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Jacquet L, Paucsik M, Guy JB, Eve K, Ben-Taarit I, Lantheaume S. Self-compassion and psychological well-being of radiographers at work. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2287621. [PMID: 38055785 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2287621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess how self-compassion affects the psychological well-being of radiographers at work. METHODS An online survey was sent to radiology and radiotherapy departments in Rhône-Alpes, a region of France (from October 2021 to February 2022). The study is mixed: quantitative data, with closed questions and two validated scales, and qualitative data, with open questions aimed at assessing perceptions among radiologists as regards self-compassion. RESULTS A total of 253 radiographers (mean age 32.9 years), took part in this survey. Radiographers reported a poor level of well-being and a moderate level of self-compassion. We found a link between well-being at work and self-compassion. Gender, age, number of years of experience and the desire to receive training on well-being appear to have an impact on the level of self-compassion. The perception of self-compassion by radiologists is essentially positive. CONCLUSION Particular attention should be paid to radiologists who are female, young, and with only a few years of experience. Self-compassion is a protective factor for radiologists and may help them take care of themselves to continue caring for others. Training related to self-compassion should be promoted in medical imaging departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Jacquet
- Institut Supérieur Technologique Montplaisir, Valence (Drôme), France
| | - Marine Paucsik
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blance, Grenoble (Isère), France
| | | | - Karine Eve
- Institut Supérieur Technologique Montplaisir, Valence (Drôme), France
| | - Isabelle Ben-Taarit
- Ramsay Santé Hôpital Privé Drôme Ardèche, Guilherand-Granges (Ardèche), France
| | - Sophie Lantheaume
- Institut Supérieur Technologique Montplaisir, Valence (Drôme), France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blance, Grenoble (Isère), France
- Ramsay Santé Hôpital Privé Drôme Ardèche, Guilherand-Granges (Ardèche), France
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Gray C, Jones F, Agostinis A, Morris J. Experience of compassion-based practice in mindfulness for health for individuals with persistent pain. Br J Pain 2024; 18:337-353. [PMID: 39092208 PMCID: PMC11289905 DOI: 10.1177/20494637241232555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the Study Research indicates that acquiring compassion is an integral part to positive outcomes to Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI), yet there is both theoretic and empirical literature suggesting that people with persistent pain are more likely to experience challenges and distress when engaging compassion-based practices. Mindfulness for Health is a standardised MBI for people with persistent pain and health conditions. This study sought to explore the positive, neutral and difficult experiences of compassion-based practice and meditation for participants in Mindfulness for Health to further understand implications and risks for participants of MBI's. Method and Design A qualitative design using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was applied to explore how participants understood of the experience of compassion-based practice and the meaning they gave to it. Eight participants who had completed the Mindfulness for Health from four separate groups were interviewed about their experience. Results Five master themes were identified 'turning away from self-with-pain', 'self-with-pain experienced as shameful', 'facilitating change', 'turning towards self-with-pain', and 'accepting self'. Participants identified both perceived positive changes and difficult emotional experiences during the meditation practice, which they related to the context of compassion in their past and present life. Conclusions Developing compassion is an important part of Mindfulness for Health, which is salient for participants as both a challenging and potentially valuable experience. Acquisition of mindfulness skills, supporting group dynamics and modelling compassion are understood as helpful in overcoming personal barriers and challenging experiences. Further research is needed to understand processes involved and explore the experience of non-completers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Gray
- Pain Service, Health and Social Services, St Helier, Jersey
- Canterbury Christ Church University, Tunbridge Wells, UK
| | - Fergal Jones
- Canterbury Christ Church University, Tunbridge Wells, UK
| | | | - Julia Morris
- Pain Service, Health and Social Services, St Helier, Jersey
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Babos CI, Zucchi G, Filimberti AE, Leucuta DC, Dumitrascu DL. Meditation and Compassion Therapy in Psychiatric Disorders: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e65678. [PMID: 39077673 PMCID: PMC11286201 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our study aimed to compare meditation and compassion-based group therapy with the standard of care in patients with eating disorders, drug addiction, alcohol addiction, and depression, concerning acceptance, mindfulness awareness, self-compassion, and psychological distress. Methods A controlled designed study was performed, comparing meditation and compassion-focused group therapy added to the standard of care with the standard of care alone, on patients with eating disorders, drug addiction, alcohol addiction, and mood disorders. Four validated questionnaires were administered: the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), which assesses the ability to be fully in touch with the present moment; the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), which assesses the ability to experience consciously what is happening in the present moment; the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), which assesses self-compassion characteristics, including loving-kindness; and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), which measures psychological distress (anxiety, depression, psychotic behavior, etc.). Results There was a total of 75 subjects, out of which 48 represented the experimental group, and 27 represented the control group. The overall mean age of the subjects was 44.8 ± 13.2 years. There were statistically significant increases in the experimental group (baseline vs. end of study) for the AAQ-II, MAAS, and SCS scores, and a statistically significant decrease in the SCL-90 score. In the control group, there was a statistically significant decrease in the SCL-90 score, but no significant differences for other measurements. The comparisons between the two groups at the end of the study were as follows: AAQ-II: 0.7 (-5.74 to 7.15), p = 0.827; MAAS: 4.78 (-3.19 to 12.75), p = 0.233; SCS: 5.89 (-3.18 to 14.96), p = 0.199; SCL-90: -0.26 (-0.62 to 0.1), p = 0.157. Conclusion Within the experimental group, all scales improved statistically significantly. There were no statistically significant differences at the end of the study concerning the four scales between the groups. The comparison between groups was limited by data availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian I Babos
- Second Medical Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, ROU
| | - Giovanni Zucchi
- Alcoholic Rehabilitation, Ospedale Maria Luigia, Monticelli Terme, ITA
| | | | - Daniel C Leucuta
- Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, ROU
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- Second Medical Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, ROU
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Rezapour-Mirsaleh Y, Abolhasani F, Amini R, Rezai MJ, Choobforoushzadeh A, Shameli L. Effects of Religious Versus Non-religious Self-compassion Interventions on Anxiety and Quality of Life of Iranian Infertile Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02045-0. [PMID: 38625638 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the common psychological problems among infertile women, which affects their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of self-compassion intervention based on a religious and non-religious perspective regarding the anxiety and quality of life of infertile women. A randomized clinical trial design with experimental and control groups was used. A total of 78 infertile women who lived in Yazd province, Iran, were referred to Yazd reproductive sciences institute, were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and one control groups. The participants of the first experimental group received eight sessions of self-compassion-focused intervention based on religious instructions. The second experimental group received eight sessions of non-religious self-compassion intervention, while the control group was put on the waiting list. Data were collected using Quality of Life in Infertile Couples Questionnaire (QOLICQ) and Beck anxiety inventory (BDI) in the pretest, posttest and 2-month follow-up phases and then analyzed using repeated measures as well as one-way analysis of variance. The results showed as compared to control group at the posttest and follow-up phases, the quality of life (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.001) of infertile women increased and decreased, respectively, across both experimental groups. Comparison of experimental groups showed that although the difference between the two groups in the subscales of social relationships and sexual satisfaction was not significant, the gain scores of quality of life and anxiety were significantly greater in the first experimental group. These findings indicate that given the religious background of infertile women, religious self-compassion intervention can be relatively more effective in improving the quality of life and anxiety of infertile women than non-religious intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Rezapour-Mirsaleh
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Ayatallah Khatami Blv., P.O. Box184, Ardakan, Iran.
| | | | - Raziyeh Amini
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Ayatallah Khatami Blv., P.O. Box184, Ardakan, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Choobforoushzadeh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
| | - Leila Shameli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Kazerun, Iran
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Skinner CM, Kuijer RG. Self-compassion and health-related quality of life in individuals with endometriosis. Psychol Health 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38475983 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2325506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE International research highlights the detrimental impact of endometriosis on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), yet few studies have examined positive resources such as self-compassion and resilience as correlates. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between self-compassion and HRQoL in individuals with endometriosis in Aotearoa New Zealand. Resilience and perceived symptom severity were examined as potential mediators. METHODS AND MEASURES Six hundred and three individuals with endometriosis completed an online questionnaire measuring demographic and endometriosis-related information, endometriosis symptoms (number and severity), HRQoL, self-compassion and resilience. RESULTS In line with international research, the current sample reported significant impairment in all aspects of HRQoL. As expected, those with higher levels of self-compassion reported less impairment in HRQoL, and this relationship was partially mediated by perceived symptom severity (all aspects of HRQoL). Resilience mediated the relationship between self-compassion and two aspects of HRQoL (emotional wellbeing and control/powerlessness). CONCLUSION These findings confirm that HRQoL is significantly impaired in individuals with endometriosis in Aotearoa New Zealand and point to the potential role of self-compassion and resilience as protective factors in encouraging positive coping styles to manage symptoms and maintain high HRQoL. Interventions targeting self-compassion may be a promising tool to improve wellbeing in individuals with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Skinner
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roeline G Kuijer
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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De Giorgio A, Angilletta S, Matteo B, Bonavolontà V, Bragazzi NL, Kuvačić G. Hatha yoga is more effective in improving kinesiophobia and subjective well-being when combined with self-compassion meditation in people with CLBP: a randomized control trial. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1272919. [PMID: 38054176 PMCID: PMC10694472 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1272919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aims to examine whether combining hatha yoga practice with self-compassion meditation could influence kinesiophobia, emotions, perceived stress, and perceived disability among individuals with chronic low back pain when compared with hatha yoga alone. Methods The randomized controlled study included 70 participants with chronic low back pain (CLBP) who were randomly assigned to a Hatha yoga group (HY; n = 35) or a Hatha yoga group plus self-compassion meditation (HYSCM; n = 35). Participants followed a protocol for 8 weeks, and the assessments were carried out before and after the intervention, with a follow-up evaluation conducted after one month. The participants completed the PANAS, PSS, TSK, and RMQ questionnaires. A Generalized Estimating Equation was used to explore the effect of interventions. Results Both HY and HYSCM groups improved kinesiophobia, perceived disability, and stress at the follow-up. However, the HYSCM group shown a more significant reduction in kinesiophobia compared to the HY group. Moreover, significant improvement in positive affect and a reduction in negative affect over time in the HYSCM group were observed. Conclusion Hatha yoga practice when combined with self-compassion meditation led to extra benefits by exhibiting a prolonged effect, especially on kinesiophobia positive and negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Giorgio
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
- Klinikos Center for Psychodiagnostics and Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Matteo
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Valerio Bonavolontà
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Goran Kuvačić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Roose E, Nijs J, Moseley GL. Striving for better outcomes of treating chronic pain: integrating behavioural change strategies before, during, and after modern pain science education. Braz J Phys Ther 2023; 27:100578. [PMID: 38096753 PMCID: PMC10727936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2023.100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Roose
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physical Therapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Chronic Pain Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Physical Therapy, University Hospital Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; REVAL, Universiteit Hasselt, Agoralaan-gebouw A, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jo Nijs
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physical Therapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Chronic Pain Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Physical Therapy, University Hospital Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physical Therapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Huvudbyggnad Vasaparken, Universitetsplatsen 1, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia; The Pain Education Team to Advance Learning (PETAL) Collaboration, Australia
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George L, Wallace JC, Snider JB, Suh H. Self-Compassion, Performance, and Burnout: Surfacing an Unknown Work Construct. GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/10596011231161123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Research on self-compassion across various disciplines has consistently demonstrated numerous self-regulatory benefits associated with the construct. Despite the increasing interest, theory-driven research on self-compassion in the workplace has only begun to emerge recently. In the present research, we introduce the construct of work self-compassion ( WSC). Building on Neff’s definition of self-compassion, we submit that WSC is comprised of work self-kindness, common work challenges, and work-specific mindfulness. Across two studies, we develop a scale to measure WSC and test its place within the larger nomological network of organizational constructs. Specifically, by integrating COR theory with prior research on self-compassion, in Study 1, we test the incremental validity of WSC beyond general self-compassion in predicting job performance. In Study 2, we further demonstrate that WSC is an important mediating mechanism that bridges the association between honesty-humility, namely the H-factor, and job performance and burnout, respectively. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our findings and conclude with limitations and future research directions.
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Cai RY, Gibbs V, Love A, Robinson A, Fung L, Brown L. "Self-compassion changed my life": The self-compassion experiences of autistic and non-autistic adults and its relationship with mental health and psychological wellbeing. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:1066-1081. [PMID: 35904649 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-compassion is a gentle way of relating to oneself, linked to a host of mental health benefits in non-autistic people. Although many autistic individuals report high anxiety and depression symptoms, no research to-date has examined the self-compassion experiences of autistic individuals and determined if self-compassion is associated with psychopathology. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to address this research gap. The participants (153 autistic and 93 non-autistic adults) completed on online survey and 11 autistic participants were also interviewed. Autistic participants reported significantly lower self-compassion than non-autistic adults, and in both groups, those with higher self-compassion reported higher psychological wellbeing and lower depression symptoms. Demographic predictors of self-compassion were identified. These findings have both clinical and research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Ying Cai
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, 14 Aquatic Drive, 2086, Frenchs Forest, NSW, Australia.
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 3168, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Vicki Gibbs
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, 14 Aquatic Drive, 2086, Frenchs Forest, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 2050, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Abigail Love
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, 14 Aquatic Drive, 2086, Frenchs Forest, NSW, Australia
| | - Ainslie Robinson
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, 14 Aquatic Drive, 2086, Frenchs Forest, NSW, Australia
| | - Lawrence Fung
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lydia Brown
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, 2010, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- North Eastern Rehabilitation Centre, Healthscope Hospitals, 3079, Ivanhoe, VIC, Australia
- Office of the Provost, School of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, 3083, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
This new position statement from the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) describes occupational therapy's role in pain management. AOTA asserts that occupational therapy practitioners are distinctly prepared to work independently and to contribute to interprofessional teams in the treatment of pain. Practitioners strive to ensure active engagement in meaningful occupations for clients at risk for and affected by pain.
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Abstract
The American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) asserts that occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants, collectively referred to as occupational therapy practitioners (AOTA, 2020b), are distinctly prepared to work independently and to contribute to interprofessional teams in the treatment of pain. Occupational therapy practitioners work to ensure active engagement in meaningful occupations for "persons, groups, or populations (i.e., the client)" (AOTA, 2020b, p. 1) at risk for and affected by pain.
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Carvalho SA, Gillanders D, Forte T, Trindade IA, Pinto-Gouveia J, Lapa T, Valentim A, Santos E, Paciência J, Guiomar R, Castilho P. Self-compassion in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain: a pilot study. Scand J Pain 2022; 22:631-638. [PMID: 34954932 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2021-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence shows that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an empirically supported psychological approach for chronic pain (CP) management. Although self-compassion is not explicitly a target of ACT, it seems to be one mechanism of change in ACT for CP. However, research is lacking on the benefits of including explicit self-compassionate exercises in ACT for CP. The current study pilot tested a Compassionate ACT 8-session group program (COMP.ACT; n=9), as well as an ACT-only 8-session group program (ACT; n=7), in a sample of women with CP. METHODS The current study follows a quasi-experimental design, and conducts Reliable and Significant Change analyses comparing pre- to post-intervention scores of self-report measures. RESULTS No differences were found between conditions at baseline, nor between completers and drop-outs. Although preliminary, results showed COMP.ACT led to greater clinical improvements in depression and anxiety, while ACT led to greater improvements in stress and uncompassionate self-responding. Reliable and Significant Change analysis showed that some participants improved significantly (in psychopathological symptoms, valued living and uncompassionate self-responding) in both conditions, while the majority did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS More research is needed to conclude whether explicit self-compassion exercises are useful in ACT for CP. Limitations and implications are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio A Carvalho
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Gillanders
- School of Health in Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Teresa Forte
- Department of Social, Political and Territorial Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês A Trindade
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - José Pinto-Gouveia
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Lapa
- Anaesthesiology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Valentim
- Anaesthesiology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elsa Santos
- Anaesthesiology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juliana Paciência
- Anaesthesiology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Castilho
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Nicola M, Correia H, Ditchburn G, Drummond PD. The Pain-Invalidation Scale: Measuring Patient Perceptions of Invalidation Toward Chronic Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1912-1922. [PMID: 35842088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence reveals the damaging impact of having one's chronic pain symptoms invalidated through disbelief, discrediting, and critical judgement. In other instances, a caregiver's over-attentiveness to the daily tasks of individuals with pain can be problematic, potentially undermining rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to measure different aspects of invalidation perceived by people with chronic pain. Item generation was informed through literature review and a thematic analysis of narratives from 431 peer-reviewed articles. The crowdsourcing platform Prolific was used to distribute survey items to participants. In Study 1A, Principal Component Analysis was performed on data from 302 respondents, giving rise to 4 subscales, including: Invalidation by the Self, Invalidation by Immediate Others, Invalidation by Healthcare Professionals, and Invalidation by Over-attentive Others. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of data collected from aonther 308 individuals in Study 1B supported the 4-factor model of the Pain-Invalidation Scale (Pain-IS) and identified a best-fit model with 24 items. The Pain-IS was further validated in another 300 individuals in Study 2. The Pain-IS demonstrates sound psychometric properties and may serve as a valuable tool for use by clinicians in the detection of pain-invalidation issues, as a first step in patient pain management. Perspective. Links between pain-invalidation and pain levels, as well as functional detriment, highlight the importance of having one's chronic pain experience heard, believed and accepted. The Pain-Invalidation Scale is designed to identify domains where invalidation of the patient's pain should be addressed to promote emotional processing, treatment adherence and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Nicola
- College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia
| | - Helen Correia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia
| | - Graeme Ditchburn
- College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia
| | - Peter D Drummond
- College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia.
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Van Niekerk L, Johnstone L, Matthewson M. Predictors of self-compassion in endometriosis: the role of psychological health and endometriosis symptom burden. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:264-273. [PMID: 35102421 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the relationship between self-compassion, endometriosis-related symptoms and psychological health in women with symptomatic endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER Decreased self-compassion is associated with increased psychological distress, extended diagnostic delay and varies according to individual endometriosis-symptom profile. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Existing research indicates that endometriosis is associated with reduced psychological health and varied endometriosis-related symptom profiles. Examining the level of self-compassion reported by women with endometriosis is important as greater self-compassion has been found to improve psychological well-being in several chronic health populations. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study utilized a cross-sectional survey design to explore the relationship between self-compassion, psychological health and endometriosis-related symptoms (n = 318). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women with a self-reported diagnosis of endometriosis were recruited via online advertising through social media platforms. Demographic and endometriosis-specific information (e.g. disease stage, diagnostic delay, symptom experience) was collected in addition to psychological health and self-compassion. Psychological health was measured by the PROMIS Emotional Distress and Anxiety short forms and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15). Self-compassion was measured by the Self-Compassion Scale (26-item). Independent t-tests, bivariate correlations and linear regression analyses explored the relationship between specific endometriosis-related symptoms, psychological health and self-compassion. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Hierarchical multiple regression indicated that psychological symptoms accounted for the greatest variance in levels of self-compassion in the current sample. Depression and anxiety were found to be significant negative predictors of self-compassion. Notable symptoms that were significant in the final model were the presence of dysmenorrhea, lower back pain, dyspareunia, pain after sexual intercourse, fatigue and nausea. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The cross-sectional nature of the findings prevents direct findings of causality. The information pertaining to endometriosis was self-report in nature and was not medically verified. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These preliminary findings indicate the importance of clinical interventions aimed at enhancing self-compassion and the importance of individual case conceptualization and treatment planning based on endometriosis-related symptomatic profiles. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was not associated with research funding. Author L.V.N. is a member of the Endometriosis Australia Clinical Advisory Committee. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Van Niekerk
- School of Psychological Science, University of Tasmania, College of Health and Medicine, Hobart, Australia
| | - L Johnstone
- School of Psychological Science, University of Tasmania, College of Health and Medicine, Hobart, Australia
| | - M Matthewson
- School of Psychological Science, University of Tasmania, College of Health and Medicine, Hobart, Australia
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Wei L, Yang X, Sun S, Yu Y, Xie J, Zhao J, Wang X, Zhu L, Yao J. Fear-focused Self-compassion Therapy for young breast cancer patients' fear of cancer recurrence: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:941459. [PMID: 36213912 PMCID: PMC9537371 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.941459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, there are a growing number of young women being diagnosed with breast cancer. Fear of Cancer Recurrence (FCR) has become one of the major psychological concerns reported by young breast cancer patients. Yet, there is a lack of psychological intervention tailored for reducing FCR for Chinese young breast cancer patients. In the current study, the Fear-focused Self-compassion Therapy is developed to help Chinese young breast cancer patients to manage FCR. The therapy was developed based on FCR development theories and self-compassion related therapy. The primary objective is to evaluate the short-term and long-term effectiveness of Fear-focused Self-compassion Therapy. The secondary objective is to examine the underlying mechanisms of therapy in reducing FCR in young breast cancer patients. METHODS The Fear-focused Self-compassion Therapy consists of 8-week face to face group sessions. This study will be a randomized controlled trial with 160 Chinese young female breast cancer patients with severe FCR. Participants will be randomized to the therapy group or a usual care control group (1:1). Measurements will be completed at baseline, immediately completing intervention, 3, 6, and 12 months later. Primary outcomes are FCR severity, and secondary outcomes include symptoms of depression and anxiety, satisfaction with therapy, and cost-effectiveness of the therapy. DISCUSSION If successful, this study will provide an effective psychological intervention to treat FCR for young breast cancer patients in China, and illuminate the underlying mechanisms of the Fear-focused Self-compassion Therapy in reducing FCR. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04965428. Registered 23rd July 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04965428?cond=fear+of+cancer+recurrence&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyu Wei
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shasha Sun
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunlei Yu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juntao Yao
- Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, China
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16
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Basque D, Talbot F, French D. Increasing access to pain management: Feasibility of a self-compassion psychoeducational website using a minimally monitored delivery model. Internet Interv 2021; 26:100458. [PMID: 34745907 PMCID: PMC8551074 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-compassion has been associated with several positive pain-related outcomes. However, little is known about the impact of targeting self-compassion on pain management. This study assesses the feasibility of a self-compassion psychoeducation website among adults with chronic pain using a minimally monitored delivery model. Participants (N = 26) were recruited online and a single group pre-test and post-test design with a 3-month follow-up was used. The intervention was a 6-week program comprised of a video, writing exercises, guided meditations and automated emails. Feasibility outcome measures were grouped into the following categories: study engagement (ease of recruitment, attrition, adherence, satisfaction), pain vulnerability variables (intensity, interference, catastrophizing, mood) and protective pain variables (self-compassion, resilience and acceptance). Challenges pertaining to uptake were encountered. Attrition was higher (n = 11/26; 42%) and adherence to the full treatment protocol lower (n = 6/26; 23%) than expected. Treatment satisfaction was high with nearly all study completers (93%) reporting that they would recommend the program to a friend. Intent-to-treat mixed effects models showed a significant and large increase of self-compassion (d = 0.92) and a significant impact on several outcome variables (ds from 0.24 to 1.15) with most gains either maintained or increased at follow-up. The recruitment strategy may have negatively impacted participant engagement. Methodological modifications are proposed to improve the feasibility of the program. Minimally monitored web-based programs targeting self-compassion may benefit adults with chronic pain who may have limited access to traditional psychological services or who prefer online-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Basque
- Université de Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - F. Talbot
- Université de Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada,Corresponding author.
| | - D.J. French
- The Atlantic Pain Clinic, New Brunswick, Canada
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17
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Pinto C, Geraghty AWA, Yardley L, Dennison L. Emotional distress and well-being among people with motor neurone disease (MND) and their family caregivers: a qualitative interview study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044724. [PMID: 34404695 PMCID: PMC8372816 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to get an in-depth understanding of the emotions experienced by people with motor neurone disease (MND) and their caregivers, and to explore what impacts emotional distress and well-being. DESIGN Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with people with MND and caregivers. SETTING Participants were recruited from across the UK and took part in interviews conducted either face to face, by telephone or email to accommodate for varying levels of disability. PARTICIPANTS 25 people with MND and 10 caregivers took part. Participants were purposively sampled based on their MND diagnosis, symptoms and time since diagnosis. DATA ANALYSIS Data were analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Eight broad themes were generated (20 subthemes). Participants described the emotional distress of losing physical function and having a threatened future because of poor prognosis. Keeping up with constant changes in symptoms and feeling unsupported by the healthcare system added to emotional distress. Finding hope and positivity, exerting some control, being kinder to oneself and experiencing support from others were helpful strategies for emotional well-being. CONCLUSION The study provides a broad understanding of what impacts emotional distress and well-being and discusses implications for psychological interventions for people with MND and caregivers. Any communication and support provided for people with MND and their caregivers, needs to pay attention to concepts of hope, control and compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Pinto
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Adam W A Geraghty
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Lucy Yardley
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Dennison
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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18
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Berry MP, Lutz J, Schuman-Olivier Z, Germer C, Pollak S, Edwards RR, Gardiner P, Desbordes G, Napadow V. Brief Self-Compassion Training Alters Neural Responses to Evoked Pain for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 21:2172-2185. [PMID: 32783054 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-compassion meditation, which involves compassion toward the self in moments of suffering, shows promise for improving pain-related functioning, but its underlying mechanisms are unknown. This longitudinal, exploratory pilot study investigated the effects of a brief (eight contact hours, two weeks of home practice) self-compassion training on pain-related brain processing in chronic low back pain (cLBP). METHODS We evaluated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response to evoked pressure pain and its anticipation during a self-compassionate state and compared altered brain responses following training with changes on self-reported measures of self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale [SCS]), interoceptive awareness (Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness [MAIA]), and clinical pain intensity. RESULTS In a sample of participants with cLBP (N = 20 total, N = 14 with complete longitudinal data) who underwent self-compassion training, we observed reduced clinical pain intensity and disability (P < 0.01) and increased trait self-compassion and interoceptive awareness (all P < 0.05) following training. Evoked pressure pain response in the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) was reduced following training, and decreases were associated with reduced clinical pain intensity. Further, increased fMRI responses to pain anticipation were observed in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and ventral posterior cingulate cortex (vPCC), and these increases were associated with mean post-training changes in SCS scores and scores from the body listening subscale of the MAIA. DISCUSSION These findings, though exploratory and lacking comparison with a control condition, suggest that self-compassion training supports regulation of pain through the involvement of self-referential (vPCC), salience-processing (TPJ), and emotion regulatory (dlPFC) brain areas. The results also suggest that self-compassion could be an important target in the psychotherapeutic treatment of cLBP, although further studies using controlled experimental designs are needed to determine the specificity of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Berry
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Jacqueline Lutz
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Zev Schuman-Olivier
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Germer
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Pollak
- Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paula Gardiner
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gaelle Desbordes
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Self-Compassion-Related Interventions for Individuals With Chronic Physical Health Conditions. Behav Ther 2021; 52:607-625. [PMID: 33990237 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Self-compassion, defined as a mindful way of coping with pain and suffering by showing kindness, care, and concern towards the self, may improve psychological adjustment in people living with a chronic physical health condition (CPHC). Various studies illustrate that self-compassion is associated with positive outcomes in general. The aim of this systematic review is to establish the effect of compassion-related therapies on self-compassion specifically in people with CPHCs. Secondary aims are to (a) establish the effect on other psychological and physiological outcomes and (b) explore the relative effectiveness of different therapy types among those identified. Cochrane, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched using "compassion" AND "chronic disease" AND "psychological outcomes" and their synonyms, from 2004 to March 2019. Eligible studies had an experimental design using a self-compassion scale with an adult population. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB tool. Effect sizes were calculated for study outcomes. Fifteen studies, including a total of 1,190 participants, 7 different CPHCs, and 11 types of therapies, were included in the review. Nearly all included therapies significantly increased self-compassion with medium to large effect sizes, and reported positive outcomes, such as decreased depression. None of the therapy types appeared clearly superior to the others. Findings from this review show that included therapies increased self-compassion and improved various outcomes, which may represent clinically significant benefits for patients. However, there is a need to further understand how self-compassion exerts its benefits and determine the best methods to increase self-compassion.
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20
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A Systematic Review of Self-Compassion in Chronic Pain: From Correlation to Efficacy. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 24:e26. [PMID: 33840398 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2021.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain (CP) is a common condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Compassion-related interventions are proving to be advantageous in CP, and self-compassion (SC) is hypothesized to be related with pain regulation physiological processes, as well as with psychological benefits in CP. We aimed to review scientific literature on: 1) Compassion-based psychological interventions and their changes in pain outcomes; and 2) associations between SC and pain-related outcomes. We performed a systematic research in four electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library from inception until April 2020. In Question 1, we included studies involving adult patients with CP who participated in compassion-based psychological interventions. In Question 2, we included studies that examined the associations between SC and pain outcomes in adults with CP. We identified 16 studies. For Question 1, we included seven studies focused on different compassion-based interventions that assessed at least one pain outcome, in a total of 253 participants with CP associated with multiple conditions. For Question 2, we included nine studies, in a total of 1,430 participants, with eight different pain outcomes: Intensity, acceptance, catastrophizing, self-efficacy, disability, distress, pain related coping and anxiety. Considering the high heterogeneity between studies and the poor-quality assessment, we could not draw definitive conclusions on the efficacy of compassion-based interventions nor on the association between SC and pain outcomes. Studies are further discussed in detail. This review can be a starting point for large-scale and high-quality trials in this area as it provides an organized overview of the current literature on this topic.
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21
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The Importance of Self-Compassion in Terms of Self Psychology. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint2020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-compassion has fostered a new way to build connectedness with oneself and affirmed the importance of offering compassion to oneself. However, there have been numerous arguments about the similarity with other self-related concepts, yet they have neglected its importance in self-psychology. For instance, self-compassion could be seen as an important element in Kohut’s concept of self in illustrating the self-object and self-experience theory, thus leading to a healthy self. Additionally, the self-schemas (self-esteem and self-efficacy) have been sufficiently shown to be associating with and predicting positive psychological outcomes and have further demonstrated the positive relations with self-compassion. Self-compassion thus demonstrated that similar features have been shared among the self-schemas. Moreover, with the claim that self-compassion was more precise than self-esteem, self-compassion should be emphasized by self-psychology then to develop a new era of “true self-esteem”.
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22
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Torrijos‐Zarcero M, Mediavilla R, Rodríguez‐Vega B, Del Río‐Diéguez M, López‐Álvarez I, Rocamora‐González C, Palao‐Tarrero Á. Mindful Self‐Compassion program for chronic pain patients: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pain 2021; 25:930-944. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Torrijos‐Zarcero
- Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health Department La Paz University Hospital Madrid Spain
- La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Rodríguez‐Vega
- Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health Department La Paz University Hospital Madrid Spain
- La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid Spain
- Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid Spain
| | | | - Inés López‐Álvarez
- Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health Department La Paz University Hospital Madrid Spain
- La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid Spain
| | - Cristina Rocamora‐González
- Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health Department La Paz University Hospital Madrid Spain
- La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid Spain
| | - Ángela Palao‐Tarrero
- Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health Department La Paz University Hospital Madrid Spain
- La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid Spain
- Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid Spain
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Kelliher-Rabon J, Sirois FM, Barton AL, Hirsch JK. Self-compassion and suicidal behavior: Indirect effects of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness across increasingly vulnerable samples. SELF AND IDENTITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.1884592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alison L. Barton
- Department of Educational Foundations and Special Education, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States
| | - Jameson K. Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States
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24
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Emmerich AC, Friehs T, Crombez G, Glombiewski JA. Self-compassion predicting pain, depression and anger in people suffering from chronic pain: A prospective study. Eur J Pain 2021; 24:1902-1914. [PMID: 33448520 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-compassion is associated with disability, pain-related anxiety as well as depression and anger in patients with chronic pain. However, the unique value of self-compassion versus other concepts such as psychological flexibility and self-esteem is unknown. The present study therefore aimed to clarify these relationships. Individuals with chronic pain (NCP = 872) and without chronic pain (NNP = 356) took part in a longitudinal study. Participants completed self-report instruments: Pain Disability Index (PDI), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale (PASS-20), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Assessments were repeated after 8 weeks. We found differences in baseline levels of all relevant variables except for anger-out and anger-control between people with and without chronic pain. Subsequently, we computed a path model analysis regarding individuals suffering from chronic pain (NCP), addressing the predictive value of reduced uncompassionate self-responding (RUS), compassionate self-responding (CS), avoidance (PIPS), cognitive fusion (PIPS) and self-esteem (RSES) regarding pain-related (PDI, PCS, PASS) and emotional variables (PHQ-9, STAXI). Avoidance predicted disability, catastrophizing, anxiety and depression. RUS predicted catastrophizing and pain-related anxiety. Self-esteem predicted depression. CS and cognitive fusion had no unique predictive value. The model explained 65.4%-72.1% of the variance in pain-related variables, 68.7% of the variance in depression and 38.7%-60.7% in the variance of anger-related variables. In conclusion, psychological flexibility, in terms of avoidance, seems to be more relevant for chronic pain than self-compassion. Future research should focus on subgroups and tailored-treatment approaches. SIGNIFICANCE: Applying a longitudinal design, this study examined the predictive value of self-compassion regarding pain, depression and anger. The relevance of self-compassion was compared to psychological flexibility and self-esteem. We can conclude that psychological flexibility, in terms of avoidance behaviour, is the most relevant predictor concerning pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Carina Emmerich
- Pain and Psychotherapy Research Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Thilo Friehs
- Pain and Psychotherapy Research Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Geert Crombez
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julia Anna Glombiewski
- Pain and Psychotherapy Research Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
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Croft RL, Byrd CT. Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 29:2097-2108. [PMID: 32966107 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion-quality of life relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Croft
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Courtney T Byrd
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
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26
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Lutz J, Berry MP, Napadow V, Germer C, Pollak S, Gardiner P, Edwards RR, Desbordes G, Schuman-Olivier Z. Neural activations during self-related processing in patients with chronic pain and effects of a brief self-compassion training - A pilot study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 304:111155. [PMID: 32799058 PMCID: PMC8100920 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain negatively affects psychological functioning including self-perception. Self-compassion may improve self-related functioning in patients with chronic pain but understanding of the neural mechanisms is limited. In this study, twenty patients with chronic low back pain read negative self-related situations and were instructed to be either self-reassuring or self-critical while undergoing fMRI. Patients rated their feelings of self-reassurance and self-criticism during each condition, and brain responses were contrasted with neutral instructions. Trait self-compassion measures (SCS) were also acquired. Brain activations during self-criticism and self-reassurance were localized to prefrontal, self- and emotion-processing areas, such as medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. Self-reassurance resulted in more widespread and stronger activations relative to self-criticism. Patients then completed a brief self-compassion training (8 contact hours, 2 weeks home practice). Exploratory pre-post comparisons in thirteen patients found that feelings of self-criticism were significantly reduced and brain activations were greater in the anterior insula and prefrontal cortical regions such as dlPFC. Pre-post increases in dlPFC activation correlated with increased self-compassion (SCS), suggesting that early self-compassion skills might primarily target self-criticism via dlPFC upregulation. Future controlled studies on self-compassion training in chronic pain populations should extend these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Lutz
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1035 Cambridge Street, Suite 21A, Cambridge, MA 02141
| | - Michael P Berry
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Christopher Germer
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1035 Cambridge Street, Suite 21A, Cambridge, MA 02141
| | - Susan Pollak
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1035 Cambridge Street, Suite 21A, Cambridge, MA 02141
| | - Paula Gardiner
- Program for Integrative Medicine and Healthcare Disparities, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 771 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 850 Boylston St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02457
| | - Gaelle Desbordes
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Zev Schuman-Olivier
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1035 Cambridge Street, Suite 21A, Cambridge, MA 02141.
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Carvalho SA, Pinto-Gouveia J, Gillanders D, Lapa T, Valentim A, Santos E, Paciência J, Castilho P. Above and beyond emotional suffering: the unique contribution of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding in chronic pain. Scand J Pain 2020; 20:853-857. [PMID: 32841171 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2020-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Studies have shown that self-compassion plays a protective role against depression in women with chronic pain (CP). However, the majority of studies in CP have used the total score of the self-compassion scale (SCS), which have raised concerns due to potential overlap, not only between the uncompassionate self-responding factors and psychopathology, but also between self-compassion as a whole and other well-known psychological processes (e.g., mindfulness, acceptance, psychological flexibility). This calls for a more nuanced understanding of which components of (un)compassionate self-responding adds to better mental health in CP. Methods This study explores the unique contribution of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding to depressive symptoms in women with CP undergoing pain consultation (n = 49). Results Correlation analyses suggest that compassionate self-responding only significantly correlates with progress in valued living, while the uncompassionate self-responding significantly correlates with pain fusion, pain avoidance, obstructions to valued living and depression. Multiple regression analysis showed that self-compassion contributes to depressive symptoms (R2 = 8%) above and beyond pain intensity and disability (R2 = 12%) and psychological (in) flexibility processes (R2 = 31%), and uncompassionate (but not compassionate) self-responding uniquely contributes to depressive symptoms (sr 2 = 18%). Conclusions Findings suggest that uncompassionate self-responding is a stronger contributor to depression in CP than compassionate self-responding. Clinical implications are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio A Carvalho
- CINEICC, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, Apartado 6153, 3001-802, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Pinto-Gouveia
- Cognitive-Behavioural Research Centre (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - David Gillanders
- School of Health in Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Teresa Lapa
- Anaesthesiology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Valentim
- Anaesthesiology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elsa Santos
- Anaesthesiology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juliana Paciência
- Anaesthesiology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Castilho
- Cognitive-Behavioural Research Centre (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Misurya I, Misurya P, Dutta A. The Effect of Self-Compassion on Psychosocial and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Medical Conditions: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e10998. [PMID: 33209554 PMCID: PMC7669250 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies about the role of self-compassion have focused primarily on psychological well-being, but there is solid evidence to suggest that self-compassion may have larger and more prominent implications in the medical world. Therefore, this systemic review aimed to investigate the effects of self-compassion on psychosocial and clinical outcomes in medically ill patients. A comprehensive search of several databases from their inception to August 10, 2020, was conducted, which included Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Eligible studies needed to include psychosocial or clinical outcomes of self-compassion in medically ill patients. Nineteen articles (n=2,713 patients; 73.3% females) met our eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review. There was a negative correlation between self-compassion and psychosocial outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and stress. Moreover, based on self-compassion intervention, there was an improvement in clinical outcomes related to diabetes such as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood glucose levels. This systematic review highlights the effect of self-compassion on psychosocial and clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate long-term outcomes of a self-compassion-based-intervention to highlight its importance in the role of disease management.
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Wollast R, Riemer AR, Gervais SJ, Grigoryan L, Bernard P, Klein O. How cultural orientation and self-compassion shape objectified body consciousness for women from America, Belgium, Russia, and Thailand. SELF AND IDENTITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2020.1787220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Wollast
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Department of Psychology, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Sarah J. Gervais
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Philippe Bernard
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Department of Psychology, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Klein
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Department of Psychology, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Davey A, Chilcot J, Driscoll E, McCracken LM. Psychological flexibility, self-compassion and daily functioning in chronic pain. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Self-Compassion Demonstrating a Dual Relationship with Pain Dependent on High-Frequency Heart Rate Variability. Pain Res Manag 2020; 2020:3126036. [PMID: 32148598 PMCID: PMC7049406 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3126036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One previous study indicated the significance of trait self-compassion in psychological well-being and adjustment in people with chronic pain. Higher-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) was found to be closely associated with self-compassion and pain coping. The current study was therefore designed to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and experimental pain as well as the impact of HF-HRV. Sixty healthy participants provided self-reported self-compassion and underwent a cold pain protocol during which HF-HRV was evaluated. Results demonstrated a dual relationship between self-compassion and pain, dependent on the level of HF-HRV during pain exposure. Specifically, self-compassion was associated with lower pain in the condition of higher HF-HRV, while there was an inverse relationship between self-compassion and pain when HF-HRV was lower. Our data indicate the significance of HF-HRV in moderating the association between self-compassion and experimental pain.
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Gooding H, Stedmon J, Crix D. 'All these things don't take the pain away but they do help you to accept it': making the case for compassion-focused therapy in the management of persistent pain. Br J Pain 2020; 14:31-41. [PMID: 32110396 PMCID: PMC7026828 DOI: 10.1177/2049463719857099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with persistent pain are frequently offered a pain management programme (PMP) as part of their care plan. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) principles often underpin PMPs and has a good evidence base; nevertheless, more recent systematic reviews have suggested that its effectiveness is limited. Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) is a form of 'third-wave CBT' that offers an alternative and complementary view of pain, encouraging the person to be alongside their experience of pain and respond to it using skills of compassion they have learnt. METHOD The current research explored the effectiveness of a 12-week CFT group for people who experience persistent pain. Research interviews explored CFT members' experiences of the CFT group. Feedback was collected on the facilitators' experience of running the group and questionnaire data collected on participants' mood, pain disability, acceptance of chronic pain and levels of self-criticism and self-reassurance. RESULTS Interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis that revealed five master superordinate themes representative across all interviews. These were then triangulated with data from the questionnaires and facilitator feedback. CONCLUSION In people whose persistent pain was compounded by a significant psychological component, a CFT group approach helped reduce feelings of isolation, improve ability to self-reassure, learn new ways of coping and develop a growing acceptance of the limitations associated with their pain. The possible implications for future clinical practice are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gooding
- Children’s Psychological Health and Wellbeing Team, Level 12, Derriford Hospital, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
- Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
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Finlay-Jones A, Boyes M, Perry Y, Sirois F, Lee R, Rees C. Online self-compassion training to improve the wellbeing of youth with chronic medical conditions: protocol for a randomised control trial. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:106. [PMID: 31992269 PMCID: PMC6986046 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic medical conditions (CMCs) affect up to 35% of children and adolescents. Youth with chronic medical conditions are at an increased risk of psychological distress and reduced health-related quality of life, and report rates of mental illness up to double that of their physically healthy peers. Accessible, evidence-based interventions for young people with chronic illness are urgently required to improve their mental health and daily functioning. Self-compassion involves taking a mindful, accepting approach to difficult experiences, being aware that one is not alone in one's suffering, and being kind and understanding with oneself during challenging times. Self-compassion shares strong associations with mental health outcomes among young people and preliminary work indicates that interventions that build self-compassion have the potential to substantially improve youth mental health. Self-compassion is also associated with better physical and mental health outcomes among individuals living with CMCs. While face-to-face self-compassion training is available, there are several barriers to access for youth with CMCs. Online self-compassion training potentially offers an accessible alternative for this high-risk group. METHODS Self-Compassion Online (SCO) is a self-compassion program that has been tested with a non-clinical adult group. For the proposed trial, a reference group of youth (16-25 years) with chronic illness reviewed the program and proposed adaptations to improve its suitability for youth with chronic illness. In alignment with the SPIRIT Checklist, this paper outlines the protocol for a CONSORT-compliant, single-blind randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of the adapted program, relative to a waitlist control, for improving self-compassion, wellbeing, distress, emotion regulation, coping and quality of life among young Australians with CMCs. Mechanisms of action and feasibility of SCO will be analysed using quantitative data and participant interviews, respectively. Finally, cost-utility will be analysed using health-related quality of life data. DISCUSSION The SCO program could provide a scalable solution for improving psychological outcomes and quality of life among youth with chronic illness. The proposed trial will be the first to determine its efficacy for improving these outcomes, relative to waitlist control. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry on the 11th April 2019, ACTRN12619000572167. Protocol version: Version 2, 21 December 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Finlay-Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, PO Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia. .,School of Psychology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia. .,University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Mark Boyes
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
| | - Yael Perry
- Telethon Kids Institute, PO Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia
| | - Fuschia Sirois
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK
| | - Rachael Lee
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
| | - Clare Rees
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
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Sirois FM. The association between self-compassion and self-rated health in 26 samples. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:74. [PMID: 31948435 PMCID: PMC6966852 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although there is growing evidence of the relevance of self-compassion for understanding health outcomes, few studies have examined self-compassion in relation to self-reported physical health status, also known as self-rated health (SRH). This study addressed this gap by examining the associations between self-compassion and SRH across multiple samples and after accounting for the contributions of positive and negative affect. Methods Data from 26 samples (total N = 6127), comprised of 6 university student, 16 community adult, and 4 chronic illness samples, were included in the current analyses. Participants in each sample completed a survey including measures of self-compassion and SRH. Thirteen samples also completed a measure of positive and negative affect. The associations between self-compassion and SRH were statistically meta-analysed. Moderator analyses were conducted to test whether the associations varied as a function of sample type, age or participant sex. Semipartial correlations were calculated controlling for positive and negative affect in 13 samples and meta-analysed. Results Findings indicated that self-compassion was significantly associated with higher SRH across the 26 samples (ravg = .25; CI: .22, .28). The associations did not however vary significantly across sample types, or as a function of participant sex or age. The meta-analyses of the adjusted effects found that self-compassion remained significantly associated with higher SRH after accounting the contributions of positive (sravg = .11; CI: .07, .15) and negative (sravg = .25; CI: .06, .15) affect. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that self-compassion is robustly associated with higher SRH across 26 samples and that this association remained significant after adjusting for the influence of positive and negative affect in 13 samples. Further longitudinal and experimental research is needed to verify the causal direction between self-compassion and SRH suggested by theory and the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuschia M Sirois
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 1HD, UK.
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O'Loughlin CM, Bennett DS, O'Hayer CV. The nomological network of cognitive fusion among people living with HIV: Associations with rumination, shame, and depressive symptoms. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Investigating the Influence and a Potential Mechanism of Self-Compassion on Experimental Pain: Evidence From a Compassionate Self-Talk Protocol and Heart Rate Variability. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 21:790-797. [PMID: 31760110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated a positive relationship between self-compassion and psychological and emotional well-being in chronic pain populations. However, evidence on the role and mechanisms of self-compassion in pain perception is largely limited. The current study was designed to investigate the effects and a potential mechanism of self-compassion on experimental pain. Thirty healthy participants underwent a compassionate self-talk protocol, which was followed by cold pain exposure during which high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) was evaluated. The compassionate self-talk protocol successfully generated compassionate statements among the participants. Our behavioral data showed lower pain ratings in the self-compassion compared to the control condition. Moreover, self-compassion manipulation resulted in higher HF-HRV during pain, which was associated with lower pain ratings. We present interesting findings that a short period of compassionate self-talk may decrease experimental pain as well as mechanistic evidence surrounding bodily control over pain-related arousal indicated by HF-HRV. PERSPECTIVE: This study presents the first line of evidence that a short period of compassionate self-talk may be sufficient to reduce experimental pain. We also demonstrate increased bodily control as a potential mechanism underlying this effect.
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Obstacles to social safeness in women with chronic pain: The role of fears of compassion. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lazaridou A, Koulouris A, Dorado K, Chai P, Edwards RR, Schreiber KL. The Impact of a Daily Yoga Program for Women with Fibromyalgia. Int J Yoga 2019; 12:206-217. [PMID: 31543629 PMCID: PMC6746047 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_72_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by widespread pain, sleep disturbance, negative affect, and stress and is notably difficult to treat. Individuals with FM have lower physical activity and endorse fears that exercise may worsen pain. Gentle daily yoga practice may allow a gradual increase in activity and positively impact many of these FM symptoms. This qualitative study investigated the impact of participation in a pilot trial of group and daily individual home yoga intervention on women with FM. Materials and Methods: Fifteen individuals participated in telephone interviews after participating in the yoga intervention, which included semi-structured questions to elicit insights and impressions of their experience. Responses were systematically coded and themes identified. Results: Five themes were identified: (1) physical/body perceptual changes, (2) practices affecting pain, (3) emotional changes, (4) practice motivators and barriers, and (5) group effect. Participants not only reported reductions in FM symptoms, including pain and stress, but also a positive impact on mood, sleep, and self-confidence. Conclusions: Participants enumerated both physical and psychological impact of starting yoga practice. Specific helpful poses and practices and important barriers were identified. Group practice and social connection with others with other FM patients was an important benefit to participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Lazaridou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Koulouris
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen Dorado
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin L Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chang EC, Lucas AG, Chang OD, Angoff HD, Li M, Duong AH, Huang J, Perera MJ, Sirois FM, Hirsch JK. Relationship between Future Orientation and Pain Severity in Fibromyalgia Patients: Self-Compassion as a Coping Mechanism. SOCIAL WORK 2019; 64:253-258. [PMID: 31143955 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between future orientation and fibromyalgia-related pain severity in a sample of 287 adults with fibromyalgia. Specifically, authors examined dimensions of self-compassion (for example, self-kindness, isolation, mindfulness) as possible mechanisms through which future orientation might be associated with pain severity. Results of conducting a multiple mediator test with 10,000 bootstraps indicated that the significant negative association between future orientation and pain severity was mediated through one specific self-compassion dimension, namely, isolation. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the present findings for working with fibromyalgia patients, specifically the potential value of social workers working with fibromyalgia patients to build future orientation as a resilience factor to combat pain severity. Also discussed is the value of working with patients to develop a sustainable social support system that can disrupt experiences of social isolation and disconnectedness from others, and which appear to contribute to greater pain severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Chang
- Department of Psychology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Abigael G Lucas
- Department of Psychology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Olivia D Chang
- Department of Psychology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Harrison D Angoff
- Department of Psychology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Mingqi Li
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago
| | - Ashley H Duong
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Marisa J Perera
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Fuschia M Sirois
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jameson K Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City
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The relation of self‐compassion to functioning among adults with chronic pain. Eur J Pain 2019; 23:1538-1547. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Self-Compassion with Perceived Pain in Migraine Patients in Ilam, 2018. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.91623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pain in relation to emotion regulatory resources and self-compassion: a non-randomized correlational study involving recollected early childhood experiences and insecure attachment. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2019. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2019.83384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPain is common in most diseases and is usually treated by medical and physical approaches (medications, exercise). Limited attention has been given to whether non-medical approaches (such as emotion regulation abilities including self-compassion) can help further reduce the pain experienced. Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), a painful and complex autoimmune connective tissue and vascular disease, was examined in this study in relation to psychological aspects of pain and the links of pain to (1) early life experiences, (2) current insecure attachment style, (3) physiological arousal (negative, hyper-arousal), and (4) personal emotion regulation (self-compassion). Knowledge about these relationships may help in the treatment of pain.Participants and procedureParticipants (120) from Australia (39) and the United Kingdom (81) completed an online or a hard copy survey; 78 participants remained for analysis after screening.ResultsWe found that poor or limited positive early life experiences and a current insecure (dismissive) attachment style contributed significantly to experiencing elevated levels of pain. We also found that negative early life experiences and limited emotion regulation (low self-compassion) predicted hyper-arousal, which in turn was associated with experienced pain. Insecure dismissive attachment style and hyper-arousal were significantly correlated.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that negative childhood experiences and an insecure dismissive attachment style may determine how emotional experiences are regulated or managed by individuals in disease-related pain. Implications include that interventions addressing attachment style and self-compassion may help reduce pain in the individuals concerned, thus helping supplement the effectiveness of current medication and physical approaches.
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Shim M, Goodill S, Bradt J. Mechanisms of Dance/Movement Therapy for Building Resilience in People Experiencing Chronic Pain. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DANCE THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10465-019-09294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Barnes A, Adam ME, Eke AO, Ferguson LJ. Exploring the emotional experiences of young women with chronic pain: The potential role of self-compassion. J Health Psychol 2018; 26:367-377. [PMID: 30516073 DOI: 10.1177/1359105318816509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is multidimensional and includes an emotional dimension in addition to the physical and cognitive dimensions. Self-compassion, being touched by and open to one's own suffering, has been identified as a useful resource during difficult experiences. The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to explore the role of self-compassion in the emotional experiences of women with chronic pain. Seven women participated in focus groups, reflective photo voice and one-on-one interviews. Three collective narratives were generated highlighting the women's sources of emotional pain and suggesting self-compassion as a constructive approach to manage the emotional dimension of chronic pain.
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Carvalho SA, Pinto-Gouveia J, Gillanders D, Castilho P. Pain and Depressive Symptoms: Exploring Cognitive Fusion and Self-Compassion in a Moderated Mediation Model. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 153:173-186. [DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2018.1507990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Brown L, Huffman JC, Bryant C. Self-compassionate Aging: A Systematic Review. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2018; 59:e311-e324. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gny108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objectives
There is considerable heterogeneity in experiences of aging, with some experiencing greater well-being and adapting more successfully to the challenges of aging than others. Self-compassion is a modifiable psychological skill that might help explain individual differences in well-being and adjustment in later life. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on self-compassion and well-being outcomes in studies of older adults aged 65 and older.
Research Design and Methods
This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, using databases PsycINFO, Medline, and Embase. The search term self-compassion was paired with terms relating to well-being, psychological symptoms, and adjustment. Meta-analysis was used to synthesize results on the relationship between self-compassion and four outcomes including depression, anxiety, hedonic well-being, and eudaimonic well-being.
Results
Eleven studies met inclusion criteria for this review. Meta-analysis revealed that self-compassion was associated with lower levels of depression (r = −.58, 95% CI [−.66, −.48]) and anxiety (r = −.36, 95% CI [−.60, −.07]), and higher levels of hedonic (r = .41, 95% CI [.15, .62]) and eudaimonic (r = .49, 95% CI [.41, .57]) well-being. Further, three studies found self-compassion weakened the impact of physical symptoms on well-being outcomes.
Discussion and Implications
We found preliminary evidence that self-compassion is associated with well-being outcomes in older adults, and that self-compassion may buffer the psychological sequelae of health symptoms in later life. Higher quality studies with uniform outcome measures are needed to replicate and extend these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Brown
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Jeff C Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Christina Bryant
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Carvalho SA, Gillanders D, Palmeira L, Pinto-Gouveia J, Castilho P. Mindfulness, selfcompassion, and depressive symptoms in chronic pain: The role of pain acceptance. J Clin Psychol 2018; 74:2094-2106. [PMID: 30101973 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) The aim of this study was to test a theory driven model in which pain acceptance (both pain willingness [PW] and activity engagement [AE]) mediates the relationships of mindfulness and selfcompassion with depressive symptoms, while controlling for pain intensity. METHODS A path analysis was conducted using AMOS software to test a meditational model in a sample of women with chronic musculoskeletal pain (N = 231). RESULTS Participants with higher levels of mindful awareness and selfcompassion presented lower levels of pain intensity and depressive symptoms, and higher levels of AE. PW did not significantly correlate with any variable in study. The mediation analysis showed that AE mediated the relationship between selfcompassion and depressive symptoms, independently from pain intensity. CONCLUSIONS These findings seem to corroborate the hypothesis that selfcompassion is rooted in a motivational system, as it seems to correlate with less depressive symptoms through increasing the engagement with valued actions despite experiencing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio A Carvalho
- Cognitive-Behavioural Research Centre (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - David Gillanders
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lara Palmeira
- Cognitive-Behavioural Research Centre (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Pinto-Gouveia
- Cognitive-Behavioural Research Centre (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Castilho
- Cognitive-Behavioural Research Centre (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Does Self-compassion Benefit Couples Coping With Vulvodynia? Associations With Psychological, Sexual, and Relationship Adjustment. Clin J Pain 2018; 34:629-637. [DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Happy Despite Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial of an 8-Week Internet-delivered Positive Psychology Intervention for Enhancing Well-being in Patients With Chronic Pain. Clin J Pain 2018; 33:962-975. [PMID: 28379873 PMCID: PMC5636048 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: There is preliminary evidence for the efficacy of positive psychology interventions for pain management. The current study examined the effects of an internet-based positive psychology self-help program for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and compared it with an internet-based cognitive-behavioral program. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out with 3 conditions: an internet-delivered positive psychology program, an internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral program and waitlist control. A total of 276 patients were randomized to 1 of the 3 conditions and posttreatment data were obtained from 206 patients. Primary outcomes were happiness, depression, and physical impairments at posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analyses were carried out using mixed regression analyses. Results: Both treatments led to significant increases in happiness and decreases in depression. Physical impairments did not significantly decrease compared with waitlist. Improvements in happiness and depression were maintained until 6-month follow-up. There were no overall differences in the efficacy of the 2 active interventions but effects seemed to be moderated by education. Patients with a higher level of education profited slightly more from the positive psychology intervention than from the cognitive-behavioral program. Discussion: The results suggest that an internet-based positive psychology and cognitive-behavioral self-help interventions for the management of chronic pain are clinically useful. Because the self-help exercises as used in the current program do not require therapist involvement, dissemination potential is large. Further studies should examine whether it can best be used as stand-alone or add-on treatment combined with established pain treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Mehan
- Honorary assistant psychologist; North East London Foundation Trust; London
| | - Julia Morris
- Consultant clinical psychologist; North East London Foundation Trust; London
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