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Wu Z, Ren Z, Gao R, Sun K, Sun F, Liu T, Zheng S, Wang W, Zhang G. Impact of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation at different frequencies on neurogenesis in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30730. [PMID: 38784548 PMCID: PMC11112288 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis, play a vital role in neuronal plasticity of adult mammalian brains, and its dysregulation is present in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). While subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) at various frequencies has been proven effective in alleviating PD symptoms, its influence on neurogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 1-week electrical stimulation at frequencies of 60Hz, 130Hz, and 180Hz on neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of PD rats. A hemiparkinsonian rat model was established using 6-hydroxydopamine and categorized into six groups: control, PD, sham stimulation, 60Hz stimulation, 130Hz stimulation, and 180Hz stimulation. Motor function was assessed using the open field test and rotarod test after one week of STN-DBS at different frequencies. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in brain tissue was analyzed via Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to evaluate the expression of BrdU/Sox2, BrdU/GFAP, Ki67/GFAP, and BrdU/DCX in bilateral SVZ and the rostral migratory stream (RMS). Our findings revealed that high-frequency STN-DBS improved motor function. Specifically, stimulation at 130Hz increased dopaminergic neuron survival in the PD rat model, while significantly enhancing the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and neuroblasts in bilateral SVZ. Moreover, this stimulation effectively facilitated the generation of new NSCs in the ipsilateral RMS and triggered the emergence of fresh neuroblasts in bilateral RMS, with notable presence within the lesioned striatum. Conversely, electrical stimulation at 60Hz and 180Hz did not exhibit comparable effects. The observed promotion of neurogenesis in PD rats following STN-DBS provides valuable insights into the mechanistic basis of this therapeutic approach for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Ren
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Runshi Gao
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Functional Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fangling Sun
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuan-Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuan-Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songyang Zheng
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuan-Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuan-Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Functional Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Fauser M, Payonk JP, Weber H, Statz M, Winter C, Hadar R, Appali R, van Rienen U, Brandt MD, Storch A. Subthalamic nucleus but not entopeduncular nucleus deep brain stimulation enhances neurogenesis in the SVZ-olfactory bulb system of Parkinsonian rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1396780. [PMID: 38746080 PMCID: PMC11091264 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1396780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a highly effective treatment option in Parkinson's disease. However, the underlying mechanisms of action, particularly effects on neuronal plasticity, remain enigmatic. Adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone-olfactory bulb (SVZ-OB) axis and in the dentate gyrus (DG) has been linked to various non-motor symptoms in PD, e.g., memory deficits and olfactory dysfunction. Since DBS affects several of these non-motor symptoms, we analyzed the effects of DBS in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) on neurogenesis in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats. Methods In our study, we applied five weeks of continuous bilateral STN-DBS or EPN-DBS in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats with stable dopaminergic deficits compared to 6-OHDA-lesioned rats with corresponding sham stimulation. We injected two thymidine analogs to quantify newborn neurons early after DBS onset and three weeks later. Immunohistochemistry identified newborn cells co-labeled with NeuN, TH and GABA within the OB and DG. As a putative mechanism, we simulated the electric field distribution depending on the stimulation site to analyze direct electric effects on neural stem cell proliferation. Results STN-DBS persistently increased the number of newborn dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons in the OB but not in the DG, while EPN-DBS does not impact neurogenesis. These effects do not seem to be mediated via direct electric stimulation of neural stem/progenitor cells within the neurogenic niches. Discussion Our data support target-specific effects of STN-DBS on adult neurogenesis, a putative modulator of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Fauser
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Payonk
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hanna Weber
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Meike Statz
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ravit Hadar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Revathi Appali
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Ageing of Individuals and Society, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ursula van Rienen
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Ageing of Individuals and Society, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Moritz D. Brandt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
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van Wamelen DJ, Rukavina K, Podlewska AM, Chaudhuri KR. Advances in the Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Management of Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: An Update Since 2017. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1786-1805. [PMID: 35293295 PMCID: PMC10514535 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220315163856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are an important and ubiquitous determinant of quality of life in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, robust evidence for their treatment is still a major unmet need. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide an updated review on advances in pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and exercise-based interventions for NMS in PD, covering the period since the publication of the MDS Task Force Recommendations. METHODS We performed a literature search to identify pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and exercise-based interventions for NMS in PD. As there are recent reviews on the subject, we have only included studies from the 1st of January 2017 to the 1st of December 2021 and limited our search to randomised and non-randomised (including open-label) clinical trials. RESULTS We discuss new strategies to manage NMS based on data that have become available since 2017, for instance, on the treatment of orthostatic hypotension with droxidopa, several dopaminergic treatment options for insomnia, and a range of non-pharmacological and exercise-based interventions for cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms, pain, and insomnia and excessive sleepiness. CONCLUSION Recent evidence suggests that targeted non-pharmacological treatments, as well as some other NMS management options, may have a significant beneficial effect on the quality of life and need to be considered in the pathways of treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. van Wamelen
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence at King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katarina Rukavina
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence at King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra M. Podlewska
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence at King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - K. Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence at King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Beneficial effects of whole-body vibration exercise for brain disorders in experimental studies with animal models: a systematic review. Behav Brain Res 2022; 431:113933. [PMID: 35654174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Brain disorders have been a health challenge and is increasing over the years. Early diagnosis and interventions are considered essential strategies to treat patients at risk of brain disease. Physical exercise has shown to be beneficial for patients with brain diseases. A type of exercise intervention known as whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise gained increasing interest. During WBV, mechanical vibrations, produced by a vibrating platform are transmitted, to the body. The purpose of the current review was to summarize the effects of WBV exercise on brain function and behavior in experimental studies with animal models. Searches were performed in EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science including publications from 1960 to July 2021, using the keywords "whole body vibration" AND (animal or mice or mouse or rat or rodent). From 1284 hits, 20 papers were selected. Rats were the main animal model used (75%) followed by mice (20%) and porcine model (5%), 16 studies used males species and 4 females. The risk of bias, accessed with the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool, indicated that none of the studies fulfilled all methodological criteria, resulting in possible bias. Despite heterogeneity, the results suggest beneficial effects of WBV exercise on brain functioning, mainly related to motor performance, coordination, behavioral control, neuronal plasticity and synapse function. In conclusion, the findings observed in animal studies justifies continued clinical research regarding the effectiveness and potential of WBV for the treatment of various types of brain disorders such as trauma, developmental disorders, neurogenetic diseases and other neurological diseases.
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Patel ZM, Holbrook EH, Turner JH, Adappa ND, Albers MW, Altundag A, Appenzeller S, Costanzo RM, Croy I, Davis GE, Dehgani-Mobaraki P, Doty RL, Duffy VB, Goldstein BJ, Gudis DA, Haehner A, Higgins TS, Hopkins C, Huart C, Hummel T, Jitaroon K, Kern RC, Khanwalkar AR, Kobayashi M, Kondo K, Lane AP, Lechner M, Leopold DA, Levy JM, Marmura MJ, Mclelland L, Miwa T, Moberg PJ, Mueller CA, Nigwekar SU, O'Brien EK, Paunescu TG, Pellegrino R, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Reiter ER, Roalf DR, Rowan NR, Schlosser RJ, Schwob J, Seiden AM, Smith TL, Soler ZM, Sowerby L, Tan BK, Thamboo A, Wrobel B, Yan CH. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:327-680. [PMID: 35373533 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review, or evidence-based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies. CONCLUSION This critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara M Patel
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin H Turner
- Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark W Albers
- Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Otolaryngology, Biruni University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard M Costanzo
- Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ilona Croy
- Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Greg E Davis
- Otolaryngology, Proliance Surgeons, Seattle and Puyallup, Washington, USA
| | - Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
- Associazione Naso Sano, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Corciano, Italy
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David A Gudis
- Otolaryngology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas S Higgins
- Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Otolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London Bridge Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Huart
- Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholgique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Robert C Kern
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashoke R Khanwalkar
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology, Barts Health and University College London, London, UK
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Otolaryngology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Marmura
- Neurology Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisha Mclelland
- Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Otolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Paul J Moberg
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sagar U Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin K O'Brien
- Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Teodor G Paunescu
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Carl Philpott
- Otolaryngology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan R Reiter
- Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - James Schwob
- Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen M Seiden
- Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Sowerby
- Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Otolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bozena Wrobel
- Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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Trentin S, Fraiman de Oliveira BS, Ferreira Felloni Borges Y, de Mello Rieder CR. Systematic review and meta-analysis of Sniffin Sticks Test performance in Parkinson's disease patients in different countries. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:1123-1145. [PMID: 34319482 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olfaction impairment occurs in about 90% of patients with Parkinson's disease. The Sniffin Sticks Test is a widely used instrument to measure olfactory performance and is divided into three subtests that assess olfactory threshold, discrimination and identification. However, cultural and socioeconomic differences can influence test performance. OBJECTIVES We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existent data about Sniffin Sticks Test performance of Parkinson's disease patients and healthy controls in different countries and investigated if there are other cofactors which could influence the olfactory test results. A subgroup analysis by country was performed as well as a meta-regression using age, gender and air pollution as covariates. RESULTS Four hundred and thirty studies were found and 66 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Parkinson's disease patients showed significantly lower scores on the Sniffin Sticks Test and all its subtests than healthy controls. Overall, the heterogeneity among studies was moderate to high as well as the intra-country heterogeneity. The subgroup analysis, stratifying by country, maintained a high residual heterogeneity. CONCLUSION The meta-regression showed a significant correlation with age and air pollution in a few subtests. A high heterogeneity was found among studies which was not significantly decreased after subgroup analysis by country. This fact signalizes that maybe cultural influence has a small impact on the Sniffin Sticks Test results. Age and air pollution have influence in a few olfactory subtests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Trentin
- Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6690, Ipiranga Avenue, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Samuel Fraiman de Oliveira
- Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6690, Ipiranga Avenue, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Yuri Ferreira Felloni Borges
- Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6690, Ipiranga Avenue, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
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Tremblay C, Frasnelli J. Olfactory-Trigeminal Interactions in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6218692. [PMID: 33835144 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a highly frequent early non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). An important step to potentially use OD for the development of early diagnostic tools of PD is to differentiate PD-related OD from other forms of non-parkinsonian OD (NPOD: postviral, sinunasal, post-traumatic, and idiopathic OD). Measuring non-olfactory chemosensory modalities, especially the trigeminal system, may allow to characterize a PD-specific olfactory profile. We here review the literature on PD-specific chemosensory alteration patterns compared with NPOD. Specifically, we focused on the impact of PD on the trigeminal system and particularly on the interaction between olfactory and trigeminal systems. As this interaction is seemingly affected in a disease-specific manner, we propose a model of interaction between both chemosensory systems that is distinct for PD-related OD and NPOD. These patterns of chemosensory impairment still need to be confirmed in prodromal PD; nevertheless, appropriate chemosensory tests may eventually help to develop diagnostic tools to identify individuals at risks for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Tremblay
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.,Research Center, Sacré-Coeur Hospital of Montreal, 5400 Boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
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Li C, Hou Y, Wang X, Li YX, Li F, Zhang C, Li WG. Impact of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation on Hyposmia in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Is Influenced by Constipation and Dysbiosis of Microbiota. Front Neurol 2021; 12:653833. [PMID: 33889128 PMCID: PMC8056012 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.653833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-motor symptoms in PD usually arise at very early stage and vary during the whole disease progression. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is considered as a highly efficient treatment option for PD's motor function. However, the effect of DBS on NMS, especially hyposmia, has not been fully understood and the deep connection between different NMS such as hyposmia and constipation is still unknown. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of DBS on hyposmia in PD patients with or without constipation and find potential factors which might influence the efficacy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 65 PD patients accepted STN-DBS operation in Qilu Hospital during 2019-2020 were conducted to evaluate the exact therapeutic effect of DBS on hyposmia in PD. Sub-group analyses about the relationship between hyposmia and constipation were carried out. Analysis of flora in nasal mucosa was also conducted to evaluate the abundance and variety in different PD groups. Results: Our study showed that DBS had clearly improved olfactory function in Parkinson patients (P = 0.012) and subgroup analysis found that PD patients with constipation have lower olfactory function scores (25.27 ± 3.44 vs. 33.90 ± 6.633, p = 0.014) and worse improvement after DBS operation (ΔTDI 12.11 ± 3.2 vs. 8.78 ± 2.91, p = 0.0072). Analysis of flora indicated the obvious discrepancy on olfactory function scores and degree of improvement might be related to the abundance and dysbiosis of microbiota. Conclusion: In summary, this article presents a study on PD with hyposmia and constipation after DBS operation, explored the relationship between different NMS and offer a potential explanation on why PD patients with constipation usually have worse olfactory function for the less abundance and variety of microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue-Xuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Brain Function Remodeling, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Alonso CCG, Silva FG, Costa LOP, Freitas SMSF. Smell tests to distinguish Parkinson's disease from other neurological disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:365-379. [PMID: 33546569 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1886925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Olfactory impairment has been considered for differential diagnosis in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The authors aimed to identify the tests used to assess the olfactory function in PD patients and examine these tests' ability to distinguish them from other neurological disorders.Areas covered: Cross-sectional studies published until May 2020 comparing the olfactory function of PD patients to other neurological disorders were searched on PubMed, PsycInfo, Cinahl, and Web of Science databases using search terms related to PD, olfactory function, and assessment. Five thousand three hundred and four studies were screened, and 35 were included in the systematic review. Six smell tests that evaluated a total of 1,544 PD patients were identified. Data of 1,144 patients included in the meta-analyses revealed worse smell performance than individuals with other neurological disorders, such as progressive supranuclear palsy and essential tremor, but not with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.Expert opinion: The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test was the most used test to assess the olfactory function of PD. Smell loss was worse in PD than in some neurological disorders. The smell tests' ability in differentiating PD from other neurological disorders still deserves more attention in future studies. Protocol register (PROSPERO/2018-CRD42018107009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia C G Alonso
- Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G Silva
- Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo O P Costa
- Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra M S F Freitas
- Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Chase BA, Markopoulou K. Olfactory Dysfunction in Familial and Sporadic Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:447. [PMID: 32547477 PMCID: PMC7273509 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This minireview discusses our current understanding of the olfactory dysfunction that is frequently observed in sporadic and familial forms of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonian syndromes. We review the salient characteristics of olfactory dysfunction in these conditions, discussing its prevalence and characteristics, how neuronal processes and circuits are altered in Parkinson's disease, and what is assessed by clinically used measures of olfactory function. We highlight how studies of monogenic Parkinson's disease and investigations in ethnically diverse populations have contributed to understanding the mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss how imaging and system-level approaches have been used to understand the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction. We discuss the challenging, remaining gaps in understanding the basis of olfactory dysfunction in neurodegeneration. We propose that insights could be obtained by following longitudinal cohorts with familial forms of Parkinson's disease using a combination of approaches: a multifaceted longitudinal assessment of olfactory function during disease progression is essential to identify not only how dysfunction arises, but also to address its relationship to motor and non-motor Parkinson's disease symptoms. An assessment of cohorts having monogenic forms of Parkinson's disease, available within the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEoPD), as well as other international consortia, will have heuristic value in addressing the complexity of olfactory dysfunction in the context of the neurodegenerative process. This will inform our understanding of Parkinson's disease as a multisystem disorder and facilitate the more effective use of olfactory dysfunction assessment in identifying prodromal Parkinson's disease and understanding disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Chase
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Katerina Markopoulou
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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