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Huang G, Hong W, Wang K, Xu M, Chen B, Qian D, Pei B. Causal analysis of body composition measurements in osteoarthritis knee: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:341. [PMID: 38684987 PMCID: PMC11057087 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyse the causal associations of different physical measures with osteoarthritis knee (KOA). METHODS Exposure factors (weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and basal metabolic rate (BMR)), and outcome factor KOA were analyzed by inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, along with heterogeneity test, sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses. Meta-analysis was used to combine the effect values of IVW methods in different data sources. RESULTS Weight, BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference, hip circumference and BMR analyses showed causal association with increased KOA risk, while WHR analysis indicated a reduction of the incidence of KOA. P-value for all the results was less than 0.05 and F-value large than 20. All results were negative for heterogeneity tests and sensitivity analyses, and there was pleiotropy in weight and BMR. Meta-analysis results showed that the results of Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) for Weight (1.43(1.35-1.51)), BMI (1.40(1.10-1.78)), body fat percentage (1.56(1.44-1.68)), waist circumference (1.40(1.10-1.78)), hip circumference (1.37(1.30-1.44)), WHR (0.86(0.71-1.04)) and BMR (1.36(1.27-1.46) were consistent with the ones by Mendelian randomization analyses. CONCLUSIONS Body fat percentage may be a better indicator of KOA than BMI. In addition, weight and BMR may have a causal effect in KOA, but WHR does not have a causal relationship. BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and hip circumference has a causal effect on KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Huang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Weimin Hong
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery-Hand Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No.1 People's Hospital, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery-Hand Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No.1 People's Hospital, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - BingQian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No.1 People's Hospital, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Da Qian
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery-Hand Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No.1 People's Hospital, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Bin Pei
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China.
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Whaikid P, Piaseu N. The prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in Thai older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Sci 2024; 11:31-45. [PMID: 38352283 PMCID: PMC10859592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence and identify factors associated with sarcopenia in older Thais. Methods Research studies were searched in online databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Thai-Journal Citation Index. The articles included in this review were limited to being published between January 1, 2013 and January 31, 2023 and observational study designs. The research quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies. A meta-analysis was performed using the JBI SUMARI software. The review protocol has been registered on PROSPERO with the assigned ID CRD42023420514. Results A total of 265 research articles were initially identified, out of which 17 articles were included in this study, including a total of 4,668 participants aged 60 years and over, consisting of 1,380 (29.6%) men and 3,288 (70.4%) women. The overall prevalence of sarcopenia in Thai older adults was 20.7% (95% CI 14.4%-27.8%). Subgroup analysis of the sarcopenia prevalence based on the study areas revealed that the prevalence was 33.4% (95% CI 28.7%-38.3%) in hospitalized individuals, 23.2% (95% CI 12.5%-35.9%) in outpatient clinic settings, and 17.3% (95% CI 9.4%-26.8%) in community-living older adults. Advanced age (OR = 4.60, 95% CI 3.07-6.91), being male (OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.37-3.85), low body mass index (BMI) (OR = 8.95, 95% CI 6.05-13.25), and malnutrition (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 2.09-3.70) are strong predictors of sarcopenia in older adults in Thailand. Conclusions This systematic review represents the first assessment of the overall prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in Thai older adults, indicating its significant concern within this population. These findings are of importance for public health management aimed at preventing and managing sarcopenia in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatcharaphon Whaikid
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Noppawan Piaseu
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
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Sun Y, Li Y, Yu T, Zhang J. Causal associations of anthropometric measurements with osteoarthritis: A Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279198. [PMID: 36716300 PMCID: PMC9886244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We believe that there is a causal relationship between waist circumference and knee osteoarthritis. To confirm the hypothesis, we have conducted this study. METHODS Genetic variants associated with the five anthropometric variables were obtained from previous large-scale genomewide association studies. Summary-level data on osteoarthritis were obtained from the UK Biobank. The univariable and multivariable MR framework were used to evaluate the associations. The two-sided p value was considered to be statistically significant at 0.01 (where p = 0.05/5) after Bonferroni correction for the five exposure variables. RESULTS In the univariable MR, there was evidence of a detrimental effect of height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference on osteoarthritis risk in the main IVW analyses (height: OR 1.115, 95% CI 1.054-1.180; weight: OR 1.765, 95% CI 1.650-1.889; BMI: OR 1.952, 95%CI 1.841-2.068; waist circumference: OR 2.140, 95% CI 1.994-2.296; hip circumference: OR 1.719, 95% CI 1.600-1.846). And the analyses on knee osteoarthritis and hip osteoarthritis yielded similar results. However, the multivariable MR showed that only waist circumference was causally associated with osteoarthritis, after adjusting for the confounding exposure effects (waist circumference: OR 1.877, 95% CI 1.286-2.739). Such association was also repeated in the analyses on knee osteoarthritis but not hip osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted the causal associations between waist circumference and knee osteoarthritis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Changchun, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Social Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Changchun, China
| | - Jiting Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Changchun, China
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Greenwood R, Ellison J, Gleeson P, Mitchell K. Reliability of pain scores during a body weight support protocol in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 44:8382-8387. [PMID: 34932439 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.2017028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the reliability of percentage of Body Weight Support (BWS) needed for maximal pain relief and of pain scores across 12 walking conditions including pre and post-over-ground walking and an unweighting protocol from 0% to 40% BWS on a lower body positive pressure (LBPP) treadmill for individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty individuals (64 ± 9.44 years) with knee OA completed over-ground walking and an unweighting protocol on an LBPP treadmill. The amount of BWS started at 0% and increased by 5% increments until it reached 40%. Pain scores were recorded at the end of each increment. RESULTS The reliability of pain scores was assessed using a Spearman's rho. This study found moderate reliability of the percentage of BWS for maximal pain relief. Additionally, there was good reliability of pain scores with pre and post-over-ground walking and from 0% BWS to 30% BWS, but moderate reliability of pain scores was found at 35% and 40% BWS. CONCLUSION This study supports the use of pain scores as a reliable measure during an unweighted walking session on an LBPP treadmill.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONBoth the OARSI and ACR recommend exercise in the treatment of individuals with knee OA but acknowledge that pain during exercise and exercise preference/accessibility are important when considering the type of exercise for an individual.LBPP treadmills decrease pain in individuals with knee OA during walking.Pain scores during unweighted walking show moderate to good reliability for individuals with knee OA.This study provides an unweighting protocol to use clinically to determine the Body Weight Support needed to decrease pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Greenwood
- School of Physical Therapy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer Ellison
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peggy Gleeson
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katy Mitchell
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX, United States
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Ren X, Lutter C, Kebbach M, Bruhn S, Yang Q, Bader R, Tischer T. Compensatory Responses During Slip-Induced Perturbation in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Compared With Healthy Older Adults: An Increased Risk of Falls? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:893840. [PMID: 35782515 PMCID: PMC9240265 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.893840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Functional impairment of the knee joint affected by osteoarthritis and loss of muscle strength leads to a significant increase in the number of falls. Nevertheless, little is known about strategies for coping with gait perturbations in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Thus, this study aimed to examine the compensatory strategies of patients with KOA in response to a backward slip perturbation compared with healthy older adults. Methods: An automated perturbation program was developed by using D-Flow software based on the Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab, and an induced backward slip perturbation was implemented on nine patients with severe KOA (68.89 ± 3.59 years) and 15 age-matched healthy older adults (68.33 ± 3.29 years). Step length, gait speed, range of motion, vertical ground reaction forces, lower extremity joint angles, and joint moments were computed and analyzed. Results: Compared with older adults, patients with KOA had significantly lower step length, gait speed, and vertical ground reaction forces in both normal walking and the first recovery step following backward slip perturbations. Inadequate flexion and extension of joint angles and insufficient generation of joint moments predispose patients with KOA to fall. Hip extension angle and flexion moment, knee range of motion, and vertical ground reaction forces are key monitoring variables. Conclusion: The risk of falls for patients with KOA in response to backward slip perturbations is higher. Patients with KOA should focus not only on quadriceps muscle strength related to knee range of motion but also on improving hip extensor strength and activation through specific exercises. Targeted resistance training and perturbation-based gait training could be better options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Ren
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Lutter
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maeruan Kebbach
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Bruhn
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Qining Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Rainer Bader
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Tischer
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Kim D, Lewis CL, Gill SV. Effects of obesity and foot arch height on gait mechanics: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260398. [PMID: 34843563 PMCID: PMC8629225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot arch structure contributes to lower-limb joint mechanics and gait in adults with obesity. However, it is not well-known if excessive weight and arch height together affect gait mechanics compared to the effects of excessive weight and arch height alone. The purpose of this study was to determine the influences of arch height and obesity on gait mechanics in adults. In this study, 1) dynamic plantar pressure, 2) spatiotemporal gait parameters, 3) foot progression angle, and 4) ankle and knee joint angles and moments were collected in adults with normal weight with normal arch heights (n = 11), normal weight with lower arch heights (n = 10), obesity with normal arch heights (n = 8), and obesity with lower arch heights (n = 18) as they walked at their preferred speed and at a pedestrian standard walking speed, 1.25 m/s. Digital foot pressure data were used to compute a measure of arch height, the Chippaux-Smirak Index (CSI). Our results revealed that BMI and arch height were each associated with particular measures of ankle and knee joint mechanics during walking in healthy young adults: (i) a higher BMI with greater peak internal ankle plantar-flexion moment and (ii) a lower arch height with greater peak internal ankle eversion and abduction moments and peak internal knee abduction moment (i.e., external knee adduction moment). Our results have implications for understanding the role of arch height in reducing musculoskeletal injury risks, improving gait, and increasing physical activity for people living with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daekyoo Kim
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Science, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Cara L. Lewis
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Science, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Simone V. Gill
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Science, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Santos EPRD, Silva CFR, Ohara DG, Matos AP, Pinto ACPN, Pegorari MS. Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score as a discriminator of dynapenic abdominal obesity among community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:467-472. [PMID: 33714904 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to verify the utility of using physical performance to discriminate the presence of dynapenic abdominal obesity (DAO) in older adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 382 community-dwelling older adults. DAO was identified when dynapenia (cut-off points of <26 kilogram-force [kgf] for men and <16 kgf for women) was detected together with abdominal obesity (waist circumference >102 cm for men and >88 cm for women). Physical performance was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). SPPB scores and DAO were inversely associated even after adjustment (OR: 0.69; 95%CI: 0.58-0.83). Cut-off points of ≤9 for SPPB scores were the most efficient for discriminating the presence of DAO in both men (AUC= 0.836; 95%CI: 0.76-0.89; sensitivity: 90.91% and specificity: 60.33%) and women (AUC= 0.677; 95%CI: 0.62-0.73; sensitivity: 73.33% and specificity: 40.91%). Physical performance assessed with SPPB can discriminate DAO and be useful for the timely identification and management of this condition in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elane Priscila Rosa Dos Santos
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Course, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Road, Km - 02, Jardim Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fátima Ribeiro Silva
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Course, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Road, Km - 02, Jardim Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Daniela Gonçalves Ohara
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Course, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Road, Km - 02, Jardim Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Areolino Pena Matos
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Course, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Road, Km - 02, Jardim Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes Pinto
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Course, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Road, Km - 02, Jardim Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Maycon Sousa Pegorari
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Course, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Road, Km - 02, Jardim Marco Zero, CEP 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.
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Figgins E, Pieruccini-Faria F, Speechley M, Montero-Odasso M. Potentially modifiable risk factors for slow gait in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101253. [PMID: 33429086 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Slow gait speed in older adults is associated with increased risk for falls and fractures, functional dependence, multimorbidity, and even mortality. The risk of these adverse outcomes can be reduced by intervening on potentially modifiable risk factors. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify potentially modifiable risk factors associated with slow gait speed and clinically meaningful gait speed decline in older community-dwelling adults. METHODS Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL, Google Scholar, and in the bibliographies of retrieved articles. RESULTS Forty studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative review. Study designs were cross-sectional and longitudinal. Operational definitions of 'slow gait' and 'meaningful gait speed decline' were variable and based on sample distributions (e.g. quartiles), external criteria (e.g. < 0.8 m/s), and dynamic changes over time (e.g. ≥ 0.05 m/s decline per year). Twenty-six potentially modifiable risk factors were assessed in at least two studies. The risk factors most commonly investigated and that showed significant associations with slow gait and/or meaningful gait speed decline include physical activity, education, body mass index-obesity, pain, and depression/depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that there are modifiable targets to maintain gait speed that are amenable to potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Figgins
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Kresge Building, Room K201, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada; Gait and Brain Laboratory, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Frederico Pieruccini-Faria
- Gait and Brain Laboratory, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 0A7, Canada.
| | - Mark Speechley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Kresge Building, Room K201, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada; Gait and Brain Laboratory, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 2M1, Canada.
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Kresge Building, Room K201, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada; Gait and Brain Laboratory, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 0A7, Canada.
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Effects of Obesity on Adaptation Transfer from Treadmill to Over-Ground Walking. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Discerning whether individuals with obesity transfer walking adaptation from treadmill to over-ground walking is critical to advancing our understanding of walking adaptation and its usefulness in rehabilitating obese populations. We examined whether the aftereffects following split-belt treadmill adaptation transferred to over-ground walking in adults with normal-weight body mass index (BMI) and obese BMI. Nineteen young adults with obesity and 19 age-matched adults with normal weight walked on flat ground at their preferred speed before and after walking on a treadmill with tied belts (preferred speed) and with the split-belt at their preferred speed and at a speed 50% slower than their preferred speed. The adaptation and aftereffects in step length and double-limb support time symmetry were calculated. We found that the amount of temporal adaptation was similar for adults with obesity and with normal weight (p > 0.05). However, adults with obesity showed greater asymmetry for double-limb support time following split-belt treadmill walking compared to adults with normal weight (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the transfer of asymmetry for double-limb support time from the treadmill to over-ground walking was less in adults with obesity than in adults with normal weight (p < 0.05). The transfer of adapted gait following split-belt treadmill walking provides insight into how atypical walking patterns in individuals with obesity could be remediated using long-term gait training.
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Wang L, Lu H, Chen H, Jin S, Wang M, Shang S. Development of a model for predicting the 4-year risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in China: a longitudinal cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:65. [PMID: 33632294 PMCID: PMC7908741 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to develop a model for predicting the 4-year risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) based on survey data obtained via a random, nationwide sample of Chinese individuals. Methods Data was analyzed from 8193 middle-aged and older adults included in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The incident of symptomatic KOA was defined as participants who were free of symptomatic KOA at baseline (CHARLS2011) and diagnosed with symptomatic KOA at the 4-year follow-up (CHARLS2015). The effects of potential predictors on the incident of KOA were estimated using logistic regression models and the final model was internally validated using the bootstrapping technique. Model performance was assessed based on discrimination—area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)—and calibration. Results A total of 815 incidents of KOA were identified at the 4-year follow-up, resulting in a cumulative incidence of approximately 9.95%. The final multivariable model included age, sex, waist circumference, residential area, difficulty with activities of daily living (ADLs)/instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), history of hip fracture, depressive symptoms, number of chronic comorbidities, self-rated health status, and level of moderate physical activity (MPA). The risk model showed good discrimination with AUC = 0.719 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.700–0.737) and optimism-corrected AUC = 0.712 after bootstrap validation. A satisfactory agreement was observed between the observed and predicted probability of incident symptomatic KOA. And a simple clinical score model was developed for quantifying the risk of KOA. Conclusion Our prediction model may aid the early identification of individuals at the greatest risk of developing KOA within 4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Han Lu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shida Jin
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shaomei Shang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Fagevik Olsén M, Wiklund M, Sandberg E, Lundqvist S, Dean E. Long-term effects of physical activity prescription after bariatric surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Physiother Theory Pract 2021; 38:1591-1601. [PMID: 33576284 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1885087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effects of physical activity prescription (PAP) in patients after gastric bypass surgery. Patients' physical activity (PA) levels and outcomes were followed over their first postoperative year. METHODS Patients slated for bariatric surgery were randomized to a control group (n = 64) (basic information about postoperative PA) or an intervention group (n = 57) (also received physical therapist-prescribed PAP). Outcome measures were self-reported PA/exercise and sedentary time; and weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and blood lipids; recorded pre-operatively and at 2, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Follow-ups were conducted by nurses/dieticians. Trial registration: "Research and Development in Sweden" number 107371. RESULTS There were no differences between the groups except for higher level of PA (579 vs. 182 minutes/week) six months after surgery (p = .046) and a larger decrease in cholesterol (-24 vs. -8%) after a year (p = .017) in the intervention group. Patients in both groups lost considerable weight, had reduced waist circumference, and increased PA (p < .001). CONCLUSION Although marked differences between groups were not observed over one year, the intervention group increased its PA 6-months postoperatively, but not at other time points. Whether long-term outcomes of PAP use are more robust with physical therapist participation across follow-ups warrants study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fagevik Olsén
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation/Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Wiklund
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation/Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erica Sandberg
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation/Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Lundqvist
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation/Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centrum För Fysisk Aktivitet Göteborg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Dean
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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12
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A multidimensional functional fitness score has a stronger association with type 2 diabetes than obesity parameters in cross sectional data. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245093. [PMID: 33544739 PMCID: PMC7864668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We examine here the association of multidimensional functional fitness with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as compared to anthropometric indices of obesity such as body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in a sample of Indian population. Research design and method We analysed retrospective data of 663 volunteer participants (285 males and 378 females between age 28 and 84), from an exercise clinic in which every participant was required to undergo a health related physical fitness (HRPF) assessment consisting of 15 different tasks examining 8 different aspects of functional fitness. Results The odds of being diabetic in the highest quartile of BMI were not significantly higher than that in the lowest quartile in either of the sexes. The odds of being a diabetic in the highest WHR quartile were significantly greater than the lowest quartile in females (OR = 4.54 (1.95, 10.61) as well as in males (OR = 3.81 (1.75, 8.3). In both sexes the odds of being a diabetic were significantly greater in the lowest quartile of HRPF score than the highest (males OR = 10.52 (4.21, 26.13); females OR = 10.50 (3.53, 31.35)). After removing confounding, the predictive power of HRPF was significantly greater than that of WHR. HRPF was negatively correlated with WHR, however for individuals that had contradicting HRPF and WHR based predictions, HRPF was the stronger predictor of T2DM. Conclusion The association of multidimensional functional fitness score with type 2 diabetes was significantly stronger than obesity parameters in a cross sectional self-selected sample from an Indian city.
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13
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Koo KI, Hwang CH. Five-day rehabilitation of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty using an end-effector gait robot as a neuromodulation blending tool for deafferentation, weight offloading and stereotyped movement: Interim analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241117. [PMID: 33326434 PMCID: PMC7743990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deafferentation and weight offloading can increase brain and spinal motor neuron excitability, respectively. End-effector gait robots (EEGRs) can blend these effects with stereotyped movement-induced neuroplasticity. The authors aimed to evaluate the usefulness of EEGRs as a postoperative neuro-muscular rehabilitation tool. This prospective randomized controlled trial included patients who had undergone unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: one using a 200-step rehabilitation program in an EEGR or the other using a walker on a floor (WF) three times a day for five weekdays. The two groups were compared by electrophysiological and biomechanical methods. Since there were no more enrollments due to funding issues, interim analysis was performed. Twelve patients were assigned to the EEGR group and eight patients were assigned to the WF group. Although the muscle volume of the quadriceps and hamstring did not differ between the two groups, the normalized peak torque of the operated knee flexors (11.28 ± 16.04 Nm/kg) was improved in the EEGR group compared to that of the operated knee flexors in the WF group (4.25 ± 14.26 Nm/kg) (p = 0.04). The normalized compound motor action potentials of the vastus medialis (VM) and biceps femoris (BF) were improved in the EEGR group (p < 0.05). However, the normalized real-time peak amplitude and total, mean area under the curve of VM were decreased during rehabilitation in the EEGR group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between operated and non-operated knees in the EEGR group. Five-day EEGR-assisted rehabilitation induced strengthening in the knee flexors and the muscular reactivation of the BF and VM after TKA, while reducing the real-time use of the VM. This observation may suggest the feasibility of this technique: EEGR modulated the neuronal system of the patients rather than training their muscles. However, because the study was underpowered, all of the findings should be interpreted with the utmost caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo-In Koo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Hwang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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14
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Chopp-Hurley JN, Wiebenga EG, Keller HH, Maly MR. Diet and Nutrition Risk Affect Mobility and General Health in Osteoarthritis: Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:2147-2155. [PMID: 31761950 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined whether aspects of diet and nutrition risk explain variance in physical capacity and general health, after controlling for covariates, in Canadian adults with osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Data from 1,404 participants with hand, hip, and/or knee OA were included. A series of regression analyses were conducted with independent variables of food intake (fiber and high calorie snack intake) and nutrition risk; and dependent variables of physical capacity and general health. Physical capacity was characterized through grip strength and a pooled index of four mobility tests. General health was characterized through an index of self-reported general health, mental health, and healthy aging. RESULTS Higher fiber intake was related to greater mobility (p = .01). Food intake was not related to any other outcome. Nutrition risk was significantly associated with mobility (p < .001) and general health (p < .001); those with a high nutrition risk classification had poorer general health (p < .001, d = 0.65) than those at low nutrition risk. As well, those with moderate nutrition risk had poorer general health than those with low nutrition risk (p = .001, d = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS Nutrition risk screening for older adults with OA provides insight into behavioral characteristics associated with reduced mobility and poorer general health. Also, those consuming greater amounts of fiber demonstrated better mobility. Thus, this research suggests that quality of diet and nutritional behaviors can impact both physical and mental aspects of health in those with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn N Chopp-Hurley
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily G Wiebenga
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather H Keller
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica R Maly
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Christiansen MB, Thoma LM, Master H, Voinier D, White DK. The Association of an Increasing Waist Circumference and Risk of Incident Low Physical Function in Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 2020; 47:1550-1556. [PMID: 32173659 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate an 8-year change in waist circumference (WC) with the risk of incident low physical function over 1 year in adults with, or at risk of, knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative were used. Change in WC was measured from study enrollment (0 month) to the 96-month visit and classified as Increase (≥ 5cm gain) or Maintain (< 5cm gain). We identified World Health Organization (WHO) risk category based on WC at study enrollment as Large WC (males ≥ 102 cm, females ≥ 88 cm) or Small WC (males < 102 cm, females < 88 cm). The outcome was incident low physical function (≥ 28 Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical function subscale) at the 108-month visit. To investigate the association of the 8-year change in WC with the risk of low physical function, we calculated risk ratios (95% CI) and adjusted for potential confounders. We repeated the analyses stratified by the WHO disease risk category. RESULTS The Increase WC group had 1.43 (95% CI 1.04-1.96) times the risk of incident low physical function compared to adults in the Maintain WC group. Adults with a Large WC at baseline who increased WC had 1.55 (95% CI 1.00-2.37) times the risk of incident low physical function compared to those who maintained WC. Adults with a Small WC at baseline who increased WC had 1.97 (95% CI 0.84-4.63) times the risk compared to those who maintained WC. CONCLUSION Increasing WC increases the risk of incident low physical function in the following year. Maintaining WC may mitigate developing low physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith B Christiansen
- M.B. Christiansen, Research Assistant, DPT, D. Voinier, Research Assistant, DPT, D.K. White, Associate Professor, ScD, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, and Biomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program, University of Delaware, Delaware;
| | - Louise M Thoma
- L.M. Thoma, Assistant Professor, PhD, Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hiral Master
- H. Master, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, PhD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dana Voinier
- M.B. Christiansen, Research Assistant, DPT, D. Voinier, Research Assistant, DPT, D.K. White, Associate Professor, ScD, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, and Biomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program, University of Delaware, Delaware
| | - Daniel K White
- M.B. Christiansen, Research Assistant, DPT, D. Voinier, Research Assistant, DPT, D.K. White, Associate Professor, ScD, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, and Biomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program, University of Delaware, Delaware
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16
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Gill SV, Abplanalp SJ, Keegan L, Fulford D. Effort-Based Decision-Making and Gross Motor Performance: Are They Linked? Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060347. [PMID: 32512760 PMCID: PMC7349528 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between effort-based decision making and gross motor performance. Effort-based decision making was measured using a modified version of the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT), in which participants pressed a button on a keyboard to fill a bar on a screen for monetary reward. Participants received monetary rewards that were commensurate with the level of effort that they were willing to expend. Gross motor performance was measured with a walking task, in which participants matched their steps to the beat of an audio metronome; they walked to metronome beats that were slower and also faster than their normal walking pace. We hypothesized that increased effort during the effort-based decision making task would be paired with an increase in steps taken per minute during the gross motor task. However, the results of this study indicated a lack of a statistically significant relationship between the effort-based decision making task and the gross motor task. Planning rather than decision-making may have been the cognitive construct that governed our gross motor task. These findings can be beneficial when thinking about potential interventions for populations who experience deficits in motor performance and cognition as well as for understanding the relationship between both cognitive and motor performance in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone V. Gill
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.J.A.); (L.K.); (D.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Psychology & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(617)-353-7513
| | - Samuel J. Abplanalp
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.J.A.); (L.K.); (D.F.)
| | - Laura Keegan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.J.A.); (L.K.); (D.F.)
| | - Daniel Fulford
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.J.A.); (L.K.); (D.F.)
- Department of Psychology & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Marcos-Delgado A, Fernández-Villa T, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Castañer O, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem JLL, García-Molina L, Tur JA, de Paz JA, Pintó X, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Babio N, Gimenez-Alba IM, Toledo E, Zomeño MD, Zulet MA, Vaquero-Luna J, Pérez-López J, Pastor-Morel A, Galmes-Panades AM, García-Rios A, Casas R, Bernal-López MR, Santos-Lozano JM, Becerra-Tomás N, Ortega-Azorin C, Vázquez-Ruiz Z, Pérez-Vega KA, Abete I, Sorto-Sánchez C, Palau-Galindo A, Galilea-Zabalza I, Muñoz-Martínez J, Martín V. The Effect of Physical Activity and High Body Mass Index on Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3728. [PMID: 32466190 PMCID: PMC7277554 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the level of physical activity (PA) and the degree of obesity with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) who participated in the Predimed-Plus study. A total of 6875 subjects between 55 and 75 years of age with MetS were selected and randomized in 23 Spanish centers. Subjects were classified according to categories of body mass index (BMI). PA was measured with the validated Registre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) questionnaire and subjects were classified according to their PA level (light, moderate, vigorous) and the HRQoL was measured with the validated short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. By using the ANOVA model, we found a positive and statistically significant association between the level of PA and the HRQoL (aggregated physical and mental dimensions p < 0.001), but a negative association with higher BMI in aggregated physical dimensions p < 0.001. Furthermore, women obtained lower scores compared with men, more five points in all fields of SF-36. Therefore, it is essential to promote PA and body weight control from primary care consultations to improve HRQoL, paying special attention to the differences that sex incurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marcos-Delgado
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.M.-D.); (J.A.d.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Tania Fernández-Villa
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.M.-D.); (J.A.d.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.D.Z.); (K.A.P.-V.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.Z.); (I.A.)
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.V.-L.); (C.S.-S.)
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (L.G.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 29009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - J. LLuís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria & Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Laura García-Molina
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (L.G.-M.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Antonio de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.M.-D.); (J.A.d.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Josep Vidal
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Endocrinology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD, University Autonoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Ignacio M Gimenez-Alba
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Dolores Zomeño
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.D.Z.); (K.A.P.-V.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - M. A. Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.Z.); (I.A.)
| | - Jessica Vaquero-Luna
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.V.-L.); (C.S.-S.)
| | - Jessica Pérez-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Aina M Galmes-Panades
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Rios
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Rosa Bernal-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Departament of Internal Medicine, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 29009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karla Alejandra Pérez-Vega
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.D.Z.); (K.A.P.-V.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Itziar Abete
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.Z.); (I.A.)
| | - Carolina Sorto-Sánchez
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.V.-L.); (C.S.-S.)
| | - Antoni Palau-Galindo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Iñigo Galilea-Zabalza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (J.A.M.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (J.L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (N.B.); (I.M.G.-A.); (E.T.); (J.P.-L.); (A.M.G.-P.); (A.G.-R.); (R.C.); (M.R.B.-L.); (J.M.S.-L.); (N.B.-T.); (C.O.-A.); (Z.V.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (I.G.-Z.)
| | - Júlia Muñoz-Martínez
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.D.Z.); (K.A.P.-V.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Vicente Martín
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.M.-D.); (J.A.d.P.); (V.M.)
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (L.G.-M.)
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Tabue-Teguo M, Perès K, Simo N, Le Goff M, Perez Zepeda MU, Féart C, Dartigues JF, Amieva H, Cesari M. Gait speed and body mass index: Results from the AMI study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229979. [PMID: 32155194 PMCID: PMC7064171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While physical frailty and malnutrition/obesity (parameters easily measured by a nurse) are not the same, older persons who are malnourished/obese are more likely to be frail and there is a potential overlap between these conditions. The objective was to examine the relationship between gait speed (GS) and body mass index (BMI) in men and women aged 75 years and older. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Data from the Aging Multidisciplinary Investigation (AMI), a French prospective cohort study with participants randomly selected from the farmer Health Insurance rolls. MEASUREMENTS Usual GS was measured over a 4 meters-track. BMI was categorized using clinical cut-points for European populations: (e.g, <20.0 kg/m2; 20.0-24.9 kg/m2; 25.0-29.9 kg/m2; 30.0-34.9 kg/m2; ≥35.0 kg/m2). RESULTS The current analyses were performed in 449 participants. Mean age was 81 years. Being malnourished/obese was significantly associated with slow GS. Unadjusted and age-adjusted models showed that underweight, overweight and obesity statuses were significantly associated with slow GS for both women (0.83m/s [0.61; 1.04], 0.87m/s [0.72; 1.02], 0.70 m/s [0.41; 0.98], respectively) and men (0.83m/s [0.61; 1.04], 1.11m/s [1.03; 1.20], 0.97m/s [0.75; 1.19], respectively). CONCLUSION Malnourished/obese are associated with slow GS in older persons. These variables could be contributed at comprehensively and complementarily assessing the older person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maturin Tabue-Teguo
- CHU de Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe, France
- INSERM 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Equipe LAMIA, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- * E-mail: (MTT); (MC)
| | - Karine Perès
- INSERM 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Mélanie Le Goff
- INSERM 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mario Ulises Perez Zepeda
- Departamento de Investigacion de Epidemiologia y geriatria, Instituto Nacional de Geriatria, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Envejecimiento, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Catherine Féart
- INSERM 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Dartigues
- INSERM 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Amieva
- INSERM 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail: (MTT); (MC)
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Level of obesity is directly associated with the clinical and functional consequences of knee osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3601. [PMID: 32107449 PMCID: PMC7046749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most important risk factors of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but its impact on clinical and functional consequences is less clear. The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to describe the relation between body mass index (BMI) and clinical expression of KOA. Participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and KOA completed anonymous self-administered questionnaires. They were classified according to BMI in three groups: overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2), stage I obesity (BMI 30-35 kg/m2) and stage II/III obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2). The groups were compared in terms of pain, physical disability, level of physical activity (PA) and fears and beliefs concerning KOA. Among the 391 individuals included, 57.0% were overweight, 28.4% had stage I obesity and 14.6% had stage II/III obesity. Mean pain score on a 10-point visual analog scale was 4.3 (SD 2.4), 5.0 (SD 2.6) and 5.2 (SD 2.3) with overweight, stage I and stage II/III obesity, respectively (p = 0.0367). The mean WOMAC function score (out of 100) was 36.2 (SD 20.1), 39.5 (SD 21.4) and 45.6 (SD 18.4), respectively (p = 0.0409). The Knee Osteoarthritis Fears and Beliefs Questionnaire total score (KOFBEQ), daily activity score and physician score significantly differed among BMI groups (p = 0.0204, p = 0.0389 and p = 0.0413, respectively), and the PA level significantly differed (p = 0.0219). We found a dose-response relation between BMI and the clinical consequences of KOA. Strategies to treat KOA should differ by obesity severity. High PA level was associated with low BMI and contributes to preventing the clinical consequences of KOA.
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Ibrahim Q, Ahsan M. Measurement of Visceral Fat, Abdominal Circumference and Waist-hip Ratio to Predict Health Risk in Males and Females. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 22:168-173. [PMID: 31930817 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.168.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Obesity is a risk factor for a broad range of diseases. This study aimed to estimate association between selected variables (visceral fat, abdominal circumference and waist-hip ratio) and health risk in between male and female. MATERIALS AND METHODS The university student based cross-sectional study was conducted among male and female students. The anthropometric measurements were taken through the auto-calibrated digital scale. Bioelectrical impedance analyzer device was used to determine visceral fat area, abdominal circumference and waist-hip ratio. Independent t-test and Pearson Chi-Square was used for statistical analysis. To see the association among the all three variables, scatter plots were also drawn. RESULTS The results showed that 28.3% male and 9.4% female at risk for visceral fat, for the abdominal circumference 16.9% male and 6% female at risk and for waist-hip ratio 27.5% male and 6% female fell under risk category. There was a significant relationship among all variable for male and female. CONCLUSION Findings suggested that visceral fat area, abdominal circumference and waist-hip ratio were strong predictors of health risk. Male were more prone to health risk than female participants.
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Gill SV. Effects of obesity class on flat ground walking and obstacle negotiation. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2019; 19:448-454. [PMID: 31789295 PMCID: PMC6944801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although much is known about the impact of obesity on gait, not much is understood about how classes of obesity affect movement. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of weight classification on walking. METHODS Sixty-seven women with normal BMI (n=13), overweight/Class I obesity (n=18), Class II obesity (n=16), and Class III obesity (n=20) participated. Gait parameters (velocity and percent of the gait cycle spent in swing and stance phases) were collected as participants walked on flat ground and crossed three obstacle heights. RESULTS Adults with normal BMI had faster velocities (F(3,63)=12.60, p=.000017), shorter portions of the gait cycle spent in stance (F(3,62)=7.29, p=.00029), and a larger percent of the gait cycle spent in swing than those with higher BMI scores (F(3,62)=5.43, p=.002). Adults with overweight/Class I obesity had faster velocities than those with Class III obesity (p=.000082, d=1.20) as well as less variable velocities than those with Class II (p=.002, d=-.40) and Class III (p=.01, d=-1.0) obesity. No differences in velocity were found between those with Class II and Class III obesity (p=.12, d=.57). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the need to encourage adults to decrease overweight/Class I obesity but that an equally important goal is to prevent an increase in BMI leading to Class II obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone V. Gill
- Boston University Department of Occupational Therapy,Boston University Department of Medicine,Boston University Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences,Corresponding author: Simone V. Gill, PhD, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215 E-mail:
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Spinoso DH, Bellei NC, Marques NR, Navega MT. Quadriceps muscle weakness influences the gait pattern in women with knee osteoarthritis. Adv Rheumatol 2018; 58:26. [DOI: 10.1186/s42358-018-0027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Shea MK, Loeser RF, McAlindon TE, Houston DK, Kritchevsky SB, Booth SL. Association of Vitamin K Status Combined With Vitamin D Status and Lower-Extremity Function: A Prospective Analysis of Two Knee Osteoarthritis Cohorts. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2018; 70:1150-1159. [PMID: 29045002 PMCID: PMC5904020 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamins K and D are important for the function of vitamin K-dependent proteins in joint tissues. It is unclear whether these nutrients are mutually important to functional outcomes related to knee osteoarthritis (OA). We evaluated the association of vitamin K and D sufficiency with lower-extremity function in the Health, Aging and Body Composition knee OA substudy (Health ABC) and conducted a replication analysis in an independent cohort, the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). METHODS In Health ABC (60% female, mean ± SD age 75 ± 3 years) baseline nutrient status was measured using circulating vitamin K and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D). Lower-extremity function was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and usual 20-meter gait speed. In the OAI (58% female, mean ± SD age 61 ± 9 years), baseline nutrient intake was estimated by food frequency questionnaire. Lower-extremity function was assessed using usual 20-meter gait speed and chair stand completion time. Multivariate mixed models were used to evaluate the association of vitamin K and D status and intake with lower-extremity function over 4-5 years. RESULTS Health ABC participants with sufficient plasma vitamin K (≥1.0 nmoles/liter) and serum 25(OH)D (≥50 nmoles/liter) generally had better SPPB scores and faster usual gait speed over followup (P ≤ 0.002). In the OAI, sufficient vitamin K and vitamin D intake combined was associated with overall faster usual gait speed and chair stand completion time over followup (P ≤ 0.029). CONCLUSION Sufficient vitamin K status combined with sufficient vitamin D status was associated with better lower-extremity function in 2 knee OA cohorts. These findings merit confirmation in vitamin K and D co-supplementation trials.
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Dulac MC, Carvalho LP, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Functional capacity depends on lower limb muscle strength rather than on abdominal obesity in active postmenopausal women. Menopause 2018; 25:176-181. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Differential involvement of synovial adipokines in pain and physical function in female patients with knee osteoarthritis. A cross-sectional study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:276-284. [PMID: 29196131 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipokines have been reported to play a role in the development, progression and severity of knee osteoarthritis but the influence of the different adipokines are not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between different synovial fluid adipokines with pain and disability knee osteoarthritis patients. METHODS Cross-sectional study with systematic inclusion of 115 symptomatic primary knee osteoarthritis female patients with ultrasound-confirmed joint effusion. Age, physical exercise, symptoms duration and different anthropometric measurements were collected. Radiographic severity was evaluated according to Kellgren-Lawrence scale. Pain and disability were assessed by WOMAC-total, -pain, -function subscales and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain and function scales. Seven adipokines and three inflammatory markers were measured by ELISA in synovial fluid. Partial Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and corresponding 95% confidence interval were used as a measure of association. RESULTS Leptin, osteopontin and inflammatory factors, especially TNF-alpha, were associated to pain and function. After adjustment for potential confounders including inflammatory factors and all adipokines, an association was found for adiponectin with pain (PCC 0.240 [0.012, 0.444]) and for resistin and visfatin with function (PCC 0.336 [0.117, 0.524] and -0.262 [-0.463, -0.036]). No other adipokines or inflammatory markers were statistically and independently associated. An association between physical exercise and pain and disability remained after adjustment, whereas an attenuation of the influence of anthropometric measurements was observed. CONCLUSIONS Different patterns of association between synovial fluid adipokines were observed regarding pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis patients. Specifically, adiponectin was associated to pain while resistin and visfatin were mainly related to function.
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Scarpina F, Cau N, Cimolin V, Galli M, Castelnuovo G, Priano L, Pianta L, Corti S, Mauro A, Capodaglio P. Body-scaled action in obesity during locomotion: Insights on the nature and extent of body representation disturbances. J Psychosom Res 2017; 102:34-40. [PMID: 28992895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conscious perception of our own body, also known as body image, can influence body-scaled actions. Certain conditions such as obesity are frequently accompanied by a negative body image, leaving open the question if body-scaled actions are distorted in these individuals. METHODS To shed light on this issue, we asked individuals affected by obesity to process dimensions of their own body in a real action: they walked in a straight-ahead direction, while avoiding collision with obstacles represented by door-like openings that varied in width. RESULTS Participants affected by obesity showed a body rotation behavior similar to that of the healthy weighted, but differences emerged in parameters such as step length and velocity. CONCLUSION When participants with obesity walk through door-like openings, their body parts rotation is scaled according to their physical body dimensions; however, they might try to minimize risk of collision. Our study is in line with the hypothesis that unconscious body-scaled actions are related to emotional, cognitive and perceptual components of a negative body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scarpina
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy.
| | - Nicola Cau
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Cimolin
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Galli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS "San Raffaele Pisana", Tosinvest Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy; Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Priano
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neuro-Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy
| | - Lucia Pianta
- Division of Neurology and Neuro-Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy; Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Orthopedic Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauro
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Division of Neurology and Neuro-Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Orthopedic Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy
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