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Zupin L, Gianoncelli A, Celsi F, Bonanni V, Kourousias G, Parisse P, Salomé M, Crovella S, Barbi E, Ricci G, Pascolo L. The effect of near-infrared Photobiomodulation therapy on the ion content of 50B11 sensory neurons measured through XRF analysis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 259:113019. [PMID: 39217730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a form of treatment commonly used for routine clinical applications, such as wound healing of the skin and reduction of inflammation. Additionally, PBMT has been explored for its potential in pain relief. In this work, we investigated the effect of PBMT on ion content within the 50B11 sensory neurons cell line in vitro using X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis. Two irradiation protocols were selected utilizing near-infrared laser lights at 800 and 970 nm, with cell fixation immediately following irradiation. Results showed a decrease in Calcium content after irradiation with both protocols, and with lidocaine, used as an analgesic control. Furthermore, a reduction in Potassium content was observed, particularly evident when normalized to cellular volume. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular impact of PBMT within 50B11 sensory neurons under normal conditions. Such understanding may contribute to the wider adoption of PBMT as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Fulvio Celsi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | | | | | - Pietro Parisse
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy; CNR-IOM, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Murielle Salomé
- ESRF, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Cedex 9, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Animal Research (LARC), Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Egidio Barbi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorella Pascolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
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Yin Y, Zhang X. The causal relationship between sleep characteristics and multi-site pain perception: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1428951. [PMID: 39193526 PMCID: PMC11347297 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1428951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This Mendelian Randomization (MR) study aims to explore the potential causal relationships between four sleep traits and pain in 10 different body sites. Materials and methods The study utilizes exposure and outcome data from the GWAS database, employing the Inverse Variance Weighting Method (IVW) for primary causal estimates. Cochran Q and Rücker Q heterogeneity tests are conducted using IVW and MR-Egger methods, with the Egger-intercept method for pleiotropy testing, leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, and calculation of F-statistics to assess the presence of weak instrument bias. Results The study reveals that genetically predicted insomnia significantly increases the risk of unspecified pain, chest pain, gum pain, upper abdominal pain, and lower abdominal pain occurrence. Daytime napping is associated with a moderate reduction in the likelihood of joint pain but may concomitantly elevate the risk of chest pain, upper abdominal pain, and generalized abdominal pain. Neither sleep chronotype nor sleep duration demonstrated a definitive causal relationship with pain perception. Conclusion This study elucidates the causal relationships between four sleep characteristics and pain across 10 different body regions. Overall, the contribution of insomnia and sleep deficiency to pain in multiple body regions is more pronounced. Conversely, the association between adequate sleep and the likelihood of somatic pain is relatively lower and less significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulai Yin
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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Vassão PG, Credidio BM, Balão AB, Santos TIR, Carvalho C, Ribeiro DA, Parisi JR, Franco FS, Laakso EL, Avila MA, Renno ACM. Effects of photobiomodulation and an aerobic exercise on the level of pain and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:189. [PMID: 39039318 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBM) in conjunction with an aerobic exercise program (AEP) on the level of pain and quality of life of women with fibromyalgia (FM). METHODS A double-blinded randomized controlled trial in which 51 participants with FM were allocated into 4 groups: control group (CG) (n = 12); active PBM group (APG) (n = 12); AEP and placebo PBM group (EPPG) (n = 13); AEP and active PBM group (EAPG) (n = 14). AEP was performed on an ergometric bicycle; and a PBM (with an increase dosage regime) [20 J, 32 J and 40 J] was applied using a cluster device. Both interventions were performed twice a week for 12 weeks. A mixed generalized model analysis was performed, evaluating the time (initial and final) and group (EAPG, EPPG, APG and CG) interaction. All analyses were based on intent-to-treat for a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The intra-group analysis demonstrated that all treated groups presented a significant improvement in the level of pain and quality of life comparing the initial and final evaluation (p < 0.05). Values for SF-36 and 6-minute walk test increased significant in intragroup analysis for EPPG comparing the initial and final evaluation. No intergroup differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS Both exercised and PBM irradiated volunteers present improvements in the variables analyzed. However, further studies should be performed, with other PBM parameters to determine the best regime of irradiation to optimize the positive effects of physical exercises in FM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gabrielli Vassão
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Campus Baixada Santista, R. Silva Jardim, 136, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Credidio
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Campus Baixada Santista, R. Silva Jardim, 136, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Balão
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Campus Baixada Santista, R. Silva Jardim, 136, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Thatiane Izabele Ribeiro Santos
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Campus Baixada Santista, R. Silva Jardim, 136, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Carvalho
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Campus Baixada Santista, R. Silva Jardim, 136, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Campus Baixada Santista, R. Silva Jardim, 136, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Julia R Parisi
- Departmento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Fabio S Franco
- Sociedade Brasileira de Psicanalise de São Paulo, Instituto de Psicanálise "Durval Marcondes", São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E-Liisa Laakso
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mariana A Avila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Muniz Renno
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Campus Baixada Santista, R. Silva Jardim, 136, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil.
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Hou TW, Yang CC, Lai TH, Wu YH, Yang CP. Light Therapy in Chronic Migraine. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:621-626. [PMID: 38865075 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review assesses the effectiveness and safety of light therapy, particularly green light therapy, as an emerging non-pharmacological treatment for chronic migraine (CM). It aims to highlight alternative or complementary approaches to traditional pharmacological remedies, focusing the need for diverse treatment options. RECENT FINDINGS Despite sensitivity to light being a defining feature of migraine, light therapy has shown promising signs in providing substantial symptom relief. Studies have provided insights into green light therapy's role in managing CM. These studies consistently demonstrate its efficacy in reducing the frequency, severity, and symptoms of migraines. Additional benefits observed include improvements in sleep quality and reductions in anxiety. Importantly, green light therapy has been associated with minimal side effects, indicating its potential as a suitable option for migraine sufferers. In addition to green light, other forms of light therapy, such as infrared polarized light, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and intravascular irradiation of blood (ILIB), are also being explored with potential therapeutic effects. Light therapies, especially green light therapy, are recognized as promising, safe, and non-pharmacological interventions for treating CM. They have been shown to be effective in decreasing headache frequency and enhancing the overall quality of life. However, current studies, often limited by small sample sizes, prompt more extensive clinical trials to better understand the full impact of light therapies. The exploration of other light-based treatments, such as LLLT and ILIB, warrants further research to broaden the scope of effective migraine management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Wei Hou
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Lai
- Department of Neurology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hui Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Pai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Buzza A, Tapas K, Anders J, Jenkins M, Moffitt M. Photobiomodulation for pain relief: Model-based estimates of effective doses of light at the neural target. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 256:112929. [PMID: 38759478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been studied since the 1960s as a clinical tool. More recently, PBM has been observed to reduce compound action potential components and hypersensitivities associated with neuropathic pains. However, no definitive description of efficacious light parameters has been determined. Some reasons may be that previous meta-analyses and reviews have focused on emitter output rather than the light at the target tissue and have included data sets that are large but with notable variability (e.g., combining data from various disease etiologies, and data from PBM at various wavelengths). This fact has made it difficult to successfully define the range of effective parameters. METHODS In this study, photon propagation software was used to estimate irradiance at a target nerve using several published data sets chosen for their narrow criteria to minimize variability. Utilizing these estimates, effective and ineffective light irradiances at the nerve of interest for wavelengths of 633 nm or 808-830 nm were examined and estimated. These estimates are focused on the amount of light required to achieve a reduction in pain or a surrogate measure via a hypothesized nerve block mechanism. RESULTS Accounting for irradiance at the target nerve yielded a clear separation of PBM doses that achieved small-fiber nerve block from those that did not. For both the 633 nm group and the 808-830 group, the irradiance separation threshold followed a nonlinear path with respect to PBM application duration, where shorter durations required higher irradiances, and longer durations required lower irradiances. Using the same modeling methods, irradiance was estimated as a function of depth from a transcutaneous source (distance from skin surface) for emitter output power using small or large emitter sizes. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results of this study can be used to estimate effective PBM dosing schemes to achieve small-fiber inhibition for various anatomical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Buzza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Kalista Tapas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Juanita Anders
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Moffitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Amorim ACFG, Belchior TCF, da Silva Rodarte TN, Rebouças Junior FA, Rodrigues MFSD, Marcos RL, Lino-dos-Santos-Franco A, Cecatto RB. Photobiomodulation therapy for chronic knee pain in obese patients in pre-rehabilitation for bariatric surgery: randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079864. [PMID: 38951012 PMCID: PMC11328612 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity has become a worldwide public health problem and is directly linked to loss of quality of life, complications and comorbidities. One of them is chronic pain, especially in the knees, which increases significantly and proportionally with weight gain. In patients with severe obesity, with indication for bariatric surgery, the presence of chronic pain disables and often prevents their participation in a pre-surgical rehabilitation programme. As an analgesic therapy, photobiomodulation (PBM) has been studied with safety, efficacy, well-tolerated used and low costs. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the use of PBM for the treatment of chronic knee pain in obese patients undergoing a pre-surgical rehabilitation programme for bariatric surgery. METHODS AND ANALYSES This is a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical, superiority, trial protocol. The PBM will be applied in bilateral knees and lumbar paraspinal points levels referring to the roots of innervation of the knee. The outcomes evaluated will be pain intensity, functionality, quality of life and clinical signs of neurological sensitization of chronic knee pain pathways. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol has already been approved by the Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás/EBSERH-Ethics Committee and it is following SPIRIT guidelines. The results will be statistically analysed and subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinical Trials Platform (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) with the number NCT05816798.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Labat Marcos
- Biophotonics-Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidade Nove de Julho, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rebeca Boltes Cecatto
- Biophotonics-Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidade Nove de Julho, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine / Rehabilitation Rede Lucy Montoro / Unidade Morumbi, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Cao B, Xu Q, Shi Y, Zhao R, Li H, Zheng J, Liu F, Wan Y, Wei B. Pathology of pain and its implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:155. [PMID: 38851750 PMCID: PMC11162504 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is estimated to affect more than 20% of the global population, imposing incalculable health and economic burdens. Effective pain management is crucial for individuals suffering from pain. However, the current methods for pain assessment and treatment fall short of clinical needs. Benefiting from advances in neuroscience and biotechnology, the neuronal circuits and molecular mechanisms critically involved in pain modulation have been elucidated. These research achievements have incited progress in identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In this review, we first introduce fundamental knowledge about pain, setting the stage for the subsequent contents. The review next delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying pain disorders, including gene mutation, epigenetic modification, posttranslational modification, inflammasome, signaling pathways and microbiota. To better present a comprehensive view of pain research, two prominent issues, sexual dimorphism and pain comorbidities, are discussed in detail based on current findings. The status quo of pain evaluation and manipulation is summarized. A series of improved and innovative pain management strategies, such as gene therapy, monoclonal antibody, brain-computer interface and microbial intervention, are making strides towards clinical application. We highlight existing limitations and future directions for enhancing the quality of preclinical and clinical research. Efforts to decipher the complexities of pain pathology will be instrumental in translating scientific discoveries into clinical practice, thereby improving pain management from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qixuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yajiao Shi
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Morgan RM, Wheeler TD, Poolman MA, Haugen ENJ, LeMire SD, Fitzgerald JS. Effects of Photobiomodulation on Pain and Return to Play of Injured Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:e310-e319. [PMID: 38781474 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Morgan, RM, Wheeler, TD, Poolman, MA, Haugen, ENJ, LeMire, SD, and Fitzgerald, JS. Effects of photobiomodulation on pain and return to play of injured athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): e310-e319, 2024-The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on musculoskeletal pain in injured athletes and to determine if the effects of PBM allowed injured athletes to return to play faster. Electronic databases (MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) were systematically searched (up to and including November 7, 2023) for peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting criteria. Six RCTs, representing 205 competitive and recreational athletes with a mean age of 24 years, were included in the analysis. There were 6 intervention groups using standard physical therapy (n = 1), placebo PBM (n = 4), and aloe gel (n = 1) lasting between 10 minutes and 8 weeks in duration. The level of significance set for the study was p < 0.05. Overall, the use of PBM indicated a positive effect on pain reduction for PBM vs. control groups, standardized mean differences = 1.03, SE = 0.22, 95% confidence intervals = [0.43-1.63], p = 0.0089, but the 2 RCTs found evaluating the effect of PBM on time to return to play after injury in athletes do not support a benefit. Allied healthcare professionals may use PBM to reduce pain, thus allowing an athlete to return to their normal biomechanical movement faster; however, limited evidence suggests that PBM does not reduce time to return to play after an injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Morgan
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Tyler D Wheeler
- Department of Athletic Training, Training HAUS, Eagan, Minnesota
| | - Mark A Poolman
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Erin N J Haugen
- Department of Clinical and Sport Psychology, Assessment and Therapy Associates of Grand Forks, PLLC, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Steven D LeMire
- Department of Educational Foundations and Research, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota; and
| | - John S Fitzgerald
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
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Ishibashi N, Nanjo T, Tao S. Photobiomodulation improves acute restraint stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:143. [PMID: 38806837 PMCID: PMC11133191 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the potential application of photobiomodulation to irritable bowel syndrome. We established the following experimental groups: the Non-Stress + Sham group, which consisted of rats that were not restrained and were only subjected to sham irradiation; the Stress + Sham group, which underwent 1 hour of restraint stress followed by sham irradiation; and the Stress + Laser group, which was subjected to restraint stress and percutaneous laser irradiation bilaterally on the L6 dorsal root ganglia for 5 minutes each. The experiment was conducted twice, with three and two laser conditions examined. Following laser irradiation, a barostat catheter was inserted into the rat's colon. After a 30-minute acclimatization period, the catheter was inflated to a pressure of 60 mmHg, and the number of abdominal muscle contractions was measured over a 5-minute period. The results showed that photobiomodulation significantly suppressed the number of abdominal muscle contractions at average powers of 460, 70, and 18 mW. However, no significant suppression was observed at average powers of 1 W and 3.5 mW. This study suggests that photobiomodulation can alleviate visceral hyperalgesia induced by restraint stress, indicating its potential applicability to irritable bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ishibashi
- Bio-medical Engineering Group, Drug Discovery Laboratory, Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., 4-3-2, Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan.
| | - Takuya Nanjo
- Bio-medical Engineering Group, Drug Discovery Laboratory, Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., 4-3-2, Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tao
- Bio-medical Engineering Group, Drug Discovery Laboratory, Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., 4-3-2, Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan
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10
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Uta D, Ishibashi N, Tao S, Sawahata M, Kume T. Photobiomodulation inhibits neuronal firing in the superficial but not deep layer of a rat spinal dorsal horn. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 710:149873. [PMID: 38583230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has attracted attention as a treatment for chronic pain. Previous studies have reported that PBM of the sciatic nerve inhibits neuronal firing in the superficial layers (lamina I-II) of the spinal dorsal horn of rats, which is evoked by mechanical stimulation that corresponds to noxious stimuli. However, the effects of PBM on the deep layers (lamina III-IV) of the spinal dorsal horn, which receive inputs from innocuous stimuli, remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effect of PBM of the sciatic nerve on firing in the deep layers of the spinal dorsal horn evoked by mechanical stimulation. Before and after PBM, mechanical stimulation was administered to the cutaneous receptive field using 0.6-26.0 g von Frey filaments (vFFs), and vFF-evoked firing in the deep layers of the spinal dorsal horn was recorded. The vFF-evoked firing frequencies were not altered after the PBM for any of the vFFs. The inhibition rate for 26.0 g vFF-evoked firing was approximately 13 % in the deep layers and 70 % in the superficial layers. This suggests that PBM selectively inhibits the transmission of pain information without affecting the sense of touch. PBM has the potential to alleviate pain while preserving the sense of touch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uta
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Naoya Ishibashi
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan; Biomedical Engineering Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tao
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan
| | - Masahito Sawahata
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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Fu Q, Yang J, Jiang H, Lin S, Qin H, Zhao J, Wang Y, Liu M. Effect of photobiomodulation on alleviating primary dysmenorrhea caused by PGF 2α. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300448. [PMID: 38348528 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has attracted widespread attention in suppressing various pain and inflammation. Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) primarily occurs in adolescents and adult females, and the limited effectiveness and side effects of conventional treatments have highlighted the urgent need to develop and identify new adjunct therapeutic strategies. In this work, the results of pain and PGs demonstrated that 850 nm, 630 nm, and 460 nm all exhibited pain inhibition, decreased PGF2α and upregulated PGE2, while 630 nm PBM has better effectiveness. Then to explore the underlying biological mechanisms of red light PBM on PD, we irradiated prostaglandin-F2α induced HUSM cells and found that low-level irradiance can restore intracellular calcium ion, ROS, ATP, and MMP levels to normal levels. And, red light enhanced cell viability and promoted cell proliferation for normal HUSM cells. Therefore, this study proposes that red light PBM may be a promising approach for the future clinical treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Fu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangfei Lin
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haokuan Qin
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muqing Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China
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12
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Xu J, Zhang H, Chen D, Xu K, Li Z, Wu H, Geng X, Wei X, Wu J, Cui W, Wei S. Looking for a Beam of Light to Heal Chronic Pain. J Pain Res 2024; 17:1091-1105. [PMID: 38510563 PMCID: PMC10953534 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s455549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain (CP) is a leading cause of disability and a potential factor that affects biological processes, family relationships, and self-esteem of patients. However, the need for treatment of CP is presently unmet. Current methods of pain management involve the use of drugs, but there are different degrees of concerning side effects. At present, the potential mechanisms underlying CP are not completely clear. As research progresses and novel therapeutic approaches are developed, the shortcomings of current pain treatment methods may be overcome. In this review, we discuss the retinal photoreceptors and brain regions associated with photoanalgesia, as well as the targets involved in photoanalgesia, shedding light on its potential underlying mechanisms. Our aim is to provide a foundation to understand the mechanisms underlying CP and develop light as a novel analgesic treatment has its biological regulation principle for CP. This approach may provide an opportunity to drive the field towards future translational, clinical studies and support pain drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classic Theory of Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classic Theory of Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Chen
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiyong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classic Theory of Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zifa Li
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classic Theory of Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiwen Geng
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classic Theory of Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Wei
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classic Theory of Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Cui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classic Theory of Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Ding L, Gu Z, Chen H, Wang P, Song Y, Zhang X, Li M, Chen J, Han H, Cheng J, Tong Z. Phototherapy for age-related brain diseases: Challenges, successes and future. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102183. [PMID: 38218465 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Brain diseases present a significant obstacle to both global health and economic progress, owing to their elusive pathogenesis and the limited effectiveness of pharmaceutical interventions. Phototherapy has emerged as a promising non-invasive therapeutic modality for addressing age-related brain disorders, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), among others. This review examines the recent progressions in phototherapeutic interventions. Firstly, the article elucidates the various wavelengths of visible light that possess the capability to penetrate the skin and skull, as well as the pathways of light stimulation, encompassing the eyes, skin, veins, and skull. Secondly, it deliberates on the molecular mechanisms of visible light on photosensitive proteins, within the context of brain disorders and other molecular pathways of light modulation. Lastly, the practical application of phototherapy in diverse clinical neurological disorders is indicated. Additionally, this review presents novel approaches that combine phototherapy and pharmacological interventions. Moreover, it outlines the limitations of phototherapeutics and proposes innovative strategies to improve the treatment of cerebral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Ziqi Gu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Haishu Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Yilan Song
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Xincheng Zhang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Jinhan Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Hongbin Han
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Equipment and Technique, NMPA key Laboratory for Evaluation of Medical Imaging Equipment and Technique, Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Department of neurology, the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
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14
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Behroozi Z, Rahimi B, Motamednezhad A, Ghadaksaz A, Hormozi-Moghaddam Z, Moshiri A, Jafarpour M, Hajimirzaei P, Ataie A, Janzadeh A. Combined effect of Cerium oxide nanoparticles loaded scaffold and photobiomodulation therapy on pain and neuronal regeneration following spinal cord injury: an experimental study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:225-243. [PMID: 38300466 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) remained one of the challenges to treat due to its complicated mechanisms. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) accelerates neuronal regeneration. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) also eliminate free radicals in the environment. The present study aims to introduce a combined treatment method of making PCL scaffolds as microenvironments, seeded with CeONPs and the PBMT technique for SCI treatment. METHODS The surgical hemi-section was used to induce SCI. Immediately after the SCI induction, the scaffold (Sc) was loaded with CeONPs implanted. PBMT began 30 min after SCI induction and lasted for up to 4 weeks. Fifty-six male rats were randomly divided into seven groups. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (an astrocyte marker), Connexin 43 (Con43) (a member of the gap junction), and gap junctions (GJ) (a marker for the transfer of ions and small molecules) expressions were evaluated. The behavioral evaluation was performed by BBB, Acetone, Von Frey, and radiant heat tests. RESULT The SC + Nano + PBMT group exhibited the most remarkable recovery outcomes. Thermal hyperalgesia responses were mitigated, with the combined approach displaying the most effective relief. Mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia responses were also attenuated by treatments, demonstrating potential pain management benefits. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the potential of PBMT, combined with CeONPs-loaded scaffolds, in promoting functional motor recovery and alleviating pain-related responses following SCI. The study underscores the intricate interplay between various interventions and their cumulative effects, informing future research directions for enhancing neural repair and pain management strategies in SCI contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Behroozi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616913555, Iran
| | - Behnaz Rahimi
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Ali Motamednezhad
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, 3149968111, Alborz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghadaksaz
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7622, Hungary
| | - Zeinab Hormozi-Moghaddam
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Allied Medicine Faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | | | - Maral Jafarpour
- International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Pooya Hajimirzaei
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Allied Medicine Faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Ali Ataie
- Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Atousa Janzadeh
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
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15
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Biskupiak Z, Ha VV, Rohaj A, Bulaj G. Digital Therapeutics for Improving Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Drugs and Biological Products: Preclinical and Clinical Studies Supporting Development of Drug + Digital Combination Therapies for Chronic Diseases. J Clin Med 2024; 13:403. [PMID: 38256537 PMCID: PMC10816409 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Limitations of pharmaceutical drugs and biologics for chronic diseases (e.g., medication non-adherence, adverse effects, toxicity, or inadequate efficacy) can be mitigated by mobile medical apps, known as digital therapeutics (DTx). Authorization of adjunct DTx by the US Food and Drug Administration and draft guidelines on "prescription drug use-related software" illustrate opportunities to create drug + digital combination therapies, ultimately leading towards drug-device combination products (DTx has a status of medical devices). Digital interventions (mobile, web-based, virtual reality, and video game applications) demonstrate clinically meaningful benefits for people living with Alzheimer's disease, dementia, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, chronic pain, epilepsy, depression, and anxiety. In the respective animal disease models, preclinical studies on environmental enrichment and other non-pharmacological modalities (physical activity, social interactions, learning, and music) as surrogates for DTx "active ingredients" also show improved outcomes. In this narrative review, we discuss how drug + digital combination therapies can impact translational research, drug discovery and development, generic drug repurposing, and gene therapies. Market-driven incentives to create drug-device combination products are illustrated by Humira® (adalimumab) facing a "patent-cliff" competition with cheaper and more effective biosimilars seamlessly integrated with DTx. In conclusion, pharma and biotech companies, patients, and healthcare professionals will benefit from accelerating integration of digital interventions with pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zack Biskupiak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Victor Vinh Ha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Aarushi Rohaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- The Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | - Grzegorz Bulaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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16
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Girasol CE, Moraes JMAF, Bachmann L, Alfredo DMN, Barbosa RI, de Oliveira Guirro EC, de Jesus Guirro RR. In vivo attenuation profile of 660 nm and 830 nm wavelengths on human elbow skin and calcaneus tendon of different phototypes. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:24. [PMID: 38194210 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Physical factors and tissue characteristics determine the transmission of light through tissues. One of the significant clinical limitations of photobiomodulation is the quantification of fluence delivered at application sites and optical penetration depth in vivo. There is also the difficulty of determining the distances of the application points to cover a uniformly irradiated area. Thus, the aim was to evaluate in vivo the influence of melanin on light transmission of the 660 nm and 830 nm laser wavelengths on skin and tendon. Thirty young individuals of both sexes were recruited, divided into two groups based on melanin index, and submitted to photobiomodulation protocols in the posterior region of the elbow (skin-skin) and the calcaneus tendon (skin-tendon-skin). The irradiation area was evaluated using a homemade linear array of five sensors. We found significant transmission power values for different melanin indexes and wavelengths (p<0.0001). Also, different equipment can generate significant differences in the transmitted power at an 830-nm wavelength. Average scattering values are 14 mm and 21 mm for 660 nm, in higher and lower melanin index, respectively. For 830 nm, values of 20 mm and 26 mm are indicated. Laser light transmission in vivo tissues is related to wavelength, beam diameter, tissue thickness, and composition, as well as melanin index. The 830-nm laser presents higher light transmission on the skin than 660 nm. The distances between the application points can be different, with higher values for 830 nm than 660 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Girasol
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Bachmann
- Postgraduate Program in Physics Applied to Medicine and Biology, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Damião Miranda Ngonga Alfredo
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences and Sports, Methodist University of Angola (UMA), Luanda, Angola
| | - Rafael Inácio Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Elaine Caldeira de Oliveira Guirro
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Roberto de Jesus Guirro
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Qaiser H, Uzair M, Arshad M, Zafar A, Bashir S. Evaluating the Potential of Green Light Exposure on Nociception-A Mini Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:675-679. [PMID: 37221686 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230522105931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of animals to react to unpleasant stimuli that might endanger their integrity is known as nociception. Pharmacological treatments do not show satisfactory results in response to nociception. In the recent era, light therapy emerged as a potential non-pharmacological approach for treating various diseases, including seasonal affective disorders, migraine, pain, and others. Evaluating the potential of green light exposure on nociception involves studying its effects on different types of pain and pain-related conditions and determining the optimal exposure methods. This review provides the beneficial effects of green light on the reduction in the frequency of pain. The green light exposure on nociception changes the activity of pain-related genes and proteins in cells. This review could provide insights into the underlying mechanisms by which green light modulates pain. Overall, evaluating the potential of green light exposure on nociception requires a multidisciplinary approach and should consider the safety, efficacy, optimal dose, and duration of green light exposure and the type of pain. However, few studies have been reported so far; therefore, light therapy for treating migraines require more studies on animal models to provide precise results of light effects on nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Qaiser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anessa Zafar
- CMH Kharian Medical College, Kharian Cantonment, Kharian Cantt Kharian, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Xie YH, Liao MX, Lam FMH, Gu YM, Hewith A Fernando WC, Liao LR, Pang MYC. The effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy in individuals with neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy 2023; 121:23-36. [PMID: 37812850 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this meta-analysis was to determine whether high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) was effective in improving pain intensity, cervical range of motion (ROM), functional activity, and quality of life (QOL) in individuals with neck pain. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PEDro, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to March 26, 2022. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving HILT for neck pain were selected. DATA EXTRACTION AND DATA SYNTHESIS Two raters were independent in data extraction. The methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale, and the level of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. RevMan5.4 was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS Eight RCTs were included and their PEDro scores were moderate to high. Compared with placebo, HILT was effective in improving pain intensity (SMD 2.12, 95%CI 1.24 to 3.00; moderate quality evidence), cervical flexion (SMD 1.31, 95%CI 0.27 to 2.35; moderate quality evidence), extension (SMD 1.43, 95%CI 0.24 to 2.63; moderate quality evidence), right lateral flexion (SMD 1.36, 95%CI 0.15 to 2.56; low-quality evidence). There was a trend of better outcome in functional activity after HILT (SMD 1.73, 95%CI -0.05 to 3.54; low quality evidence). LIMITATIONS There was limited information available on QOL. CONCLUSION HILT may be considered as an adjunctive treatment modality for neck pain. There was moderate quality evidence that HILT may improve pain intensity and cervical ROM in individuals with neck pain, but there was low quality evidence that HILT was not effective in improving functional activity. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42021254078 CONTRIBUTION OF THE PAPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Xie
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, 523000 Dongguan, China; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, 341000 Ganzhou, China
| | - Man-Xia Liao
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, 523000 Dongguan, China
| | - Freddy M H Lam
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue-Ming Gu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, 341000 Ganzhou, China
| | - W C Hewith A Fernando
- School of International Education, Nanjing Medical University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Rong Liao
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, 523000 Dongguan, China.
| | - Marco Y C Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
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Paiewonsky B, Winter M, Hordinsky M, Griffith M, Farah RS. Photobiomodulation and alopecia: a crowdsourced survey study on patient preferences. J COSMET LASER THER 2023; 25:92-94. [PMID: 38011870 DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2023.2284641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation is a treatment option for hair loss and is currently FDA cleared for androgenetic alopecia. There are a variety of photobiomodulation devices intended for at-home patient use. However, data examining user preferences is lacking. A social media-based, online survey study was completed to understand patient preferences when selecting a photobiomodulation device. Secondary outcomes examined patient experience with the device. Sixty participants responded to the 21-question survey. The majority of participants had never used a photobiomodulation device (n = 50; 86.2%). Most respondents (n = 40; 67.8%) felt the efficacy of the device was the most important aspect to consider when selecting a photobiomodulation device. Additionally, a majority of participants thought 15 (n = 22; 37.3%) or 20 minutes (n = 17; 28.8%) would be a reasonable treatment duration and would prefer a hand-free device (n = 51; 86.4%). Of the eight participants who had used a photobiomodulation device, only one was dissatisfied with the device and discontinued treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Paiewonsky
- University of Minnesota Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Medical, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Margo Winter
- University of Minnesota Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Maria Hordinsky
- University of Minnesota Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - MacKenzie Griffith
- University of Minnesota Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ronda S Farah
- University of Minnesota Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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20
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da Silva AP, da Silva Oliveira VR, Dale CS. Effect of photobiomodulation on neuropathic pain of diabetic origin: a narrative review of the literature. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:244. [PMID: 37889310 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
To update the literature on the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in relieving pain in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) compared to the effects of post-intervention, control/placebo groups, and other therapies. Search on the following databases: PORTAL PERIODICOS CAPES, PUBMED, GOOGLE ACADEMIC/SCHOLAR, SCOPUS, SCIELO, CENTRAL, and MEDLINE. Manual search: 1) manually capture the references of relevant articles originally selected to be included in the eligible studies. Two independent researchers performed the screening and selection of studies, methods assessment, and data extraction with unblinded authors and impressions. Subsequently, the full text of the originally selected studies was screened. The screening form registered the criteria for excluding literature from the full-text screening. The screening resulted in a total of 1692 citations. Out of these, 1402 citations were examined for titles and abstracts, followed by the removal of duplicated studies; therefore, 68 articles remained for full-text evaluation. 54 articles were excluded after full-text screening. Fourteen articles met the selection criteria, hence being selected and included in this narrative review. PBM showed to be a promising modality in relieving painful symptoms in DPN, especially when implemented in combination with other therapies, by improving the quality of life of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Pain, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 2415, lab. 104B, ICB III, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Victória Regina da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Pain, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 2415, lab. 104B, ICB III, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Squarzoni Dale
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Pain, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 2415, lab. 104B, ICB III, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
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21
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Santos FP, Carvalhos CA, Figueiredo-Dias M. New Insights into Photobiomodulation of the Vaginal Microbiome-A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13507. [PMID: 37686314 PMCID: PMC10487748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new technologies such as sequencing has greatly enhanced our understanding of the human microbiome. The interactions between the human microbiome and the development of several diseases have been the subject of recent research. In-depth knowledge about the vaginal microbiome (VMB) has shown that dysbiosis is closely related to the development of gynecologic and obstetric disorders. To date, the progress in treating or modulating the VMB has lagged far behind research efforts. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses low levels of light, usually red or near-infrared, to treat a diversity of conditions. Several studies have demonstrated that PBM can control the microbiome and improve the activity of the immune system. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the microbiome, mostly to the gut microbiome and its connections with many diseases, such as metabolic disorders, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, autoimmunity, and neurological disorders. The applicability of PBM therapeutics to treat gut dysbiosis has been studied, with promising results. The possible cellular and molecular effects of PBM on the vaginal microbiome constitute a theoretical and promising field that is starting to take its first steps. In this review, we will discuss the potential mechanisms and effects of photobiomodulation in the VMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P. Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, Gynecology University Clinic, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.A.C.); (M.F.-D.)
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Gynecology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlota A. Carvalhos
- Faculty of Medicine, Gynecology University Clinic, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.A.C.); (M.F.-D.)
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Gynecology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Figueiredo-Dias
- Faculty of Medicine, Gynecology University Clinic, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.A.C.); (M.F.-D.)
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Gynecology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal
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22
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Uta D, Ishibashi N, Kawase Y, Tao S, Sawahata M, Kume T. Relationship between Laser Intensity at the Peripheral Nerve and Inhibitory Effect of Percutaneous Photobiomodulation on Neuronal Firing in a Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5126. [PMID: 37568529 PMCID: PMC10419909 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation is an effective treatment for pain. We previously reported that the direct laser irradiation of the exposed sciatic nerve inhibited firing in the rat spinal dorsal horn evoked by mechanical stimulation, corresponding to the noxious stimulus. However, percutaneous laser irradiation is used in clinical practice, and it is unclear whether it can inhibit the firing of the dorsal horn. In this study, we investigated whether the percutaneous laser irradiation of the sciatic nerve inhibits firing. Electrodes were inserted into the lamina II of the dorsal horn, and mechanical stimulation was applied using von Frey filaments (vFFs) with both pre and post laser irradiation. Our findings show that percutaneous laser irradiation inhibited 26.0 g vFF-evoked firing, which corresponded to the noxious stimulus, but did not inhibit 0.6 g and 8.0 g vFF-evoked firing. The post- (15 min after) and pre-irradiation firing ratios were almost the same as those for direct and percutaneous irradiation. A photodiode sensor implanted in the sciatic nerve showed that the power density reaching the sciatic nerve percutaneously was attenuated to approximately 10% of that on the skin. The relationship between the laser intensity reaching the nerve and its effect could be potentially useful for a more appropriate setting of laser conditions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uta
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (M.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Naoya Ishibashi
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo 191-8512, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Yuki Kawase
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo 191-8512, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Shinichi Tao
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., Tokyo 191-8512, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Masahito Sawahata
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (M.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (M.S.); (T.K.)
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23
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Martin LF, Cheng K, Washington SM, Denton M, Goel V, Khandekar M, Largent-Milnes TM, Patwardhan A, Ibrahim MM. Green Light Exposure Elicits Anti-inflammation, Endogenous Opioid Release and Dampens Synaptic Potentiation to Relieve Post-surgical Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:509-529. [PMID: 36283655 PMCID: PMC9991952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Light therapy improves multiple conditions such as seasonal affective disorders, circadian rhythm dysregulations, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about its potential benefits in pain management. While current pharmacologic methods are effective in many cases, the associated side effects can limit their use. Non-pharmacological methods would minimize drug dependence, facilitating a reduction of the opioid burden. Green light therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing chronic pain in humans and rodents. However, its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined. In this study, we demonstrate that green light exposure reduced postsurgical hypersensitivity in rats. Moreover, this therapy potentiated the antinociceptive effects of morphine and ibuprofen on mechanical allodynia in male rats. Importantly, in female rats, GLED potentiated the antinociceptive effects of morphine but did not affect that of ibuprofen. We showed that green light increases endogenous opioid levels while lessening synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammation. Importantly, this study reveals new insights into how light exposure can affect neuroinflammation and plasticity in both genders. Clinical translation of these results could provide patients with improved pain control and decrease opioid consumption. Given the noninvasive nature of green light, this innovative therapy would be readily implementable in hospitals. PERSPECTIVE: This study provides a potential additional therapy to decrease postsurgical pain. Given the safety, availability, and the efficacy of green light therapy, there is a significant potential for advancing the green light therapy to clinical trials and eventual translation to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent F Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kevin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephanie M Washington
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Millie Denton
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Vasudha Goel
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Maithili Khandekar
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tally M Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Amol Patwardhan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mohab M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
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24
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Short-Term Effects of Whole-Body Photobiomodulation on Pain, Quality of Life and Psychological Factors in a Population Suffering from Fibromyalgia: A Triple-Blinded Randomised Clinical Trial. Pain Ther 2023; 12:225-239. [PMID: 36369323 PMCID: PMC9845459 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-022-00450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia (FM) is a multifunctional chronic musculoskeletal pain condition characterised by sensory hypersensitivity. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has shown a positive impact on relieving pain; however, no studies to our knowledge have analysed a whole-body PBM intervention in subjects with FM. The aims of the study were to compare the effects of whole-body PBM with placebo PBM on pain, functionality and psychological symptoms in patients suffering from FM. METHODS Forty-two subjects were recruited from a private care practice. The design of the study is a randomised, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants received 12 treatment sessions. Pain, quality of life, level of physical activity and psychological factors were assessed at baseline (T0), after session 6 (T1), after treatment (T2) and at 2-week (T3) follow-up. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in pain at 4 weeks (p ≤ 0.001) (T2) and the 2-week follow-up (T3) (p ≤ 0.001). In relation to the quality of life, there were statistically significant improvements after session 6 (p ≤ 0.001) (T1), immediately after treatment (p ≤ 0.001) (T2) and at the 2-week (T3) follow-up (p ≤ 0.001). Kinesiophobia presented significant differences between groups immediately after treatment (p ≤ 0.001) (T2) and at the 2-week (T3) follow-up (p ≤ 0.001), with self-efficacy only showing significant differences between groups 2 weeks after the treatment (p = 0.01) (T2). There were no differences between groups when comparing pain catastrophising at any time. CONCLUSION Whole-body PBM resulted in a significant reduction in pain and an improvement in quality of life in those participants suffering from FM after receiving 4 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, psychological factors such as kinesiophobia and self-efficacy were also improved. Thus, a whole-body PBM treatment is presented as a possible new multifactorial treatment with potential benefits for those with FM and more studies are needed to corroborate our findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT0424897).
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25
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Choudhury A, Reyes N, Galor A, Mehra D, Felix E, Moulton EA. Clinical Neuroimaging of Photophobia in Individuals With Chronic Ocular Surface Pain. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 246:20-30. [PMID: 36223850 PMCID: PMC10964268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine neural mechanisms underlying photophobia in individuals with chronic ocular surface pain by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). DESIGN Cross-sectional case/control analysis. METHODS A total of 16 individuals from the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic underwent comprehensive ocular surface evaluations and were surveyed for ocular surface symptoms. Case patients included patients who reported chronic ocular surface pain symptoms and light sensitivity at least most of the time over 1 week. Controls included persons without chronic ocular surface pain who reported no or minimal light sensitivity. All patients viewed light stimuli during 2 fMRI scans, one before and one after topical anesthetic instillation, and rated their level of pain intensity to the stimulus at the end of each scan. Areas of brain activation in response to light stimuli presentation were correlated with pain responses and examined post- vs pre-anesthesia. RESULTS Case patients (n = 8) reported higher pain intensity ratings than controls (n = 8) in response to light stimuli during fMRI. Case patient ratings correlated more with light-evoked activation in pain-related areas within the trigeminal brainstem, primary somatosensory cortex (S1), anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC), and insula than in controls. Topical anesthesia led to varying responses in pain ratings among case patients as well as decreased light-evoked activation in S1 and aMCC. CONCLUSIONS The trigeminal nociceptive system may contribute to photophobia in individuals with chronic ocular surface pain. We demonstrate modulation of cortical structures in this pathway with topically applied anesthetic to the eyes. Further understanding of modulatory interactions that govern ocular surface pain and photophobia is critical for developing effective, precision-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjalee Choudhury
- Surgical Services (A.C., N.R., A.G., D.M.), Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (A.C., N.R., A.G., D.M.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas Reyes
- Surgical Services (A.C., N.R., A.G., D.M.), Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (A.C., N.R., A.G., D.M.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Surgical Services (A.C., N.R., A.G., D.M.), Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (A.C., N.R., A.G., D.M.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Divy Mehra
- Surgical Services (A.C., N.R., A.G., D.M.), Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (A.C., N.R., A.G., D.M.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth Felix
- Research Service (E.F.), Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.F.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eric A Moulton
- Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab (E.A.M.), Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesia (E.A.M.), Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Ophthalmology (E.A.M.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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26
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Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation of the Peripheral Nerve Inhibits the Neuronal Firing in a Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn Evoked by Mechanical Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032352. [PMID: 36768673 PMCID: PMC9917292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation has analgesic effects via inhibition of nerve activity, but few reports have examined the effects on the spinal dorsal horn, the entry point for nociceptive information in the central nervous system. In this study, we evaluated the effects of laser irradiation of peripheral nerve axons, which are conduction pathways for nociceptive stimuli, on the neuronal firing in lamina II of the spinal dorsal horn of a rat evoked by mechanical stimulation with von Frey filaments (vFF). In order to record neuronal firing, electrodes were inserted into lamina II of the exposed rat spinal dorsal horn. The exposed sciatic nerve axons were irradiated with an 808 nm laser. The 26.0 g vFF-evoked firing frequency was inhibited from 5 min after laser irradiation and persisted for 3 h. Sham irradiation did not alter the firing frequency. Laser irradiation selectively inhibited 15.0 and 26.0 g vFF-evoked firing, which corresponded to nociceptive stimuli. Histopathological evaluation revealed no damage to the sciatic nerve due to laser irradiation. These results indicate that neuronal firing is inhibited in lamina II of the spinal dorsal horn, suggesting that laser irradiation inhibits Aδ and/or C fibers that conduct nociceptive stimuli.
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27
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Tang YL, Liu AL, Lv SS, Zhou ZR, Cao H, Weng SJ, Zhang YQ. Green light analgesia in mice is mediated by visual activation of enkephalinergic neurons in the ventrolateral geniculate nucleus. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabq6474. [PMID: 36475906 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq6474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Green light exposure has been shown to reduce pain in animal models. Here, we report a vision-associated enkephalinergic neural circuit responsible for green light-mediated analgesia. Full-field green light exposure at an intensity of 10 lux produced analgesic effects in healthy mice and in a model of arthrosis. Ablation of cone photoreceptors completely inhibited the analgesic effect, whereas rod ablation only partially reduced pain relief. The analgesic effect was not modulated by the ablation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which are atypical photoreceptors that control various nonvisual effects of light. Inhibition of the retino-ventrolateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) pathway completely abolished the analgesic effects. Activation of this pathway reduced nociceptive behavioral responses; such activation was blocked by the inhibition of proenkephalin (Penk)-positive neurons in the vLGN (vLGNPenk). Moreover, green light analgesia was prevented by knockdown of Penk in the vLGN or by ablation of vLGNPenk neurons. In addition, activation of the projections from vLGNPenk neurons to the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) was sufficient to suppress nociceptive behaviors, whereas its inhibition abolished the green light analgesia. Our findings indicate that cone-dominated retinal inputs mediated green light analgesia through the vLGNPenk-DRN pathway and suggest that this signaling pathway could be exploited for reducing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Su-Su Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zi-Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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Santiago R, Gomes S, Ozsarfati J, Zitney M. Photobiomodulation for modulation of neuropathic pain and improvement of scar tissue. Scars Burn Heal 2022; 8:20595131221134052. [PMID: 36310679 PMCID: PMC9615438 DOI: 10.1177/20595131221134052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case-report explores the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the healing of scar tissue. The patient was a 32-year old female two years post cholecystectomy resulting in a 15 cm linear scar that was causing severe pain. METHODS Treatment was initiated using the BIOFLEX® therapist device which consists of LED arrays and laser probes of a specific wavelength, power and frequency applied directly on the skin overlying the scar. The frequency and duration of treatment was every other day for six weeks in a clinic setting, followed by three times a week for two months at home. Then the patient continued to use the BIOFLEX® therapist home device on an as-needed basis. FINDINGS The final result of this patient's treatment was significant flattening and decreased redness of her scar. Her self-reported pain decreased to a 6/10. At the one year follow up, the patient reported that she stopped taking her opioids, antidepressant and sleeping pills and that her pain decreased to a 4/10. At the last review her pain score was 1/10; and she had returned to work and took Tylenol (acetaminophen) occasionally for breakthrough pain. CONCLUSIONS We attribute the patient's improvement in scar appearance and pain symptoms to PBMT. Since pain is often associated with depressed mood and sleep disturbances, it cannot be determined whether PBMT was the direct or indirect cause of this patient's improved mood. For future studies, we propose the use of control subjects with similar scars treated with sham treatment compared to those who will receive the PBMT and observed for the same duration of time and compare the overall results. LAY SUMMARY Dermatological applications, especially wound healing; are accepted indications for photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). The expansion into other clinical applications, particularly neurological ones show potential benefit. We present a case of a patient with a hypertrophic scar associated with severe neuropathic pain and concurrent depression, all of which improved directly or indirectly with PBMT. Although the original focus of treatment was dermatological the improvement in pain plus the discontinuation of therapy (opioids, antidepressants and benzodiazepines) were considered to be due to the PBMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Santiago
- Ronaldo Santiago, Meditech Rehabilitation Centre, 411 Horner Avenue, Unit 1, Toronto ON, M8W 4W3, Canada.
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29
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Cheng K, Martin LF, Calligaro H, Patwardhan A, Ibrahim MM. Case Report: Green Light Exposure Relieves Chronic Headache Pain in a Colorblind Patient. Clin Med Insights Case Rep 2022; 15:11795476221125164. [PMID: 36159182 PMCID: PMC9493681 DOI: 10.1177/11795476221125164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic headaches sometimes prefer non-pharmacological methods for
pain management. We have shown previously that green light exposure (GLED, Green
Light Emitting Diode) reversed thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in
a rat model of neuropathic pain. This effect is mediated through the visual
system. Moreover, we recently showed that GLED was effective in decreasing the
severity of headache pain and the number of headache-days per month in migraine
patients. The visual system is comprised of image-forming and non-image-forming
pathways; however, the contribution of different photosensitive cells to the
effect of GLED is not yet known. Here, we report a 66-year-old man with
headaches attributed to other disorders of homeostasis and color blindness who
was recruited in the GLED study. The subject, diagnosed with protanomaly, cannot
differentiate green, yellow, orange, and red colors. After completing the GLED
exposure protocol, the subject noted significant decreases in headache pain
intensity without reduction in the number of headache-days per month. The
subject also reported improvement in the quality of his sleep. These findings
suggest that green light therapy mediates the decrease of the headache pain
intensity through non-image-forming intrinsically photosensitive retinal
ganglion cells. However, the subject did not report a change in the frequency of
his headaches, suggesting the involvement of cones in reduction of headache
frequency by GLED. This is the first case reported of a colorblind man with
chronic headache using GLED to manage his headache pain and may increase our
understanding of the contribution of different photosensitive cells in mediating
the pain-relieving effects of GLED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Laurent F Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hugo Calligaro
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amol Patwardhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mohab M Ibrahim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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30
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Turkheimer FE, Liu J, Fagerholm ED, Dazzan P, Loggia ML, Bettelheim E. The art of pain: A quantitative color analysis of the self-portraits of Frida Kahlo. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1000656. [PMID: 36118965 PMCID: PMC9478482 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Frida Kahlo (1907–1954) was a Mexican artist who is remembered for her self-portraits, pain and passion, and bold, vibrant colors. This work aims to use her life story and her artistic production in a longitudinal study to examine with quantitative tools the effects of physical and emotional pain (rage) on artistic expression. Kahlo suffered from polio as a child, was involved in a bus accident as a teenager where she suffered multiple fractures of her spine and had 30 operations throughout her lifetime. She also had a tempestuous relationship with her painter husband, Diego Rivera. Her physical and personal troubles however became the texture of her vivid visual vocabulary—usually expressed through the depiction of Mexican and indigenous culture or the female experience and form. We applied color analysis to a series of Frida's self-portraits and revealed a very strong association of physical pain and emotional rage with low wavelength colors (red and yellow), indicating that the expression of her ailments was, consciously or not, achieved by increasing the perceived luminance of the canvas. Further quantitative analysis that used the fractal dimension identified “The broken column” as the portrait with higher compositional complexity, which matches previous critical acclaim of this portrait as the climax of her art. These results confirm the ability of color analysis to extract emotional and cognitive features from artistic work. We suggest that these tools could be used as markers to support artistic and creative interventions in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico E. Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Federico E. Turkheimer
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik D. Fagerholm
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco L. Loggia
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric Bettelheim
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lipko NB. Photobiomodulation: Evolution and Adaptation. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:213-233. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B. Lipko
- Nancy B. Lipko, MD, MBA, Home Office, Beachwood, Ohio, USA
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Wang M, Yin Y, Yang H, Pei Z, Molassiotis A. Evaluating the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2022; 58:102124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2022.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Healthy Dwelling: Design of Biophilic Interior Environments Fostering Self-Care Practices for People Living with Migraines, Chronic Pain, and Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042248. [PMID: 35206441 PMCID: PMC8871637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of biophilic interior design have been recognized by healthcare facilities, but residential environments receive relatively less attention with respect to improving the health of people living with chronic diseases. Recent “stay-at-home” restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic further emphasized the importance of creating interior spaces that directly and indirectly support physical and mental health. In this viewpoint article, we discuss opportunities for combining biophilic interventions with interior design, fostering disease-specific self-care. We provide examples of designing residential spaces integrating biophilic interventions, light therapy, relaxation opportunities, mindfulness meditation, listening to music, physical activities, aromatherapy, and quality sleep. These modalities can provide the clinical benefits of reducing migraine headaches and chronic pain, as well as improving depressive symptoms. The disease-specific interior environment can be incorporated into residential homes, workplaces, assisted-living residences, hospitals and hospital at home programs. This work aims to promote a cross-disciplinary dialogue towards combining biophilic design and advances in lifestyle medicine to create therapeutic interior environments and to improve healthcare outcomes.
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Sergiy Gulyar: Vital Progress and Contribution to the Development of Underwater Physiology and Medicine Sciences. POLISH HYPERBARIC RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/phr-2021-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Here we present a unique life path of Sergiy Gulyar, a world-known Ukrainian scientist who was overcoming extreme conditions studying them on himself. He has developed his determination and responsibility from his basic experiences as a surgeon and his desire to win from his involvement in sports. His research in underwater laboratories has shown a capacity to find untrodden pathways to understand and explain what others did not even suspect. His physiological studies on the role of sea depths, breathing mixtures, underwater exposures, and diving schemes marked the path to the aquanauts and undersea man. Reaching the hyper depths equivalent to 2,500 m revealed the physiological limits of human being and defined how to handle hyperbaric respiratory failure. Prof. S. Gulyar suggested a usage of natural physiological mechanisms to accelerate the re-adaptation process as a part of the high-mountain rehabilitation of hyperbaria-adapted people. Dissertations were defended, books and articles were written, a scientific school of followers was created. Unfortunately, during the Soviet period, Prof. S. Gulyar faced a set of organizational problems and obstacles from the Soviet regime. In particular, his works were classified or hushed up, his intellectual property was often used without mentioning the author and his scientific team was intimidated by criminal investigations. Main recognition during this period had come from professional societies in Europe and the United States. After the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Prof. S. Gulyar introduced a number of innovations and inventions in electromagnetic medicine and physiology. In particular, he has managed to account for main common features of physiological effects of light stimulation produced by Lasers, Light-Emitted Diodes and Bioptron light sources. By doing so, some mystical dogmas were filtered out and new paths to sensible light-induced treatments were developed. At the same time, Prof. S. Gulyar has preserved the legacy of many generations of medical professionals who used light in their treatments. He has shown in his physiological experiments that stimulation of biologically active zones including acupuncture points light stimulation has a wide spectrum of biological effects including alleviation of pain symptoms. Now mono- and polychromatic visual and transcutaneous light therapy of pain has been recognized scientifically and clinically, and its place in medicine has been firmly established. Prof. S. Gulyar described a new functional system of the organism that regulates the electromagnetic equilibrium. A step into the future was the first experimentally grounded technology for the use of fullerene-modified light. Positive changes have been proven with its percutaneous and ocular use. These first results open the door to complete analysis and future investigations. Prof. S. Gulyar has published 20 monographs, 470 papers and abstracts, and received 11 patents. Many of his inventions have been implemented, the others are still awaiting implementation. This article is based on the data obtained by the authors during many years of their personal cooperation, as well as from the memoirs of Prof. S. Gulyar and the materials he provided.
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Martin LF, Moutal A, Cheng K, Washington SM, Calligaro H, Goel V, Kranz T, Largent-Milnes TM, Khanna R, Patwardhan A, Ibrahim MM. Green Light Antinociceptive and Reversal of Thermal and Mechanical Hypersensitivity Effects Rely on Endogenous Opioid System Stimulation. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 22:1646-1656. [PMID: 34157406 PMCID: PMC8664962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Benefits of phototherapy were characterized in multiple diseases including depression, circadian rhythm disruptions, and neurodegeneration. Studies on migraine and fibromyalgia patients revealed that green light-emitting diodes (GLED) exposure provides a pragmatic and safe therapy to manage chronic pain. In rodents, GLED reversed hypersensitivity related to neuropathic pain. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of GLED efficacy. Here, we sought to understand how green light modulates the endogenous opioid system. We first characterized how exposure to GLED stimulates release of β-endorphin and proenkephalin in the central nervous system of male rats. Moreover, by individually editing each of the receptors, we found that µ- and δ-opioid receptors are required for green light's antinociceptive effect in naïve rats and a model of HIV-induced peripheral neuropathy. We investigated how GLED could increase pain thresholds, and explored its potential in reversing hypersensitivity in a model of HIV-related neuropathy. Through behavioral and gene editing approaches, we identified that green light provides antinociception via modulation of the endogenous opioid system in the spinal cord. This work identifies a previously unknown mechanism by which GLED can improve pain management. Clinical translation of these results will advance the development of an innovative therapy devoid of adverse effects. PERSPECTIVE: Development of new pain management therapies, especially for HIV patients, is crucial as long-term opioid prescription is not recommended due to adverse side effects. Green light addresses this necessity. Characterizing the underlying mechanisms of this potentially groundbreaking and safe antinociceptive therapy will advance its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent F Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kevin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephanie M Washington
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Hugo Calligaro
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California
| | - Vasudha Goel
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Tracy Kranz
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tally M Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona; Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Amol Patwardhan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mohab M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
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Effects of Green Color Exposure on Stress, Anxiety, and Pain during Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation in Dental Patients Requiring Sedation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115939. [PMID: 34205936 PMCID: PMC8199048 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous cannulation is an invasive procedure that causes stress, anxiety, and pain for many patients. A recent animal study found that exposure to green light induced antinociceptive and anxiolytic effects. This study examined whether green color exposure reduced stress, anxiety, and pain during peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIC) for sedation in dental patients. In this controlled clinical trial, 24 patients (mean age 40.9 years) were randomized to wear clear glasses or green-colored glasses for 15 min before PIC on two separate days in a cross-over manner. The primary outcome measures were salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity and stress-related hemodynamic changes, and the secondary outcome measures were the visual analog scale anxiety (VAS-A) and pain (VAS-P) scores during PIC. The sAA level in the clear group significantly increased during PIC compared with baseline, but did not increase in the green group. Median VAS-P scores during PIC were lower in the green group than in the clear group (VAS-P, 17.0 vs. 50.0). Green color exposure with glasses significantly reduced stress and pain during PIC without any adverse effects. This simple, safe, and effective method may be useful during painful medical procedures.
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