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Le Q, Zhang Z, Sun D, Cui Q, Yang X, Hassan AE. Anti-inflammatory activities of two new deoxygenated N-acetyl glucosamines in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15769. [PMID: 37159698 PMCID: PMC10163627 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) are amino sugars found in human extracellular matrix with previously described anti-inflammatory effects. Despite mixed results from clinical studies, these molecules have been used extensively in supplements. Objective We investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of two synthesized derivatives of N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG), bi-deoxy-N-acetyl-glucosamine (BNAG) 1 and 2. Methods Using mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation, the effects of NAG, BNAG 1, and BNAG 2 on the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 were studied using ELISA, Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. Cell toxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production were evaluated using WST-1 assay and the Griess reagent, respectively. Results Among the three tested compounds, BNAG1 shows the highest inhibition of iNOS, IL-6, TNF α and IL-1β expression and NO production. All three tested compounds show slight inhibition on cell proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells, except that BNAG1 displays a remarkable toxicity at the tested maximum dose of 5 mM. Conclusion BNAG 1 and 2 exhibit notable anti-inflammatory effects compared to the parent NAG molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Le
- Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 22903, USA
| | - Zhichang Zhang
- Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 22903, USA
- Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Wehui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Daniel Sun
- Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 22903, USA
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 22903, USA
| | - Xinlin Yang
- Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 22903, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, 450 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Ameer E. Hassan
- Department of Neuroscience, Valley Baptist Medical Center, 78550, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Neuroscience, Valley Baptist Medical Center, 2101 Pease St, Harlingen, TX, 78550, USA.
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The Formulation of the N-Acetylglucosamine as Nanoparticles Increases Its Anti-Inflammatory Activities: An In Vitro Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030343. [PMID: 36978734 PMCID: PMC10045510 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine can represent a new strategy to treat several types of diseases such as those with inflammatory aetiology. Through this strategy, it is possible to obtain nanoparticles with controlled shape, size, and eventually surface charge. Moreover, the use of molecules in nanoform may allow more effective delivery into the diseased cells and tissues, reducing toxicity and side effects of the used compounds. The aim of the present manuscript was the evaluation of the effects of N-acetylglucosamine in nanoform (GlcNAc NP) in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis (OA). Human primary chondrocytes were treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α to simulate a low-grade inflammation and then treated with both GlcNAc and GlcNAc NP, in order to find the lowest concentrations able to counteract the inflammatory state of the cells and ensure a chondroprotective action. The findings showed that GlcNAc NP was able to decrease the pro-inflammatory mediators, IL-6 and IL-8, which are among the main effectors of inflammation; moreover, the nanoparticles downregulated the production of metalloprotease enzymes. GlcNAc NP was effective at a very low concentration compared to GlcNAc in its native form. Furthermore, GlcNAc NP stimulated an increase in collagen type II synthesis. In conclusion, the GlcNAc in nanoform showed better performance than GlcNAc, at concentrations lower than those reached in the joints after oral administration to patients of 1.5 g/die of glucosamine.
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Su W, Lv C, Huang L, Zheng X, Yang S. Glucosamine delays the progression of osteoporosis in senile mice by promoting osteoblast autophagy. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:75. [DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Senile osteoporosis (SOP) is one of the most prevalent diseases that afflict the elderly population, which characterized by decreased osteogenic ability. Glucosamine (GlcN) is an over-the-counter dietary supplement. Our previous study reported that GlcN promotes osteoblast proliferation by activating autophagy in vitro. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects and mechanisms of GlcN on senile osteoporosis and osteogenic differentiation in vivo.
Methods
Aging was induced by subcutaneous injection of d-Galactose (d-Gal), and treated with GlcN or vehicle. The anti-senile-osteoporosis effect of GlcN was explored by examining changes in micro-CT, serum indicators, body weight, protein and gene expression of aging and apoptosis. Additionally, the effects of GlcN on protein and gene expression of osteogenesis and autophagy were observed by inhibiting autophagy with 3-methyladenine (3-MA).
Results
GlcN significantly improved bone mineral density (BMD) and bone micro-architecture, decreased skeletal senescence and apoptosis and increased osteogenesis in d-Gal induced osteoporotic mice. While all effect was reversed with 3-MA.
Conclusion
GlcN effectively delayed the progression of osteoporosis in senile osteoporotic mice by promoting osteoblast autophagy. This study suggested that GlcN may be a prospective candidate drug for the treatment of SOP.
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Harpagophytum procumbens Root Extract Mediates Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Osteoarthritis Synoviocytes through CB2 Activation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040457. [PMID: 35455454 PMCID: PMC9026917 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is involved in the nociceptive and anti-inflammatory pathways, and a lowered expression of CB2 receptors has been associated with inflammatory conditions, such as osteoarthritis (OA). This suggests that CB2 modulators could be novel therapeutic tools to treat OA. In the present study, the involvement of Harpagophytum procumbens root extract, a common ingredient of nutraceuticals used to treat joint disorders, in CB2 modulation has been evaluated. Moreover, to clarify the effects of the pure single components, the bioactive constituent, harpagoside, and the main volatile compounds were studied alone or in a reconstituted mixture. Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes, extracted by joints of patients, who underwent a total knee replacement, were treated with an H. procumbens root extract dissolved in DMSO (HPEDMSO). The effectiveness of HPEDMSO to affect CB2 pathways was studied by analyzing the modulation of cAMP, the activation of PKA and ERK MAP kinase, and the modulation of MMP-13 production. HPEDMSO was able to inhibit the cAMP production and MAP kinase activation and to down-regulate the MMP-13 production. Pure compounds were less effective than the whole phytocomplex, thus suggesting the involvement of synergistic interactions. Present findings encourage further mechanistic studies and support the scientific basis of the use of H. procumbens in joint disorders.
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Lopreiato M, Di Cristofano S, Cocchiola R, Mariano A, Guerrizio L, Scandurra R, Mosca L, Raimondo D, d’Abusco AS. Biochemical and Computational Studies of the Interaction between a Glucosamine Derivative, NAPA, and the IKK α Kinase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041643. [PMID: 33562013 PMCID: PMC7915277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucosamine derivative 2-(N-Acetyl)-L-phenylalanylamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucose (NAPA), was shown to inhibit the kinase activity of IKKα, one of the two catalytic subunits of IKK complex, decreasing the inflammatory status in osteoarthritis chondrocytes. In the present work we have investigated the inhibition mechanism of IKKα by NAPA by combining computational simulations, in vitro assays and Mass Spectrometry (MS) technique. The kinase in vitro assay was conducted using a recombinant IKKα and IKKtide, a 20 amino acid peptide substrate derived from IkBα kinase protein and containing the serine residues Ser32 and Ser36. Phosphorylated peptide production was measured by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and the atomic interaction between IKKα and NAPA has been studied by molecular docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) approaches. Here we report that NAPA was able to inhibit the IKKα kinase activity with an IC50 of 0.5 mM, to decrease the Km value from 0.337 mM to 0.402 mM and the Vmax from 0.0257 mM·min−1 to 0.0076 mM·min−1. The computational analyses indicate the region between the KD, ULD and SDD domains of IKKα as the optimal binding site explored by NAPA. Biochemical data indicate that there is a non-significant difference between Km and Ki whereas there is a statistically significant difference between the two Vmax values. This evidence, combined with computational results, consistently indicates that the inhibition is non-competitive, and that the NAPA binding site is different than that of ATP or IKKtide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Lopreiato
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (R.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (R.S.); (L.M.)
- Department of Medicina Sperimentale, Università Magna Graecia, Campus S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Samuele Di Cristofano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rossana Cocchiola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (R.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (R.S.); (L.M.)
- Clinical Trial Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, P. Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Mariano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (R.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (R.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Libera Guerrizio
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (R.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (R.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Roberto Scandurra
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (R.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (R.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (R.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (R.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Domenico Raimondo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (A.S.d.)
| | - Anna Scotto d’Abusco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (R.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (R.S.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (A.S.d.)
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Araújo N, Viegas CSB, Zubía E, Magalhães J, Ramos A, Carvalho MM, Cruz H, Sousa JP, Blanco FJ, Vermeer C, Simes DC. Amentadione from the Alga Cystoseira usneoides as a Novel Osteoarthritis Protective Agent in an Ex Vivo Co-Culture OA Model. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E624. [PMID: 33297528 PMCID: PMC7762386 DOI: 10.3390/md18120624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) remains a prevalent chronic disease without effective prevention and treatment. Amentadione (YP), a meroditerpenoid purified from the alga Cystoseira usneoides, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity. Here, we investigated the YP anti-osteoarthritic potential, by using a novel OA preclinical drug development pipeline designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-mineralizing activities of potential OA-protective compounds. The workflow was based on in vitro primary cell cultures followed by human cartilage explants assays and a new OA co-culture model, combining cartilage explants with synoviocytes under interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or hydroxyapatite (HAP) stimulation. A combination of gene expression analysis and measurement of inflammatory mediators showed that the proposed model mimicked early disease stages, while YP counteracted inflammatory responses by downregulation of COX-2 and IL-6, improved cartilage homeostasis by downregulation of MMP3 and the chondrocytes hypertrophic differentiation factors Col10 and Runx2. Importantly, YP downregulated NF-κB gene expression and decreased phosphorylated IkBα/total IkBα ratio in chondrocytes. These results indicate the co-culture as a relevant pre-clinical OA model, and strongly suggest YP as a cartilage protective factor by inhibiting inflammatory, mineralizing, catabolic and differentiation processes during OA development, through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways, with high therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuna Araújo
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (N.A.); (C.S.B.V.)
| | - Carla S. B. Viegas
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (N.A.); (C.S.B.V.)
- GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Eva Zubía
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain;
| | - Joana Magalhães
- Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (J.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Agrupación Estratégica CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Acácio Ramos
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Particular do Algarve (HPA), 8005-226 Gambelas-Faro, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.M.C.); (H.C.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Maria M. Carvalho
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Particular do Algarve (HPA), 8005-226 Gambelas-Faro, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.M.C.); (H.C.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Henrique Cruz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Particular do Algarve (HPA), 8005-226 Gambelas-Faro, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.M.C.); (H.C.); (J.P.S.)
| | - João Paulo Sousa
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Particular do Algarve (HPA), 8005-226 Gambelas-Faro, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.M.C.); (H.C.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (J.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Agrupación Estratégica CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cees Vermeer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Dina C. Simes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (N.A.); (C.S.B.V.)
- GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Li T, Liu B, Chen K, Lou Y, Jiang Y, Zhang D. Small molecule compounds promote the proliferation of chondrocytes and chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells in cartilage tissue engineering. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110652. [PMID: 32942151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of tissue engineering to generate cartilage is limited because of low proliferative ability and unstable phenotype of chondrocytes. The sources of cartilage seed cells are mainly chondrocytes and stem cells. A variety of methods have been used to obtain large numbers of chondrocytes, including increasing chondrocyte proliferation and stem cell chondrogenic differentiation via cytokines, genes, and proteins. Natural or synthetic small molecule compounds can provide a simple and effective method to promote chondrocyte proliferation, maintain a stable chondrocyte phenotype, and promote stem cell chondrogenic differentiation. Therefore, the study of small molecule compounds is of great importance for cartilage tissue engineering. Herein, we review a series of small molecule compounds and their mechanisms that can promote chondrocyte proliferation, maintain chondrocyte phenotype, or induce stem cell chondrogenesis. The studies in this field represent significant contributions to the research in cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzhang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyue Lou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Mariano A, Di Sotto A, Leopizzi M, Garzoli S, Di Maio V, Gullì M, Dalla Vedova P, Ammendola S, Scotto d’Abusco A. Antiarthritic Effects of a Root Extract from Harpagophytum procumbens DC: Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Bioactive Phytochemicals. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092545. [PMID: 32842461 PMCID: PMC7551290 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn. is a traditional remedy for osteoarticular diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA), although the bioactive constituents and mechanisms involved are yet to be clarified. In the present study, an aqueous H. procumbens root extract (HPE; containing 1.2% harpagoside) was characterized for its effects on synoviocytes from OA patients and phytochemical composition in polyphenols, and volatile compounds were detected. HPE powder was dissolved in different solvents, including deionized water (HPEH2O), DMSO (HPEDMSO), 100% v/v ethanol (HPEEtOH100), and 50% v/v ethanol (HPEEtOH50). The highest polyphenol levels were found in HPEDMSO and HPEEtOH50, whereas different volatile compounds, mainly β-caryophyllene and eugenol, were detected in all the extracts except for HPEH2O. HPEH2O and HPEDMSO were able to enhance CB2 receptor expression and to downregulate PI-PLC β2 in synovial membranes; moreover, all the extracts inhibited FAAH activity. The present results highlight for the first time a multitarget modulation of the endocannabinoid system by HPE, likely ascribable to its hydrosoluble compounds, along with the presence of volatile compounds in H. procumbens root. Although hydrosoluble compounds seem to be mainly responsible for endocannabinoid modulation by HPE, a possible contribution of volatile compounds can be suggested, strengthening the hypothesis that the entire phytocomplex can contribute to the H. procumbens healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mariano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino-Sapienza University, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.L.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valeria Di Maio
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino-Sapienza University, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.L.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Marco Gullì
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Pietro Dalla Vedova
- UOC di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Ospedale Santa Scolastica di Cassino, ASL di Frosinone, Via S. Pasquale, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
| | - Sergio Ammendola
- Ambiotec S.A.S. Via Appia Nord 47, 04012 Cisterna di Latina (LT), Italy;
| | - Anna Scotto d’Abusco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-0947
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Xu XL, Shu GF, Wang XJ, Qi J, Jin FY, Shen QY, Ying XY, Ji JS, Du YZ. Sialic acid-modified chitosan oligosaccharide-based biphasic calcium phosphate promote synergetic bone formation in rheumatoid arthritis therapy. J Control Release 2020; 323:578-590. [PMID: 32376462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic goals for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) consist of inhibiting the inflammatory response and repairing the damaged bone/cartilage. Tissue engineering could achieve both goals, however, it was hindered due to the lack of biologically relevant tissue complexity, limitation in covering the entire polyarthritis lesions and requirement of extra surgical implantation. Integrating nanotechnologies into clinically sized implants represents a major opportunity to overcome these problems. Herein, we designed a sialic acid (SA)-modified chitosan oligosaccharide-based biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), a biomimetic nanoplatform that could load with methotrexate. We found that SA modification could not only improve the accumulation of the designed organic-inorganic nanoplatform in arthritic paws (34.38% higher than those without SA modification at 48 h), but also cooperate with BCP to exert synergetic mineralization of calcium phosphate, allowing more osteoblasts to attach, proliferate and differentiate. The more differentiated osteoblasts produced 4.46-fold type I collagen and 2.60-fold osteoprotegerin compared to the control group. Besides, the disassembled nanorods released chitosan oligosaccharide-based micelles, revealing a cartilage-protective effect by reducing the loss of glycosaminoglycan. All these improvements contributed to the light inflammatory response and reduced destruction on cartilage/bone. The findings provide a novel strategy for RA therapy via nanometer-scale dimension mimicking the natural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Gao-Feng Shu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Qi
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fei-Yang Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qi-Ying Shen
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ying Ying
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Jian-Song Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, PR China.
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Nanostructured TiC Layer is Highly Suitable Surface for Adhesion, Proliferation and Spreading of Cells. CONDENSED MATTER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat5020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture is usually performed in 2D polymer surfaces; however, several studies are conducted with the aim to screen functional coating molecules to find substrates more suitable for cell adhesion and proliferation. The aim of this manuscript is to compare the cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization of different cell types on different surfaces. Human primary fibroblasts, chondrocytes and osteoblasts isolated from patients undergoing surgery were seeded on polystyrene, poly-d-lysine-coated glass and titanium carbide slides and left to grow for several days. Then their cytoskeleton was analyzed, both by staining cells with phalloidin, which highlights actin fibers, and using Atomic Force Microscopy. We also monitored the production of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Osteocalcin, using ELISA, and we highlighted production of Collagen type I in fibroblasts and osteoblasts and Collagen type II in chondrocytes by immunofluorescences. Fibroblasts, chondrocytes and osteoblasts showed both an improved proliferative activity and a good adhesion ability when cultured on titanium carbide slides, compared to polystyrene and poly-d-lysine-coated glass. In conclusion, we propose titanium carbide as a suitable surface to cultivate cells such as fibroblasts, chondrocytes and osteoblasts, allowing the preservation of their differentiated state and good adhesion properties.
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Lopreiato M, Cocchiola R, Falcucci S, Leopizzi M, Cardone M, Di Maio V, Brocco U, D'Orazi V, Calvieri S, Scandurra R, De Marco F, Scotto d'Abusco A. The Glucosamine-derivative NAPA Suppresses MAPK Activation and Restores Collagen Deposition in Human Diploid Fibroblasts Challenged with Environmental Levels of UVB. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 96:74-82. [PMID: 31769510 DOI: 10.1111/php.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV) component of solar radiation is the driving force of life on earth, but it can cause photoaging and skin cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of the glucosamine-derivative 2-(N-Acetyl)-L-phenylalanylamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucose (NAPA) on human primary fibroblasts (FBs) stimulated in vitro with environmental levels of UVB radiation. FBs were irradiated with 0.04 J cm-2 UVB dose, which resulted a mild dosage as shown by the cell viability and ROS production measurement. This environmental UVB dose induced activation of MAP kinase ERK 1/2, the stimulation of c-fos and at lower extent of c-jun, and in turn AP-1-dependent up-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-8 and suppression of collagen type I expression. On the contrary, 0.04 J cm-2 UVB dose was not able to stimulate metalloprotease production. NAPA treatment was able to suppress the up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 via the inhibition of MAP kinase ERK phosphorylation and the following AP-1 activation, and was able to attenuate the collagen type I down-regulation induced by the UVBs. Taken together, our results show that NAPA, considering its dual action on suppression of inflammation and stimulation of collagen type I production, represents an interesting candidate as a new photoprotective and photorepairing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rossana Cocchiola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Susanna Falcucci
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino-Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Michele Cardone
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sapienza University of Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Maio
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino-Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Umberto Brocco
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Valerio D'Orazi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Calvieri
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sapienza University of Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Scandurra
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Federico De Marco
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
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12
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Şahin Ş, Bilgiç E, Salimi K, Tuncel A, Karaosmanoğlu B, Taşkıran EZ, Korkusuz P, Korkusuz F. Development, characterization and research of efficacy on in vitro cell culture of glucosamine carrying hyaluronic acid nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Cocchiola R, Lopreiato M, Guazzo R, de Santi MM, Eufemi M, Scandurra R, Scotto d’Abusco A. The induction of Maspin expression by a glucosamine-derivative has an antiproliferative activity in prostate cancer cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 300:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Pizzolatti ALA, Gaudig F, Seitz D, Roesler CRM, Salmoria GV. Glucosamine Hydrochloride and N-Acetylglucosamine Influence the Response of Bovine Chondrocytes to TGF-β3 and IGF in Monolayer and Three-Dimensional Tissue Culture. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 15:781-791. [PMID: 30603596 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN·HCl) has been shown to inhibit cell growth and matrix synthesis, but not with N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) supplementation. This effect might be related to an inhibition of critical growth factors (GF), or to a different metabolization of the two glucosamine derivatives. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the synergy between GlcN·HCl, GlcNAc, and GF on proliferation and cartilage matrix synthesis. Method Bovine chondrocytes were cultivated in monolayers for 48 h and in three-dimensional (3D) chitosan scaffolds for 30 days in perfusion bioreactors. Serum-free (SF) medium was supplemented with either growth factors (GF) TGF-β (5 ng mL-1) and IGF-I (10 ng mL-1), GlcN·HCl or GlcNAc at 1mM each or both. Six groups were compared according to medium supplementation: (a) SF control; (b) SF + GlcN·HCl; (c) SF + GlcNAc; (d) SF + GF; (e) SF + GF + GlcN·HCl; and (f) SF + GF + GlcNAc. Cell proliferation, proteoglycan, collagen I (COL1), and collagen II (COL2) synthesis were evaluated. Results The two glucosamines showed opposite effects in monolayer culture: GlcN·HCl significantly reduced proliferation and GlcNAc significantly augmented cellular metabolism. In the 30 days 3D culture, the GlcN·HCl added to GF stimulated cell proliferation more than when compared to GF only, but the proteoglycan synthesis was smaller than GF. However, GlcNAc added to GF improved the cell proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis more than when compared to GF and GF/GlcN·HCl. The synthesis of COL1 and COL2 was observed in all groups containing GF. Conclusion GlcN·HCl and GlcNAc increased cell growth and stimulated COL2 synthesis in long-time 3D culture. However, only GlcNAc added to GF improved proteoglycan synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz A Pizzolatti
- 1Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering (LEBm), University Hospital, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, St. Maria Flora Pausewang, Florianópolis, SC 88036-800 Brazil.,2CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, St. ERL-Norte, Brasília, DF 70.040-020 Brazil
| | - Florian Gaudig
- Friedrich Baur Biomed Center, Bayreuth, St. Ludwig-Thoma- 36c, 95447 Bayreuth, Bavaria Germany.,4University of Bayreuth, St. University 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Bavaria Germany
| | - Daniel Seitz
- Friedrich Baur Biomed Center, Bayreuth, St. Ludwig-Thoma- 36c, 95447 Bayreuth, Bavaria Germany.,4University of Bayreuth, St. University 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Bavaria Germany
| | - Carlos R M Roesler
- 1Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering (LEBm), University Hospital, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, St. Maria Flora Pausewang, Florianópolis, SC 88036-800 Brazil
| | - Gean Vitor Salmoria
- 1Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering (LEBm), University Hospital, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, St. Maria Flora Pausewang, Florianópolis, SC 88036-800 Brazil
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15
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Feng M, Betti M. A novel collagen glycopeptide, Pro-Hyp-CONH-GlcN, stimulates cell proliferation and hyaluronan production in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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16
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Ko KW, Choi B, Park S, Arai Y, Choi WC, Lee JM, Bae H, Han IB, Lee SH. Down-Regulation of Transglutaminase 2 Stimulates Redifferentiation of Dedifferentiated Chondrocytes through Enhancing Glucose Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2359. [PMID: 29112123 PMCID: PMC5713328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of chondrocytes for repair of articular cartilage can lead to dedifferentiation, making it difficult to obtain a sufficient quantity of chondrocytes. Although previous studies have suggested that culture in a three-dimensional environment induces redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes, its underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood in terms of metabolism compared with a two-dimensional environment. In this study, we demonstrate that attenuation of transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a multifunctional enzyme, stimulates redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Fibroblast-like morphological changes increased as TG2 expression increased in passage-dependent manner. When dedifferentiated chondrocytes were cultured in a pellet culture system, TG2 expression was reduced and glycolytic enzyme expression up-regulated. Previous studies demonstrated that TG2 influences energy metabolism, and impaired glycolytic metabolism causes chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Interestingly, TG2 knockdown improved chondrogenic gene expression, glycolytic enzyme expression, and lactate production in a monolayer culture system. Taken together, down-regulation of TG2 is involved in redifferentiaton of dedifferentiated chondrocytes through enhancing glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Won Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea.
| | - Bogyu Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea.
| | - Sunghyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea.
| | - Yoshie Arai
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea.
| | - Won Chul Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Joong-Myung Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Hojae Bae
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - In-Bo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea.
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea.
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17
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Mirzaei S, Karkhaneh A, Soleimani M, Ardeshirylajimi A, Seyyed Zonouzi H, Hanaee-Ahvaz H. Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells using an optimized electrospun nanofibrous PLLA/PEG scaffolds loaded with glucosamine. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2461-2474. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Mirzaei
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center; Tehran 1997775555 Iran
| | - Akbar Karkhaneh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center; Tehran 1997775555 Iran
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Science; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center; Tehran 1997775555 Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Hasti Seyyed Zonouzi
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
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18
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Pellegrino L, Cocchiola R, Francolini I, Lopreiato M, Piozzi A, Zanoni R, Scotto d'Abusco A, Martinelli A. Taurine grafting and collagen adsorption on PLLA films improve human primary chondrocyte adhesion and growth. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:643-649. [PMID: 28763771 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible and degradable poly(α-hydroxy acids) are one of the most widely used materials in scaffolds for tissue engineering. Nevertheless, they often need surface modification to improve interaction with cells. Aminolysis is a common method to increase the polymer hydrophilicity and to introduce surface functional groups, able to covalently link or absorb, through electrostatic interaction, bioactive molecules or macromolecules. For this purpose, multi-functional amines, such as diethylenediamine or hexamethylenediamine are used. However, common drawbacks are their toxicity and the introduction of positive charges on the surface. Thus, these kind of modified surfaces are unable to link directly proteins, such as collagens, a promising substrate for many cell types, in particular chondrocytes and osteoblasts. In this work, poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) film surface was labelled with negatively charged sulfonate groups by grafting taurine (TAU) through an aminolysis reaction. The novel modified PLLA film (PLLA-TAU) was able to interact directly with collagen. The reaction was carried out in mild conditions by using a solution of tetrabutylammonium salt of TAU in methanol. ATR-FTIR, XPS and contact angle measurements were used to verify the outcome of the reaction. After the exchange of tetrabutylamonium cation with Na+, collagen was absorbed on the TAU grafted PLLA film (PLLA-TAU-COLL). In vitro biological tests with human primary chondrocytes showed that PLLA-TAU and PLLA-TAU-COLL improved cell viability and adhesion, compared to the unmodified polymer, suggesting that these modifications make PLLA substrate suitable for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Cocchiola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Iolanda Francolini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lopreiato
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Piozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Robertino Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Scotto d'Abusco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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19
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Chondroprotective activity of N-acetyl phenylalanine glucosamine derivative on knee joint structure and inflammation in a murine model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:589-599. [PMID: 27836674 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic degenerative joint disease, is characterized by joint structure changes and inflammation, both mediated by the IκB kinase (IKK) signalosome complex. The ability of N-acetyl phenylalanine derivative (NAPA) to increase cartilage matrix components and to reduce inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting IKKα kinase activity, has been observed in vitro. The present study aims to further clarify the effect of NAPA in counteracting OA progression, in an in vivo mouse model after destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). DESIGN 26 mice were divided into three groups: (1) DMM surgery without treatment; (2) DMM surgery treated after 2 weeks with one intra-articular injection of NAPA (2.5 mM) and (3) no DMM surgery. At the end of experimental times, both knee joints of the animals were analyzed through histology, histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and microhardness of subchondral bone (SB) tests. RESULTS The injection of NAPA significantly improved cartilage thickness (CT) and reduced Chambers and Mankin modified scores and fibrillation index (FI), with weaker MMP13, ADAMTS5, MMP10 and IKKα staining. The microhardness measurements did not shown statistically significant differences between the different groups. CONCLUSIONS NAPA markedly improved the physical structure of articular cartilage while reducing catabolic enzymes, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and IKKα expression, showing to be able to exert a chondroprotective activity in vivo.
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20
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Takatsu Z, Tsuda M, Yamada A, Matsumoto H, Takai A, Takeda Y, Takase M. Elephant's breast milk contains large amounts of glucosamine. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 79:524-533. [PMID: 28049867 PMCID: PMC5383172 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand-reared elephant calves that are nursed with milk substitutes sometimes suffer bone fractures, probably due to problems associated with nutrition,
exercise, sunshine levels and/or genetic factors. As we were expecting the birth of an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), we analyzed elephant’s
breast milk to improve the milk substitutes for elephant calves. Although there were few nutritional differences between conventional substitutes and elephant’s
breast milk, we found a large unknown peak in the breast milk during high-performance liquid chromatography-based amino acid analysis and determined that it was
glucosamine (GlcN) using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. We detected the following GlcN concentrations [mean ± SD] (mg/100 g) in milk hydrolysates
produced by treating samples with 6M HCl for 24 hr at 110°C: four elephant’s breast milk samples: 516 ± 42, three cow’s milk mixtures: 4.0 ± 2.2, three mare’s
milk samples: 12 ± 1.2 and two human milk samples: 38. The GlcN content of the elephant’s milk was 128, 43 and 14 times greater than those of the cow’s, mare’s
and human milk, respectively. Then, we examined the degradation of GlcN during 0–24 hr hydrolyzation with HCl. We estimated that elephant’s milk contains
>880 mg/100 g GlcN, which is similar to the levels of major amino acids in elephant’s milk. We concluded that a novel GlcN-containing milk substitute should
be developed for elephant calves. The efficacy of GlcN supplements is disputed, and free GlcN is rare in bodily fluids; thus, the optimal molecular form of GlcN
requires a further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenta Takatsu
- Morinyu Sunworld, Research & Information Center, Morinaga Milk, 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
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21
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Igarashi M, Sakamoto K, Nagaoka I. Effect of glucosamine on expression of type II collagen, matrix metalloproteinase and sirtuin genes in a human chondrocyte cell line. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:472-478. [PMID: 28035358 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosamine (GlcN) has been widely used to treat osteoarthritis (OA) in humans. However, the effects of GlcN on genes related to cartilage metabolism are still unknown. In the present study, to elucidate the chondroprotective action of GlcN on OA, we examined the effects of GlcN (0.1-10 mM) on the expression of the sirtuin (SIRT) genes as well as type II collagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) using a human chondrocyte cell line SW 1353. SW 1353 cells were incubated in the absence or presence of GlcN. RT-PCR analyses revealed that GlcN markedly increased the mRNA expression of type II collagen (COL2A1). By contrast, the levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9 mRNA were only slightly increased by GlcN. Furthermore, western blot analyses revealed that GlcN significantly increased the protein level of COL2A1. Importantly, GlcN enhanced the mRNA expression and protein level of SIRT1, an upstream-regulating gene of COL2A1. Moreover, a SIRT1 inhibitor suppressed GlcN-induced COL2A1 gene expression. Together these observations suggest that GlcN enhances the mRNA expression and protein level of SIRT1 and its downstream gene COL2A1 in chondrocytes, thereby possibly exhibiting chondroprotective action on OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Igarashi
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koji Sakamoto
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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22
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Chen CH, Kuo CY, Wang YJ, Chen JP. Dual Function of Glucosamine in Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Cryogel to Modulate Scaffold Mechanical Properties and to Maintain Chondrogenic Phenotype for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1957. [PMID: 27886065 PMCID: PMC5133951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosamine (GlcN) fulfills many of the requirements as an ideal component in scaffolds used in cartilage tissue engineering. The incorporation of GlcN in a gelatin/hyaluronic acid (GH) cryogel scaffold could provide biological cues in maintaining the phenotype of chondrocytes. Nonetheless, substituting gelatin with GlcN may also decrease the crosslinking density and modulate the mechanical properties of the cryogel scaffold, which may be beneficial as physical cues for chondrocytes in the scaffold. Thus, we prepared cryogel scaffolds containing 9% GlcN (GH-GlcN9) and 16% GlcN (GH-GlcN16) by carbodiimide-mediated crosslinking reactions at -16 °C. The crosslinking density and the mechanical properties of the cryogel matrix could be tuned by adjusting the content of GlcN used during cryogel preparation. In general, incorporation of GlcN did not influence scaffold pore size and ultimate compressive strain but increased porosity. The GH-GlcN16 cryogel showed the highest swelling ratio and degradation rate in hyaluronidase and collagenase solutions. On the contrary, the Young's modulus, storage modulus, ultimate compressive stress, energy dissipation level, and rate of stress relaxation decreased by increasing the GlcN content in the cryogel. The release of GlcN from the scaffolds in the culture medium of chondrocytes could be sustained for 21 days for GH-GlcN16 in contrast to only 7 days for GH-GlcN9. In vitro cell culture experiments using rabbit articular chondrocytes revealed that GlcN incorporation affected cell proliferation, morphology, and maintenance of chondrogenic phenotype. Overall, GH-GlcN16 showed the best performance in maintaining chondrogenic phenotype with reduced cell proliferation rate but enhanced glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and type II collagen (COL II) secretion. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction also showed time-dependent up-regulation of cartilage-specific marker genes (COL II, aggrecan and Sox9) for GH-GlcN16. Implantation of chondrocytes/GH-GlcN16 constructs into full-thickness articular cartilage defects of rabbits could regenerate neocartilage with positive staining for GAGs and COL II. The GH-GlcN16 cryogel will be suitable as a scaffold for the treatment of articular cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Yi Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Yan-Jie Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry and Technology, Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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23
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Chang T, Xie J, Li H, Li D, Liu P, Hu Y. MicroRNA-30a promotes extracellular matrix degradation in articular cartilage via downregulation of Sox9. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:207-18. [PMID: 26969024 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sox9 has recently been reported to be a key mediator during cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis (OA). Our aim was to clarify the role of microRNA-30a (miR-30a) and its target gene Sox9 in regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in OA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of miR-30a in cartilage tissues and in primary chondrocytes from healthy and OA donors, was determined by real-time PCR, and levels of Sox9 mRNA and protein were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Subsequently, the target of miR-30a was predicted by bioinformatics and confirmed using a luciferase assay. Expression of ECM-related genes was determined by tissue-specific staining, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and western blotting. The role of miR-30a in OA was examined in vivo using a collagenase-induced OA rat model. RESULTS miR-30a was significantly upregulated and Sox9 was downregulated in primary chondrocytes from cartilage taken from OA donors compared to healthy controls. We showed that miR-30a specifically bound to the 3' UTR of Sox9, and overexpression of miR-30a downregulated expression levels of Sox9, proteoglycan aggrecan, and Col II compared to those induced by small interfering RNA transfection to knockdown Sox9. miR-30a inhibition reversed the effects of ECM degradation in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS miR-30a acts as a virulence MRA in OA, promoting ECM degradation by targeting Sox9 and by modulating activity of its downstream effectors Col II and proteoglycan aggrecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjie Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hongzhuo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.,Department of oncology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, PR, China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
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