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Poudel A, Gachumi G, Paterson PG, El-Aneed A, Badea I. Liposomal Phytosterols as LDL-Cholesterol-Lowering Agents in Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4443-4452. [PMID: 37492942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The high blood level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Plant sterols, known as phytosterols (PSs), can reduce LDL-C in a range of 8-14%. The extent of LDL-C reduction depends on its formulation. Encapsulation into liposomes is one formulation strategy to enhance the efficiency of PSs. PSs (campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol) have frequently been assessed alone or in combination for their LDL-C-lowering ability. However, one naturally abundant PS, brassicasterol, has not yet been tested for its efficacy. We have previously developed a novel liposomal formulation containing the PS mixture present naturally in canola that is composed of brassicasterol, campesterol, and β-sitosterol. In this work, the efficacy of our novel liposomal PS formulation that includes brassicasterol was assessed in a hamster model. Animals were divided into five groups: (i) liposomal PS in orange juice, (ii) liposomal PS in water, (iii) marketed PS in orange juice, (iv) control orange juice, and (v) control water. The animals were fed a high-fat, cholesterol-supplemented (0.5%) diet to induce hypercholesterolemia. The treatment was administered orally once daily for 4 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, week 2, and week 4. The extent of the reduction of total cholesterol, LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides was compared among the groups. Liposomal PSs in both orange juice and water significantly reduced LDL-C compared to their controls. Furthermore, the liposomal PS was as effective as a marketed PS-containing product in reducing LDL-C. Liposomal PSs in both orange juice and water showed similar efficacy in LDL-C reduction, highlighting that these vehicles/food matrices do not affect the efficacy of PSs. The liposomal formulation of a natural PS mixture extracted from canola oil, with brassicasterol as a major component, exhibited a significant LDL-C reduction in a hamster model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Poudel
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - George Gachumi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Phyllis G Paterson
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Nanosized niosomes as effective delivery device to improve the stability and bioaccessibility of goat milk whey protein peptide. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kulathunga J, Simsek S. A Review: Cereals on Modulating the Microbiota/Metabolome for Metabolic Health. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:371-385. [PMID: 35657489 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diet can modulate both the composition and functionality of the human gut microbiota. Cereals are rich in specific macro and functional elements that are considered important dietary components for maintaining human health; therefore, it is important to examine precise nutritional mechanism involved in exerting the health benefits via modulating gut microbiota. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent research on how different cereals in the diet can regulate the microbiota for health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS There is an increased interest in targeting the gut microbiome for the treatment of chronic diseases. Cereals can alter the gut microbiome and may improve energy and glucose homeostasis, interfere with host energy homeostasis, appetite, blood glucose regulation, insulin sensitivity, and regulation of host metabolism. However, more human research is necessary to confirm the beneficial health outcomes of cereals via modulating gut microbiota. Cereals play an essential role in shaping the intestinal microbiota that contributes to exerting health effects on various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayani Kulathunga
- Cereal Science Graduate Program, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Senay Simsek
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Elmi N, Ghanbarzadeh B, Ayaseh A, Sahraee S, Heshmati MK, Hoseini M, Pezeshki A. Physical properties and stability of quercetin loaded niosomes: Stabilizing effects of phytosterol and polyethylene glycol in orange juice model. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Chen C, Lu L, Qin YT, Lv C, Wan XN, Guo XM. Combined Effects of Plant Sterols with Low Ratio of n-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids against Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice. Curr Med Sci 2021; 40:1099-1106. [PMID: 33428138 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of low ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been clarified against atherosclerosis. Increasing evidence indicated that plant sterols (PS) have a significant cholesterol-lowering effect. This study explored the effects of PS combined with n-6/n-3 (2:1) PUFA on atherosclerosis and investigated the possible mechanism. In ApoE-/- mice, the milk fat in high fat diets was replaced with n-6/n-3 (2:1) PUFA alone or supplemented with 6% PS for 16 weeks. Results demonstrated that PS combined with PUFA exerted commentary and synergistic effects on ameliorating atherosclerosis, improving lipid metabolism and lipid deposition in liver, and alleviating inflammatory response. These changes were accompanied with decreased serum TC, TG, LDL-C and increased fecal cholesterol efflux, as well as the lower inflammatory cytokine CRP, IL-6, TNF-α. It is suggested that the underlying mechanism of PS combined with n-6/n-3 (2:1) PUFA promoting the fecal cholesterol efflux may be mediated by liver X receptor α/ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ya-Ting Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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6
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Yu X, Chu M, Chu C, Du Y, Shi J, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Yan N. Wild rice (Zizania spp.): A review of its nutritional constituents, phytochemicals, antioxidant activities, and health-promoting effects. Food Chem 2020; 331:127293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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The Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Whole Foods and Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072069. [PMID: 32664664 PMCID: PMC7400924 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight current research on the benefits of supplementation with foods with a diverse polyphenol composition, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, oils, spices, and teas in blunting atherosclerosis. We searched PubMed for publications utilizing whole food or polyphenols prepared from whole foods in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) or Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) knockout mice, and identified 73 studies in which plaque was measured. The majority of the studies reported a reduction in plaque. Nine interventions showed no effect, while three using Agaricus blazei mushroom, HYJA-ri-4 rice variety, and safrole-2', 3'-oxide (SFO) increased plaque. The mechanisms by which atherosclerosis was reduced include improved lipid profile, antioxidant status, and cholesterol clearance, and reduced inflammation. Importantly, not all dietary interventions that reduce plaque showed an improvement in lipid profile. Additionally, we found that, out of 73 studies, only 9 used female mice and only 6 compared both sexes. Only one study compared the two models (LDLR vs. ApoE), showing that the treatment worked in one but not the other. Not all supplementations work in both male and female animals, suggesting that increasing the variety of foods with different polyphenol compositions may be more effective in mitigating atherosclerosis.
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Han B, Jian Y, Xia X, Hu W, Zhang L, Zhou P. Studying the effects of sea cucumber ovum powder on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by proteomics techniques in a rat model. Food Funct 2020; 11:6139-6147. [PMID: 32573635 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00741b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumber is a valuable marine food that has antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity functionalities. Sea cucumber ovum (SCO) may contain functional components, however, it is considered to be a waste product during industrial processing. In order to make good use of SCO, this work investigated the effects of freeze-dried SCO powder on NAFLD, using a rat model, through iBT labeling proteomics techniques, tracking changes in the hepatic protein profiles of rats whose diets were supplemented with SCO powder. Male rats were fed with standard food, a high fat diet (HFD), or a HFD supplemented with 150 mg per kg BW or 450 mg per kg BW SCO powder for 6 weeks. Compared with the HFD, low-dose SCO supplementation in the diet could significantly reduce body weight gain and liver weight. Furthermore, in total, 5922 proteins were identified, and 767 proteins were found to be significantly different proteins (p < 0.05) among all four groups. Most of the significantly different proteins were related to apoptosis and lipid metabolism. Fadd, Dci, and Aif1 have been identified as key proteins in the pathways related to apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. The results in this study provide an overview of the SCO-induced changes in the liver proteome of NAFLD, which may help us to understand the molecular mechanism behind the effects of SCO on the alleviation of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binsong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Phytosterols Supplementation Reduces Endothelin-1 Plasma Concentration in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Individuals Independently of Their Cholesterol-Lowering Properties. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051507. [PMID: 32455866 PMCID: PMC7284494 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the effect of phytosterols (PS) on reducing plasma levels of cholesterol and LDL-c, but the effects of plant sterols beyond cholesterol-lowering are still questionable. Since inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, this study aims to evaluate the effect of PS on biomarkers involved in atherosclerosis progression and whether these effects are independent of alterations in plasma LDL-c levels. Thirty-eight moderately hypercholesterolemic volunteers (58 ± 12 years; LDL-c ≥ 130 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to consume 400 mL/day of soy milk or soy milk + PS (1.6 g/day) for 4 weeks in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Blood samples were collected and lipid profiles and biomarkers for inflammation and endothelial dysfunction determined. The results showed that PS treatment reduced endothelin-1 plasma concentration by 11% (p = 0.02) independently of variations in plasma levels of LDL-c. No alterations were observed regarding fibrinogen, IL-6, hs-CRP, SAA, TNFα, or VCAM-1 between placebo and PS-treated groups. Furthermore, PS reduced total plasma cholesterol concentration (−5,5%, p < 0.001), LDL-c (−6.4%, p < 0.05), triglycerides (−8.3%, p < 0.05), and apo B (−5.3%, p < 0.05), without changing HDL-c concentration (p > 0.05). Therefore, PS supplementation effectively lowers endothelin-1 independently of the reductions in plasma levels of LDL-c, contributing to the comprehension of the effect of plant sterols on endothelial function and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Cardio-Protective Effects of Germinated Brown Rice Extract Against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:251-258. [PMID: 32266706 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic heart disease is closely associated with many risk factors. Germinated brown rice extract (GBR) has potent antioxidant activities for alleviating the factors for developing heart failure such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. AIM The objective of the present study was to determine the cardio-protective effects of GBR and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects in a model of simulated myocardial ischemic/ reperfusion injury (sI/R). METHODS An in vitro study was performed on cultured rat cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) exposed to sI/R. The expression of apoptosis and signaling proteins was assessed using Western blot analyses. Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 3 groups and the left circumflex coronary artery was ligated to induce myocardial ischemia. Heart functions were monitored by electrocardiography and echocardiography 0, 30, and 60 days after coronary artery ligation. RESULTS GBR consumption group showed significantly improved cardiac function and reduced the heart rate, along with reduced mean arterial pressure and plasma glucose level. Also, GBR showed good scavenging activity, pretreatment with GBR inhibited I/R induced apoptosis by suppressing the production of caspase 3 and p38 MAPK. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intake of germinated brown rice may effectively to protect cell proliferation and apoptosis and may provide important nutrients to prevent heart failure due to myocardial ischemia.
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11
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Chu C, Du Y, Yu X, Shi J, Yuan X, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Yan N. Dynamics of antioxidant activities, metabolites, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic biosynthetic genes in germinating Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia). Food Chem 2020; 318:126483. [PMID: 32126468 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant activity of germinating Chinese wild rice was found to decline initially, after which it increased. The largest difference in antioxidant activity was observed between the 36-h (G36) and the 120-h germination (G120) stage. We further assessed the dynamic changes in metabolites, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic biosynthetic genes in germinating Chinese wild rice. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry revealed that 315 metabolites were up-regulated and 28 were down-regulated between G36 and G120. Levels of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and epigallocatechin increased significantly during germination. Gene expression of four phenylalanine ammonia-lyases, one 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, one cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, two cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases, one chalcone synthase, and one chalcone isomerase was significantly higher at G120 than at G36 and promoted phenolics accumulation. This study elucidated the biochemical mechanisms involved in antioxidant activity and phenolic profile changes during Chinese wild rice germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiuting Yu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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12
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Anti-Atherosclerotic Properties of Wild Rice in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice: The Gut Microbiome, Cytokines, and Metabolomics Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122894. [PMID: 31795092 PMCID: PMC6950250 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: We previously reported the anti-atherogenic properties of wild rice in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDL-r-KO) mice. The present study aimed to discover the mechanism of action for such effects. Materials: Fecal and plasma samples from the wild rice treated and control mice were used. Fecal bacterial population was estimated while using 16S rDNA technology. The plasma samples were used to estimate the levels of 35 inflammatory markers and metabolomics, while using Meso Scale multiplex assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques. Results: Many bacteria, particularly Anaeroplasma sp., Acetatifactor sp., and Prophyromonadaceae sp., were found in higher quantities in the feces of wild rice fed mice as compared to the controls. Cytokine profiles were significantly different between the plasma of treated and control mice. Among them, an increase in the level of IL-10 and erythropoietin (EPO) could explain the anti-atherogenic properties of wild rice. Among many metabolites tested in plasma of these animals, surprisingly, we found an approximately 60% increase in the levels of glucose in the wild rice fed mice as compared to that in the control mice. Conclusion: Additional studies warrant further investigation of the interplay among gut microbiome, inflammatory status, and macronutrient metabolism.
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A comparative UHPLC-QqQ-MS-based metabolomics approach for evaluating Chinese and North American wild rice. Food Chem 2019; 275:618-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yan N, Du Y, Liu X, Chu C, Shi J, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Morphological Characteristics, Nutrients, and Bioactive Compounds of Zizania latifolia, and Health Benefits of Its Seeds. Molecules 2018; 23:E1561. [PMID: 29958396 PMCID: PMC6100627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zizania latifolia (tribe Oryzeae Dum., subfamily Oryzoideae Care, family Gramineae) is native to East Asian countries. The seeds of Z. latifolia (Chinese wild rice) have been consumed as a cereal in China for >3000 years. Z. latifolia forms swollen culms when infected with Ustilago esculenta, which is the second most-cultivated aquatic vegetable in China. The current review summarizes the nutrients and bioactive compounds of Z. latifolia, and health benefits of its seeds. The seeds of Z. latifolia contain proteins, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds, the activities of which—for example, antioxidant activity—have been characterized. Various health benefits are associated with their consumption, such as alleviation of insulin resistance and lipotoxicity, and protection against cardiovascular disease. Chinese wild rice may be used to prevent and treat metabolic disease, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Various compounds were isolated from the swollen culm, and aerial parts of Z. latifolia. The former suppresses osteoclast formation, inhibits growth of rat glioma cells, and may act as antioxidants and immunomodulators in drugs or foods. The latter exerts anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects. Thus, Z. latifolia may be used to produce nutraceuticals and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Cheng Chu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Bagherpour S, Alizadeh A, Ghanbarzadeh S, Mohammadi M, Hamishehkar H. Preparation and characterization of Betasitosterol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for butter enrichment. FOOD BIOSCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Dumolt JH, Radhakrishnan SK, Moghadasian MH, Le K, Patel MS, Browne RW, Rideout TC. Maternal hypercholesterolemia enhances oxysterol concentration in mothers and newly weaned offspring but is attenuated by maternal phytosterol supplementation. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 52:10-17. [PMID: 29107136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In hypercholesterolemic pregnancies, the maternal environment is characterized by excessive levels of atherogenic lipids that may increase cardiovascular disease risk in mothers and their offspring. We examined the influence of maternal hypercholesterolemia and phytosterol (PS) intervention on the concentration and metabolism of oxysterols, bioactive oxygenated cholesterol derivatives that regulate arterial health and lesion progression, in mothers and their newly weaned offspring. Twenty-one female apoE-/- mice were randomly assigned to three different diets throughout gestation and lactation: (1) chow, (2) high cholesterol (CH; 0.15%) and (3) CH with added PS (2%, CH/PS). At the end of the lactation period, mothers and pups were euthanized for serum and hepatic oxysterol analyses, hepatic transcriptional profiling of hepatic sterol regulatory targets and atherosclerosis. Hypercholesterolemic dams and their pups demonstrated increased (P˂.05) serum oxysterols [including 24 hydroxycholesterol (HC), 25HC, 27HC, 7αHC, 7βHC and 7 ketocholesterol)] compared with the chow group that were normalized by maternal PS supplementation. Hepatic oxysterol concentrations followed a similar pattern of response in mothers but were not altered in newly weaned pups. Hepatic mRNA expression suggested a pattern of enhanced abca1/g1 high-density-lipoprotein-mediated efflux but a reduction in biliary abcg5/g8 export in both dams and their pups. Although arterial lesions were not apparent in newly weaned pups, CH dams demonstrated enhanced atherosclerosis that was reduced upon PS intervention. These results demonstrate that offspring from hypercholesterolemic pregnancies have enhanced circulating oxysterol concentrations and highlight the potential utility of PS as a lipid-lowering option during hypercholesterolemic pregnancies for which there are currently limited options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerad H Dumolt
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA 14214
| | - Sandhya K Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA 14214
| | - Mohammed H Moghadasian
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, RH2 2A6
| | - Khuong Le
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, RH2 2A6
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA 14214
| | - Richard W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA 14214
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA 14214.
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Gangadaran S, Cheema SK. A high fat diet enriched with sea cucumber gut powder provides cardio-protective and anti-obesity effects in C57BL/6 mice. Food Res Int 2017; 99:799-806. [PMID: 28784546 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that sea cucumber (SC) inhibits fat accumulation and insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 cells. The present study investigated the anti-obesity and cardio-protective effects of SC freeze-dried gut powder using C57BL/6 as an animal model. Male mice were fed a normal chow diet, a high fat diet (HFD) or a HFD enriched with 2.5, 5 or 7.5% SC gut powder for 4, 8 and 12weeks. Diets enriched with SC caused a significant reduction in body weight gain and fat weight, compared to the HFD, without affecting food intake. Both 2.5% and 5% SC treatment showed a significant reduction in plasma glucose, triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and non-esterified fatty acids, compared to the HFD. However, animals fed the 7.5% SC diet showed an increase in liver weight, liver TG and TC, compared to the HFD diet. Diets enriched with 2.5% SC caused an increase in adiponectin mRNA expression in adipose tissue and reduced plasma interleukin-6, compared to the HFD diet. Fecal cholesterol excretion increased after 2.5% SC treatment, coinciding with an increase in ATP-binding cassette-5 and -8 mRNA expression in the small intestine. Although both 2.5 and 5% SC treatment caused weight and fat reduction to a similar extent, 2.5% SC was more effective at improving the metabolic profile. None of the tested SC doses caused any toxic effects. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that SC freeze-dried gut powder has the potential as a nutraceutical to target obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendiran Gangadaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Sukhinder Kaur Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
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Role of autophagy in advanced atherosclerosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2903-2908. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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