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Ashkar I, Sanz JL, Forner L, Ghilotti J, Melo M. A Literature Review of the Effect of Heat on the Physical-Chemical Properties of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers. J Endod 2024; 50:1044-1058.e5. [PMID: 38729300 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, calcium silicate-based sealers (CSSs) have gained popularity in endodontic practice due to their biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties. They are considered viable alternatives to epoxy resin-based sealers. With the increased use of CSSs and warm vertical compaction techniques in root canal treatment, evaluating the impact of heat on CSSs properties is essential, therefore this review aimed to present a qualitative synthesis of available in vitro studies assessing the impact of heat on the physical-chemical properties of CSSs. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 guidelines, a systematic advanced electronic search was performed in Scopus, Embase, Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, and Cochrane databases in November 2023 and updated in April 2024. In vitro studies that evaluated the physical-chemical properties of CSSs were eligible. PRILE 2021 guidelines were used for the assessment of the risk of bias-included studies. RESULTS The search identified a total of 6421 preliminary results and 10 studies were included for qualitative assessment. Eleven different physiochemical properties were assessed by the included studies. Setting time and flow were the most evaluated property among the studies. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence on each property is presented. CONCLUSIONS Based on the in vitro studies assessed in the present systematic review, results reveal that exposing CSSs to heat can accelerate their setting time, reduce their flow, and increase their film thickness. Concerns persist regarding solubility, viscosity, radiopacity, dimensional change, microhardness, porosity, and compressive strength, requiring further research. Certain CSSs, such as MTA Fillapex and Endosequence BC sealer HiFlow, show minimal changes under heat, making them potential candidates for warm filling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Ashkar
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - James Ghilotti
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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La Rosa GRM, Canova FS, Leotta ML, Pedullà E. Effects of heating on bioceramic sealers: a scoping review of chemo-physical properties and clinical implications. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00969-3. [PMID: 38977543 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
This scoping review aims to summarize current research to assess the impact of heating on the chemo-physical properties of bioceramic sealers. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in April 2024 across PubMed and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria referred to all study types evaluating the effect of heating temperature on bioceramic sealers' properties, with no language or time restrictions applied. Studies were independently screened by two reviewers, and relevant data were extracted and synthesized qualitatively. Out of 91 initially identified studies, 19 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis. The selected studies ranged from 2014 to 2024 and comprised laboratory-based investigations. Various bioceramic sealers, including EndoSequence BC Sealer, BioRoot RCS, and TotalFill BC, were analyzed across different heating techniques. The findings revealed divergent responses of bioceramic sealers to heat, with some demonstrating stability while others exhibited alterations in properties such as flow, setting time, and chemical composition. The impact of heat on bioceramic sealers depends on the sealer's composition and laboratory setting. While some sealers are affected significantly, others remain stable. Clinicians should carefully consider these factors when bioceramic sealers are used with warm obturation techniques, but caution is needed as real-world conditions may vary. Integrating laboratory results with clinical evidence is essential for improving treatment efficacy and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Saverio Canova
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Leotta
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Li W, Ju B, Cheng G, Lv Z. The efficacy of 3 root canal sealers combined with warm gutta-percha vertical compression technique in the treatment of dental pulp disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38414. [PMID: 38875398 PMCID: PMC11175958 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the efficacy of 3 root canal sealants such as AH Plus, GuttaFlow and iRoot SP combined with warm gutta-percha vertical compression technique in the treatment of dental pulp disease. This was a single-center retrospective study. 180 patients with dental pulp disease were divided into AH Plus group (n = 60), GuttaFlow group (n = 60) and iRoot SP group (n = 60) according to the different treatment methods. Patients in different groups were treated with corresponding root canal sealant combined with warm gutta-percha vertical compression technique. The quality of root canal filling, filling time, filling area ratio, the incidence of pain after operation, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and efficacy at 6 months after operation were compared among the 3 groups, respectively. The filling time in the GuttaFlow group and the iRoot SP group was significantly shorter than that in the AH Plus group (P < .001). There were significant differences in pain grade (P = .015) and pain rate (P = .016) among the 3 groups, and the pain rate in the GuttaFlow group and the iRoot SP group was significantly lower than that in the AH Plus group (P = .016). The time-point effect, intergroup effect and time-groups effect of serum TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly different (P < .001), and the levels of the 3 groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < .05), and the levels were significantly lower in the GuttaFlow group and the iRoot SP group (P < .05). There were significant differences in efficacy grading and effective rate among the 3 groups (P = .028), and the effective rate of iRoot SP group was significantly higher than that of AH Plus group (P < .05). The iRoot SP or GuttaFlow as root canal sealant combined with warm gutta-percha vertical compression technique in the treatment of dental pulp disease is better than AH Plus, and the former one can shorten the filling time, relieve the postoperative pain and improve the inflammatory response, but the long-term apical sealing effect of iRoot SP is better than GuttaFlow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Abu-Zeid ST, Alamoudi RA. Comparative Analysis of Interfacial Adaptation and Depth Penetration of Recent HiFlow versus Regular Bioceramic Sealers in Conjunction with BC Gutta-Percha Points Using Two Different Obturation Techniques-A Preliminary Report of an Ex Vivo Study. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:134. [PMID: 38786645 PMCID: PMC11122194 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15050134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the adaptability and penetration depth capacity of recent bioceramic systems, including regular EndoSequence (BC) versus HiFlow (BCH) sealers in the presence of BC points. A total of 54 single-rooted teeth were instrumented and obturated with either the cold or warm compaction technique (n = 9), using either BC, BCH, or AH Plus (AHP) combined with BC points. The adaptation, film thickness, and gaps/voids were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The sealer/dentin interface was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, and depth penetration was evaluated by a confocal laser scanning microscope. According to the normality test, the data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests at p < 0.05. BCH sealer showed the significantly thinnest film with the greatest flow (p > 0.001), with further improvement when subjected to the warm compaction technique. Moreover, it exhibited close adaptation with deep penetration into radicular dentin, forming a tag-like structure. The Raman spectra also indicated close contact with the dentin surface. The use of BC sealer with BC points exhibited homogenous, single-unit obturation, either with a cold or warm technique. Furthermore, the use of the warm compaction technique with BCH sealer achieved a gap-free interface associated with tag-like structures, which exhibit the monoblock phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan T. Abu-Zeid
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia;
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Giza 12345, Egypt
| | - Ruaa A. Alamoudi
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia;
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Kim HI, Jang YE, Kim Y, Kim BS. Physicochemical Changes in Root-Canal Sealers under Thermal Challenge: A Comparative Analysis of Calcium Silicate- and Epoxy-Resin-Based Sealers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1932. [PMID: 38673289 PMCID: PMC11052323 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared the effects of heat on the physicochemical properties of recently developed calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBSs), including BioRoot Flow, BioRoot RCS, and AH Plus Bioceramic sealer, with those of the epoxy-resin-based sealer (ERBS) AH Plus. METHODS The flow, film thickness, setting time, and solubility of sealers were evaluated at 37 °C and 100 °C using ISO 6876/2012. Furthermore, pH and calcium ion release were evaluated at these temperatures. In addition, the mass change in sealers at a high temperature was assessed via thermogravimetric analysis. Then, the chemical composition and components of the sealers were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RESULTS BioRoot Flow, AH Plus Bioceramic, and AH Plus complied with ISO standards in terms of flow and film thickness, both before and after heat application. However, BioRoot RCS exhibited significantly increased film thickness at 100 °C. The setting times of all sealers were significantly reduced at 100 °C. The solubility of CSBS was >3%, exceeding the ISO 6876/2012 standard, both before and after heat exposure. Conversely, the solubility of AH Plus complied with the standard, regardless of the thermal condition. For 4 weeks, CSBS showed a significantly higher pH than AH Plus at both 37 °C and 100 °C. After heat treatment, calcium release decreased in Bioroot RCS and BioRoot Flow, while AH Plus showed no significant differences before and after treatment. However, CSBS consistently exhibited significantly higher calcium release than AH Plus at both temperatures. An FTIR analysis revealed that the chemical composition of the sealers did not change at the high temperature, whereas a thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated a >5% weight reduction in CSBS and a 0.005% weight reduction in AH Plus at 100 °C. CONCLUSIONS BioRoot Flow, AH Plus Bioceramic, and AH Plus possess favorable physicochemical properties, which make them suitable for application under thermal conditions. At a high temperature, BioRoot RCS did not exhibit changes in its chemical composition. However, its film thickness was increased, and pH and solubility were reduced. Therefore, caution is needed when it is applied at high temperatures, such as during the warm obturation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-In Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea; (H.-I.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Young-Eun Jang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea; (H.-I.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yemi Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea; (H.-I.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea
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Karam M, Faraj M, Mhanna R, Khalil I, Habib M, Makhlouf M, Zogheib C. Effect of heat application on the physicochemical properties of new endodontic sealers: an in vitro and SEM study. Odontology 2024; 112:512-525. [PMID: 38070028 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the properties of endodontic sealers is vital for treatment planning. Calcium silicate-based sealers are important in modern endodontics. This study investigates the effect of heat on the physicochemical properties of new calcium silicate sealers, addressing concerns raised by clinicians seeking to combine their benefits with the gutta-percha obturation technique. Five endodontic sealers (AH Plus Bioceramic®, Total Fill® BC®, One-fil® Bioceramic, K-Biocer, Any-seal®) were evaluated. Each sealer (n = 16/group) was either kept at 37 °C or subjected to heat at 60 or 200 °C for 30 s. ISO 6876-2012 standards were used to measure setting time, flow, film thickness, and dimensional changes over time. SEM and EDS were utilized for surface and chemical analysis. Data analysis employed IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 with a 5% significance level for two-sided tests. The sealers' setting times were shortened by heat, except for Total Fill® BC with extended setting time. All sealers had significantly longer setting times than manufacturer specifications. Film thickness increased with temperature, while flow values decreased. K-Biocer sealer showed the highest flow (16.89 ± 0.57 mm) at 200 °C, while Total Fill® sealer had the lowest (15.32 ± 0.62 mm). Shrinkage was significant at 60 °C and 200 °C, with greater shrinkage at 200 °C. Heat caused surface deformations in all sealers. The 200 °C groups exhibited more voids in AH Plus Bioceramic®, Any-seal®, and One-fil® sealers, and higher void area in Total Fill®, One-fil®, and K-Biocer sealers (p value < 0.001). EDX analysis confirmed heat-induced chemical and elemental changes in all tested sealers. Elevated temperature affects the physicochemical properties and structure of the tested endodontic sealers. The consideration of endodontic sealer compatibility is essential when warm gutta-percha obturation techniques are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Karam
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Marwa Faraj
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Program, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rami Mhanna
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Issam Khalil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marc Habib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michèle Makhlouf
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Zogheib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Kapralos V, Camilleri J, Koutroulis A, Valen H, Ørstavik D, Sunde PT. Endodontic sealers after exposure to chlorhexidine digluconate: An assessment of physicochemical properties. Dent Mater 2024; 40:420-430. [PMID: 38123383 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Final root canal irrigation should ideally maintain the physicochemical stability of root canal sealers. We seek to assess the effect of contact with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on the physicochemical properties of AH Plus, BioRoot™ RCS, and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS). METHODS Mixed sealers were placed in cylindrical teflon molds and allowed to set for 1.5x the manufacturers' setting time. Half of the specimens had their free surface in contact with CHX for the first minute of their setting period. Solubility, radiopacity, surface roughness, microhardness and wettability of the sealers were assessed up to 28 days after setting. Elemental analysis of sealer surfaces and their leachates together with pH measurements were also performed. Appropriate parametric and non-parametric analysis with post hoc tests were performed (p < 0.05). RESULTS Exposure to CHX had no effect on solubility and radiopacity of all sealers. CHX altered the surface roughness of PCS and BioRoot RCS (p < 0.05). Contact with CHX reduced the microhardness of AH Plus and PCS (p < 0.05). AH Plus was more hydrophilic after CHX contact, whereas PCS became more hydrophobic (p < 0.05). AH Plus and PCS surfaces appeared to adsorb CHX as exhibited by chlorine peaks after contact with CHX. Sealer leachates' alkalinity was not affected. CHX increased elution of silicon and zirconium for BioRoot and zinc for PCS leachates. SIGNIFICANCE In our study, CHX affected sealers' physicochemical properties to various extents. Further studies are needed to confirm the obtained results by investigating various final irrigation strategies and correlating to biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Kapralos
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Josette Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Koutroulis
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Valen
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70 A, 0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Ørstavik
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pia Titterud Sunde
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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Al-Hiyasat AS, Sawallha AM, Taha NA. The effect of sealer type and obturation technique on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7359-7367. [PMID: 37923945 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of sealer type with various obturation techniques on the fracture resistance of root filled teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty mandibular premolars were collected, and root canals of 70 of them were prepared by Mtwo system up to 40/04. Thirty teeth were obturated using TotalFill BC sealer, and 30 using AH Plus sealer, with one of the obturation techniques (N = 10), namely cold lateral compaction (CLC), warm vertical compaction (WVC), and single cone (SC). Ten teeth were left without obturation as a positive control, and the other 10 teeth were not prepared serving as a negative control. Teeth were stored for 3 weeks, and the crowns were separated and the roots were subjected to fracture test using a universal testing machine. RESULTS Data was analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Fracture resistance of the TotalFill groups was significantly higher than the AH Plus groups in each obturation technique, and SC had the highest fracture resistance regardless of sealer used (P < 0.05). Obturation of the root canal by TotaFill BC sealer increased the calcium/phosphorous ratio in the dentin of the root. CONCLUSIONS Obturation with TotalFill BC sealer improved the fracture resistance of the roots more than AH Plus sealer, and obturation with SC resulted in higher fracture resistance than CLC and WVC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Obturation of the root canal with Bioceramic sealer with single cone obturation technique could reduce the incidence of vertical root fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Al-Hiyasat
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Anas M Sawallha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nessrin A Taha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Karatas E, Hadis M, Palin WM, Milward MR, Kuehne SA, Camilleri J. Minimally invasive management of vital teeth requiring root canal therapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20389. [PMID: 37990070 PMCID: PMC10663499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the possible use of a non-instrumentation technique including blue light irradiation for root canal cleaning. Extracted human single rooted teeth were selected. Nine different groups included distilled water, NaOCl, intra-canal heated NaOCl, and NaOCl + EDTA irrigation after either instrumentation or non-instrumentation, and a laser application group following non-instrumentation technique. The chemical assessment of the root canal dentine was evaluated using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Surface microstructural analyses were performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial efficacy of different preparation techniques was evaluated using microbial tests. Light application didn't change the calcium/phosphorus, carbonate/phosphate and amide I/phosphate ratios of the root canal dentin. The root canal dentin preserved its original chemistry and microstructure after light application. The instrumentation decreased the carbonate/phosphate and amide I/phosphate ratios of the root canal dentin regardless of the irrigation solution or technique (p < 0.05). The application of light could not provide antibacterial efficacy to match the NaOCl irrigation. The NaOCl irrigation both in the non-instrumentation and instrumentation groups significantly reduced the number of bacteria (p < 0.05). The use of minimally invasive root canal preparation techniques where the root canal is not instrumented and is disinfected by light followed by obturation with a hydraulic cement sealer reduced the microbial load and preserved the dentin thus may be an attractive treatment option for management of vital teeth needing root canal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Karatas
- Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - M Hadis
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - W M Palin
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - M R Milward
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - S A Kuehne
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
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Kagan Bas M, Meva Durmazpinar P, Betul Basturk F, Sazak Ovecoglu H. In vitro evaluation of temperature change on the root surface after the removal of root canal filling. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2023; 237:1330-1336. [PMID: 37861317 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231201790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the temperature changes occurring on the root surfaces after the removal of root canal filling with two different root canal sealers by two different reciprocating files. Sixty extracted teeth with a single root and canal were used in this study. After chemomechanical preparation, the root canals in the experimental groups were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus or CeraSeal, while those of the control groups were filled with gutta-percha only. Resiproc or WaveOne Gold were used for the removal of the root canal filling. Temperature changes in the middle and apical third of the root surface were recorded by a thermal camera at different time intervals. Among the groups using the same sealer, the temperature rise observed on the root surface at the end of 90 s in the Resiproc groups was found to be significantly higher than that of the WaveOne Gold groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Kagan Bas
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Fatima Betul Basturk
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hesna Sazak Ovecoglu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Shen I, Daniel J, Vo K, Ahn C, Primus C, Komabayashi T. Use of micro-CT to examine effects of heat on coronal obturation. J Oral Sci 2022; 64:224-227. [PMID: 35661644 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.22-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to categorize the effects of heat on coronal obturation with gutta-percha and sealer using X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). METHODS Ten single-rooted, extracted human teeth were shaped using ProTaper NEXT files to size X5 (#50/Taper 6%) with 2.5% NaOCl irrigation. A single ProTaper NEXT X5 gutta-percha point was then inserted with epoxy resin (AH Plus) or tricalcium silicate (EndoSequence BC) sealer (n = 5/group), and cut at the cemento-enamel junction. The teeth were scanned using micro-CT (SkyScan1272) to obtain 11 sagittal 2-D images. Three calibrated raters categorized the coronal 0.5 mm of the images into four categories: "swirled sealer and/or gutta-percha without voids" (I), "uniform voids and sealer/gutta-percha" (II), "non-uniform voids and sealer/gutta-percha" (III), and "swirled sealer and/or gutta-percha with voids" (IV). Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were then calculated. Chi-square tests were conducted to determine the significance of differences in each category between sealers. RESULTS The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.55 (same rater/two different times) and Fleiss' kappa (different raters/same image) was 0.34. Categories I, II, III, and IV accounted for 16.4%, 4.2%, 30.3%, and 49.1% for AH Plus, and 6.7%, 4.2%, 27.3%, and 61.8% for EndoSequence BC, respectively. CONCLUSION Category IV was most common and Category II the least common. Significant differences were evident between sealers for Category I (P < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Shen
- University of New England College of Dental Medicine
| | - Joan Daniel
- University of New England College of Dental Medicine
| | - Kali Vo
- University of New England College of Dental Medicine
| | - Chul Ahn
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
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Chavarria-Bolanos D, Komabayashi T, Shen I, Vega-Baudrit J, Gandolfi MG, Prati C, Montero-Aguilar M. Effects of heat on seven endodontic sealers. J Oral Sci 2021; 64:33-39. [PMID: 34880145 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the microscopic surface features, chemical composition, and thermodynamic profile of seven endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Adseal, MTA-Fillapex, RoekoSeal, GuttaFlow 2, GuttaFlow BioSeal, and EndoRez) exposed to high-temperature changes using an endodontic obturation device. METHODS The thermal properties were examined using scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Then, six disc-shaped specimens of each sealer were prepared and divided into two groups - a room temperature group and a heat exposure group - for analysis of surface and chemical changes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). RESULTS DSC analysis showed that AH Plus had the highest exothermal signal (122.9°C), while TGA analysis showed that MTA-Fillapex was most affected by increased temperature (32.4% mass loss at 230ºC). SEM analysis showed that while AH Plus and GuttaFlow BioSeal maintained their surface integrity after heat exposure, the EDS profiles demonstrated changes in the chemical composition of the sealers after heat exposure for 5 s. High-temperature exposure had a negative impact on the properties of five of the sealers (Adseal, MTA-Fillapex, RoekoSeal, GuttaFlow 2, and EndoRez). CONCLUSION AH Plus and GuttaFlow BioSeal showed minimal changes upon high-temperature exposure, suggesting their suitability for thermal endodontic obturation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivy Shen
- College of Dental Medicine, University of New England
| | | | - Maria G Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna
| | - Carlo Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna
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Jose JM, Manju Krishna EM, Ahamed SM, Theruvil R, Mathew J, George S. Effect of root dentin conditioning using different chelating agents on pushout bond strength of MTA-fillapex and bioroot RCS: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:195-198. [PMID: 34759589 PMCID: PMC8562834 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_574_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: The success of endodontic therapy depends on proper biomechanical preparation and obturation. Aim: To evaluate and compare the pushout bond strength (POBS) of MTA Fillapex (MF) and BioRoot RCS (BRCS) sealers in endodontically treated teeth with different irrigants-5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 0.2% Chitosan. Materials and Methods: 60 premolars were divided into three groups. Each group was then subdivided into A and B. The three groups were Group 1A: 17% EDTA + 5.25% NaOCl with MF sealer (n = 10); Group 1B: 17% EDTA + 5.25% NaOCl with BRCS sealer (n = 10); Group 2A: 0.2% Chitosan + 5.25% NaOCl with MF sealer (n = 10); Group 2B: 0.2% Chitosan + 5.25%NaOCl with BRCS sealer (n = 10); Group 3A: 5.25% NaOCl + MF sealer (n = 10); and Group 3B: 5.25% NaOCl + BRCS sealer (n = 10). After obturation, they were sectioned horizontally (1.5 mm thick). The POBS was studied using a universal testing machine (Autograph AG-1). The sample size was calculated using the statistical package G * Power (3.1.5). Results: It was found that the POBS of BRCS was higher when the root canal was irrigated with 0.2% Chitosan + 5.25% NaOCl. Thus, Group 2B showed significantly higher POBS than Group 2A. Conclusion: The irrigation regimen of Chitosan with NaOCl was found to have better debriding effect on the root canal. Of the two sealers, BRCS showed the higher bond strength values than MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesline Maria Jose
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, St. Gregorios Dental College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - E M Manju Krishna
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, St. Gregorios Dental College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - S Maneesh Ahamed
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, St. Gregorios Dental College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Robin Theruvil
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, St. Gregorios Dental College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Jain Mathew
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, St. Gregorios Dental College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Saira George
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, St. Gregorios Dental College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
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Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow. J Endod 2021; 48:123-131. [PMID: 34678358 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the physicochemical and biological properties of endodontic sealers is important for endodontic treatment planning. This study evaluated the properties of EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow (BCH; Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA), EndoSequence BC Sealer (BC, Brasseler USA), and AH Plus (AHP; Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). The effect of temperature on the setting time and flow of these sealers was also evaluated. METHODS The setting time, flow, radiopacity, pH, solubility, and calcium release were investigated following ISO guidelines. The morphology and chemical composition of the sealers were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of sealers was tested against 2 strains of Enterococcus faecalis. Sealer cytotoxicity and the effects on messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory and mineralization genes were also investigated. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance, Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn multiple comparison tests. P ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The setting time and flow rate of all sealers were affected by heat (P ≤ .05). The setting times and solubility of BCH and BC were significantly higher than AHP (P ≤ .0001). The radiopacity of AHP was higher than BCH and BC (P ≤ .0001). All sealers were alkaline and had antibacterial effects. Cell viability was higher for BCH and BC than AHP (P ≤ .0001). No significant differences in messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory and mineralization genes were observed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, BCH and BC had similar physicochemical and biological properties. The observed high solubility of BCH and BC as well as the high cytotoxicity of AHP might negatively impact the clinical performance of these materials. The application of heat affected the setting time and flow of all sealers.
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Palczewska-Komsa M, Kaczor-Wiankowska K, Nowicka A. New Bioactive Calcium Silicate Cement Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair High Plasticity (MTA HP)-A Systematic Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4573. [PMID: 34443098 PMCID: PMC8398617 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive calcium silicate cement Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has been used for years as a gold standard in intravital pulp treatment and specialist endodontic procedures. Owing to flaws of the material, the manufacturers have been trying to enhance and produce materials showing improved physical, chemical and biological parameters. One of the new calcium-silicate cements based on mineral trioxide aggregate, however without some flaws exhibited by the cement, is Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair High Plasticity (MTA HP). The aim of the present paper was a systematic literature review concerning the MTA HP material used nowadays in dentistry, as a review of its specific features. The present paper is the first article providing a systematic literature review on MTA HP. The aim of the present article is the better understanding of MTA HP properties, which can aid the decision-making process in endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kinga Kaczor-Wiankowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.P.-K.); (A.N.)
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Long-term porosity and retreatability of oval-shaped canals obturated using two different methods with a novel tricalcium silicate sealer. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1045-1052. [PMID: 34392407 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the percentage volume of voids and gaps in oval-shaped canals obturated using two different methods with a tricalcium silicate-based sealer after short- or long-term storage. The long-term effect of storage on the efficiency of removing filling material was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty premolar teeth with oval-shaped canals were instrumented to Reciproc R25 and obturated using single cone obturation (SCO) or warm vertical compaction (WVC) techniques with gutta-percha and HiFlow sealer. The specimens were stored at 100% humidity and 37°C for 2 weeks or 6 months and scanned using micro-computed tomography. Initial retreatment was performed up to a Reciproc R40, and the operating time was recorded. The residual material in the canal received a supplementary procedure using XP-endo Finisher R (XPFR) files. After each retreatment procedure, the specimens were rescanned. RESULTS The percentage volume of voids and gaps in the SCO group was higher than that of the WVC group at both 2 weeks and 6 months (P < 0.05). The percentage volume of the filling material removed after initial retreatment and XPFR cleaning was significantly higher in the 6-month group than in the 2-week groups (P < 0.05). The proportion of the residual material decreased significantly when XPFR files were used, compared to the initial retreatment group (P < 0.05) in both storage times. CONCLUSION The efficiency of retreatment in the oval-shaped canal was closely related to the storage time rather than the filling technique using a tricalcium silicate sealer. The XPFR instrument proved effective in the removal of the remaining materials from the oval-shaped canal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Obturation of the oval-shaped canal with TSBS using the SCO technique in the coronal area needs to be optimized. The retreatment was less efficacious in freshly filled canals than aged filled canals.
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Alves TO, Lopes FC, Yamin PA, Navas EA, da Cruz Filho AM, De-Deus G, Sousa-Neto MD, Silva RG. An ultrasonic-based experimental model to evaluate the setting time of endodontic sealers. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1948-1956. [PMID: 34181754 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate an ultrasonic-based experimental model (US), to assess the setting time of AH Plus® , Bio-C Sealer® and MTA Fillapex® , and compare the results obtained with ANSI/ADA specifications (2012). METHODS To determine the setting time according to the ANSI/ADA specification, moulds measuring 10 mm (diameter) × 2 mm (thickness) were used, and for the US tests a transducer (1 MHz) and an oscilloscope were used. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate the changes on chemical structure at the different setting times found by the US and ANSI/ADA methods. After checking the normal distribution, setting time data were analysed using unilateral analysis of variance with Tukey-HSD post-test to compare the methods. RESULTS AH Plus® and Bio-C Sealer® had longer mean setting time values for the US method than for the ANSI/ADA (p < .05), whilst for MTA Fillapex® no significant difference was found between the methods (p < .05). FTIR spectra demonstrated that at the setting time determined by the US method, AH Plus® and Bio-C Sealer® were in a more advanced stage of polymerization than at the ANSI/ADA, whilst there was no significant difference for MTA Fillapex® . CONCLUSIONS The use of US was effective for setting time determination and measured longer values than ANSI/ADA specification for AH Plus® and Bio-C Sealer® , identifying the entire (and not only superficial) setting of the endodontic sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Oliveira Alves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Carneiro Lopes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo André Yamin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Elcio Aparecido Navas
- Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda da Cruz Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo De-Deus
- Department of Oral Surgery, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Gariba Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Antunes TBM, Janini ACP, Pelepenko LE, Abuna GF, Paiva EM, Sinhoreti MAC, Raimundo IM, Gomes BPFA, de-Jesus-Soares A, Marciano MA. Heating stability, physical and chemical analysis of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1175-1188. [PMID: 33577106 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate possible modifications in root canal sealers subjected to a variety of heating conditions using vibrational spectroscopy and analysis of physical and chemical properties. METHODOLOGY EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow, Bio-C Sealer, BioRoot RCS and AH Plus were analysed chemically using Raman spectroscopy (25-220 °C) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) (37-100 °C ). For FT-IR, the materials were tested individually and mixed with root dentine powder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to evaluate surface and chemical elements. ISO 6876-2012 and ASTM-C266-07 specifications were followed to evaluate flow, setting time (moist and dry), solubility and radiopacity. Also, pH analysis at 37 and 100 °C was performed. Shapiro-Wilk and Mixed ANOVA (within and between the effects of the subjects), Levene, and a post hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS Vibrational spectroscopy revealed peaks of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate and zirconium dioxide. Chemical changes in the Raman spectra during heating were discrete, as the inorganic content predominated the signalling for all root canal sealers. FT-IR analysis exhibited spectral changes in water absorption for EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow and Bio-C Sealer, probably related to dehydration. For BioRoot RCS and AH Plus, no significant chemical changes were observed. Bio-C Sealer exhibited a band of polyethylene glycol only after heating to 100 °C, probably related to its thermal decomposition. SEM/EDS analysis corroborated the composition results observed in vibrational spectroscopy for all materials. Heating to 100 °C significantly changed the flowability of all calcium silicate-based sealers with a wide variation in setting times at both temperatures, along with solubility levels above ISO standards. For all tested sealers, radiopacity fulfilled the requirements, and pH exhibited alkaline values. CONCLUSIONS The tested calcium silicate-based sealers were affected by heating. Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers had high solubility which is a concern for their clinical use. AH Plus was the only root canal sealer that was stable after heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B M Antunes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C P Janini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L E Pelepenko
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G F Abuna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E M Paiva
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A C Sinhoreti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - I M Raimundo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - B P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A de-Jesus-Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Marciano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ekici Ö, Aslantaş K, Kanık Ö, Keles A. Temperature and time variations during apical resection. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:156-160. [PMID: 33245674 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1850855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate temperature and time variations during root-end resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty human premolars were selected. The root canals were enlarged up to ProTaper X3 rotary instrument. A thermocouple was placed into the root canal 1 mm behind the resection line. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups according to the apical resection method: steel bur, tungsten carbide bur, Lindeman bur, diamond bur, laser and ultrasonic surgical piezo with a diamond tip. The root ends were resected 3 mm away from the root apex. The temperature of the root dentine during resection was recorded as maximum temperature, mean temperature and temperature change. The time required for apicectomy was recorded for each group. The Kruskal-Wallis method was used to analyse the differences between temperature changes during apical resections. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS There was no significant difference between bur groups in terms of temperature increase. The maximum temperature in piezo surgery was significantly higher than the Lindeman, tungsten and steel burs (p < .001). In addition, the maximum temperature in laser surgery was higher than the Lindeman bur (p < .05). An increase in the temperature was mostly seen in piezo surgery and the least temperature change occurred in the Lindeman bur. Mean time stayed under 1 min in each group. CONCLUSIONS Although piezo caused the highest temperature increase, the measured temperature increase was within physiological limits in all tested techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Ekici
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Aslantaş
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kanık
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ali Keles
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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A comparative study of dentinal tubule penetration and the retreatability of EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow, iRoot SP, and AH Plus with different obturation techniques. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4163-4173. [PMID: 33638051 PMCID: PMC8137581 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate dentinal tubule penetration and the retreatability of EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow (HiFlow), iRoot SP, and AH Plus when using the single-cone (SC) or continuous wave condensation (CWC) technique. Materials and methods Sixty-five single-rooted teeth were instrumented and randomly divided into 5 groups: group 1, AH Plus/CWC; group 2, iRoot SP/CWC; group 3, iRoot SP/SC; group 4, HiFlow/CWC; and group 5, HiFlow/SC. The ability to re-establish patency during endodontic retreatment was recorded, as was the time taken to reach the working length. Dentinal tubule penetration and remaining debris after retreatment were evaluated by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (α = 0.05). Results The HiFlow/CWC and iRoot SP/CWC groups required more time to reach the working length than groups that underwent the SC technique regardless of the sealer used (P < .05). The HiFlow/CWC group showed a significantly higher percentage of sealer penetration area than that of the iRoot SP/SC at 4 mm from the apex (P < .05) and penetrated deeper into dentinal tubules than iRoot SP/SC at both 8-mm and 12-mm levels (P < .05). Moreover, the HiFlow/CWC and HiFlow/SC groups demonstrated less remaining sealer along the canal wall than AH Plus/CWC group at 4-mm level (P < .05). Conclusions HiFlow/CWC technique showed better performance in dentinal tubule penetration than that of iRoot SP/SC. Both HiFlow and iRoot SP combined with CWC technique groups required more retreatment time than the other groups. Furthermore, using HiFlow with either the CWC or SC technique left less remaining sealer at 4-mm level than using AH Plus with the CWC technique during retreatment. Clinical relevance With favorable performance in dentinal tubule penetration and retreatability in endodontic retreatment, the combined use of EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow with the recommended continuous wave condensation technique may be a worthwhile choice in root canal treatment.
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Influence of Ultrasonic Activation on the Physicochemical Properties of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:6697988. [PMID: 33574844 PMCID: PMC7857916 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6697988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the influence of ultrasonic activation on the physicochemical properties of setting time (ST), flow (FL), dimensional change (DC), and solubility (SL) of the cements: MTA, MTA Repair HP, and Biodentine®. Materials and Methods Two experimental groups were formed according to the cement activation protocol: without ultrasonic activation and with ultrasonic activation. Cements were manipulated according to the manufacturers' instructions. Ultrasonic activation group was performed with an E1 insert at power 3 (24–32 kHz) for 30 s directly in the center of the cement mass. The molds for analysis of the physicochemical properties were filled out and evaluated according to specification No. 57 from ANSI/ADA. The results were analyzed using the ANOVA test (two-way), complemented by Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The distilled water used during the solubility test was submitted to spectrometry to verify the release of calcium ions. The morphologies of the external surface and the cross-section of the samples were analyzed by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results For the ST, ultrasonic activation reduced the values of MTA, MTA Repair HP, and Biodentine (P < 0.05). For the FL, ultrasonic activation did not alter the flow of MTA (P > 0.05); however, it increased the flow MTA Repair HP and Biodentine (P < 0.05). For the DC, the percentage values of dimensional change were higher when there was ultrasonic activation in all repair cements (P < 0.05). For SL, there was a reduction in the percentage of the values in MTA and MTA Repair HP (P < 0.05); however, there was no change in the values of Biodentine (P > 0.05). Ultrasonic activation favored the release of calcium ions from all cements. The SEM analysis showed, in general, that the ultrasonic activation reduced and altered the particle shape of the cement. Conclusions The ultrasonic activation interfered in the ST, DC, FL, ultrastructural morphology, and calcium release of the repair cements. However, it did not affect the solubility of Biodentine®.
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Santos-Junior AO, Tanomaru-Filho M, Pinto JC, Tavares KIMC, Torres FFE, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Effect of obturation technique using a new bioceramic sealer on the presence of voids in flattened root canals. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e028. [PMID: 33605358 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the filling ability of a new ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer using thermoplastic or single-cone technique in flattened root canals. Twenty-four flattened distal canals of mandibular molars with a buccolingual diameter 4 or more times larger than the mesiodistal diameter were selected. The root canals were prepared and filled (n = 12), according to the following techniques: thermoplastic or single-cone technique using Bio-C Sealer. The teeth were scanned using Skycan 1176 micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) - voxel size 8.74 µm, before and after filling the root canal. The percentage of voids in the filled root canals was evaluated, and the data were statistically analyzed using the unpaired t-test (α = 0.05). The root canals filled using the thermoplastic technique created a smaller percentage of voids in the cervical/middle thirds than those filled using the single-cone technique (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the percentage of voids using either technique in the apical third (p > 0.05). The flattened root canals in the cervical/middle thirds were better filled using the ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer associated to the thermoplastic technique, compared with the single-cone technique. In the apical third, the techniques showed similar filling ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton Oliveira Santos-Junior
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry , Department of Restorative Dentistry , Araraquara , SP , Brazil
| | - Mário Tanomaru-Filho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry , Department of Restorative Dentistry , Araraquara , SP , Brazil
| | - Jáder Camilo Pinto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry , Department of Restorative Dentistry , Araraquara , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Ferrari Esteves Torres
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry , Department of Restorative Dentistry , Araraquara , SP , Brazil
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Yamauchi S, Watanabe S, Okiji T. Effects of heating on the physical properties of premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers. J Oral Sci 2020; 63:65-69. [PMID: 33298628 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of heating on the physical properties of four types of premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers. Endoseal MTA, Well-Root ST, EndoSequence BC Sealer, EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow, and AH Plus (epoxy resin root canal sealer) were heated at 100°C for 1 min, and changes in setting time, flow, and film thickness were evaluated in accordance with ISO 6876:2012 standards. In addition, pH measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses of the set materials were performed. All root canal sealers heated at 100°C showed significant decreases in setting time and flow, particularly Endoseal MTA. In addition, the film thickness of Endoseal MTA increased significantly after heating at 100°C. The pH and SEM/EDS results were not affected by heating. Heating calcium silicate-based root canal sealers accelerated setting time, decreased flow, and increased film thickness. However, the degree of these changes varied among the products. The present findings indicate that heat-induced changes in the physical properties of calcium silicate-based root canal sealers could adversely affect the quality of warm vertical condensation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamauchi
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Kapralos V, Rukke HV, Ørstavik D, Koutroulis A, Camilleri J, Sunde PT. Antimicrobial and physicochemical characterization of endodontic sealers after exposure to chlorhexidine digluconate. Dent Mater 2020; 37:249-263. [PMID: 33293036 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assess the antibacterial, physical and chemical properties of AH Plus, BioRoot RCS and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS) in contact with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) used as final irrigant prior to root canal obturation. METHODS The antimicrobial properties were investigated by direct contact tests for planktonic and biofilm growth of E. faecalis, S. mutans, S.epidermidis and S.aureus in vitro. The setting time, wettability, microhardness and surface roughness were also assessed. The sealers were studied in no contact, 1-minute (short-term) and continuous contact (long-term) with CHX. Chemical characterization of sealers was performed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy after CHX or saline used as the last irrigant in an ex vivo tooth model and in endo training blocks. RESULTS CHX increased the antibacterial activity of all the sealers investigated against planktonic bacteria and biofilms with PCS exerting the highest antimicrobial activity with and without the presence of CHX. The setting of AH Plus and BioRoot RCS was retarded, while for PCS accelerated in the presence of CHX. AH Plus and PCS were more hydrophilic after contact with CHX, whilst BioRoot RCS was hydrophobic in a time-dependent manner. The microhardness of sealers was compromised and the surface roughness increased after CHX exposure for AH Plus and BioRoot RCS, and decreased for PCS. CHX did not affect the sealers' chemistry, but PCS that exhibited two extra phases. SIGNIFICANCE CHX improved the antibacterial efficacy of endodontic sealers but further evidence is needed to confirm its suitability as a final irrigant prior to root canal obturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Kapralos
- Section of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71, 0455, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Håkon Valen Rukke
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70 A, 0855 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dag Ørstavik
- Section of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71, 0455, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andreas Koutroulis
- Section of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71, 0455, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Josette Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Pia Titterud Sunde
- Section of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71, 0455, Oslo, Norway.
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Hadis M, Camilleri J. Characterization of heat resistant hydraulic sealer for warm vertical obturation. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1183-1189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lim M, Jung C, Shin DH, Cho YB, Song M. Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers: a literature review. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e35. [PMID: 32839716 PMCID: PMC7431927 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resin-based sealers are currently widely used, and several studies have considered AH Plus to be the gold-standard sealer. However, it still has limitations, including possible mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and hydrophobicity. Drawing upon the advantages of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium silicate-based sealers were introduced with high levels of biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. Because of the hydrophilic environment in root canals, water resorption and solubility of root canal sealers are important factors contributing to their stability. Sealers displaying lower microleakage and stronger push-out bond strength are also needed to endure the dynamic tooth environment. Although the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers meet International Organization for Standardization recommendations, and they have consistently reported to be biocompatible, they have not overcome conventional resin-based sealers in actual practice. Therefore, further studies aiming to improve the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoung Lim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chanyong Jung
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong-bum Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Minju Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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de Freitas JV, Ebert J, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Tomazinho FSF, Sousa-Neto MDD, Lohbauer U, Baratto-Filho F. Temperature changes affect the rheological properties of a silicone-based and an epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 46:394-399. [PMID: 32725846 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate temperature changes on the rheological properties (setting time and complex viscosity (η*)) of GuttaFlow Bioseal (GFB) and AH Plus Jet (AHPJ). Rheological measurements were performed in oscillating mode at the strain amplitude and angular frequency of 0.01% and 10 rad s-1 , respectively. Each sealer (n = 5) was tested running a temperature ramp (rapid increase to 80°C, 1 min constantly at 80°C, and slower decrease to 37°C). Control groups (n = 5) were tested at a constant temperature of 37°C. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05) statistical tests were performed. The temperature ramp reduced setting time of GFB (24.85 to 4.45 min) (P < 0.05), but did not alter that of AHPJ (P > 0.05). GFB exhibited an increased η*, whereas the AHPJ η* was decreased when heated (P < 0.05). Rheological properties of sealers were negatively affected by temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Ebert
- Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen- Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ulrich Lohbauer
- Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen- Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade da Região de Joinville - Univille, Joinville, Brazil
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Atmeh AR, Hadis M, Camilleri J. Real‐time chemical analysis of root filling materials with heating: guidelines for safe temperature levels. Int Endod J 2020; 53:698-708. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Atmeh
- Department of Restorative Dental Science College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Hadis
- School of Dentistry Institute of Clinical Sciences College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - J. Camilleri
- School of Dentistry Institute of Clinical Sciences College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
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Cytotoxicity and the Effect of Temperature on Physical Properties and Chemical Composition of a New Calcium Silicate–based Root Canal Sealer. J Endod 2020; 46:531-538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Diegritz C, Gerlitzki O, Fotiadou C, Folwaczny M. Temperature changes on the root surface during application of warm vertical compaction using three different obturation units. Odontology 2019; 108:358-365. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Al-Hiyasat AS, Alfirjani SA. The effect of obturation techniques on the push-out bond strength of a premixed bioceramic root canal sealer. J Dent 2019; 89:103169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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The single cone obturation technique with a modified warm filler. J Dent 2019; 89:103181. [PMID: 31430509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a new method of obturation by warm sealer in conjunction to single cone gutta-percha and evaluate the suitability of this technique to obturate complex root canal systems. METHODOLOGY Three root canal sealers namely, AH Plus, BioRoot RCS, GuttaFlow and a prototype sealer composed of tricalcium silicate and 30% zirconium oxide mixed with water and water-soluble polymer were investigated. The sealers were tested for flow, film thickness, setting time and radiopacity following ISO 6876 (2012) recommendations at room temperature and following heat application at 100°C to change the sealer properties. All the test sealers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The volume of voids when used with a single cone obturation technique both unmodified and modified by heat was evaluated using microcomputed tomography. RESULTS Although the prototype sealer was designed to be similar to the BioRoot, its physical properties were found to be different. All sealers tested were affected by the heat and exhibited a change in the physical properties mainly the setting time, flow, film thickness and void volume. CONCLUSIONS The application of heat affected the sealer properties and void volume. The single cone obturation technique may not be suitable for complex canal anatomy and furthermore, AH Plus should not be subjected to high temperatures as its properties deteriorate and void volume increases.
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Real-time Intracanal Temperature Measurement During Different Obturation Techniques. J Endod 2018; 44:1832-1836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Macedo LMDD, Silva-Sousa Y, Silva SRCD, Baratto SSP, Baratto-Filho F, Abi Rached-Júnior FJ. Influence of Root Canal Filling Techniques on Sealer Penetration and Bond Strength to Dentin. Braz Dent J 2018; 28:380-384. [PMID: 29297560 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201602460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of root canal filling techniques on the penetration of AH Plus into dentinal tubules was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the impact on the bond strength of the filling material on the root dentin was evaluated using the push-out test. Roots of the maxillary central incisors (n=40) were prepared with ProTaper Universal and assigned to four groups: lateral condensation, vertical compaction, modified Tagger hybrid and single cone. After root canal filling with gutta-percha and AH Plus, along with the addition of 0.01% fluorescein, the roots were cut into 2-mm slices. CLSM was performed on the first slice of each root third, followed by the push-out test. The second slice was analyzed under SEM. ANOVA demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the root canal filling techniques and the root thirds (p<0.05). For percent penetration, Tukey's test showed that the vertical compaction (91.77±13.51), lateral condensation (89.18±10.91) and modified Tagger hybrid (87.53±15.42) presented the highest values, which significantly differed (p<0.05) from those of the single cone (78.19±22.46). For bond strength (MPa), lateral condensation (3.42±0.54) and vertical compaction (3.47±0.53) had the highest values (p<0.05), while the modified Tagger hybrid (2.19±0.41) and single cone (0.54±0.21) had the lowest. In conclusion, the lateral condensation, vertical compaction and Modified Tagger's hybrid techniques resulted in greater penetration and bond strength to the intra-radicular dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yara Silva-Sousa
- School of Dentistry, UNAERP - Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Cen R, Wang R, Cheung GS. Periodontal Blood Flow Protects the Alveolar Bone from Thermal Injury during Thermoplasticized Obturation: A Finite Element Analysis Study. J Endod 2018; 44:139-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Siboni F, Taddei P, Zamparini F, Prati C, Gandolfi MG. Properties of BioRoot RCS, a tricalcium silicate endodontic sealer modified with povidone and polycarboxylate. Int Endod J 2017; 50 Suppl 2:e120-e136. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Siboni
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - P. Taddei
- Unit of Biochemistry; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - F. Zamparini
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
- Endodontic Clinical Section; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - C. Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - M. G. Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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Reply. J Endod 2017; 43:1229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Roberts HW, Kirkpatrick TC, Bergeron BE. Thermal analysis and stability of commercially available endodontic obturation materials. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2589-2602. [PMID: 28185092 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the thermal stability of 23 commercially-available endodontic obturation materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (n = 10) were sealed in aluminum differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) crucibles and subjected to thermal scan series consisting of a 25 to 70 °C at 5 °C/min followed by a rapid increase to 230 °C, followed by a second scan from 25 to 70 °C at 5 °C/min. The first scan evaluated the materials as-received followed by a worse-case-scenario thermal challenge simulating temperatures involved with warm vertical condensation obturation techniques. The second thermal scan observed any phase changes from the high temperature challenge. This two-scan process was repeated twice to observe changes encountered by repeat high heat exposure during obturation. Mean thermal enthalpies were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Games-Howell post-hoc test. (p = 0.05). RESULTS Thermal behavior was material dependent. During the first thermal scan, materials typically demonstrated broad endothermic enthalpy curves suggesting either a gutta-percha phase mixture and/or an alpha crystalline phase. The first high-heat challenge produced definitive alpha/beta thermal phase signatures usually associated with gutta-percha. Changes in beta-phase enthalpies were noted with Therarmafil Plus and UltraFil Firmset while increase in alpha-phases was observed with GuttaCore, K3, Lexicon, and Schein Accessory Points. CONCLUSIONS Commercial endodontic gutta-percha obturation materials displayed thermal characteristics that were material dependent. However, all demonstrated stability at temperatures in excess to that experienced during warm vertical condensation techniques. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The gutta-percha obturation materials evaluated in this evaluation can be used successfully in warm vertical condensation techniques without fear of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Roberts
- Graduate Dental Research, 81 Dental Squadron, 606 Fisher Street, Keesler Air Force Base, Biloxi, MS, 39534, USA.
| | - T C Kirkpatrick
- Advanced Education in Endodontics, 81 Dental Squadron, Keesler Air Force Base, Biloxi, MS, USA
| | - B E Bergeron
- Advanced Education in Endodontics, Georgia Regents University School of Dental Medicine, Augusta, GA, USA
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Marques-Ferreira M, Abrantes M, Ferreira HD, Caramelo F, Botelho MF, Carrilho EV. Sealing efficacy of system B versus Thermafil and Guttacore obturation techniques evidenced by scintigraphic analysis. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e56-e60. [PMID: 28149464 PMCID: PMC5268114 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compared root canal sealing ability, filled by Continuous Wave compaction and two carrier-based obturation systems, using the nuclear medicine approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-five single-rooted extracted teeth were selected. The crowns were sectioned and each tooth was instrumented using rotary Protaper® Universal system. The roots were divided into 3 experimental groups and two control groups. Forty-five root canals were filled, using Continuous Wave, GuttaCore or Thermafil system and TopSeal sealer. Ten teeth were used as control. On the 7th days the apices were submersed in a solution of sodium pertechnetate 99mTc for 3 hours and the radioactivity was counted. RESULTS Although apical leakage in the Continuous Wave group was lower compared with GuttaCore and Thermafil groups, there was no statistical difference (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS System B, GuttaCore and Thermafil techniques showed a similar sealing effect. Key words:Continuous wave compaction, Gutta percha core-carrier, leakage, nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarida Abrantes
- PhD, Department of Biophysics and Biomathematics, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hugo-Diogo Ferreira
- DDS, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- PhD, Department of Biophysics and Biomathematics, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria-Filomena Botelho
- PhD, Department of Biophysics and Biomathematics, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Qu W, Bai W, Liang YH, Gao XJ. Influence of Warm Vertical Compaction Technique on Physical Properties of Root Canal Sealers. J Endod 2016; 42:1829-1833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bartolo A, Koyess E, Camilleri J, Micallef C. Model assessing thermal changes during high temperature root canal irrigation. Healthc Technol Lett 2016; 3:247-251. [PMID: 27733934 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2016.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of root canal irrigation is to eliminate micro-organisms. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is considered to be the ideal material and raising its temperature potentiates the antimicrobial activity. NaOCl may lead to localised tissue necrosis when extruded past the root apex. This study analyses the use of high temperature root canal irrigation as an alternative process for the elimination of microorganisms from the root canal system. An experimental set-up was designed where a constant supply of heat was passed from a heat source through a copper wire inside the root canal. The data acquired together with known constants pertaining to enamel and dentine was used to numerically model the thermal changes in a tooth using a finite element method. Results obtained from the finite element thermal model of the tooth were repeatable and were validated with the experimental results. The thermo-physical properties of the tooth were varied and convergence criteria met. The temperatures reached were below what has been reported to cause irreversible damage to the bone. This was further confirmed from a series of simulations that were undertaken. The temperatures achieved were suitable for the elimination of microorganisms during root canal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analise Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malta , Msida , Malta
| | - Edmond Koyess
- Department of Endodontics , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Josette Camilleri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Surgery , University of Malta , Msida , Malta
| | - Christopher Micallef
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malta , Msida , Malta
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Khalil I, Naaman A, Camilleri J. Properties of Tricalcium Silicate Sealers. J Endod 2016; 42:1529-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Viapiana R, Moinzadeh AT, Camilleri L, Wesselink PR, Tanomaru Filho M, Camilleri J. Porosity and sealing ability of root fillings with gutta-percha and BioRoot RCS or AH Plus sealers. Evaluation by three ex vivo methods. Int Endod J 2015. [PMID: 26199130 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the ability of BioRoot RCS, a tricalcium silicate-based root canal sealer and AH Plus to effectively fill the root canals of contralateral teeth using three evaluation methods, and to investigate also the correlation between the methods. METHODOLOGY The prepared root canals of ten pairs of contralateral mandibular premolar teeth were filled with gutta-percha and sealer using lateral compaction. The percentage of voids within the root canal was assessed by micro-computed tomography, whilst sealing ability was investigated by fluid transport and leakage of fluorescent microspheres. The interaction of sealer with dentine, and sealer penetration were assessed by confocal microscopy. The void volume, fluid flow, microsphere leakage and sealer interaction with dentine for both materials were compared. Nonparametric (Mann-Whitney) tests were used to compare the % void and fluid transport of the two sealers. Spearman correlation was used to assess the pairwise relationships between the techniques. The level of significance was set to 0.05. RESULTS BioRoot RCS exhibited significantly more percentage of voids than AH Plus. There was no difference in fluid flow and microsphere penetration. BioRoot RCS exhibited a different pattern of sealer penetration and interaction with the dentine walls compared to AH Plus. For both materials, the pairwise correlations between the three techniques were close to zero, indicating weak relationships. CONCLUSIONS MicroCT analysis revealed a higher void volume for BioRoot RCS. The other techniques did not show a difference between the sealing ability of the sealers. The correlation between the three ex vivo methods of assessment was weak demonstrating their complementarity rather than their concordance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Viapiana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - A T Moinzadeh
- Department of Endodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Camilleri
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - P R Wesselink
- Department of Endodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Tanomaru Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - J Camilleri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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Camilleri J. Sealers and Warm Gutta-percha Obturation Techniques. J Endod 2015; 41:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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