 µg/g), DPPH (2.55 μmol TE/g), ABTS (2.60 μmol TE/g), and FRAP (15.25 μm of SF/g) of oil and ABTS (644.23 μmol TE/g) of pulp without fat were found in the condition 343.15 K at 49 MPa. The highest levels of compounds phenolics (150.20 mg GAE/g), DPPH (414.99 μmol TE/g), and FRAP (746.2 μm SF/g) of the pulp without fat were found in the condition of 323.15 K to 35 MPa. The fat-free pulp presented high levels of anthocyanins without significant variation in cytotoxicity. The developed process was efficient in obtaining oil rich in carotenoids, and the supercritical technology elucidated an efficient way to obtain açaí fat-free pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Maria Martins Siqueira
- PRODERNA (Graduate Program in Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon), LABEX (Extraction Laboratory), LABTECS (Supercritical Technology Laboratory), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Augusto Corrêa Street S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza de Barros Souza Campos
- LABEX (Extraction Laboratory), FEQ (Faculty of Chemical Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Flávia Cristina Seabra Pires
- LABTECS (Supercritical Technology Laboratory), Science and Technology Park, Perimeter Avenue of Science, km 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Caroline Rodrigues Ferreira
- LABEX (Extraction Laboratory), LABTECS (Supercritical Technology Laboratory), PPGCTA (Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Augusto Correa Street S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Souza E Silva
- LABEX (Extraction Laboratory), LABTECS (Supercritical Technology Laboratory), PPGCTA (Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Augusto Correa Street S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Gama Ortiz Menezes
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia, IFRO, Porto Velho 78900-000, RO, Brazil
| | - Ingryd Nayara de Farias Ramos
- NPO (Center for Research in Oncology), PPGOCM (Graduate Program in Oncology and Medical Sciences, ICB (Institute of Biological Sciences), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Augusto Corrêa Street S/N, Guamá, Belém 665-07900, PA, Brazil
| | - André Salim Khayat
- NPO (Oncology Research Center), ICB (Institute of Biological Sciences), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Augusto Corrêa Street S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - José de Arimateia Rodrigues do Rêgo
- LABA (Laboratory of Amazonian Biofilms), PPGCMA (Graduate Program in Sciences and Environment), ICEN (Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Augusto Corrêa Street S/.CON, Guamá, Belém 665-07900, PA, Brazil
| | - Raul Nunes de Carvalho Junior
- LABEX (Extraction Laboratory), LABTECS (Supercritical Technology Laboratory), FEA (Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Pará), Augusto Corrêa Street S/N, Guamá, Belém 665-07900, PA, Brazil
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Yue L, Luo J, Zhao C, Zhao J, Ye J, He K, Zou J. Oleanane triterpenoids with C-14 carboxyl group from Astilbe grandis inhibited LPS-induced macrophages activation by suppressing the NF- κB signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1413876. [PMID: 39148539 PMCID: PMC11324442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1413876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive inflammation poses significant risks to human physical and mental health. Astilbe grandis, a traditional Miao medicine, is renowned for its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the specific anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of many compounds within this plant remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of two characteristic oleanane triterpenoids, 3α-acetoxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (1) and 3β-acetoxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (2), isolated from Astilbe grandis, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Macrophages. Methods The anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of compounds 1 and 2 were investigated by establishing an LPS-induced inflammation model in RAW 264.7 cells and THP-1 cells. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were assessed using the Griess method. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was determined using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Additionally, the phosphorylation level of p65 in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was assessed through western blotting. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 was assessed through immunofluorescence staining. Finally, the binding affinity of the compounds to NF-κB p65 target was validated through molecular docking. Results Compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited the expression of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS in LPS-induced Macrophages. Mechanistically, they attenuated the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by downregulating the phosphorylation level and nuclear translocation of p65. Conclusion This study elucidates the anti-inflammatory activities and potential mechanism of the characteristic oleanane triterpenoids with C-14 carboxyl group, compounds 1 and 2, in LPS-induced Macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway for the first time. These findings suggest that these two compounds hold promise as potential candidates for anti-inflammatory interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinfang Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Chenliang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianghai Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Kang He
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Rullah K, Shamsudin NF, Koeberle A, Tham CL, Fasihi Mohd Aluwi MF, Leong SW, Jantan I, Lam KW. Flavonoid diversity and roles in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response of monocytes and macrophages. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:75-99. [PMID: 38205612 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mononuclear phagocytes has been explored for the treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders. However, only a few key targets have been translated into clinical applications. Flavonoids, a class of ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites, possess a privileged scaffold which serves as a valuable template for designing pharmacologically active compounds directed against diseases with inflammatory components. This perspective provides a general overview of the diversity of flavonoids and their multifaceted mechanisms that interfere with LPS-induced signaling in monocytes and macrophages. Focus is placed on flavonoids targeting MD-2, IκB kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt or modulating LPS-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Rullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farisya Shamsudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Wei Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Centre for Drug & Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yan X, Pang P, Qin C, Mi J, Yang L, Yang B, Nie G. Improvement of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) flavonoids on the antioxidant and immune performance of Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed high-carbohydrate diet. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109289. [PMID: 38104699 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
High-carbohydrate (HC) diets may lead to the deterioration of the antioxidant and immune properties of Yellow River carp and the healthy development of the industry. Studies in mammals have found that sea buckthorn flavonoids (SF) improve antioxidant and immune performance. Therefore, this study comprehensively evaluated the effects of SF on Yellow River carp using in vitro and feeding trials with an HC diet. Control (C, 27.23 %), high-carbohydrate (HC, 42.99 %), and HC + SF (0.1 %, 0.2 %, and 0.4 %) groups were studied in a 10-week aquaculture experiment. The main findings were as follows: (1) SF scavenged O2·-, ·OH, and DPPH free radicals in vitro, which gradually increased with the SF concentration. (2) The antioxidant and immune performance of Yellow River carp was enhanced by dietary supplementation with SF, which involved the regulation of activities of antioxidant and immune enzymes, as well as their changes at the transcription and protein levels. In terms of antioxidant properties, compared to the HC group, HC + SF significantly decreased the activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and the contents of H2O2 and malondialdehyde in the serum and hepatopancreas. The activities of glutathione, glutathione-Px, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant activity in the HC-diet group. In contrast, the addition of SF increased antioxidant enzyme activity. In the hepatopancreas and muscles, SF regulated and activated Nrf2-Keap1, a key signaling pathway for oxidative stress. SF significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of downstream genes (gr, ho-1, cat, and sod) regulated by nrf2. In terms of immune performance, 0.4 % SF markedly increased the activity of immune-related enzymes. SF inhibited the gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors induced by the HC diet and promoted the gene expression of anti-inflammatory factors. In addition, the resistance of Yellow River carp to Aeromonas hydrophila was enhanced by SF. In summary, SF supplementation can reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory harm caused by the HC diet and improve the antioxidant and immune performance of Yellow River carp to varying degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Research Team, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Peng Pang
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Research Team, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Chaobin Qin
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Research Team, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Jiali Mi
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Research Team, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Research Team, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Research Team, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Research Team, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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Kim JH, Hong M, Han JH, Ryu BR, Lim YS, Lim JD, Kim CH, Lee SU, Kwon TH. In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabidiol Isolated from Novel Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivar Pink Pepper. Molecules 2023; 28:6439. [PMID: 37764215 PMCID: PMC10535604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. contains more than 80 cannabinoids, among which cannabidiol (CBD) is the main neuroactive component. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of CBD in vitro and in vivo isolated from "Pink pepper", a novel hemp cultivar, by repeating the method of selecting and cultivating individuals with the highest CBD content. We investigated the effects of CBD on inflammatory markers elevated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells through Western blot and RT-PCR. In addition, we confirmed these effects through the ELISA of inflamed paw tissue of a λ-carrageenan-induced mouse edema model that received an oral administration of CBD. CBD inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB and MAPK in RAW 264.7 and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by participating in these pathways. In our in vivo study, we confirmed that CBD also inhibited the inflammatory mediators of proteins extracted from edematous mouse paw tissue. These results show that CBD isolated from "Pink pepper" exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects. These anti-inflammatory effects of CBD have pharmacological and physiological significance, highlighting the industrial value of this novel cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hui Kim
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (M.H.); (J.-H.H.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Min Hong
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (M.H.); (J.-H.H.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Joon-Hee Han
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (M.H.); (J.-H.H.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Byeong Ryeol Ryu
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (B.R.R.); (Y.S.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Young Seok Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (B.R.R.); (Y.S.L.); (J.D.L.)
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Dae Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (B.R.R.); (Y.S.L.); (J.D.L.)
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25949, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyeug Kim
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (M.H.); (J.-H.H.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Soo-Ung Lee
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (M.H.); (J.-H.H.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Tae-Hyung Kwon
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (M.H.); (J.-H.H.); (C.H.K.)
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Impellizzeri D, Siracusa R, D'Amico R, Fusco R, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Açaí berry ameliorates cognitive impairment by inhibiting NLRP3/ASC/CASP axis in STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy in mice. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:671-683. [PMID: 37584088 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00239.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes complications such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are linked to morbidity and mortality. Peripheral nerve damages in DPN are accompanied by discomfort, weakness, and sensory loss. Some drugs may demonstrate their therapeutic promise by reducing neuroinflammation, but they have side effects. Based on these considerations, the objective of this study was to examine the beneficial properties of açaí berry in a mouse model of DPN generated by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Açaí berry was given orally to diabetic and control mice every day beginning 2 wk after STZ injection. The animals were euthanized after 16 wk, and tissues from the spinal cord and sciatic nerve and urine were taken. Our findings showed that daily treatment of açaí berry at a dose of 500 mg/kg was able to prevent behavioral changes as well as mast cell activation and nerve deterioration via NOD-like receptor family pyrin-domain-containing-3 (NLRP3)/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a card (ASC)/caspase (CASP) regulation after diabetes induction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our research shows that açaí berry reduces mast cells degranulation and histological damage in diabetic neuropathy, improves physiological defense against reactive oxygen species, modulates the NLRP3/ASC/CASP axis, and ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress. Diet could help treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Genovese T, Crupi R, Interdonato L, Evangelista M, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, D'Amico R. Molecular targets for anti-oxidative protection of açaí berry against diabetes myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:339-352. [PMID: 37609799 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2243032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is the principal cause of death and occurs after prolonged blockage of the coronary arteries. Diabetes represents one of the main factors aggravating myocardial injury. Restoring blood flow is the first intervention against a heart attack, although reperfusion process could cause additional damage, such as the overproduction of reacting oxygen species (ROS). In recent years, açaí berry has gained international attention as a functional food due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; not only that but this fruit has shown glucose-lowering effects. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of açaí berry on the inflammatory and oxidative responses associated with diabetic MIRI. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intravenous inoculation of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and allowed to develop for 60 days. MIRI was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Açaí (200 mg/kg) was administered 5 min before the end of ischemia and 1 h after reperfusion. In this study, we clearly demonstrated that açaí treatment was able to reduce biomarkers of myocardial damage, infarct size, and apoptotic process. Moreover, açaí administrations reduced inflammatory and oxidative response, modulating Nf-kB and Nrf2 pathways. These results suggest that açai berry supplementation could represent a useful strategy for pathological events associated to MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Evangelista
- Institute of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Ngum JA, Tatang FJ, Toumeni MH, Nguengo SN, Simo USF, Mezajou CF, Kameni C, Ngongang NN, Tchinda MF, Dongho Dongmo FF, Akami M, Ngane Ngono AR, Tamgue O. An overview of natural products that modulate the expression of non-coding RNAs involved in oxidative stress and inflammation-associated disorders. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1144836. [PMID: 37168992 PMCID: PMC10165025 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1144836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a state in which oxidants are produced in excess in the body's tissues and cells, resulting in a biological imbalance amid the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) from redox reactions. In case of insufficient antioxidants to balance, the immune system triggers signaling cascades to mount inflammatory responses. Oxidative stress can have deleterious effects on major macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, hence, Oxidative stress and inflammation are among the multiple factors contributing to the etiology of several disorders such as diabetes, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which were once referred to as dark matter have been found to function as key regulators of gene expression through different mechanisms. They have dynamic roles in the onset and development of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases, therefore, are potential targets for the control of those diseases. One way of controlling those diseases is through the use of natural products, a rich source of antioxidants that have drawn attention with several studies showing their involvement in combating chronic diseases given their enormous gains, low side effects, and toxicity. In this review, we highlighted the natural products that have been reported to target ncRNAs as mediators of their biological effects on oxidative stress and several inflammation-associated disorders. Those natural products include Baicalein, Tanshinone IIA, Geniposide, Carvacrol/Thymol, Triptolide, Oleacein, Curcumin, Resveratrol, Solarmargine, Allicin, aqueous extract or pulp of Açai, Quercetin, and Genistein. We also draw attention to some other compounds including Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Canna genus rhizome, Fuzi-ganjiang herb pair, Aronia melanocarpa, Peppermint, and Gingerol that are effective against oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders, however, have no known effect on ncRNAs. Lastly, we touched on the many ncRNAs that were found to play a role in oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders but have not yet been investigated as targets of a natural product. Shedding more light into these two last points of shadow will be of great interest in the valorization of natural compounds in the control and therapy of oxidative stress- and inflammation-associated disorders.
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Phenolic Profile and the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea) Meal: A Prospective Study. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010086. [PMID: 36613302 PMCID: PMC9818655 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical extraction of oils from Brazilian açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart) produces significant amounts of a byproduct known as "meal", which is frequently discarded in the environment as waste material. Nevertheless, plant byproducts, especially those from oil extraction, may contain residual polyphenols in their composition and be a rich source of natural bioactive compounds. In this study, the phenolic composition and in vitro biological properties of a hydroethanolic açaí meal extract were elucidated. The major compounds tentatively identified in the extract by high-resolution mass spectrometry were anthocyanins, flavones, and flavonoids. Furthermore, rhamnocitrin is reported in an açaí byproduct for the first time. The extract showed reducing power and was effective in scavenging the ABTS radical cation (820.0 µmol Trolox equivalent∙g-1) and peroxyl radical (975.7 µmol Trolox equivalent∙g-1). NF-κB activation was inhibited at 10 or 100 µg∙mL-1 and TNF-α levels were reduced at 100 µg∙mL-1. However, the antibacterial effects against ESKAPE pathogens was not promising due to the high concentration needed (1250 or 2500 µg∙mL-1). These findings can be related to the diverse polyphenol-rich extract composition. To conclude, the polyphenol-rich extract obtained from açaí meal showed relevant biological activities that may have great applicability in the food and nutraceutical industries.
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Elbandy M. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Marine Bioactive Compounds and Their Potential as Functional Food Ingredients in the Prevention and Treatment of Neuroinflammatory Disorders. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010002. [PMID: 36615197 PMCID: PMC9822486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional foods include enhanced, enriched, fortified, or whole foods that impart health benefits beyond their nutritional value, particularly when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels. Marine sources can serve as the sources of various healthy foods and numerous functional food ingredients with biological effects can be derived from these sources. Microalgae, macroalgae, crustaceans, fungi, bacteria fish, and fish by-products are the most common marine sources that can provide many potential functional food ingredients including phenolic compounds, proteins and peptides, and polysaccharides. Neuroinflammation is closely linked with the initiation and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Activation of astrocytes and microglia is a defense mechanism of the brain to counter damaged tissues and detrimental pathogens, wherein their chronic activation triggers neuroinflammation that can further exacerbate or induce neurodegeneration. Currently, available therapeutic agents only provide symptomatic relief from these disorders and no therapies are available to stop or slow down the advancement of neurodegeneration. Thereffore, natural compounds that can exert a protective effect against these disorders have therapeutic potential. Numerous chemical compounds, including bioactive peptides, fatty acids, pigments, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, have already been isolated from marine sources that show anti-inflammatory properties, which can be effective in the treatment and prevention of neuroinflammatory disorders. The anti-inflammatory potential of marine-derived compounds as functional food ingredients in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders is covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbandy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, da Silva-Júnior EF. TNF-α Inhibitors from Natural Compounds: An Overview, CADD Approaches, and their Exploration for Anti-inflammatory Agents. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2317-2340. [PMID: 34269666 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210715165943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural process that occurs in the organism in response to harmful external agents. Despite being considered beneficial, exaggerated cases can cause severe problems for the body. The main inflammatory manifestations are pain, increased temperature, edema, decreased mobility, and quality of life for affected individuals. Diseases such as arthritis, cancer, allergies, infections, arteriosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic problems are mainly characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response. Inflammation is related to two categories of substances: pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Among the pro-inflammatory mediators is Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α). It is associated with immune diseases, cancer, and psychiatric disorders which increase its excretion. Thus, it becomes a target widely used in discovering new antiinflammatory drugs. In this context, secondary metabolites biosynthesized by plants have been used for thousands of years and continue to be one of the primary sources of new drug scaffolds against inflammatory diseases. To decrease costs related to the drug discovery process, Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) techniques are broadly explored to increase the chances of success. In this review, the main natural compounds derived from alkaloids, flavonoids, terpene, and polyphenols as promising TNF-α inhibitors will be discussed. Finally, we applied a molecular modeling protocol involving all compounds described here, suggesting that their interactions with Tyr59, Tyr119, Tyr151, Leu57, and Gly121 residues are essential for the activity. Such findings can be useful for research groups worldwide to design new anti-inflammatory TNF-α inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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Siracusa R, D’Amico R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Interdonato L, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Açai Berry Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Damage in Genitourinary Axis-Modulating Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122355. [PMID: 36552563 PMCID: PMC9774754 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is used to treat different malignancies and autoimmune disorders in men. This chemotherapy frequently reduces tumors, which is beneficial, but also causes infertility because of severe oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the bladder and testes brought on by its metabolite, acrolein. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a novel food, açai berry, in preventing CYP-induced damage in the bladder and testes. METHODS CYP was administered intraperitoneally once during the experiment at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight diluted in 10 mL/kg b.w. of water. Açai berry was administered orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg. RESULTS The administration of açai berry was able to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and histological changes in the bladder and testes after CYP injection. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show for the first time that açai berry modulates physiological antioxidant defenses to protect the bladder and testes against CYP-induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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13
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Wang SK, Chen TX, Wang W, Xu LL, Zhang YQ, Jin Z, Liu YB, Tang YZ. Aesculetin exhibited anti-inflammatory activities through inhibiting NF-кB and MAPKs pathway in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115489. [PMID: 35728711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aesculetin (6,7-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) has been reported to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory property both in vitro and in vivo. AIMS OF THIS STUDY In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect and investigated underlying molecular mechanisms of aesculetin in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and DSS-induced colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured to identify the aesculetin with potent anti-inflammatory effect. Then, the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms were explored by western blotting in LPS-induced cells. Next, we verify the anti-inflammatory potential of aesculetin in DSS-induced colitis in vivo. The clinical symptoms of colitis, including weight loss, DAI, colon length and MPO activity, and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 were evaluated. Finally, Western blot analysis was applied to further investigate underlying mechanism in DSS-induced colitis model. RESULTS Our studies showed that aesculetin exhibited anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production and reducing iNOS and NLRP3 expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Mechanically, we found that aesculetin significantly inhibited LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. In DSS-induced mouse model, the colitis-related symptoms were relieved by treatment with aesculetin. Besides, aesculetin also inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, and the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways in DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS The anti-inflammatory effect of aesculetin was connected with its inhibition on the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, aesculetin was expected to be developed as an anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ting-Xiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ling-Ling Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - You-Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510440, China.
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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14
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D'Amico R, Impellizzeri D, Genovese T, Fusco R, Peritore AF, Crupi R, Interdonato L, Franco G, Marino Y, Arangia A, Gugliandolo E, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Siracusa R, Cordaro M. Açai Berry Mitigates Parkinson's Disease Progression Showing Dopaminergic Neuroprotection via Nrf2-HO1 Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6519-6533. [PMID: 35970975 PMCID: PMC9463222 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The current pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is focused on symptom alleviation rather than disease prevention. In this study, we look at a new strategy to neuroprotection that focuses on nutrition, by a supplementation with Açai berry in an experimental models of PD. Daily orally supplementation with Açai berry dissolved in saline at the dose of 500 mg/kg considerably reduced motor and non-motor symptom and neuronal cell death of the dopaminergic tract induced by 4 injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Furthermore, Açai berry administration reduced α-synuclein aggregation in neurons, enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter activities, and avoided dopamine depletion. Moreover, Açai berry administration was able to reduce astrogliosis and microgliosis as well as neuronal death. Its beneficial effects could be due to its bioactive phytochemical components that are able to stimulate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by counteracting the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that are the basis of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianluca Franco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Arangia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
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15
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Morais RA, Teixeira GL, Ferreira SRS, Cifuentes A, Block JM. Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds of Native Brazilian Fruits of the Arecaceae Family and Its Potential Applications for Health Promotion. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194009. [PMID: 36235663 PMCID: PMC9571529 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruits from the Arecaceae family, although being rich in bioactive compounds with potential benefits to health, have been underexplored. Studies on their composition, bioactive compounds, and effects of their consumption on health are also scarce. This review presents the composition of macro- and micronutrients, and bioactive compounds of fruits of the Arecaceae family such as bacaba, patawa, juçara, açaí, buriti, buritirana, and butiá. The potential use and reported effects of its consumption on health are also presented. The knowledge of these underutilized fruits is important to encourage production, commercialization, processing, and consumption. It can also stimulate their full use and improve the economy and social condition of the population where these fruits are found. Furthermore, it may help in future research on the composition, health effects, and new product development. Arecaceae fruits presented in this review are currently used as raw materials for producing beverages, candies, jams, popsicles, ice creams, energy drinks, and edible oils. The reported studies show that they are rich in phenolic compounds, carotenoids, anthocyanins, tocopherols, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids. Moreover, the consumption of these compounds has been associated with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antiobesity, and cardioprotective effects. These fruits have potential to be used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Despite their potential, some of them, such as buritirana and butiá, have been little explored and limited research has been conducted on their composition, biological effects, and applications. Therefore, more detailed investigations on the composition and mechanism of action based on in vitro and/or in vivo studies are needed for fruits from the Arecaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Alves Morais
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Gerson Lopes Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil
| | | | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Jane Mara Block
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.M.B.)
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16
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Huang X, Cao Q, Chen C, Xie Z, Fan J. Beneficial effects of fermented barley extracts on inflammatory status and gut microbiota in high fat diet induced obese rats. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3708-3718. [PMID: 36082438 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore how fermented barley extracts could affect obesity-associated inflammatory responses to ameliorate HFD-induced obesity, and investigate whether their anti-inflammatory properties were affected by modulating the gut microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four male rats were assigned randomly to three groups for 8 weeks. Inflammatory status and gut microbiota in HFD-induced obese rats were measured by ELISA and 16sRNA sequencing technology. The dietary supplementation of LFBE reduced HFD induced obesity and improved insulin sensitivity. LFBE significantly decreased the levels of LPS and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1), and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in serum. In addition, LFBE suppressed the activation of NF-κB by inhibiting inhibitor of NF-κB alpha degradation and phosphorylation of JNK/p38 MAPKs in adipose tissue. Combined with changes in gut microbiota, these results illustrated that LFBE treatment markedly decreased the proportion of the LPS-producing opportunistic pathogens and increased the proportion of Bifidobacterium. CONCLUSIONS Administration of LFBE has beneficial effects on ameliorating HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance, lessening HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THIS STUDY The results suggest that fermented barley extracts may be a useful functional compound and beneficial to improve inflammatory status and gut microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Huang
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, 212400, Jurong, China
| | - Qingguo Cao
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, 212400, Jurong, China
| | - Cen Chen
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, 212400, Jurong, China
| | - Zhenglin Xie
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, 212400, Jurong, China
| | - Jinshan Fan
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, 212400, Jurong, China
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17
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Lesser-Consumed Tropical Fruits and Their by-Products: Phytochemical Content and Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173663. [PMID: 36079920 PMCID: PMC9460136 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Açaí, lychee, mamey, passion fruit and jackfruit are some lesser-consumed tropical fruits due to their low commercial production. In 2018, approximately 6.8 million tons of these fruits were harvested, representing about 6.35% of the total world production of tropical fruits. The present work reviews the nutritional content, profile of bioactive compounds, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of these fruits and their by-products, and their ability to modulate oxidative stress due to the content of phenolic compounds, carotenoids and dietary fiber. Açaí pulp is an excellent source of anthocyanins (587 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents/100 g dry weight, dw), mamey pulp is rich in carotenoids (36.12 mg β-carotene/100 g fresh weight, fw), passion fruit peel is rich in dietary fiber (61.16 g/100 dw). At the same time, jackfruit contains unique compounds such as moracin C, artocarpesin, norartocarpetin and oxyresveratrol. These molecules play an important role in the regulation of inflammation via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (including p38, ERK and JNK) and nuclear factor κB pathways. The properties of the bioactive compounds found in these fruits make them a good source for use as food ingredients for nutritional purposes or alternative therapies. Research is needed to confirm their health benefits that can increase their marketability, which can benefit the primary producers, processing industries (particularly smaller ones) and the final consumer, while an integral use of their by-products will allow their incorporation into the circular bioeconomy.
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18
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Impellizzeri D, D’Amico R, Fusco R, Genovese T, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Interdonato L, Di Paola D, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Siracusa R, Cordaro M. Açai Berry Mitigates Vascular Dementia-Induced Neuropathological Alterations Modulating Nrf-2/Beclin1 Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162616. [PMID: 36010690 PMCID: PMC9406985 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The second-most common cause of dementia is vascular dementia (VaD). The majority of VaD patients experience cognitive impairment, which is brought on by oxidative stress and changes in autophagic function, which ultimately result in neuronal impairment and death. In this study, we examine a novel method for reversing VaD-induced changes brought on by açai berry supplementation in a VaD mouse model. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of açai berries on the molecular mechanisms underlying VaD in a mouse model of the disease that was created by repeated ischemia-reperfusion (IR) of the whole bilateral carotid artery. Here, we found that açai berry was able to reduce VaD-induced behavioral alteration, as well as hippocampal death, in CA1 and CA3 regions. These effects are probably due to the modulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and Beclin-1, suggesting a possible crosstalk between these molecular pathways. In conclusion, the protective effects of açai berry could be a good supplementation in the future for the management of vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.D.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: (R.D.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Health Benefits and Pharmacological Aspects of Chrysoeriol. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080973. [PMID: 36015121 PMCID: PMC9415049 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A flavone, chrysoeriol is synthetized in several plant species. It comes from several natural sources, especially medicinal plants. The identification and isolation of this compound has been carried out and verified by several research teams using different spectral methods. It seems that the concentration of this molecule is variable and fluctuating depending on the source, the part extracted, the region, and the methods of extraction and characterization. The aim of this paper is to highlight the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of chrysoeriol and to provide insight into its pharmacokinetics. Anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-osteoporosis, anti-insecticide, and neuroprotective actions have been shown in a number of studies on this chemical. Different mechanisms in theses pharmacological effects include subcellular, cellular, and molecular targets. In vivo pharmacokinetic analysis has proved the good stability of this molecule, showing its promising potential to prevent or treat diseases including cancer, diabetes, inflammation, osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Amazonian Guarana- and Açai-Conjugated Extracts Improve Scratched Fibroblast Healing and Eisenia fetida Surgical Tail Amputation by Modulating Oxidative Metabolism. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3094362. [PMID: 35795860 PMCID: PMC9251138 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3094362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested that guarana (Paullinia cupana) and açai (Euterpe oleracea) have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and proliferative properties, indicating their potential therapeutic action in wound healing. We produced a conjugated guarana-açai (GA) extract and tested its healing action on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) subjected to tail amputation by surgical incision. Methods Extract from roasted guarana seeds and fresh açai seed berries was produced. The antioxidant and genoprotective capacity of GA extract was tested. The concentration with the most remarkable healing potential was used in subsequent tests. The last three posterior segments of the clitellate earthworm tail reared under standardized conditions were surgically amputated. Next, topical PBS or GA extract was applied to the surgical wound. The rate of cell migration and tissue regeneration at the local wound site was histologically evaluated after the procedure. Expression of the SOX4 gene that acts in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition was determined by RT-qPCR. Results Sixteen bioactive molecules, including some previously described substances, were identified. All tested concentrations exhibited antioxidant and genoprotective effects. The GA extract accelerated the healing processes as observed through macroscopic and histological analyses and increased expression of SOX4. Conclusion The GA extract has a potential role in the healing of surgically induced wounds.
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Cho SM, Park DW, Lee YG, Jeong YJ, Jeon H, Seo YJ, Kim H, Kang SC. Anti-varicella zoster virus and related anti-inflammation effects of ethanolic extract of Elaeocarpus sylvestris. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 287:114951. [PMID: 34958877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus (ES), a plant that grows in Taiwan, Japan, and Jeju Island in Korea. ES root bark, known as "sanduyoung," has long been used in traditional oriental medicine. ES is also traditionally used to treat anxiety, asthma, arthritis, stress, depression, palpitation, nerve pain, epilepsy, migraine, hypertension, liver diseases, diabetes, and malaria. However, lack of efficacy and mechanism studies on ES. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we aim to investigate the VZV-antiviral efficacy, pain suppression, and the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of ES. METHODS and methods: Inhibition of VZV was evaluated by hollow fiber assays. Analgesic and antipyretic experiments were conducted using ICR mice and SD Rats, and anti-inflammatory experiments were conducted using Raw264.7 cells. RESULTS To evaluate the efficacy of ESE against VZV, we conducted antiviral tests. ESE inhibited cell death by disrupting virus and gene expression related to invasion and replication. In addition, ESE suppressed the pain response as measured by writhing and formalin tests and suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory fever. Further, ESE inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB and NF-κB in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells and expression of COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. CONCLUSION E. sylvestris shows potential as a source of medicine. ESE had a direct effect on VZV and an inhibitory effect on the pain and inflammation caused by VZV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Min Cho
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joon Jeong
- Research Institute, Genencell Co. Ltd., Yongin, 16950, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelin Jeon
- Research Institute, Genencell Co. Ltd., Yongin, 16950, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunggun Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea; BioMedical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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22
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ALNasser MN, Mellor IR. Neuroprotective activities of acai berries (Euterpe sp.): A review. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions rich in fruits and vegetables in aging people can reverse or mitigate age-related cognitive declines, delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), and provide long-term health dividends. The novel food, popularly known as "Acai", is a berry belonging to the Euterpe genus of tropical palms trees and natively found in South America. Euterpe oleracea has been given much attention among scientists due to its high antioxidant capacity compared to other fruits and berries. Additionally, acai pulp composition analysis found that it contains various biologically active phytochemicals. In this review, we focused on current evidence relating to acai berry neuroprotection mechanisms and its efficacy in preventing or reversing neurodegeneration and age-related cognitive decline. A number of studies have illustrated the potential neuroprotective properties of acai berries. They have shown that their chemical extracts have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and maintain proteins, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial function. Moreover, acai berry extract offers other neuromodulatory mechanisms, including anticonvulsant, antidepressant, and anti-aging properties. This neuromodulation gives valuable insights into the acai pulp and its considerable pharmacological potential on critical brain areas involved in memory and cognition. The isolated chemical matrix of acai berries could be a new substitute in research for NDD medicine development. However, due to the limited number of investigations, there is a need for further efforts to establish studies that enable progressing to clinical trials to consequently prove and ratify the therapeutic potential of this berry for several incurable NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam N. ALNasser
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ian R. Mellor
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Wang J, Ge W, Peng X, Yuan L, He S, Fu X. Investigating the active compounds and mechanism of HuaShi XuanFei formula for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis. Mol Divers 2022; 26:1175-1190. [PMID: 34105049 PMCID: PMC8187140 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has exerted positive effects in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. HuaShi XuanFei Formula (HSXFF) was developed to treat patients with mild and general COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province, China. The present study seeks to explore its potentially active compounds and pharmacological mechanisms against COVID-19 based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. All components of HSXFF were harvested from the pharmacology database of the TCMSP system. COVID-19-related targets were retrieved from using OMIM and GeneCards databases. The herb-compound-targets network was constructed by Cytoscape. The target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed to discover the potential key target genes and mechanism. The main active compounds of HSXFF were docked with 3C-like (3CL) protease hydrolase and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The MD simulation confirmed the binding stability of docking results. The herbs-targets network mainly contained 52 compounds and 70 corresponding targets, including key targets such as RELA, TNF, TP53, IL6, MAPK1, CXCL8, IL-1β, and MAPK14. The GO and KEGG indicated that HSXFF may be mainly acting on the IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, etc. The molecular docking results indicated that isovitexin and procyanidin B1 showed the highest affinity with 3CL and ACE2, respectively, which were confirmed by MD simulation. These findings suggested HSXFF exerted therapeutic effects involving "multi-compounds and multi-targets." It might be working through directly inhibiting the virus, improving immune function, and reducing the inflammatory in response to anti-COVID-19. In summary, the present study would provide a valuable direction for further research of HSXFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ge
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixia Yuan
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaibing He
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
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24
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Antonio AS, Franco LO, Cardoso SRS, Dos Santos GRC, Pereira HMG, Wiedemann LSM, Ferreira PCG, Veiga-Junior VF. Chemical variability of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. from environmentally contrasting populations. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35236187 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2043856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. is recognised as one of most famous medicinal and economic species of Copaiba, occurring in several distinct biomes. An untargeted metabolomic approach was used to evaluate the chemical variability of C. langsdorffii from contrasting climates biomes (Atlantic Rainflorest and the semiarid Cerrado). Metabolomic analysis enabled the identification of 11 compounds, including glycosylated flavonoids and galloylquinic acid derivatives. Multivariate analysis highlighted that Cerrado population had a significantly higher concentrations of galloylquinic acid derivatives in comparison to the rainforest biome. Meanwhile, Atlantic Rainforest populations presented higher content of flavonols. Semiarid biome, reduced the concentration of flavonoids, mainly concerning quercetin and kaempferol derivatives, however, in this biome flavonoids were more diverse. Both chemical classes presented relevance to be used as geographical origin chemical markers by qualitative and quantitative features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda S Antonio
- Departmento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Coroado, Manaus, AM, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Laboratório Brasileiro de Controle de Doping (LBCD - LADETEC, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Horácio Macedo, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana O Franco
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Diretoria de Pesquisa Científica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Ricardo S Cardoso
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Diretoria de Pesquisa Científica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R C Dos Santos
- Instituto de Química, Laboratório Brasileiro de Controle de Doping (LBCD - LADETEC, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Horácio Macedo, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Henrique Marcelo G Pereira
- Instituto de Química, Laboratório Brasileiro de Controle de Doping (LBCD - LADETEC, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Horácio Macedo, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Larissa S M Wiedemann
- Departmento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Coroado, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Paulo C G Ferreira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valdir F Veiga-Junior
- Departmento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Coroado, Manaus, AM, Brazil.,Seção de Engenharia Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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25
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Herbal buccal films with in vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Oliveira KRHM, Torres MLM, Kauffmann N, de Azevedo Ataíde BJ, de Souza Franco Mendes N, dos Anjos LM, dos Santos Borges R, Bahia CP, Leão LKR, da Conceição Fonseca Passos A, Herculano AM, de Jesus Oliveira Batista E. Euterpe oleracea fruit (Açai)-enriched diet suppresses the development of experimental cerebral malaria induced by Plasmodium berghei (ANKA) infection. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:11. [PMID: 35016657 PMCID: PMC8751313 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral malaria is one of the most severe complications attributed to protozoal infection by Plasmodium falciparum, gaining prominence in children mortality rates in endemic areas. This condition has a complex pathogenesis associated with behavioral, cognitive and motor sequels in humans and current antimalarial therapies have shown little effect in those aspects. Natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have become a valuable alternative therapeutic option in the treatment of distinct conditions. In this context, this study investigated the neuroprotective effect of Euterpe oleracea (açai) enriched diet during the development of experimental cerebral malaria induced by the inoculation of Swiss albino mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. Methods After Plasmodium infection, animals were maintained on a feeding with Euterpe oleracea enriched ration and parameters such as survival curve, parasitemia and body weight were routinely monitored. The present study has also evaluated the effect of açai-enriched diet on the blood-brain barrier leakage, histological alterations and neurocognitive impairments in mice developing cerebral malaria. Results Our results demonstrate that between 7th–19th day post infection the survival rate of the group treated with açai enriched ration was higher when compared with Plasmodium-infected mice in which 100% of mice died until the 11th days post-infection, demonstrating that açai diet has a protective effect on the survival of infected treated animals. The same was observed in the brain vascular extravasation, where Evans blue dye assays showed significantly less dye extravasation in the brains of Plasmodium-infected mice treated with açai enriched ration, demonstrating more preserved blood-brain barrier integrity. Açai-enriched diet also attenuate the histopathological alterations elicited by Plasmodium berghei infection. We also showed a decrease of the neurological impairments arising from the exposure of cerebral parenchyma in the group treated with açai diet, ameliorating motor and neuropsychiatric changes, analyzed through the SHIRPA protocol. Conclusion With these results, we conclude that the treatment with açai enriched ration decreased the mortality of infected animals, as well as protected the blood-brain barrier and the neurocognitive deficits in Plasmodium-infected animals.
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Wang K, Lu X, Li X, Zhang Y, Xu R, Lou Y, Wang Y, Zhang T, Qian Y. Dual protective role of velutin against articular cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone loss via the p38 signaling pathway in murine osteoarthritis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:926934. [PMID: 35937813 PMCID: PMC9354239 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.926934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint condition associated with inflammation and characterized by progressive degradation of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone loss in the early stages. Inflammation is closely associated with these two major pathophysiological changes in OA. Velutin, a flavonoid family member, reportedly exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, the therapeutic effects of velutin in OA have not yet been characterized. In this study, we explore the effects of velutin in an OA mouse model. Histological staining and micro-CT revealed that velutin had a protective effect against cartilage degradation and subchondral bone loss in an OA mouse model generated by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Additionally, velutin rescued IL-1β-induced inflammation in chondrocytes and inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro. Mechanistically, the p38 signaling pathway was found to be implicated in the inhibitory effects of velutin. Our study reveals the dual protective effects of velutin against cartilage degradation and subchondral bone loss by inhibiting the p38 signaling pathway, thereby highlighting velutin as an alternative treatment for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuanyuan Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rongjian Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yun Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Yanben Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Qian,
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28
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1125-1132. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Hossain MA, Sharfaraz A, Hasan MI, Somadder PD, Haque MA, Sarker MR, Alam MM, Wasaf Hasan AM, Sohel M, Rahman MH. Molecular docking and pharmacology study to explore bio-active compounds and underlying mechanisms of Caesalpinia bonducella on polycystic ovarian syndrome. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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30
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Tatipamula VB, Kukavica B. Phenolic compounds as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agents and improvement of their bioavailability by liposomes. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:926-944. [PMID: 34498277 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds, widespread in plants, are a necessary part of the human regimen due to their antioxidant and pro-oxidative properties. Naturally, phenolics structurally range from a very simple phenolic molecule moiety to an intricate polymer. For decades, phenolic compounds have gained pronounced attention because of their protective effects against degenerative disorders such as inflammation, diabetes and cancer. Physico-chemical properties (eg, solubility) restricted their bioactivity and also limited their usage as nutraceutical ingredients. However, encapsulation technology like liposomal formulations has been developed for the delivery of phenolic compounds without affecting their original aesthetic and organoleptic property. Hence, this review outlines the antioxidant and pro-oxidative properties of phenolic compounds and focuses on biological activity reports of flavonoids and phenolic acids as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. Also, the delivery applications of phenolic compounds as liposomes are discussed with few examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Biljana Kukavica
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Lin HH, Hsieh MC, Wang CP, Yu PR, Lee MS, Chen JH. Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of Gossypetin on Abnormal Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091357. [PMID: 34572989 PMCID: PMC8470489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gossypetin (GTIN), known as 3,5,7,8,3′,4′-hexahydroxyflavone, has been demonstrated to exert anti-atherosclerotic potential against apoptotic injury in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-incubated endothelial cells, and atherosclerotic lesions of cholesterol-fed rabbits. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of GTIN on abnormal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and migration, a major event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, is still unknown. In this study, non-cytotoxic doses of GTIN abolished the VSMCs A7r5 proliferation and cell-cycle S phase distribution. The GTIN-arrested G0/G1 phase might be performed by increasing the expressions of phosphorylated p53 and its downstream molecules that inhibit the activation of cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)-2, blocking retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation and the subsequent dissociation of Rb/transcription factor E2F1 complex. In addition, the results indicated that GTIN inhibited VSMCs wound-healing and migratory abilities through reducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity and expression, as well as down-regulating protein kinase B (PKB)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling. GTIN also revealed potential in diminishing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. These findings suggested the inhibitory effects of GTIN on VSMCs dysfunction could likely lead to the containment of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (M.-C.H.); (C.-P.W.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (M.-C.H.); (C.-P.W.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ping Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (M.-C.H.); (C.-P.W.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Rong Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Shih Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (M.-C.H.); (C.-P.W.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-S.L.); (J.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12404) (M.-S.L.); +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12195) (J.-H.C.)
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (M.-S.L.); (J.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12404) (M.-S.L.); +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12195) (J.-H.C.)
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Gour A, Manhas D, Bag S, Gorain B, Nandi U. Flavonoids as potential phytotherapeutics to combat cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4258-4283. [PMID: 33786876 PMCID: PMC8250405 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, COVID-19, has become the global panic since December 2019, which urges the global healthcare professionals to identify novel therapeutics to counteract this pandemic. So far, there is no approved treatment available to control this public health issue; however, a few antiviral agents and repurposed drugs support the patients under medical supervision by compromising their adverse effects, especially in emergency conditions. Only a few vaccines have been approved to date. In this context, several plant natural products-based research studies are evidenced to play a crucial role in immunomodulation that can prevent the chances of infection as well as combat the cytokine release storm (CRS) generated during COVID-19 infection. In this present review, we have focused on flavonoids, especially epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, hesperidin, naringenin, quercetin, rutin, luteolin, baicalin, diosmin, ge nistein, biochanin A, and silymarin, which can counteract the virus-mediated elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines leading to multiple organ failure. In addition, a comprehensive discussion on available in silico, in vitro, and in vivo findings with critical analysis has also been evaluated, which might pave the way for further development of phytotherapeutics to identify the potential lead candidatetoward effective and safe management of the SARS-CoV-2 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gour
- PK‐PD, Toxicology and Formulation DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Integrative MedicineJammuIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Diksha Manhas
- PK‐PD, Toxicology and Formulation DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Integrative MedicineJammuIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Swarnendu Bag
- Proteomics DivisionCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesTaylor's UniversitySubang JayaMalaysia
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK‐PD, Toxicology and Formulation DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Integrative MedicineJammuIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
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Xiong J, Matta FV, Grace M, Lila MA, Ward NI, Felipe-Sotelo M, Esposito D. Phenolic content, anti-inflammatory properties, and dermal wound repair properties of industrially processed and non-processed acai from the Brazilian Amazon. Food Funct 2021; 11:4903-4914. [PMID: 32495808 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03109j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acai fruit is recognized for its health promoting properties. However, there is still a need to address the effects of industrial processing on this fruit. In this study, phenolic content, anti-inflammatory properties and dermal wound repair properties of 20 acai samples, before and after industrial processing, from various Amazon regions were investigated. Acai pulp was rich in total phenolics (18.9-58.8 mg g-1) and proanthocyanins (9.8-43.1 mg g-1), but contained trace anthocyanins (up to 0.1 mg g-1). Industrially processed samples lost substantial amounts of proanthocyanidins (up to 83.2%), while the anthocyanins inherently present were greatly enriched after processing (20-fold higher). Non-processed acai pulp extracts protected against early inflammation response which was correlated with proanthocyanidins, by significantly inhibiting nitric oxide production and suppressing pro-inflammatory gene expression including interleukin-1β, cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and interleukin-6. The promotion of dermal wound repair of acai seed and pulp extracts was mainly contributed by anthocyanins and other bioactive compounds. The anti-inflammatory effect was diminished but wound healing effect was retained after pulp processing, suggesting the processing technology needs to be improved to maintain biological properties of acai fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xiong
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. and Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA and Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Fernanda V Matta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU27XH, UK
| | - Mary Grace
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Neil I Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU27XH, UK
| | | | - Debora Esposito
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. and Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Cadoná FC, de Souza DV, Fontana T, Bodenstein DF, Ramos AP, Sagrillo MR, Salvador M, Mota K, Davidson CB, Ribeiro EE, Andreazza AC, Machado AK. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) as a Potential Anti-neuroinflammatory Agent: NLRP3 Priming and Activating Signal Pathway Modulation. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4460-4476. [PMID: 34021869 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders have been demonstrated to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. This impairment may lead to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, specifically promoted by NLRP3 expression. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has been studied in this field, since it presents important biological activities. We investigated açaí extract's anti-neuroinflammatory capacity, through NLRP3 inflammasome modulation. Microglia (EOC 13.31) were exposed to LPS and nigericin, as agents of inflammatory induction, and treated with açaí extract. Additionally, we used lithium (Li) as an anti-inflammatory control. Three different experiment models were conducted: (1) isolated NLRP3 priming and activation signals; (2) combined NLRP3 priming and activation signals followed by açaí extract as a therapeutic agent; and (3) combined NLRP3 priming and activation signals with açaí extract as a preventive agent. Cells exposed to 0.1 µg/mL of LPS presented high proliferation and increased levels of NO, and ROS, while 0.1 µg/mL of açaí extract was capable to reduce cellular proliferation and recover levels of NO and ROS. Primed and activated cells presented increased levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β, while açaí, Li, and orientin treatments reversed this impairment. We found that açaí, Li, and orientin were effective prophylactic treatments. Preventative treatment with Li and orientin was unable to avoid overexpression of IL-1β compared to the positive control. However, orientin downregulated NLRP3 and caspase-1. Lastly, primed and activated cells impaired ATP production, which was prevented by pre-treatment with açaí, Li, and orientin. In conclusion, we suggest that açaí could be a potential agent to treat or prevent neuropsychiatric diseases related to neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Carla Cadoná
- Graduate Program in Health and Life Sciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diulie Valente de Souza
- Graduate Program in Nanoscience, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Genetics, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tuyla Fontana
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Genetics, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - David Frederick Bodenstein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4211, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | | | - Mirian Salvador
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Kennya Mota
- Third Age Open University Foundation, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Euler Esteves Ribeiro
- Third Age Open University Foundation, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4211, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Alencar Kolinski Machado
- Graduate Program in Nanoscience, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Genetics, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Velutin and Its Analogs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103033. [PMID: 34069624 PMCID: PMC8160911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Velutin, one of the flavones contained in natural plants, has various beneficial activities, such as skin whitening, as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. However, the relationship between the structure of velutin and its anti-melanogenesis activity is not yet investigated. In this study, we obtained 12 velutin derivatives substituted at C5, C7, C3′, and C4′ of the flavone backbone with hydrogen, hydroxyl, and methoxy functionalities by chemical synthesis, to perform SAR analysis of velutin structural analogues. The SAR study revealed that the substitution of functional groups at C5, C7, C3′, and C4′ of the flavone backbone affects biological activities related to melanin synthesis. The coexistence of hydroxyl and methoxy at the C5 and C7 position is essential for inhibiting tyrosinase activity. However, 1,2-diol compounds substituted at C3′ and C4′ of flavone backbone induce apoptosis of melanoma cells. Further, substitution at C3′ and C4′ with methoxy or hydrogen is essential for inhibiting melanogenesis. Thus, this study would be helpful for the development of natural-derived functional materials to regulate melanin synthesis.
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Li Z, Feng J, Yang S, Meng P, Li J, Li H, Gao X, Zhang Y. Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human peritoneal mesothelial cells is controlled by ERK1/2-CDK5-PPARγ axis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:850. [PMID: 34164484 PMCID: PMC8184493 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Peritonitis is a common complication in which the peritoneum becomes inflamed. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonists and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) inactivation have been found to restore damage caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS) inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the association between PPARγ and ERK1/2 in LPS-induced inflammation in peritonitis. Methods Human peritoneal mesothelial cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium and treated with LPS under a series of different concentrations and treatment times. Cellular interleukins-1βeta (IL-1β), cellular interleukins-6 (IL-6), cellular interleukins-12 (IL-12) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. Expression or activation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)5, ERK1/2, and PPARγ was detected using quantitative real-time PCR and/or western blot. Results LPS induced dose- and time-dependent increments in the cellular IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 contents, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) expression, and PPARγSer273 phosphorylation. Treatment with 1 µg/mL LPS for 12 hours was the optimal experimental design for inflammation stimulation. The concentration of LPS over 1 µg/mL or treatment more than 12 hours reduced the inflammatory status. LPS stimulation also activated ERK1/2 and increased its interaction with CDK5. Further, ERK1/2 inhibition by AZD0364 prevented IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and CDK5 expression, as well as activation of ERK1/2 and phosphorylation of PPARγ, induced by LPS. Knockdown of CDK5 using its siRNA caused similar changes as AZD0364, minus ERK1/2 inactivation. Conclusions Our results suggested that LPS-induced inflammation in human peritoneal mesothelial cells can be partly suppressed by inhibiting the ERK1/2/CDK5/PPARγ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zukai Li
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxia Feng
- The Central Laboratory, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Meng
- The Central Laboratory, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingchun Li
- The Central Laboratory, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
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An Overview on the Conservative Management of Endometriosis from a Naturopathic Perspective: Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030587. [PMID: 33804660 PMCID: PMC8003677 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic and debilitating disease, which affects millions of young women worldwide. Although medicine has incontestably evolved in the last years, there is no common ground regarding the early and accurate diagnosis of this condition, its pathogenic mechanisms, and curative treatment. Even though the spontaneous resolution of endometriosis is sometimes possible, recent reports suggested that it can be a progressive condition. It can associate chronic pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, infertility, or malignant degenerescence. Conventional treatments could produce many side effects, and despite treatment, the symptoms may reappear. In recent years, experimental evidence suggested that plant-based medicine could exert beneficial effects on endometriosis and endometriosis-related symptoms. This study aims to highlight the pharmaceutical activity of phytochemicals and medicinal plants against endometriosis and to provide a source of information regarding the alternative treatment of this condition. Methods: For this review, we performed a research using PubMed, GoogleScholar, and CrossRef databases. We selected the articles published between January 2000 and July 2020, written in English. Results: We found 17 medicinal plants and 13 phytochemicals, which have demonstrated their beneficial effects against endometriosis. Several of their biological activities consist of antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory effects, and oxidative-stress reduction. Conclusion: Medicinal herbs and their bioactive compounds exhibit antiangiogenic, antioxidant, sedative and pain-alleviating properties and the effects recorded until now encourage their use for the conservative management of endometriosis.
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Lavorato VN, Miranda DCD, Isoldi MC, Drummond FR, Soares LL, Reis ECC, Pelúzio MDCG, Pedrosa ML, Silva ME, Natali AJ. Effects of aerobic exercise training and açai supplementation on cardiac structure and function in rats submitted to a high-fat diet. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110168. [PMID: 33642024 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise training (AET) and supplementation with açai on cardiac structure and function in rats submitted to a high-fat diet. Two-month old Fischer male rats were divided into 5 groups: Control (C), High-fat Diet (H), High-fat Diet + Açai (HA), High-fat Diet + AET (HT), High-fat Diet + Açai + AET (HAT). The high-fat diet had 21.8% lard and 1% cholesterol (H and HT), or supplemented with 1% lyophilized açai pulp (HA and HAT). The HT and HAT groups performed AET on a treadmill (5 days/week, 1 h/day, 60% of the maximum running speed) for 8 weeks. Exercise tolerance test were performed, and adiposity index calculated. After euthanasia, the left ventricle (LV) was dissected and processed for histological, single myocyte intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transient and contractility, oxidative stress and gene expression analysis. AET improved running capacity and reduced the adiposity index. Both AET and açai supplementation inhibited the increase in the LV collagen content, the deleterious effects on the [Ca2+]i transient and contractility in cardiomyocytes and the increment in oxidative stress, caused by the consumption of a high-fat diet. Aerobic exercise training and açai supplementation can mitigate damage caused by high-fat diet in cardiac structure and function, though the combination of treatments had no additional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Neiva Lavorato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Mauro César Isoldi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Filipe Rios Drummond
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leôncio Lopes Soares
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Maria Lúcia Pedrosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio José Natali
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Das S, Mukherjee S, Chakrabarty S, Chattopadhyay N. Hydroxyl Group-Directed Solvation of Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Probes in Water: A Demonstration from the Fluorescence Anisotropy of Hydroxyflavones. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:57-64. [PMID: 33166155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation of a probe-solvent network resulting in unusually high fluorescence anisotropy (FA) of an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) probe, 3-hydroxyflavone (3HF), in water prompted us to explore the solvation patterns on its 7-hydroxy (7HF) and 6-hydroxy (6HF) positional analogues. In the present study, it was observed that 7HF exhibits a lower FA than 3HF does in water, implying that the volume of the 7HF-water cluster is less than that of the 3HF-water cluster. Experimental and computational results led us to propose that 7HF forms its water cluster at the molecular periphery in contrast to the projected-out structure in case of the 3HF-water cluster. Density functional theory (DFT)-based quantum chemical calculations provide an approach for the differential solvation patterns of 3HF and 7HF. 6HF, a non-ESIPT probe, exhibits very low FA in water compared with both 3HF and 7HF. This study demonstrates that proper positioning of the hydroxyl group and its participation in the extended π-conjugation within the molecule dictate the formation of the solvated cluster endorsing directed solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Shounak Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Suman Chakrabarty
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata 700 106, India
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Xin YJ, Choi S, Roh KB, Cho E, Ji H, Weon JB, Park D, Whang WK, Jung E. Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Mechanism of Isookanin, Isolated by Bioassay-Guided Fractionation from Bidens pilosa L. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020255. [PMID: 33419109 PMCID: PMC7825412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) has been used historically in traditional Asian medicine and is known to have a variety of biological effects. However, the specific active compounds responsible for the individual pharmacological effects of Bidens pilosa L. (B. pilosa) extract have not yet been made clear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory phytochemicals obtained from B. pilosa. We isolated a flavonoids-type phytochemical, isookanin, from B. pilosa through bioassay-guided fractionation based on its capacity to inhibit inflammation. Some of isookanin’s biological properties have been reported; however, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of isookanin has not yet been studied. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of isookanin using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. We have shown that isookanin reduces the production of proinflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2) by inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Isookanin also inhibited the expression of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and downregulated the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in the MAPK signaling pathway. Additionally, isookanin inhibited proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)) in LPS-induced THP-1 cells. These results demonstrate that isookanin could be a potential therapeutic candidate for inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ji Xin
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Soojung Choi
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Kyung-Baeg Roh
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Eunae Cho
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Hyanggi Ji
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Jin Bae Weon
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Wan Kyunn Whang
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.K.W.); (E.J.); Tel.: +82-70-5117-0043 (E.J.)
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.-J.X.); (S.C.); (K.-B.R.); (E.C.); (H.J.); (J.B.W.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: (W.K.W.); (E.J.); Tel.: +82-70-5117-0043 (E.J.)
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Rajendran K, Chellappan DR, Sankaranarayanan S, Ramakrishnan V, Krishnan UM. Investigations on a polyherbal formulation for treatment of cognitive impairment in a cholinergic dysfunctional rodent model. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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de Souza DV, Pappis L, Bandeira TT, Sangoi GG, Fontana T, Rissi VB, Sagrillo MR, Duarte MM, Duarte T, Bodenstein DF, Andreazza AC, Cruz IBMD, Ribeiro EE, Antoniazzi A, Ourique AF, Machado AK. Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) presents anti-neuroinflammatory capacity in LPS-activated microglia cells. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1188-1199. [PMID: 33170113 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1842044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropsychiatric diseases are responsible for one of the highest burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These illnesses include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. Individuals affected by these diseases may present mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Additionally, patients also have increased peripheral and neural chronic inflammation. The Brazilian fruit, açaí, has been demonstrated to be a neuroprotective agent through its recovery of mitochondrial complex I activity. This extract has previously shown anti-inflammatory effects in inflammatory cells. However, there is a lack of understanding of potential anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms, such as cell cycle involvement. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of an açaí extract in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 microglia cells. METHODS Açaí extract was produced and characterized through high performance liquid chromatography. Following açaí extraction and characterization, BV-2 microglia cells were activated with LPS and a dose-response curve was generated to select the most effective açaí dose to reduce cellular proliferation. This dose was then used to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, double-strand DNA release, cell cycle modulation, and cytokine and caspase protein expression. RESULTS Characterization of the açaí extract revealed 10 bioactive molecules. The extract reduced cellular proliferation, ROS production, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and caspase 1 protein expression under 1 μg/mL in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia cells but had no effect on double strand DNA release. Additionally, açaí treatment caused cell cycle arrest, specifically within synthesis and G2/Mitosis phases. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the freeze-dried hydroalcoholic açaí extract presents high anti-neuroinflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diulie Valente de Souza
- Graduate Program in Nanoscience, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Culture and Genetics, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lauren Pappis
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tuyla Fontana
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Genetics, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Braga Rissi
- Department of Agriculture, Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele Rorato Sagrillo
- Graduate Program in Nanoscience, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Culture and Genetics, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta Maria Duarte
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Duarte
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Alfredo Antoniazzi
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Alencar Kolinski Machado
- Graduate Program in Nanoscience, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Culture and Genetics, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Antioxidant Intervention Attenuates Aging-Related Changes in the Murine Ovary and Oocyte. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110250. [PMID: 33105678 PMCID: PMC7690403 DOI: 10.3390/life10110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced maternal age (AMA) is associated with reduced fertility due in part to diminished ovarian follicle quantity, inferior oocyte quality, chromosome aneuploidy, and lower implantation rates. Ovarian aging is accompanied by increased oxidative stress and blunted antioxidant signaling, such that antioxidant intervention could improve reproductive potential. The first aim of this study was to determine the molecular effects of antioxidant intervention in the ovaries and oocytes of aged mice, utilizing a supplement containing only naturally occurring açaí (Euterpe oleracea) with an oxygen radical absorbance capacity of 208,628 μmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/100 g indicating high antioxidant activity. Nine month old female CF-1 mice were administered 80 mg/day antioxidants (n = 12) or standard diet (n = 12) for 12 weeks. In the ovary, antioxidant treatment upregulated β-adrenergic signaling, downregulated apoptosis and proinflammatory signaling, and variably affected cell growth and antioxidant pathways (p < 0.05). Exogenous antioxidants also increased the oocyte expression of antioxidant genes GPX1, SOD2, and GSR (p < 0.05). A feasibility analysis was then conducted on female AMA infertility patients as a proof-of-principle investigation. Patients (n = 121; <45 years old) consented to receiving 600 mg antioxidants three times daily for ≥8 weeks preceding infertility treatment. Preliminary results indicate promising outcomes for AMA patients, warranting further investigation.
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de Souza FG, de Araújo FF, de Paulo Farias D, Zanotto AW, Neri-Numa IA, Pastore GM. Brazilian fruits of Arecaceae family: An overview of some representatives with promising food, therapeutic and industrial applications. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109690. [PMID: 33292959 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Arecaceae family is widely distributed and comprises about 2600 species, in which 48 of them are native to Brazil and occurs in transition biomes between the Amazon, Cerrado and Caatinga. In addition to being used as a source of food and subsistence, they are also rich in lipophilic bioactive compounds, mainly carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols and vitamin A. Moreover, they have considerable content of phenolic compounds, fibers and minerals. Therefore, the objective of this review is to present the physical-chemical and nutritional aspects, the main bioactive compounds, the biological properties and the innovative potential of four Brazilian palm-tree fruits of the Arecaceae family. Due to the presence of bioactive compounds, these fruits have the potential to promote health and can be used to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and others. Furthermore, these raw materials and their by-products can be used in the development of new food, chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. To ensure better use of these crops, promote their commercial value, benefit family farming and contribute to the country's sustainable development, it is necessary to implement new cultivation, post-harvest and processing techniques. Investing in research to publicize their potential is equally important, mainly of the ones still little explored, such as the buritirana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David de Paulo Farias
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Aline Wasem Zanotto
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
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Gu I, Brownmiller C, Stebbins NB, Mauromoustakos A, Howard L, Lee SO. Berry Phenolic and Volatile Extracts Inhibit Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through Suppression of NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090871. [PMID: 32942640 PMCID: PMC7554842 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries are a rich source of phytochemicals, especially phenolics well known for protective activity against many chronic diseases. Berries also contain a complex mixture of volatile compounds that are responsible for the unique aromas of berries. However, there is very limited information on the composition and potential health benefits of berry volatiles. In this study, we isolated phenolic and volatile fractions from six common berries and characterized them by HPLC/HPLC-MS and GC/GC-MS, respectively. Berry phenolic and volatile fractions were evaluated for an anti-inflammatory effect using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by measuring levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Results showed that LPS-induced excessive production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which were inhibited by berry phenolic and volatile extracts. Moreover, berry phenolic and volatile extracts reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by blocking the phosphorylation of p65 and degradation of IκBα. These findings showed that berry volatiles from six berries had comparable anti-inflammatory effects to berry phenolics through the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines expression via NF-κB down-regulation, despite being present in the fruit at a lower concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inah Gu
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 N. Young Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; (I.G.); (C.B.); (N.B.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Cindi Brownmiller
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 N. Young Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; (I.G.); (C.B.); (N.B.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Nathan B. Stebbins
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 N. Young Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; (I.G.); (C.B.); (N.B.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Andy Mauromoustakos
- Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Luke Howard
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 N. Young Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; (I.G.); (C.B.); (N.B.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Sun-Ok Lee
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 N. Young Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; (I.G.); (C.B.); (N.B.S.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-479-575-6921
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46
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Effects of a hypoenergetic diet associated with açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp consumption on antioxidant status, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight, dyslipidemic individuals. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:1464-1469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wu JY, Chen YJ, Bai L, Liu YX, Fu XQ, Zhu PL, Li JK, Chou JY, Yin CL, Wang YP, Bai JX, Wu Y, Wu ZZ, Yu ZL. Chrysoeriol ameliorates TPA-induced acute skin inflammation in mice and inhibits NF-κB and STAT3 pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153173. [PMID: 31999977 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysoeriol is a flavone found in diverse dietary and medicinal herbs such as Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (the dried flower bud or newly bloomed flower of Lonicera japonica Thunb.). These herbs are commonly used for treating inflammatory diseases. Herbal extracts containing chrysoeriol have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Some of these extracts can inhibit signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in cancer cells. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether chrysoeriol has anti-inflammatory effects and whether NF-κB and STAT3 pathways are involved in the effects. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-induced ear edema mouse model and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were used to evaluate the effects of chrysoeriol. Griess reagent was used to measure the production of nitric oxide (NO). Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were employed to detect protein levels. RT-qPCR analyses were used to detect mRNA levels. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was employed to examine the pathological conditions in animal tissues. RESULTS In the mouse model, chrysoeriol ameliorated acute skin inflammation, evidenced by reduced ear thickness, ear weight and number of inflammatory cells in inflamed ear tissues. The compound lowered protein levels of phospho-p65 (Ser536), phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705), inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in mouse swollen ears. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, chrysoeriol also lowered levels of these proteins. In addition, chrysoeriol decreased the production of NO and prostaglandin E2; inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB (Ser32), p65 (Ser536) and Janus kinase 2 (Tyr1007/1008); decreased nuclear localization of p50, p65 and STAT3; and down-regulated mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α that are transcriptionally regulated by NF-κB and STAT3 in the cell model. CONCLUSION We for the first time demonstrated that chrysoeriol ameliorates TPA-induced ear edema in mice, and that inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 and IκB/p65 NF-κB pathways are involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of chrysoeriol. This study provides chemical and pharmacological justifications for the use of chrysoeriol-containing herbs in treating inflammatory diseases, and provides pharmacological groundwork for developing chrysoeriol as a novel anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Wu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng-Zhi Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; JaneClare Transdermal TCM Therapy Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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48
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A prospective study in women: açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) dietary intake affects serum p-selectin, leptin, and visfatin levels. NUTR HOSP 2020; 38:121-127. [PMID: 33319583 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Background: açaí is the fruit of the palm tree Euterpe oleracea Martius, which is native to the Amazon region. This fruit has been extensively studied due to its potential effects on human health. Studies have also evaluated the potential effect of açaí on the inflammatory response, but there are still few studies that have assessed this property in humans. Objective: in this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of 200 g of açaí pulp consumption per day during four weeks on a rich panel of inflammatory biomarkers. Methods: a prospective nutritional intervention study was conducted on forty apparently healthy women who consumed 200 g of açaí pulp per day for four weeks. A panel of serum inflammatory markers were evaluated before and after the nutritional intervention, namely, cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, IVAM-1, P-selectin, MCP-1, and fractalkine), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17) and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and adipsin). The data were analyzed using paired Student's t-test to evaluate the effect of the intervention using PASW Statistics, version 17.0, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: four weeks of açaí pulp consumption decreased p-selectin, leptin, and visfatin concentrations in the serum of the participating women. Conclusion: these results show that consumption of açaí pulp was able to modulate important biomarkers of the inflammatory process in apparently healthy women.
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Li H, Chen Z, Zhong X, Li J, Li W. Mangiferin alleviates experimental peri-implantitis via suppressing interleukin-6 production and Toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:325. [PMID: 31623650 PMCID: PMC6798411 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2) signaling and its downstream proinflammatory cytokines are considered to be important in the progression of peri-implantitis. A natural medicine, mangiferin has exhibited modulatory effect on TLR2 signaling and anti-inflammatory effects on different diseases. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of mangiferin on peri-implantitis and the potential mechanisms by administering this drug to an experimental peri-implantitis mouse model. METHODS Maxillary left first, second, and third molars of mice were extracted, and dental implants were placed in the region of the maxillary left second molars. Then, peri-implantitis was induced by tying ligatures around implants, and mangiferin was given orally to the mice. After 6-week mangiferin treatment, bone loss around the implants was detected using micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT). Alveolar bone and inflammatory infiltrate in peri-implant tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Production of interleukin-6 (IL6), a TLR2 downstream proinflammatory cytokine, in the tissue surrounding implants was measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. IL6 protein expression and TLR2 signaling pathway activation in peri-implant tissues were detected using western blot analysis. RESULTS Micro-CT demonstrated reduced bone loss in peri-implantitis upon mangiferin administration. Additionally, H&E staining showed more alveolar bone and less inflammatory infiltrate in peri-implant tissues after mangiferin application. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated lower levels of IL6 gene expression, and western blot analysis showed decreased protein expression of IL6 and TLR2, and suppressed phosphorylation of TLR2 downstream nuclear factor-κB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase after mangiferin treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the suppressive effect of mangiferin on bone damage and inflammatory infiltrate in peri-implantitis. These therapeutic effects may be associated with inhibited IL6 production and reduced TLR2 signaling activation in peri-implant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, 02142, USA. .,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard University School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, 02115, USA.
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Zhong
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaquan Li
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14 3rd Section S Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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50
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López de Dicastillo C, Piña C, Garrido L, Arancibia C, Galotto MJ. Enhancing Thermal Stability and Bioaccesibility of Açaí Fruit Polyphenols through Electrohydrodynamic Encapsulation into Zein Electrosprayed Particles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100464. [PMID: 31600875 PMCID: PMC6826472 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The açaí fruit (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is well known for its high content of antioxidant compounds, especially anthocyanins, which provide beneficial health properties. The incorporation of this fruit is limited to food products whose processing does not involve the use of high temperatures due to the low thermal stability of these functional components. The objective of this work was the encapsulation of açaí fruit antioxidants into electrosprayed zein, a heat-resistant protein, to improve their bioavailability and thermal resistance. First, the hydroalcoholic açaí extract was selected due to its high polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacities, and, subsequently, it was successfully encapsulated in electrosprayed zein particles. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that the resulting particles presented cavities with an average size of 924 nm. Structural characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed certain chemical interaction between the active compounds and zein. Encapsulation efficiency was approximately 70%. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of the encapsulated extract on protecting polyphenolic content after high-temperature treatments, such as sterilization (121 °C) and baking (180 °C). Bioaccesibility studies also indicated an increase of polyphenols presence after in vitro digestion stages of encapsulated açaí fruit extract in contrast with the unprotected extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol López de Dicastillo
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben-Chile), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), 9170124 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Constanza Piña
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben-Chile), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), 9170124 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luan Garrido
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben-Chile), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), 9170124 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carla Arancibia
- Food Properties Research Group, Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
| | - María José Galotto
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben-Chile), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), 9170124 Santiago, Chile.
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