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Chatzivasileiou P, Armeni E, Chedraui P, Kontou L, Augoulea A, Palaiologou A, Kaparos G, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, Vlachos N, Lambrinoudaki I. Postmenopausal women with higher TSH values within the normal range present improved handgrip strength: a pilot study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2333432. [PMID: 38567465 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2333432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible association between thyroid function within the euthyroid range and musculoskeletal parameters as well as body composition in a sample of postmenopausal women. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 96 postmenopausal women with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) within the normal laboratory reference range. Fasting venous blood samples were obtained for biochemical/hormonal assessment. Bone status and body composition were measured using Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical activity was quantified using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) index. RESULTS Serum TSH correlated with handgrip strength (HGS, r-coefficient = 0.233, p = .025), and total body bone mineral density (BMD) T-score values (r-coefficient = 0.321, p = .003). HGS measures were associated with BMD (r-coefficient = 0.415, p < .001), with bone mineral content (BMC, r-coefficient = 0.427, p < .001), and lean mass (r-coefficient = 0.326, p = .003). Women with low muscle strength, defined as HGS < 16 kg, had lower TSH levels than women with normal muscle strength (low vs. normal muscle strength, ANCOVA 1.13 ± 0.49 mU/L vs. 1.60 ± 0.83 mU/L, p = 0.024) independently of age, BMD, percentage of body fat or absolute lean mass. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that HGS values were associated with TSH measurements (β-coefficient = 0.246, p = .014) and BMD T-score values (β-coefficient = 0.306, p = .002). All models were adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), vitamin D, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, current smoking, physical activity, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS In this sample of postmenopausal women, lower serum TSH values, within normal range, were associated with lower muscle strength compared to higher normal TSH values. Further research is needed to elucidate the significance of our preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Chatzivasileiou
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menopause Clinic, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Armeni
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menopause Clinic, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Royal Free Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Escuela de Posgrado en Salud, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - Loraina Kontou
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menopause Clinic, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Areti Augoulea
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menopause Clinic, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Palaiologou
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menopause Clinic, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kaparos
- Biochemical Laboratory, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Panoulis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menopause Clinic, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Alexandrou
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menopause Clinic, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vlachos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menopause Clinic, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menopause Clinic, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Takahashi I, Watanabe K, Kawashima H, Noguchi H, Sato J, Ishii Y. Relationship between physical functional status indicators and bone mineral density in older women. J Orthop 2024; 57:104-108. [PMID: 39006210 PMCID: PMC11245917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis significantly predisposes patients to fragility fractures and a reduced quality of life. Therefore, osteoporosis prevention plays an important role in extending healthy life expectancy. The purpose of this study was to identify whether physical functional status was associated with low bone mineral density, and to determine cut-off values of physical status indicators for osteoporosis. Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated 343 women aged 60 years or older who were able to walk independently. The measured variables were the body mass index, lumbar and total hip bone mineral density, grip strength, 5-m normal walking speed, one-leg standing time, timed up-and-go test, and skeletal muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The associations between physical status indicators and low bone mineral density were analyzed and the cut-off values for detecting osteoporosis were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Results The prevalence of osteoporosis was 29.2 %. All measured variables significantly differed between the osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic groups (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated with osteoporosis were the skeletal muscle mass index, walking speed, and body mass index. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cut-off values of the skeletal muscle mass index, walking speed, and body mass index associated with osteoporosis were 6.31 kg/m2, 1.29 m/s, and 22.6 kg/m2, respectively. Conclusions Older women with low bone mineral density have lower skeletal muscle mass, slower walking speed, and lower body mass index. Measuring the skeletal muscle mass index, walking speed, and body mass index might be useful for daily exercise guidance or osteoporosis screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Takahashi
- Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan
| | - Kei Watanabe
- Niigata Spine Surgery Center, 2-5-22 Nishimachi, Konanku, Niigata, Niigata, 950-0165, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1 Asahimachi Dori Niigata, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan
| | - Hideo Noguchi
- Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan
| | - Junko Sato
- Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ishii
- Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan
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Maeda K, Imatani J, Narazaki S, Ozaki T. Bone mineral density, limb muscle mass, muscle strength, and exercise capacity are reduced in female patients with distal radius fractures when the unaffected side grip strength is less than 18 kg. J Orthop Sci 2023; 28:1279-1284. [PMID: 36182638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of domino effects after distal radius fractures is important for improving life expectancy. Fragility fractures secondary to falls are associated with decreased bone mineral density, muscle strength, and exercise capacity. Grip strength is one of the simplest and most useful tests to comprehensively judge muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to examine whether grip strength is associated with bone mineral density, limb muscle mass, muscle strength, and exercise capacity, by comparing patient backgrounds based on the presence or absence of grip weakness in female patients with distal radius fractures. METHODS This study included women with distal radius fractures who visited our orthopedics outpatient department between April 2015 and April 2020. Bone mineral density, limb muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass index, muscle strength (grip strength on unaffected side and quadriceps muscle strength), the Timed Up and Go test, and the Two-Step test were evaluated six to eight weeks after injury. Patients were divided into two groups according to the cutoff value of grip strength (18-21 kg), and 90 age-adjusted and matched participants were compared and examined. RESULTS At the cutoff value of 18 kg, a significant decrease in lumbar spine and total proximal femur bone mineral density (p < 0.05, p < 0.05), limb muscle mass and skeletal muscle mass index (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), quadriceps femoris muscle strength (p < 0.01), the Timed Up and Go test (p < 0.05), and the Two-Step test (p < 0.01), was observed in the grip-weakness group compared to that in the no-grip-weakness group. CONCLUSIONS In women with distal radius fracture and grip strength <18 kg on the unaffected side, bone mineral density, limb muscle mass, quadriceps femoris strength, and exercise capacity may be reduced. These results suggest reduced grip strength may be an indicator for further testing to prevent domino effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junya Imatani
- Department of Orthopedics, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, Japan
| | - Shinji Narazaki
- Department of Orthopedics, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopedics, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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Wang L, Ye C, Zhao F, Wu H, Wang R, Zhang Z, Li J. Association Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and the Risk of Fracture in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e43501. [PMID: 37590048 PMCID: PMC10472179 DOI: 10.2196/43501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in tissue injury, osteoporosis, and fracture. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a tool for assessing the potential for inflammation in the diet. However, the association between the DII and fractures remains controversial from previous studies. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the correlation between the DII and fracture risk in Chinese adults. METHODS We included 11,999 adults (5519 men and 6480 women) who were a part of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997-2015) prospective cohort. A 3-day, 24-hour meal review method was used to calculate the DII score. The fractures were identified using a questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for fractures. Subgroup, sensitivity, and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed. RESULTS During the 18 years of follow-up (median follow-up 9.0 years), 463 men and 439 women developed fractures. The median DII score was 0.64 (IQR -1.74 to 1.46) for the total sample, 0.75 (IQR -1.68 to 1.50) for men, and 0.53 (IQR -1.79 to 1.42) for women. The DII score had a positive correlation with the risk of fracture among women but not among men. For men, after adjusting for covariates, the HRs for quintiles of DII were 1, 0.96 (95% CI 0.66-1.41), 1.05 (95% CI 0.74-1.49), 0.89 (95% CI 0.62-1.26), and 0.94 (95% CI 0.67-1.34; trend: P=.62). The HRs for women were 1, 1.13 (95% CI 0.72-1.79), 1.24 (95% CI 0.83-1.86), 1.51 (95% CI 1.02-2.22), and 1.62 (95% CI 1.10-2.39; trend: P=.004). The restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant association between fracture risk and DII score in women (overall association: P=.01); as the DII scores were >0.53, HRs showed a significant upward trend. Women aged <50 years or who are nonsmokers, who are nondrinkers, or with nonabdominal obesity had a positive association between fracture risk and the DII score. In sensitivity analyses, after excluding people with diabetes or hypertension, there was still a positive association between fracture risk and the DII score in women. Among the DII components, the DII scores of protein (trend: P=.03), niacin (trend: P=.002), and iron (trend: P=.02) showed significant associations with the risk of fracture in women. CONCLUSIONS Proinflammatory diet consumption increased the fracture risk in Chinese women aged <50 years. The high consumption of anti-inflammatory foods and low consumption of proinflammatory foods may be an important strategy to prevent fractures in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghong Zhao
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Beijing's Key Laboratory of Food Safety Toxicology Research and Evaluation, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Beijing Fengtai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Mizukami S, Arima K, Abe Y, Tomita Y, Nakashima H, Honda Y, Uchiyama M, Ookawachi T, Goto H, Hasegawa M, Sou Y, Kanagae M, Osaki M, Aoyagi K. Association between fat mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis and bone mass by quantitative ultrasound in relation to grip strength and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in postmenopausal Japanese women: the Unzen study. J Physiol Anthropol 2022; 41:7. [PMID: 35264253 PMCID: PMC8908611 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether fat mass or lean mass affects bone mass in postmenopausal women is controversial. This study aimed to explore the association between body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and bone mass measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in postmenopausal women in Japan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study, The Unzen Study, on 382 community-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women (mean (standard deviation) age: 68.2 (7.2) years) who participated in periodic health examinations. The stiffness index (SI) was measured using QUS, and body composition (e.g., fat mass and muscle mass) was measured using BIA. Grip strength was measured. Fasting blood samples were collected, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured. Data on current smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and any comorbidities (heart disease, lung disease, stroke, or diabetes mellitus) were collected. Results The SI increased with increasing quartiles of fat mass and muscle mass (both p for trend < 0.001), respectively. There were positive correlations between SI and log (25(OH)D) or grip strength. Fat mass significantly correlated with grip strength. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that higher fat mass was independently and significantly associated with higher SI after adjusting for age, height, comorbidity, current smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, log (25(OH)D), log (TRACP-5b), log (PTH), and grip strength (p = 0.001). In contrast, no association was observed between muscle mass and SI. Conclusions Fat mass, but not muscle mass, was a significant determinant of SI in community-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women.
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Current Status of the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169465. [PMID: 36012730 PMCID: PMC9408932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis has been defined as the silent disease of the 21st century, becoming a public health risk due to its severity, chronicity and progression and affecting mainly postmenopausal women and older adults. Osteoporosis is characterized by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone production. It is diagnosed through different methods such as bone densitometry and dual X-rays. The treatment of this pathology focuses on different aspects. On the one hand, pharmacological treatments are characterized by the use of anti-resorptive drugs, as well as emerging regenerative medicine treatments such as cell therapies and the use of bioactive hydrogels. On the other hand, non-pharmacological treatments are associated with lifestyle habits that should be incorporated, such as physical activity, diet and the cessation of harmful habits such as a high consumption of alcohol or smoking. This review seeks to provide an overview of the theoretical basis in relation to bone biology, the existing methods for diagnosis and the treatments of osteoporosis, including the development of new strategies.
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Confortin SC, Aristizábal LYG, Bragança MLBM, Cavalcante LC, Alves JDDA, Batista RFL, Simões VMF, Viola PCDAF, Barbosa AR, da Silva AAM. Are Fat Mass and Lean Mass Associated with Grip Strength in Adolescents? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163259. [PMID: 36014765 PMCID: PMC9416332 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The interaction between lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass index (FMI) with grip strength (GS) has not been explored in the same analysis model in adolescents. This study thus aims to analyze the association between FMI and LBM with GS. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the 2016 follow-up of the 1997/98 Birth Cohort of São Luís. Grip strength was assessed by the Jamar Plus + dynamometer. The LBM and FMI indexes were assessed [ratio of the mass (lean or fat-kg) to height (m2)]. The confounding variables identified for the relationship between FMI and LBM with GS in the same analysis model, by directed acyclic graph (DAG), were sex, age, race, work, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, and consumption of ultra-processed foods and culinary preparations, used in the adjusted analysis. Results: A total of 2339 adolescents (52.5% girls) were analyzed. The boys have a higher GS than the girls. In the adjusted analysis, with each increase of 1 kg/m2 in the FMI, GS was reduced by 0.72 kgf for boys and 0.35 kgf for girls. At each increase of 1 kg/m2 in the LBM, GS increased by 2.18 kgf for boys and 1.26 kgf for girls. Conclusions: FMI was associated with lower GS regardless of the LBM. LBM was associated with higher GS regardless of the FMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cararo Confortin
- Department of Collective Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65020-905, Maranhão, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-48-996634007
| | | | | | - Luciana Costa Cavalcante
- Department of Collective Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65020-905, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Aline Rodrigues Barbosa
- School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Maeda SS, Albergaria BH, Szejnfeld VL, Lazaretti-Castro M, Arantes HP, Ushida M, Domiciano DS, Pereira RMR, Marin-Mio RV, de Oliveira ML, de Mendonça LMC, do Prado M, de Souza GC, Palchetti CZ, Sarni ROS, Terreri MT, de Castro LCG, Artoni SMB, Amoroso L, Karcher DE, Prado CM, Gonzalez MC, de Medeiros Pinheiro M. Official Position of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO) on the evaluation of body composition by densitometry-part II (clinical aspects): interpretation, reporting, and special situations. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:11. [PMID: 35365246 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present an updated and evidence-based guideline for the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess body composition in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS This Official Position was developed by the Scientific Committee of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo, ABRASSO) and experts in the field who were invited to contribute to the preparation of this document. The authors searched current databases for relevant publications in the area of body composition assessment. In this second part of the Official Position, the authors discuss the interpretation and reporting of body composition parameters assessed by DXA and the use of DXA for body composition evaluation in special situations, including evaluation of children, persons with HIV, and animals. CONCLUSION This document offers recommendations for the use of DXA in body composition evaluation, including indications, interpretation, and applications, to serve as a guiding tool in clinical practice and research for health care professionals in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Setsuo Maeda
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 639, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04022-001, Brazil.
| | - Ben-Hur Albergaria
- Department of Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Szejnfeld
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 639, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04022-001, Brazil
| | - Henrique Pierotti Arantes
- School of Medicine, Instituto Master de Ensino Presidente Antônio Carlos (IMEPAC), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela Ushida
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Diogo Souza Domiciano
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rosângela Villa Marin-Mio
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 639, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04022-001, Brazil
| | - Mônica Longo de Oliveira
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 639, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04022-001, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cecília Zanin Palchetti
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roseli Oselka Saccardo Sarni
- Discipline of Allergy, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Terreri
- Section of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lizandra Amoroso
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Emy Karcher
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Medeiros Pinheiro
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kirwan R, McCullough D, Butler T, Perez de Heredia F, Davies IG, Stewart C. Sarcopenia during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions: long-term health effects of short-term muscle loss. GeroScience 2020; 42:1547-1578. [PMID: 33001410 PMCID: PMC7528158 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary global emergency that has led to the implementation of unprecedented measures in order to stem the spread of the infection. Internationally, governments are enforcing measures such as travel bans, quarantine, isolation, and social distancing leading to an extended period of time at home. This has resulted in reductions in physical activity and changes in dietary intakes that have the potential to accelerate sarcopenia, a deterioration of muscle mass and function (more likely in older populations), as well as increases in body fat. These changes in body composition are associated with a number of chronic, lifestyle diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, osteoporosis, frailty, cognitive decline, and depression. Furthermore, CVD, diabetes, and elevated body fat are associated with greater risk of COVID-19 infection and more severe symptomology, underscoring the importance of avoiding the development of such morbidities. Here we review mechanisms of sarcopenia and their relation to the current data on the effects of COVID-19 confinement on physical activity, dietary habits, sleep, and stress as well as extended bed rest due to COVID-19 hospitalization. The potential of these factors to lead to an increased likelihood of muscle loss and chronic disease will be discussed. By offering a number of home-based strategies including resistance exercise, higher protein intakes and supplementation, we can potentially guide public health authorities to avoid a lifestyle disease and rehabilitation crisis post-COVID-19. Such strategies may also serve as useful preventative measures for reducing the likelihood of sarcopenia in general and in the event of future periods of isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kirwan
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Deaglan McCullough
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom Butler
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
| | - Fatima Perez de Heredia
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire Stewart
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Patiño-Villada FA, González-Bernal JJ, González-Santos J, de Paz JA, Jahouh M, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Romero-Pérez EM, Soto-Cámara R. Relationship of Body Composition with the Strength and Functional Capacity of People over 70 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7767. [PMID: 33114196 PMCID: PMC7660677 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a multifactorial physiological phenomenon, in which a series of changes in the body composition occur, such as a decrease in muscle mass and bone mineral density and an increase in fat mass. This study aimed to determine the relationship of muscle mass, osteoporosis, and obesity with the strength and functional capacity of non-dependent people over 70 years of age. METHODS A cross-sectional study was designed, whose study population was all people aged over 70 years, living independently and attending academic and recreational programs. Muscle strength and functional capacity of the participants were assessed by isometric exercises of lower and upper limbs and by four tests taken from the Senior Fitness Test, respectively. Bone mineral density, total mass, fat mass, total lean mass, arms lean mass, legs lean mass, and appendicular lean mass (ALM) was calculated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Differences in muscle strength and functional capacity, according to the sex, muscle mass, mineral bone density and fat mass, were measured by χ2 test, independent samples Student's t-test, analysis of covariance and a 2-factor analysis of covariance; Results: 143 subjects were included in the study group. Men and women with an adequate amount of ALM adjusted for body mass index (BMI) had a maximal dynamic biceps strength in a single repetition, a maximal isometric leg extension strength, a maximal dynamic leg extension strength in a single repetition, a maximum right hand grip strength and maximum hand grip strength (the highest). Significantly higher values were observed in the maximal isometric biceps' strength in men with osteoporosis. Obese men had less isometric strength in the biceps and took longer to perform the chair stand test; Conclusions: Men and women with an adequate amount of ALM adjusted for BMI obtained better results in tests of muscle strength and functional capacity. However, osteoporosis and obesity are not related to these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josefa González-Santos
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (M.J.); (R.S.-C.)
| | | | - Maha Jahouh
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (M.J.); (R.S.-C.)
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | | | - Raúl Soto-Cámara
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (M.J.); (R.S.-C.)
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11
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Teixeira RV, Batista GR, Mortatti AL, Dantas PMS, Cabral BGDAT. Effects of Six Weeks of High-Intensity Functional Training on Physical Performance in Participants with Different Training Volumes and Frequencies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176058. [PMID: 32825378 PMCID: PMC7503715 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is characterized by presenting high volumes and training intensities with constantly varied exercises. The aim of this study was to analyze the internal training load and the effects of high-intensity functional training on physical performance in subjects with different training volumes and frequencies. A total of 31 volunteers involved in high-intensity functional training (14 men and 17 women) were divided according to their training volumes and frequencies (high training-volume and frequency-HTVF; (n = 17) (nine women and eight men; age: 31.0 ± 6.3 years; height: 168.8 ± 8.1 cm, body weight: 73.6 ± 11.9 kg; BMI: 25.96 kg/m2) and moderate training volume and frequency-MTVF; (n = 14) (eight women and six men; age: 26.6 ± 4.7 years; height: 167.2 ± 8.6 cm, body weight: 75.8 ± 18.0 kg; BMI: 27.33 kg/m2)). The internal training load was determined using the session-rating of perceived exertion method. The monotony index (MI) and training strain (TS) were used to determine training variability during the training weeks. Countermovement vertical jump height, 20-m sprinting and handgrip strength were assessed at baseline and after six weeks of training. There was a time effect for MI ((F(5, 145) = 5.942; p = 0.0001)), TS ((F(5, 145) = 5.734; p = 0.0001)), weekly internal training load ((F(4.006, 116.87) = 4.188; p = 0.003)) and mean weekly internal training load ((F(4.006, 116.87) = 4.188; p = 0.003)). There was no increase in performance in either group for countermovement vertical jump height ((F(1,29) = 6.081; p = 0.050)), sprinting ((F(1,29) = 1.014; p = 0.322)), right handgrip strength ((F(1,29) = 2.522; p = 0.123)) or left handgrip strength ((F(1,29) = 2.550; p = 0.121)). The current findings suggest that six weeks of high-intensity functional training was not able to increase performance in either group. Therefore, different volumes and frequencies do not seem to influence the increase in physical performance of HIFT practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Vasconcelos Teixeira
- Graduate Program on Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072970, Brazil; (A.L.M.); (P.M.S.D.); (B.G.d.A.T.C.)
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072970, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +55-85-987139879
| | - Gilmário Ricarte Batista
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051900, Brazil;
| | - Arnaldo Luis Mortatti
- Graduate Program on Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072970, Brazil; (A.L.M.); (P.M.S.D.); (B.G.d.A.T.C.)
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas
- Graduate Program on Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072970, Brazil; (A.L.M.); (P.M.S.D.); (B.G.d.A.T.C.)
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072970, Brazil
| | - Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinôco Cabral
- Graduate Program on Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072970, Brazil; (A.L.M.); (P.M.S.D.); (B.G.d.A.T.C.)
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072970, Brazil
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12
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Kolbasi EN, Demirdag F, Yildiz K, Murat S, Balkaya G. Determinants of Bone Health in Older Adults. Medeni Med J 2020; 35:23-28. [PMID: 32733746 PMCID: PMC7384495 DOI: 10.5222/mmj.2020.50133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the predictors of bone health in older adults. Methods: A total of 313 subjects older than 65 years (mean age 74.2±6.4 years, 70.6% female) were included in the study. Demographic characteristics of participants such as gait speed, handgrip strength, level of physical activity (using Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity-RAPA scale), vitamin D levels, T scores of femur neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) were recorded. Results: Based on FN, 40.7% of participants had normal T scores whereas 46.2% and 13.1% of them were osteopenic and osteoporotic, respectively. FN was correlated with age (r:-0.184, p<0.001), BMI (r:0.269, p<0.001), and handgrip strength (r:0.149, p:0.009) in addition to the aerobic subscale of RAPA (RAPA-aerobic) (r:-0.133, p:0.02). Similarly, the LS was correlated with female gender (r:-0.207, p<0.001), age (r:0.136, p:0.016), body mass index (BMI) (r:0.246, p<0.001) and handgrip strength (r:0.217, p<0.001). The predictors of bone health were decided upon using multiple logistic regression analysis. The deterministic model consisted of age, gender, BMI, height, weight, handgrip strength, gait speed, RAPA-aerobic and vitamin D. For LS dependent variable, the overall model was significant (F:10.149, p<0.001). However, only two variables were significant predictors in the model ie. weight (β:0.389, p<0.001) and handgrip strength (β=0.186, p<0.001). Similarly for independent variable of FN, the overall model was significant (F:6.525, p<0.001) and only two variables were significant predictors: weight (β:0.371, p<0.001) and RAPA-Aerobic (β:0.148, p:0.009). Conclusion: Lower levels of body weight, participation in aerobic activity and handgrip strength might be risk factors for deterioration of bone health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Nur Kolbasi
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Filiz Demirdag
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubra Yildiz
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadiye Murat
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gozde Balkaya
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Kapuš O, Gába A, Lehnert M. Relationships between bone mineral density, body composition, and isokinetic strength in postmenopausal women. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100255. [PMID: 32181269 PMCID: PMC7063090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The increase in body fat mass (BFM) and the loss of lean body mass (LBM) or muscle strength with age affects bone mineral (BMD). These factors increase the prevalence and incidence of obesity and sarcopenia, which have unclear effects on bone mineral density. The purpose of this study was to determine how the above selected factors affect BMD. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 58 women (aged 62.1 ± 4.8 years). Total body, left proximal femur, lumbar spine BMD, and body composition parameters were measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Isokinetic flexion and extension strength of the dominant leg were measured at 60 deg./s. Grip strength was measured with the dominant upper extremity. To determine the volume of physical activity (PA), the PA level was monitored for seven consecutive days using an ActiGraph model GT1M accelerometer. Results BFM was positively associated with BMD of the proximal femur (β = 0.31; P < 0.05), whereas LBM or appendicular lean mass (ALM) did not relate to BMD at any sites. Dominant isokinetic strength also did not relate to BMD at any site. A/G (android/gynoid) fat ratio shows positive association with lumbar spine BMD after adjusting for YSM (years since menopause), height, smoking status, and steps per day. Conclusion We observed a positive association between proximal femur BMD and BFM, but not between LBM, ALM or isokinetic strength. A/G ratio and BMI showed a positive association with lumbar spine BMD or proximal femur BMD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Kapuš
- Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Gába
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Lehnert
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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14
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Kirk B, Phu S, Brennan-Olsen SL, Bani Hassan E, Duque G. Associations between osteoporosis, the severity of sarcopenia and fragility fractures in community-dwelling older adults. Eur Geriatr Med 2020; 11:443-450. [DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Chen F, Su Q, Tu Y, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhao T, Huang Y, Xu G. Maximal muscle strength and body composition are associated with bone mineral density in chinese adult males. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19050. [PMID: 32028421 PMCID: PMC7015573 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between maximal muscle strength (MMS) and bone mineral density (BMD) in males remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association of MMS, using 3 fundamental compound exercises, and body composition with BMD in Chinese male adults. One hundred forty-seven Chinese male adults aged 20 to 47 years were recruited. Total and regional BMD and body composition were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Measurements of MMS included bench press, deadlift, and squat 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Bench press, deadlift, squat 1RM, fat mass (FM), and lean mass (LM) had a significant positive association with BMD. Intriguingly, squat 1RM was found to have a stronger association than bench press or deadlift 1RM, whereas bench press 1RM was found as the strongest determinant of BMD at the forearm sites. Furthermore, LM was found to be stronger related with BMD than FM. Our findings identify LM, FM and MMS are positively associated with BMD and squat may serve as a simple, most efficient strategy to optimize peak total body BMD, while bench press fit best for forearm BMD. Our results validate the benefits of MMS training in males and underscores site-specific effects on BMD levels. These findings emphasize the need for prospective studies to investigate the maximum therapeutic potential and sex specific modifiers of MMS training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang First People's Hospital
| | - Qi Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang First People's Hospital
| | - Yulan Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang First People's Hospital
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang First People's Hospital
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
- Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou
| | - Xinji Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
- Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang
| | | | - Yazeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
- Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Guokang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang First People's Hospital
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16
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Abrahin O, Souza DM, Alves WMGDC, Silva AFD. Muscle thickness and functional performance of patients with Parkinson’s disease. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CINEANTROPOMETRIA E DESEMPENHO HUMANO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2020v22e60774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aims of this study were: a) to check if there is difference between muscle thickness measured by ultrasonography at three different sites, elbow flexors and knee extensors of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD); b) to check if there is correlation between muscle thickness and functional performance in patients with PD. Muscle thickness was assessed by ultrasonography at three anatomical sites in elbow flexors (proximal - EF1, medial, EF2, and distal - EF3) and knee extensors (proximal - EK1, medial - EK2, and distal - EK3), as well as functional performance assessment (chair stand and arm curl) of 31 patients with PD. The results suggest that EF3 muscle thickness was significantly (p> 0.05) lower than EF2 and EF1. Muscle thickness of knee extensors was statistically different in the anatomical points of rectus muscles and vastus medialis muscles (EK1>EK2>EK3). There was no correlation between muscle thickness and functional performance of lower (r= 0.17; p= 0.35) and upper limbs (r= -0.17; p= 0.34) of PD patients. The results indicate that the anatomical point has significant influence on the muscle thickness of elbow flexors and knee extensors of patients with PD. Thus, the careful determination of the evaluation of muscle thickness sites is a key variable when the goal is to quantify muscle thickness in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilon Abrahin
- Metropolitan University Center of the Amazon, Brazil; Pará State University, Brazil
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17
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Relationship between the changes over time of bone mass and muscle health in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:429. [PMID: 31521141 PMCID: PMC6745072 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various cross-sectional studies provide an abundance of evidence that shows a relationship between bone quantity and muscle health. However, one question remains, less-often studied: is their development - or decline – associated? The aim of the research was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the studies exploring the association between changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and changes in muscle parameters (registration CRD42018093813). Methods We searched for prospective studies, both in children and adults, by consulting electronic databases (Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-AMED, Scopus). Each review steps were performed by two independent reviewers. For outcomes reported by less of 3 studies, we synthetized the results narratively. In other cases, a meta-analysis was performed, giving an overall r coefficient and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Fifteen papers were included. In connection with the change of BMD, 10 studies concerned the parallel change of lean mass, 4 were about grip strength, and 1 was about physical performance. Children were the population of interest for 5 studies, while the aging population was the focus of the other studies. The correlation between hip BMD and lean mass was significant, with an overall coefficient r = 0.37 (95% CI 0.23–0.49). High heterogeneity was observed between studies but the length of follow-up, sex and study quality did not seem to significantly influence results. The systematic review allowed some other highlights: a significant link between changes in BMD and changes in muscle strength was observed (p-value < 0.05 in the 4 studies), in addition to changes in performance (1 study, r = 0.21, p-value = 0.004). Conclusion Despite the heterogeneity between studies, we highlighted a significant association between the change of BMD and the change of various muscle parameters. Future studies should investigate preventive and therapeutic strategies that are based on a single entity: the ‘muscle-bone unit’.
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18
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Leal LC, Abrahin O, Rodrigues RP, da Silva MC, Araújo AP, de Sousa EC, Pimentel CP, Cortinhas-Alves EA. Low-volume resistance training improves the functional capacity of older individuals with Parkinson's disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19:635-640. [PMID: 31037806 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of low-volume resistance training on the physical and functional capacity of older patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS A total of 54 patients (aged ≥60 years) were randomly divided into two groups: (i) a control group comprising 13 men and 14 women; and (ii) a resistance training group with 14 men and 13 women. The resistance training group, in addition to maintaining their pharmacological treatments, carried out 6 months of resistance training twice a week, whereas the control group maintained their pharmacological treatments. Handgrip strength, flexibility, aerobic endurance, gait speed and balance were assessed in both groups. RESULTS After 6 months, patient functionality in the control group was reduced, whereas patients who carried out low training volumes showed significantly improved flexibility (Pre × Post: P = 0.008), aerobic resistance (Pre × Post: P = 0.006), gait speed (Pre × Post: P = 0.006) and balance (Pre × Post: P = 0.043). Significant improvement (P = 0.042) was also observed in right handgrip strength in the resistance training group. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed that low-volume resistance training improves the physical capacity of older people with Parkinson's disease. Therefore, we suggest that resistance training be a central component in exercise programs for patients with Parkinson's disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 635-640.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Cp Leal
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Pará State University, Belém, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Resistance Exercise and Health Laboratory, Pará State University, Belém, Brazil
| | - Odilon Abrahin
- Department of Physical Education, Resistance Exercise and Health Laboratory, Pará State University, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rejane P Rodrigues
- Department of Physical Education, Resistance Exercise and Health Laboratory, Pará State University, Belém, Brazil
| | - Maria Cr da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Pará State University, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ana Pm Araújo
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Pará State University, Belém, Brazil
| | - Evitom C de Sousa
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Pará State University, Belém, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Resistance Exercise and Health Laboratory, Pará State University, Belém, Brazil
| | - Clebson P Pimentel
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Pará State University, Belém, Brazil
| | - Erik A Cortinhas-Alves
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Pará State University, Belém, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Resistance Exercise and Health Laboratory, Pará State University, Belém, Brazil
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19
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Dewan N, MacDermid JC, Grewal R, Beattie K. Association of Modifiable Risk Factors with Bone Mineral Density among People with Distal Radius Fracture: A Cross-Sectional Study. Physiother Can 2019; 71:58-68. [PMID: 30787500 DOI: 10.3138/ptc.2017-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study determined the extent to which modifiable risk factors (balance, muscle strength, and physical activity [PA]) explained variability in bone mineral density (BMD) among people with a recent distal radius fracture (DRF). Method: This cross-sectional study included 190 patients, aged 50-80 years, with a DRF. Participants were assessed for balance, muscle strength, PA, fracture-specific pain, and disability. Areal BMD at the femoral neck (BMD-FN) and total hip (BMD-TH) was assessed. Correlation and multiple linear regression was used to determine the contribution of modifiable risk factors to BMD. Results: Balance, handgrip strength, knee extension strength, and plantar-flexion strength had significant bivariate associations with BMD-FN. There was a weak to moderate correlation (r = 0.25-0.40; p < 0.05) of balance and grip strength with BMD. Grip strength independently (p < 0.05) explained 17% and 12% of the variability in BMD-FN (n = 81) and BMD-TH (n = 82), respectively. Stratified by age, balance (R 2 = 0.10; p = 0.04) and grip strength (R 2 = 0.32; p = 0.003) were independent significant predictors of BMD-FN among women aged 50-64 years and 65-80 years, respectively. Conclusions: Grip strength of the unaffected hand is independently associated with BMD-FN and BMD-TH in people with recent DRF. It may act as a surrogate for general bone health, frailty, or overall muscle strength rather than as a direct target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dewan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences.,Roth
- McFarlane Clinical Research Laboratory, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care
| | - Joy C MacDermid
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences.,Roth
- McFarlane Clinical Research Laboratory, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care.,Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Ruby Grewal
- Roth
- McFarlane Clinical Research Laboratory, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care.,Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Karen Beattie
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton
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Xuan Y, Wang W, Zhang H, Tan I, Butlin M, Avolio A, Zuo J. Osteoporosis is inversely associated with arterial stiffness in the elderly: An investigation using the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool for Asians index in an elderly Chinese cohort. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:405-411. [PMID: 30734463 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the association of arterial stiffness and osteoporosis has been reported, the relation of arterial stiffness with risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture is not established. The authors investigated the correlation between arterial stiffness (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [baPWV]), including a cutoff value, and risk of osteoporosis as assessed by the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool for Asia (OSTA) index in 129 elderly Chinese community-dwelling individuals (age 83.2 ± 12.8 years, 63 females). OSTA was negatively correlated with baPWV (r = -0.326, P = 0.023) after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, absence or presence of diabetes, absence or presence of hypertension, and uric acid. baPWV was an independent factor for changes in OSTA (β = -0.001, P = 0.002). ROC curve analysis confirmed association between baPWV and OSTA index (AUC = 0.742 [CI: 0.660, 0.824]; P < 0.001) with a baPWV cutoff value of 1676 cm/s (sensitivity, 80.7%; specificity, 60%) for prediction of high OSTA index. The study showed a significant correlation between OSTA index and baPWV, suggesting a potential predictive value of baPWV in elderly patient at high risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xuan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Jiatong School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Xuhui District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Jiatong School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai, China
| | - Isabella Tan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Butlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alberto Avolio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Junli Zuo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Jiatong School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai, China
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Elhakeem A, Hartley A, Luo Y, Goertzen AL, Hannam K, Clark EM, Leslie WD, Tobias JH. Lean mass and lower limb muscle function in relation to hip strength, geometry and fracture risk indices in community-dwelling older women. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:211-220. [PMID: 30552442 PMCID: PMC6331743 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In a population-based sample of British women aged over 70 years old, lean mass and peak lower limb muscle force were both independently associated with hip strength and fracture risk indices, thereby suggesting a potential benefit of promoting leg muscle strengthening exercise for the prevention of hip fractures in postmenopausal women. INTRODUCTION To investigate cross-sectional associations of lean mass and physical performance, including lower limb muscle function, with hip strength, geometry and fracture risk indices (FRIs) in postmenopausal women. METHODS Data were from the Cohort of Skeletal Health in Bristol and Avon. Total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD), hip geometry and total body lean mass (TBLM) were assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Finite element analysis of hip DXA was used to derive FN, intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric FRIs. Grip strength, gait speed and chair rise time were measured objectively. Lower limb peak muscle force and muscle power were assessed by jumping mechanography. RESULTS In total, 241 women were included (age = 76.4; SD = 2.6 years). After adjustment for age, height, weight/fat mass and comorbidities, TBLM was positively associated with hip BMD (βTH BMD = 0.36, P ≤ 0.001; βFN BMD = 0.26, P = 0.01) and cross-section moment of inertia (0.24, P ≤ 0.001) and inversely associated with FN FRI (- 0.21, P = 0.03) and intertrochanteric FRI (- 0.11, P = 0.05) (estimates represent SD difference in bone measures per SD difference in TBLM). Lower limb peak muscle force was positively associated with hip BMD (βTH BMD = 0.28, P ≤ 0.001; βFN BMD = 0.23, P = 0.008) and inversely associated with FN FRI (- 0.17, P = 0.04) and subtrochanteric FRI (- 0.18, P = 0.04). Associations of grip strength, gait speed, chair rise time and peak muscle power with hip parameters were close to the null. CONCLUSIONS Lean mass and lower limb peak muscle force were associated with hip BMD and geometrical FRIs in postmenopausal women. Leg muscle strengthening exercises may therefore help prevent hip fractures in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elhakeem
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - A Hartley
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Y Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - A L Goertzen
- Department of Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - K Hannam
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - E M Clark
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - W D Leslie
- Department of Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - J H Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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22
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Arazi H, Eghbali E. The relationship of maximal oxygen consumption to bone mineral density in Iranian young women. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23172. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences; University of Guilan; Rasht Iran
| | - Ehsan Eghbali
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences; University of Guilan; Rasht Iran
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23
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Chalhoub D, Boudreau R, Greenspan S, Newman AB, Zmuda J, Frank-Wilson AW, Nagaraj N, Hoffman AR, Lane NE, Stefanick ML, Barrett-Connor E, Dam T, Cawthon PM, Orwoll ES, Cauley JA. Associations Between Lean Mass, Muscle Strength and Power, and Skeletal Size, Density and Strength in Older Men. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1612-1621. [PMID: 29701926 PMCID: PMC6266871 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies examining the relationship between muscle parameters and bone strength have not included multiple muscle measurements and/or both central and peripheral skeletal parameters. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between lean mass, muscle strength and power, and skeletal size, bone density, and bone strength. We studied the association between appendicular lean mass (ALM), grip strength, and leg power, and central quantitative computed tomography (QCT) parameters in 2857 men aged 65 years or older; peripheral QCT was available on a subset (n = 786). ALM, grip strength, and leg power were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), Jamar dynamometer, and the Nottingham Power Rig, respectively. Multivariable models adjusting for potential confounders including age, race, study site, BMI, and muscle measurements were developed and least squares means were generated from linear regression models. For the multivariable model, percent differences of bone parameters between lowest (Q1) and highest quartiles (Q4) of ALM, grip strength, and leg power were reported. ALM was significantly associated with central and peripheral QCT parameters: percent higher values (Q4 versus Q1) ranging from 3.3% (cortical volumetric bone mineral density [vBMD] of the femoral neck) to 31% (vertebral strength index of the spine). Grip strength was only significantly associated with radial parameters: percent higher values (Q4 versus Q1) ranging from 2.5% (periosteal circumference) to 7.5% (33% axial strength index [SSIx]). Leg power was associated with vertebral strength and lower cross-sectional area with percent lower values (Q4 versus Q1) of -11.9% and -2.7%, respectively. In older men, stronger associations were observed for ALM compared to muscle strength and power. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the relationship between independent changes in muscle measurements and skeletal size, density and strength. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Chalhoub
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology, and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Boudreau
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Susan Greenspan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew W Frank-Wilson
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology, and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nayana Nagaraj
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Department of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marcia L Stefanick
- Department of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tien Dam
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Geriatrics and Aging, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- Research Institute, San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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24
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Marin-Mio RV, Moreira LDF, Camargo M, Périgo NAS, Cerondoglo MS, Lazaretti-Castro M. Lean mass as a determinant of bone mineral density of proximal femur in postmenopausal women. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2018; 62:431-437. [PMID: 30304107 PMCID: PMC10118739 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify which component of body composition (BC) has greater influence on postmenopausal women bone mineral density (BMD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Four hundred and thirty women undergoing treatment for osteoporosis and 513 untreated women, except for calcium and vitamin D. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in order to correlated BMD at lumbar spine (LS), total femur (FT), femoral neck (FN) with body mass (BM), total lean mass (LM) and total fat mass (FM), all determined by DXA. RESULTS BM significantly correlated with all bone sites in untreated and treated women (r = 0.420 vs 0.277 at LS; r = 0.490 vs 0.418 at FN, r = 0.496 vs 0.414 at FT, respectively). In untreated women, the LM correlated better than FM with all sites, explaining 179% of LS; 32.3% of FN and 30.2% of FT; whereas FM explained 13.2% of LS; 277% of FN, 23.4% of FT In treated women, correlations with BC were less relevant, with the LM explaining 6.7% of BMD at LS; 15.2% of FN, 16% of FT, whereas the FM explained 8.1% of LS; 179% of FN and 176% of FT. CONCLUSION LM in untreated women was better predictor of BMD than FM, especialy for distal femur, where it explained more than 30% of the BMD, suggesting that maintaining a healthy muscle mass may contribute to decrease osteoporosis risk. Treatment with anti-osteoporotic drugs seems to mask these relationships. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2018;62(4):431-7.
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25
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Orssatto LBDR, Bezerra EDS, Moura BMD, de Castro JAC, Silva DAS, Moro ARP, Diefenthaeler F. Estimating bone mineral content based on different types of muscle strength tests. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2018; 22:586-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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McGrath RP, Kraemer WJ, Vincent BM, Hall OT, Peterson MD. Muscle Strength Is Protective Against Osteoporosis in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:2586-2589. [PMID: 28658086 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
McGrath, RP, Kraemer, WJ, Vincent, BM, Hall, OT, and Peterson, MD. Muscle strength is protective against osteoporosis in an ethnically diverse sample of adults. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2586-2589, 2017-The odds of developing osteoporosis may be affected by modifiable and nonmodifiable factors such as muscle strength and ethnicity. This study sought to (a) determine whether increased muscle strength was associated with decreased odds of osteoporosis and (b) identify whether the odds of osteoporosis differed by ethnicity. Data from the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Muscle strength was measured with a hand-held dynamometer, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess femoral neck bone mineral density. A T-score of ≤2.5 was used to define osteoporosis. Separate covariate-adjusted logistic regression models were performed on each sex to determine the association between muscle strength and osteoporosis. Odds ratios (ORs) were also generated to identify if the association between muscle strength and osteoporosis differed by ethnicity using non-Hispanic blacks as the reference group. There were 2,861 participants included. Muscle strength was shown to be protective against osteoporosis for men (OR: 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-0.94) and women (OR: 0.90; CI: 0.90-0.90). Although ORs varied across ethnicities, non-Hispanic Asian men (OR: 6.62; CI: 6.51-6.72) and women (OR: 6.42; CI: 6.37-6.48) were at highest odds of osteoporosis. Increased muscle strength reduced the odds of osteoporosis among both men and women in a nationally representative, ethnically diverse sample of adults. Non-Hispanic Asians had the highest odds of developing osteoporosis. Irrespective of sex or ethnicity, increased muscle strength may help protect against the odds of developing osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P McGrath
- 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; 2Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and 3VA Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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27
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Tajika T, Yamamoto A, Oya N, Kitagawa T, Kobayashi H, Shitara H, Iizuka H, Takagishi K, Chikuda H. Toe Gap Force is Related to Ultrasonic Parameter of Calcaneus Bone Status in General Population. Open Orthop J 2018; 12:24-32. [PMID: 29456777 PMCID: PMC5806197 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001812010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Elucidating the relation between bone health condition and muscle strength can provide useful knowledge for Japan’s super-aged society. This study ascertained the Speed Of Sound (SOS) of the calcaneus and upper and lower limb muscle strength in a general population. Methods: Medical examinations were conducted of 277 adult residents (100 men, 177 women; average age 67.1 years) of a mountain village. Bilateral hand grip and hand key pinch strength were measured. Hip abductor muscle strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer. The pressure between the hallux and second toe (toe-gap force) was measured using a toe pressure measuring instrument. The Speed Of Sound (SOS) of the calcaneus was assessed using an ultrasound bone densitometer. Stepwise linear regression was used to identify the predictor of SOS using several factors as explanatory variables: gender, age, height, weight BMI, grip and key pinch power strength, hip abductor muscle strength, and toe-gap force in bilateral side. P values of < .05 were inferred as statistically significant. Results: Significant positive correlation was found between the SOS and each of bilateral hand grip and hand key pinch strength, hip abductor muscle strength, and toe-gap force in all participants. Stepwise logistic regression revealed gender (β coefficient= -0.32, p= .0001), age (β coefficient=-0.53, p= .000), height (β coefficient= -0.19, p= .03), and right toe-gap force (β coefficient= 0.11, p= .027) as predictors of calcaneal SOS for all participants. Conclusion: Toe-gap force assessment might be more useful to predict calcaneal SOS than grip assessment in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Tajika
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Keiyu Orthopaedic Hospital,1741 Hanetsuku Tatebayashi, Gunma, 374-0011, Japan
| | - Noboru Oya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takanori Kitagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shitara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Haku Iizuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Takagishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital 786-7, Kamisano-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0857, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Chikuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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28
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Kim YH, Yoon DH, Kim HK, Song W. Prevalence of Osteopenia According to Physical Fitness in Men: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2017. [DOI: 10.4235/agmr.2017.21.4.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hwan Kim
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yoon
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Kim
- Health Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Goh BC, Singhal V, Herrera AJ, Tomlinson RE, Kim S, Faugere MC, Germain-Lee EL, Clemens TL, Lee SJ, DiGirolamo DJ. Activin receptor type 2A (ACVR2A) functions directly in osteoblasts as a negative regulator of bone mass. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13809-13822. [PMID: 28659341 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.782128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone and skeletal muscle mass are highly correlated in mammals, suggesting the existence of common anabolic signaling networks that coordinate the development of these two anatomically adjacent tissues. The activin signaling pathway is an attractive candidate to fulfill such a role. Here, we generated mice with conditional deletion of activin receptor (ACVR) type 2A, ACVR2B, or both, in osteoblasts, to determine the contribution of activin receptor signaling in regulating bone mass. Immunohistochemistry localized ACVR2A and ACVR2B to osteoblasts and osteocytes. Primary osteoblasts expressed activin signaling components, including ACVR2A, ACVR2B, and ACVR1B (ALK4) and demonstrated increased levels of phosphorylated Smad2/3 upon exposure to activin ligands. Osteoblasts lacking ACVR2B did not show significant changes in vitro However, osteoblasts deficient in ACVR2A exhibited enhanced differentiation indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral deposition, and transcriptional expression of osterix, osteocalcin, and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1. To investigate activin signaling in osteoblasts in vivo, we analyzed the skeletal phenotypes of mice lacking these receptors in osteoblasts and osteocytes (osteocalcin-Cre). Similar to the lack of effect in vitro, ACVR2B-deficient mice demonstrated no significant change in any bone parameter. By contrast, mice lacking ACVR2A had significantly increased femoral trabecular bone volume at 6 weeks of age. Moreover, mutant mice lacking both ACVR2A and ACVR2B demonstrated sustained increases in trabecular bone volume, similar to those in ACVR2A single mutants, at 6 and 12 weeks of age. Taken together, these results indicate that activin receptor signaling, predominantly through ACVR2A, directly and negatively regulates bone mass in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Goh
- From the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and
| | | | | | | | - Soohyun Kim
- From the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and
| | - Marie-Claude Faugere
- the Albert B. Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Emily L Germain-Lee
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine/UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030.,the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, and
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- From the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and.,the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
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30
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Arazi H, Eghbali E, Saeedi T, Moghadam R. The Relationship of Physical Activity and Anthropometric and Physiological Characteristics to Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women. J Clin Densitom 2016; 19:382-8. [PMID: 26922458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of physical activity and anthropometric and physiological characteristics to bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Ninety-seven postmenopausal women with an average age of 50.71 ± 6.86 yr were selected to participate in this study. After completing consent forms and the questionnaire on physical activity, the amounts of calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in participants' blood were measured by blood tests. The BMDs of the subjects in the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and hip were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device and the results were recorded. Also, anthropometric characteristics including height, weight, body fat percentage, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), digit ratio (2D:4D), skeletal muscle mass index, hand and calf circumferences and physiological parameters, including handgrip strength, quadriceps isotonic extension strength and balance of the subjects, were measured. The results showed that the 2D:4D ratio and skeletal muscle mass index had a significantly positive relationship with BMD of the lumbar spine (p ≤ 0.05) and the hip (p ≤ 0.05). Also, there was a negative relationship between the BMD of lumbar spine and hip and WHR (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, there was a positive relationship between the calf circumferences and lumbar spine BMD (p ≤ 0.05). Contrary to this, there was no significant relationship between the calf circumference and the hip BMD, and between hand circumference with lumbar spine and hip BMD (p > 0.05). Results of physiological indices showed a significant positive relationship between physical activity, handgrip strength, quadriceps isotonic extension strength, standing on 1 foot with the lumbar spine and hip BMD (p ≤ 0.05). But the relationship was not observed between BMD and the ability to squat down on the floor (p > 0.05). Based on these results, it seemed that we can use some physiological and anthropometric indices that are important determinants of BMD and risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Eghbali
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Saeedi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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31
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Aparicio VA, Ruiz-Cabello P, Borges-Cosic M, Andrade A, Coll-Risco I, Acosta-Manzano P, Soriano-Maldonado A. Association of physical fitness, body composition, cardiometabolic markers and adherence to the Mediterranean diet with bone mineral density in perimenopausal women. The FLAMENCO project. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:880-887. [PMID: 27310097 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1196825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the association of different components of physical fitness, body composition, cardiometabolic markers and the Mediterranean diet with bone mineral density (BMD) in perimenopausal women, and to test which of these components are independently associated with BMD. The sample comprised 197 perimenopausal women (52.6 ± 4.5 years). Physical fitness was assessed with the "Senior Fitness Test" battery and the handgrip strength and Bruce tests. Fat and lean mass and BMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We analysed the markers of metabolic syndrome, C-reactive protein, and components of the Mediterranean diet. Handgrip muscle strength (β = 0.212, P = 0.005), body weight (β = 0.244, P = 0.001), BMI (β = 0.180, P = 0.011) and lean mass (β = 0.379, P < 0.001) were positively associated with BMD. No associations were observed between cardiometabolic markers or the Mediterranean diet with BMD (all P > 0.05). When all relevant indicators of BMD were simultaneously considered, lean mass was the only 1 showing an independent association with BMD (β = 0.392, P < 0.001), explaining 14% of the BMD variability. In conclusion, muscle strength might be a marker of BMD in perimenopausal women. However, lean mass was the only factor independently associated with BMD. Future research to determine whether increasing lean mass through specific exercise-based interventions contributes to increasing BMD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Aparicio
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,b Department of Public and Occupational Health , VU University and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Ruiz-Cabello
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Milkana Borges-Cosic
- c Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Ana Andrade
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Irene Coll-Risco
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Pedro Acosta-Manzano
- c Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Alberto Soriano-Maldonado
- c Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
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32
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Lloyd JT, Alley DE, Hochberg MC, Waldstein SR, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Schwartz AV, Strotmeyer ES, Womack C, Orwig DL. Changes in bone mineral density over time by body mass index in the health ABC study. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2109-16. [PMID: 26856584 PMCID: PMC5892439 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity appears protective against osteoporosis in cross-sectional studies. However, results from this longitudinal study found that obesity was associated with bone loss over time. Findings underscore the importance of looking at the longitudinal relationship, particularly given the increasing prevalence and duration of obesity among older adults. INTRODUCTION Cross-sectional studies have found a positive association between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD), but little is known about the longitudinal relationship in US older adults. METHODS We examined average annual rate of change in BMD by baseline BMI in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Repeated measurement of BMD was performed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and years 3, 5, 6, 8, and 10. Multivariate generalized estimating equations were used to predict mean BMD (femoral neck, total hip, and whole body) by baseline BMI (excluding underweight), adjusting for covariates. RESULTS In the sample (n = 2570), 43 % were overweight and 24 % were obese with a mean baseline femoral neck BMD of 0.743 g/cm(2), hip BMD of 0.888 g/cm(2), and whole-body BMD of 1.09 g/cm(2). Change in total hip or whole-body BMD over time did not vary by BMI groups. However, obese older adults lost 0.003 g/cm(2) of femoral neck BMD per year more compared with normal weight older adults (p < 0.001). Femoral neck BMD change over time did not differ between the overweight and normal weight BMI groups (p = 0.74). In year 10, adjusted femoral neck BMD ranged from 0.696 g/cm(2) among obese, 0.709 g/cm(2) among normal weight, and 0.719 g/cm(2) among overweight older adults. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the importance of looking at the longitudinal relationship between body composition and bone mineral density among older adults, indicating that high body mass may not be protective for bone loss over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Lloyd
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 7500 Security Blvd, WB-06-05, Baltimore, MD, 21244, USA.
| | - D E Alley
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 7500 Security Blvd, WB-06-05, Baltimore, MD, 21244, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M C Hochberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S R Waldstein
- Doctoral Program in Gerontology, University of Maryland, Baltimore and Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - A V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E S Strotmeyer
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C Womack
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - D L Orwig
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Doctoral Program in Gerontology, University of Maryland, Baltimore and Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Nascimento NAP, Moreira PFP, Marin RV, Moreira LDF, Castro ML, Santos CAF, Filho CMA, Cendoroglo MS. Relation among 25(OH)D, Aquatic Exercises, and Multifunctional Fitness on Functional Performance of Elderly Women from the Community. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:376-82. [PMID: 26999236 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate if there is a relation among 25(OH)D, aquatic training, and multifunctional fitness on functional performance of elderly woman from the community. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS We evaluated elderly women aged ≥ 60 years (67±5 years old). One-hundred eighty were engaged in aquatic training (AT), 119 in multifunctional fitness (MF) for at least one year, and sedentary group (SED) with 162 independent elderly women from the community centers who had not practicing any regular physical exercise at least one year before. MEASUREMENTS Timed up-and-go (TUG), 2-minute step test (2MST), 30-second chair stand (CS), arm curl (AC), functional reach test (FRT), unipedal balance test (UB) with visual control, handgrip right (HR) and handgrip left (HL) portable dynamometer for strength hip flexors (Hip strength) and knee extensors (Knee strength), serum 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), and creatinine clearance. RESULTS Physical and functional tests showed differences among the three groups (ST; TUG, CS, AC, FR and USB = p <0.001). The PTH and the TUG test correlated inversely with 25(OH)D (r = -0.29 - p <0.001/ r = - 0.16 - p <0.001), also between 25(OH)D and BMI for AT and MF groups respectively (r= -0,15; p=0,04/ r= - 0,19; p=0,036). The AC test showed positive correlation (r = 0, 1 - p <0.001). The age and 25(OH)D were controlled and assumed to be a covariates in the statistical analysis that employed ANCOVA. There was difference on the performance of TUG test (p= 0.049). CONCLUSION TUG performance was associated with age, exercise type and serum levels of 25(OH)D. The 25(OH)D insufficiency was common in elderly women from subtropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Perigo Nascimento
- Neide Alessandra Perigo Nascimento, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP-São Paulo Brazil,
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Huang WC, Hsu YJ, Wei L, Chen YJ, Huang CC. Association of physical performance and biochemical profile of mice with intrinsic endurance swimming. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:892-901. [PMID: 27994494 PMCID: PMC5165682 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the potential mediators and relationship affecting congenital exercise performance in an animal model with physical activity challenge from physiological and biochemical perspectives. A total of 75 male ICR mice (5 weeks old) were adapted for 1 week, then mice performed a non-loading and exhaustive swimming test and were assigned to 3 groups by exhaustive swimming time: low exercise capacity (LEC) (<3 hr), medium exercise capacity (MEC) (3-5 hr), and high exercise capacity (HEC) (>5 hr). After a 1-week rest, the 3 groups of mice performed an exhaustive swimming test with a 5% and 7.5% weight load and a forelimb grip-strength test, with a 1-week rest between tests. Blood samples were collected immediately after an acute exercise challenge and at the end of the experiment (resting status) to evaluate biochemical blood variables and their relation with physical performance. Physical activity, including exhaustive swimming and grip strength, was greater for HEC than other mice. The swimming performance and grip strength between groups were moderately correlated (r=0.443, p<0.05). Resting serum ammonium level was moderately correlated with endurance with a 7.5% weight load (r=-0.447, p<0.05) and with lactate level (r=0.598, p<0.05). The pulmonary morphology of the HEC group seemed to indicate benefits for aerobic exercise. Mice showed congenital exercise performance, which was significantly correlated with different physical challenges and biochemical variable values. This study may have implications for interference in intrinsic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung City 43301, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
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Al-Shreef FM, Al-Jiffri OH, El-Kader SM. Bone metabolism and hand grip strength response to aerobic versus resistance exercise training in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:896-901. [PMID: 26957979 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i3.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus has been shown in many studies to be associated with reduced bone mass and an increased risk of fracture. Currently, our understanding of how to use exercise effectively in diabetic patients in prevention of osteoporosis is incomplete and has prompted our interest to identify the type of effective osteogenic exercise. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the changes in handgrip strength and bone metabolism after 6 months between aerobic and resistance exercise training in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients in Jeddah area. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred non-insulin dependent diabetic male patients participated in this study and were divided into two equal groups; the first group (A) received aerobic exercise training, where the second group (B) received resistance exercise training. The program consisted of three sessions per week for six months. RESULTS The mean values of serum calcium and Hand grip strength were significantly increased, while the mean values of parathyroid hormone were significantly decreased in both groups .Also, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise training on treadmill is appropriate to improve markers of bone metabolism and hand grip strength in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients.
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Chalhoub D, Cawthon PM, Ensrud KE, Stefanick ML, Kado DM, Boudreau R, Greenspan S, Newman AB, Zmuda J, Orwoll ES, Cauley JA. Risk of Nonspine Fractures in Older Adults with Sarcopenia, Low Bone Mass, or Both. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63:1733-40. [PMID: 26310882 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that men and women with low bone mineral density (BMD) and sarcopenia have a higher risk of fracture than those with only one or neither conditions. DESIGN The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures in women are prospective observational studies with a mean follow up of 9 (2000-2012) and 8 years (1997-2009), respectively. SETTING U.S. clinical centers. PARTICIPANTS Men (n = 5,544; mean age 73.7) and women (n = 1,114; mean age 77.6) aged 65 and older, able to walk without assistance, and without bilateral hip replacement. MEASUREMENTS Sarcopenia was defined as low appendicular lean mass plus slowness or weakness and low BMD according to the World Health Organization definition of a T-score less than -1.0. Participants were classified as having normal BMD and no sarcopenia (3,367 men, 308 women), sarcopenia only (79 men, 48 women), low BMD only (1,986 men, 626 women), and low BMD and sarcopenia (112 men, 132 women). RESULTS Men with low BMD and sarcopenia (hazard ratio (HR)=3.79, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.65-5.41) and men with low BMD only (HR=1.67, 95% CI=1.45-1.93) but not men with sarcopenia only (HR=1.14, 95% CI=0.62-2.09) had greater risk of fracture than men with normal BMD and no sarcopenia. Women with low BMD and sarcopenia (HR=2.27, 95% CI=1.37-3.76) and women with low BMD alone (HR=2.62, 95% CI=1.74-3.95), but not women with only sarcopenia, had greater risk of fracture than women with normal BMD and no sarcopenia. CONCLUSION Men with low BMD and sarcopenia are at especially high risk of fracture. Sarcopenia alone did not increase fracture risk in either group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Chalhoub
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Kristine E Ensrud
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesot aand Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Deborah M Kado
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert Boudreau
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan Greenspan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Silva CFFD, Amorim PRDS, Carvalho CJD, Faria MMD, Lima LM. Associação de força e nível de atividade física à densidade mineral óssea na pós-menopausa. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-86922015210102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: o exercício físico atua melhorando a densidade mineral óssea DMO por gerar deformidades nesse tecido e estimular remodelação.OBJETIVO: verificar a associação entre força muscular e nível de atividade física à densidade mineral óssea DMO utilizando testes de força de bíceps, de sentar e levantar, dinamometria de mãos, história pregressa de atividade física e nível de atividade física, avaliado pelo pedômetro com a DMO em mulheres na pós-menopausa.MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, descritivo que mensurou a densidade mineral óssea pela absorção de dupla energia de raios X DXA da coluna lombar L1-L4, fêmur e antebraços em 62 mulheres saudáveis no pós-menopausa, com média de 56,82 ± 4,02 anos de idade. Foi aplicado questionário para atividade física pregressa e realizada contagem diária de passos pedômetro. A força muscular foi medida pelos testes de dinamometria de mãos, de 30 segundos de bíceps bilateral e de sentar e levantar da cadeira em 30 segundos. Realizou-se registro alimentar de três dias para mensuração da ingestão diária de cálcio e vitamina D.RESULTADOS: os indivíduos apresentaram altos níveis de atividade física, porém baixa ingestão diária de cálcio e vitamina D. Não foi verificada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre força muscular nos dois grupos estudados, com DMO diminuída e DMO normal. O grupo com DMO diminuída apresentou maior número de passos diários e menor peso quando comparado com o grupo com DMO normal. Foram observadas várias correlações positivas de baixa magnitude, embora significantes, entre a densitometria e a força muscular p < 0,50.CONCLUSÃO: os autores descreveram risco cinco vezes e meia maior em mulheres não praticantes de atividade física da adolescência até a idade adulta e de apresentarem redução da DMO em comparação com as mulheres que apresentaram DMO normal.
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Caracterização de dois protocolos de avaliação de preensão manual para prescrição de treinamento no remo. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Muniz LC, Menezes AMB, Assunção MCF, Martínez-Mesa J, Wehrmeister FC, Howe LD, Hallal PC, Gonçalves H, Barros FC. Body mass index at 11 years and bone mass at age 18: path analysis within the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:71. [PMID: 25887330 PMCID: PMC4391135 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated whether Body Mass Index (BMI) at 11 years old has a direct effect on bone mass at age 18 operating through alterations to bone growth and development, or whether the association is mediated by concurrent BMI, fat mass (FM), and fat free mass (FFM). Methods Path analysis was used to explore the association between BMI at age 11 and whole-body bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at age 18 in a prospective birth cohort study comprising 3,307 adolescents; we also evaluated the degree to which this association was mediated by BMI, FM (kg) and FFM (kg) assessed by plethysmography (BOD POD) at age 18. Results We found a positive association between BMI at age 11 and BMC (males [β = 179.7 g, 95% CI 161.4; 198.0]; females [β = 179.9 g, 95% CI 165.3; 194.6]) and BMD (males [β = 0.030 g/cm2, 95% CI 0.024; 0.035]; females [β = 0.029 g/cm2, 95% CI 0.025; 0.033]) at age 18. This association was largely mediated by BMI and FFM at age 18 in both female and male adolescents. FM at age 18 was not an important mediator. Conclusions Concurrent BMI and FFM were the main mediators of the association between BMC/BMD in late adolescence and BMI in early adolescence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-015-0529-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Correa Muniz
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua: Marechal Deodoro 1160 (3° andar). CEP, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96020-220, Brasil.
| | - Ana Maria Baptista Menezes
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua: Marechal Deodoro 1160 (3° andar). CEP, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96020-220, Brasil.
| | - Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua: Marechal Deodoro 1160 (3° andar). CEP, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96020-220, Brasil.
| | - Jeovany Martínez-Mesa
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua: Marechal Deodoro 1160 (3° andar). CEP, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96020-220, Brasil.
| | - Fernando Cesar Wehrmeister
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua: Marechal Deodoro 1160 (3° andar). CEP, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96020-220, Brasil.
| | - Laura D Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Pedro Curi Hallal
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua: Marechal Deodoro 1160 (3° andar). CEP, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96020-220, Brasil.
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua: Marechal Deodoro 1160 (3° andar). CEP, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96020-220, Brasil.
| | - Fernando C Barros
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua: Marechal Deodoro 1160 (3° andar). CEP, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96020-220, Brasil.
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Nasri R, Hassen Zrour S, Rebai H, Neffeti F, Najjar MF, Bergaoui N, Mejdoub H, Tabka Z. Combat sports practice favors bone mineral density among adolescent male athletes. J Clin Densitom 2015; 18:54-9. [PMID: 24176431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of combat sports practice on bone mineral density (BMD) and to analyze the relationship between bone parameters and anthropometric measurements, bone markers, and activity index (AI). In other words, to detect the most important determinant of BMD in the adolescent period among combat sports athletes. Fifty athletes engaged in combat sports, mean age 17.1±0.2 yr, were compared with 30 sedentary subjects who were matched for age, height, and pubertal stage. For all subjects, the whole-body BMD, lumbar spine BMD (L2-L4), and BMD in the pelvis, arms, and legs was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and anthropometric measurements were evaluated. Daily calcium intake, bone resorption, and formation markers were measured. BMD measurements were greater in the combat sports athletes than in the sedentary group (p<0.01). Weight, body mass index, and lean body mass were significantly correlated with BMD in different sites. Daily calcium consumption lower than daily calcium intake recommended in both athletes and sedentary group. AI was strongly correlated with all BMD measurements particularly with the whole body, legs, and arms. Negative correlations were observed between bone markers and BMD in different sites. The common major predictor of BMD measurements was AI (p<0.0001). AI associated to lean body mass determined whole-body BMD until 74%. AI explained both BMD in arms and L2-L4 at 25%. AI associated to height can account for 63% of the variance in BMD legs. These observations suggested that the best model predicting BMD in different sites among adolescent combat sports athletes was the AI. Children and adolescents should be encouraged to participate in combat sports to maximize their bone accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raouf Nasri
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | | | - Haithem Rebai
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Fadoua Neffeti
- Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Monastir Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fadhel Najjar
- Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Monastir Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Naceur Bergaoui
- Rheumatology Department, Monastir Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Mejdoub
- Research Laboratory of Protein Sequencer, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouhair Tabka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Lang PO, Trivalle C, Vogel T, Proust J, Papazyan JP, Dramé M. Determination of Cutoff Values for DEXA-Based Body Composition Measurements for Determining Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:16-25. [PMID: 26309779 PMCID: PMC4497664 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The two components of the body weight (i.e., fat mass and muscle mass) appeared to be of high interest to consider in predicting metabolic health related risks. We aimed to determine cutoff values for fat mass index (FMI) and muscle mass index (MMI), FM/MM, and BMI for metabolic and cardiovascular health. This study was a cross-sectional analysis study conducted in a center of preventive medicine. It included 616 consecutive outpatients: mean age was 56.0±10.0 years (74.6% aged ≥50), and 61.4% were female. Fat and muscle mass were obtained with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan analyses. Metabolically unhealthy individuals were defined as people with biological features of dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, diabetes, and/or hepatitis steatosis. Documented hypertension and/or atherosclerosis of at least one major artery defined individuals with cardiovascular complications. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the cutoff values for MMI, FMI, and FM/MM were respectively 18.8kg/m2 (sensitivity [Se]=58%; specificity [Sp]=59%), 5.5kg/m2 (Se=61%; Sp=62%), and 0.31 (Se=62%; Sp=62%) in men; and 14.1kg/m2 (Se=52%; Sp=54%), 5.5kg/m2 (Se=65%; Sp=67%), 0.39 (Se=73%; Sp=73%) in women for predicting metabolic health. Values were 19.3kg/m2 (Se=58%; Sp=59%), 7.0kg/m2 (Se=61%; Sp=62%) and 0.49 (Se=62%; Sp=62%) in men; and 15.7kg/m2 (Se=58%; Sp=59%), 6.4kg/m2 (Se=61%; Sp=62%) and 0.35 (Se=62%; Sp=62%) in women for cardiovascular complications. Whatever the outcomes considered, the Youden indexes for BMI values were systematically below 25 kg/m2, except for cardiovascular complications in men, where the threshold for the best Se/Sp was 25.7 kg/m2. These cutoff values for FMI, MMI, and FM/MM could be of practical value for the clinical evaluation of a deficit in MM with or without excess of FM. They complement the classical concept of BMI in a more qualitative manner and extend the analysis of its impact on health outcomes to all BMI categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Lang
- Health and Wellbeing Academy, Anglia Ruskin University , Cambridge, United Kingdom . ; Nescens Centre of Preventive Medicine, Clinic of Genolier , Genolier, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Trivalle
- Pôle Gériatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Sud , Hôpital Paul Brousse, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Vogel
- Pôle de Gériatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques Proust
- Nescens Centre of Preventive Medicine, Clinic of Genolier , Genolier, Switzerland
| | | | - Moustapha Dramé
- Department of Research and Innovation, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Reims , Reims, France . ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Reins-Champagne-Ardenne , Reins, France
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Abrahin O, Rodrigues RP, Nascimento VC, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME, Sousa EC, Marçal AC. Single- and multiple-set resistance training improves skeletal and respiratory muscle strength in elderly women. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9:1775-82. [PMID: 25342896 PMCID: PMC4205116 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s68529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aging involves a progressive reduction of respiratory muscle strength as well as muscle strength. Purpose Compare the effects of resistance training volume on the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), functional performance, and muscle strength in elderly women. Methods Thirty elderly women were randomly assigned to a group performing either single sets (1-SET) or three sets (3-SET) of exercises. The sit-to-stand test, MIP, MEP, and muscle strength were assessed before and after 24 training sessions. Progressive resistance training was performed two times per week for a total of 8–12 repetitions, using the main muscle groups of the upper and lower limbs. Results The main results showed that the participants significantly increased their MEP (P<0.05; 1-SET: 34.6%; 3-SET: 35.8%) and MIP (P<0.05; 1-SET: 13.7%; 3-SET: 11.2%). Both groups also improved in the sit-to-stand test (P<0.05; 1-SET: 10.6%; 3-SET: 17.1%). After 24 training sessions, muscle strength also significantly increased (P<0.0001; 40%–80%) in both groups. An intergroup comparison did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups in any of the parameters analyzed. Conclusion Single- and multiple-set resistance training programs increased MIP, MEP, muscle strength, and sit-to-stand test performance in elderly women after 24 sessions of training. In conclusion, our results suggested that elderly women who are not in the habit of physical activity may start with single-set resistance training programs as a short-term strategy for the maintenance of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilon Abrahin
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil ; Center of Research in Intracellular Signaling, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil ; Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, Sports Department, University of Pará State, Belem, Brazil
| | - Rejane P Rodrigues
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil ; Center of Research in Intracellular Signaling, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil ; Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, Sports Department, University of Pará State, Belem, Brazil
| | - Vanderson C Nascimento
- Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, Sports Department, University of Pará State, Belem, Brazil
| | - Marzo E Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil ; Scientific Sport, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Evitom C Sousa
- Laboratory of Resistance Exercise and Health, Sports Department, University of Pará State, Belem, Brazil
| | - Anderson C Marçal
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil ; Center of Research in Intracellular Signaling, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
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43
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Matsui Y, Takemura M, Harada A, Ando F, Shimokata H. Effects of knee extensor muscle strength on the incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis after 6 years. J Bone Miner Metab 2014; 32:550-5. [PMID: 24196869 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The association of knee extensor muscle strength with bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in cross-sectional epidemiological studies, but it remains unclear whether or not this is the case with longitudinal change. Thus, we investigated whether or not the knee extension strength can predict the incidence of osteopenia or osteoporosis after 6 years, then compared the difference between sexes. Subjects were 1255 community-dwelling Japanese men and menopaused women, aged 40-81 years. BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry twice at 6-year intervals. Subjects were divided into three groups, normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis, depending on their young adult mean BMD % value. In the cross-sectional analysis the correlations between the knee extension strength and BMD of the two regions were examined, using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Longitudinal analyses were then conducted to determine the odds ratio, controlled for age and BMI, given that those who were normal in the initial stage developed osteopenia or osteoporosis after 6 years, for every 1 SD decrease in knee extension strength, as well as those who first had normal or osteopenia and then developed osteoporosis. Cross-sectional analysis showed a statistically significant relation between knee extensor muscle strength and BMD at both the lumbar spine (p = 0.02) and the femoral neck (p < 0.0001) only in men. The longitudinal analysis showed the significant effect of muscle strength on the loss of femoral neck BMD from normal to osteopenia or osteoporosis both in men (OR 1.84, 95 % CI 1.36-2.48, p < 0.0001) and in women (OR 1.29, 95 % CI 1.002-1.65, p < 0.05), as well as on the loss of spinal BMD from normal or osteopenia to osteoporosis only in men (OR 2.97, 95 % CI 1.07-8.23, p < 0.05). The results suggest the importance of knee extension strength to maintain the bone health of the proximal femur and spine in aging particularly in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumoto Matsui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35 Gengo, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan,
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Effect of bariatric surgery on bone mineral density: comparison of gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2014; 23:2086-91. [PMID: 23818239 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-1016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) a year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in age- and body mass index-matched women. In 33 morbidly obese women undergoing RYGB and 33 undergoing SG, plasma determinations of calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D3), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were made prior to and at 12 months after surgery. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed in all patients 1 year after surgery. BMD at the femoral neck and the lumbar spine 1 year after surgery was similar in women undergoing RYGB and SG (1.01 ± 0.116 vs. 1.01 ± 0.122 g/cm(2), p = 0.993; 1.05 ± 0.116 vs. 1.08 ± 0.123 g/cm(2), p = 0.384). The percentage of patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis was not different between groups. In the linear regression analysis, age (β = -0.628, p = 0.034) and lean mass 12 months after surgery (β = 0.424, p = 0.021) were found to be the main determinants of femoral neck BMD. Age (β = -0.765, p = 0.025), menopause (β = -0.898, p = 0.033), and lean mass (β = 0.615, p = 0.023) were determinants of BMD at the lumbar spine. No influence was found between low bone mass and type of surgery, plasma PTH, 25(OH) D3, or IGF-I. The effect of RYGB and SG on BMD was comparable a year after surgery. Menopausal women were at a higher risk of having low bone mass, but the presence of osteoporosis was uncommon.
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Al-Sharif FAG, Al-Jiffri OH, El-Kader SMA, Ashmawy EM. Impact of mild versus moderate intensity aerobic walking exercise training on markers of bone metabolism and hand grip strength in moderate hemophilic A patients. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:11-6. [PMID: 26060452 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with hemophilia A have low bone density than healthy controls. It is now widely recognized that physical activity and sports are beneficial for patients with hemophilia. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of mild and moderate intensity treadmill walking exercises on markers of bone metabolism and hand grip strength in male patients with moderate hemophilia A. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty male patients with moderate hemophilia, and age range from 25 to 45 years. The subjects were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups; the first group (A) received moderate intensity aerobic exercise training. The second group (B) received mild intensity aerobic exercise training. RESULTS There was a 32.1% and 24.8% increase in mean values of serum calcium and hand grip strength respectively and 22.7 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in moderate exercise training group (A). While there was a 15.1 % and 15 % increase in mean values of Serum Calcium and Hand grip strength respectively and 10.3 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in mild exercise training group(B). The mean values of serum calcium and hand grip strength were significantly increased, while the mean values of parathyroid hormone were significantly decreased in both groups . There were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment. CONCLUSION Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training on treadmill is appropriate to improve markers of bone metabolism and hand grip strength in male patients with hemophilia A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa Al-Ghalib Al-Sharif
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
| | - Osama Hussien Al-Jiffri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
| | | | - Eman Mohamed Ashmawy
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
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Arum O, Rickman DJ, Kopchick JJ, Bartke A. The slow-aging growth hormone receptor/binding protein gene-disrupted (GHR-KO) mouse is protected from aging-resultant neuromusculoskeletal frailty. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:117-27. [PMID: 23824747 PMCID: PMC3889906 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuromusculoskeletal (physical) frailty is an aging-attributable biomedical issue of extremely high import, from both public health and individual perspectives. Yet, it is rarely studied in nonhuman research subjects and very rarely studied in animals with extended longevity. In an effort to address this relatively neglected area, we have conducted a longitudinal investigation of the neuromusculoskeletal healthspan in mice with two senescence-slowing interventions: growth hormone (GH) resistance, produced by GH receptor "knockout" (GHR-KO), and caloric restriction (CR). We report marked improvements in the retention of strength, balance, and motor coordination by the longevity-conferring GHR/BP gene disruption, CR regimen, or a combination of the two. Specifically, GHR-KO mice exhibit superior grip strength, balance, and motor coordination at middle age, and CR mice display superior grip strength at middle age. The advantageous effects established by middle-age are more pronounced in old-age, and these robust alterations are, generally, not gender-specific. Thus, we show that genetic and/or dietary interventions that engender longevity are also beneficial for the retention of neuromusculoskeletal health and functionality. The translational knowledge to be gained from subsequent molecular or histological investigations of these models of preserved functionality and decelerated senescence is potentially relevant to the efforts to reduce the specter of fear, falls, fracture, and frailty in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oge Arum
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
- />631 N. 6th St., 2B, Springfield, IL 62702 USA
| | - Dustin J. Rickman
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - John J. Kopchick
- />Edison Biotechnology Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
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Zhou Z, Zheng L, Wei D, Ye M, Li X. Muscular strength measurements indicate bone mineral density loss in postmenopausal women. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8:1451-9. [PMID: 24187494 PMCID: PMC3810326 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s48447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The literature is inconsistent and inconclusive on the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and muscular strength in postmenopausal women. Objective To evaluate the relationship between isokinetically and isometrically determined muscle strength and BMD in postmenopausal women of different age groups. Methods Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 293; mean age, 54.22 ± 3.85 years) were enrolled in this study. They were grouped by age according to World Health Organization life expectancy: 45–50 years, 51–53 years, 54–56 years, 57–59 years, and 60–64 years. Total BMD, L2–4 BMD, and femoral neck BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray bone densitometry; isokinetic and isometric muscle strength of the right hip and trunk muscles were measured during contractile exercise. Stepwise regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between BMD and strength measures, controlling for subject age and years since menopause. Results Results of stepwise regression showed that hip extensor and flexor strength at 120°/second and back extend strength at 30°/second accounted for 26% total BMD variance among menopausal subjects, 19% L2–4 BMD variance, and 15% femoral neck BMD variance; in postmenopausal women of different age groups, hip extensor and flexor strength at 120°/second and back extend strength at 30°/second accounted for 25%–35% total BMD variance. Conclusion Different optimal strength measurements were identified for different age groups. Age-appropriate testing mode can improve detection of osteoporotic fracture risk in early menopause by determining muscular strength reduction related to BMD loss. This may enable early initiation of preventative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhou
- School of Physical Education and Coaching Science, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Graduate School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Prevention of neuromusculoskeletal frailty in slow-aging ames dwarf mice: longitudinal investigation of interaction of longevity genes and caloric restriction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72255. [PMID: 24155868 PMCID: PMC3796515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ames dwarf (Prop1df/df) mice are remarkably long-lived and exhibit many characteristics of delayed aging and extended healthspan. Caloric restriction (CR) has similar effects on healthspan and lifespan, and causes an extension of longevity in Ames dwarf mice. Our study objective was to determine whether Ames dwarfism or CR influence neuromusculoskeletal function in middle-aged (82 ± 12 weeks old) or old (128 ± 14 w.o.) mice. At the examined ages, strength was improved by dwarfism, CR, and dwarfism plus CR in male mice; balance/ motor coordination was improved by CR in old animals and in middle-aged females; and agility/ motor coordination was improved by a combination of dwarfism and CR in both genders of middle-aged mice and in old females. Therefore, extension of longevity by congenital hypopituitarism is associated with improved maintenance of the examined measures of strength, agility, and motor coordination, key elements of frailty during human aging, into advanced age. This study serves as a particularly important example of knowledge related to addressing aging-associated diseases and disorders that results from studies in long-lived mammals.
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Bijlsma AY, Meskers MCG, Molendijk M, Westendorp RGJ, Sipilä S, Stenroth L, Sillanpää E, McPhee JS, Jones DA, Narici M, Gapeyeva H, Pääsuke M, Seppet E, Voit T, Barnouin Y, Hogrel JY, Butler-Browne G, Maier AB. Diagnostic measures for sarcopenia and bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2681-91. [PMID: 23649802 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Currently used diagnostic measures for sarcopenia utilize different measures of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. These diagnostic measures associate differently to bone mineral density (BMD), as an example of muscle-related clinical outcome. These differences should be taken into account when studying sarcopenia. INTRODUCTION Diagnostic measures for sarcopenia utilize different measures of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. To understand differences between these measures, we determined the association with respect to whole body BMD, as an example of muscle-related clinical outcome. METHODS In the European cross-sectional study MYOAGE, 178 young (18-30 years) and 274 healthy old participants (69-81 years) were recruited. Body composition and BMD were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray densitometry. Diagnostic measures for sarcopenia were composed of lean mass as percentage of body mass, appendicular lean mass (ALM) as percentage of body mass, ALM divided by height squared (ALM/height(2)), knee extension torque, grip strength, walking speed, and Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Linear regression models were stratified for sex and age and adjusted for age and country, and body composition in separate models. RESULTS Lean mass and ALM/height(2) were positively associated with BMD (P < 0.001). Significance remained in all sex and age subgroups after further adjustment for fat mass, except in old women. Lean mass percentage and ALM percentage were inversely associated with BMD in old women (P < 0.001). These inverse associations disappeared after adjustment for body mass. Knee extension torque and handgrip strength were positively associated with BMD in all subgroups (P < 0.01), except in old women. Walking speed and TUG were not related to BMD. CONCLUSIONS The associations between diagnostic measures of sarcopenia and BMD as an example of muscle-related outcome vary widely. Differences between diagnostic measures should be taken into account when studying sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Bijlsma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Crawford KW, Li X, Xu X, Abraham AG, Dobs AS, Margolick JB, Palella FJ, Kingsley LA, Witt MD, Brown TT. Lipodystrophy and inflammation predict later grip strength in HIV-infected men: the MACS Body Composition substudy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2013; 29:1138-45. [PMID: 23550976 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2013.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Body fat changes in HIV-infected persons are associated with increased systemic inflammation and increased mortality. It is unknown whether lipodystrophy is also associated with declines in physical function. Between 2001 and 2003, 33 HIV-infected men with evidence of lipodystrophy (LIPO⁺), 23 HIV-infected men without lipodystrophy (LIPO⁻), and 33 seronegative men were recruited from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) for the Body Composition substudy. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was assessed by quantitative computed tomography. Lean body mass (LBM) and extremity fat were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Insulin resistance was estimated by Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA). Serum interleukin (IL)-6, soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α receptors I and II (sTNFRI and sTNFRII), and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations were quantified from archived serum samples. These measurements were correlated with grip strength measured in 2007 using linear regression. At the substudy visit, the LIPO⁺ group had higher HOMA, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, and IL-6 levels than the LIPO⁻ group. In 2007, the LIPO⁺ group had lower median grip strength than the LIPO⁻ group (34.4 vs. 42.7 kg, p=0.002). Multivariable analysis of HIV⁺ men showed older age, lower LBM, higher sTNFRII concentrations, and LIPO⁺ status [adjusted mean difference -4.9 kg (p=0.045)] at the substudy visit were independently associated with lower subsequent grip strength. Inflammation, lower LBM, and lipodystrophy in HIV-infected men were associated with lower subsequent grip strength. These findings suggest that inflammation may contribute to declines in functional performance, independent of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W. Crawford
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoqiang Xu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Adrian S. Dobs
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Frank J. Palella
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Mallory D. Witt
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Todd T. Brown
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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