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Zhang Q, Liu G, Li Y, Yang B, Guo W, Zhang Y, Pan L, Zhang P, Zhang W, Kong D. Thermal proteome profiling reveals the glial toxicity of dencichine via inhibiting proteasome. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114146. [PMID: 37923194 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Bingkun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China; School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Wenyan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Liangyu Pan
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
| | - Dezhi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
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Ji C, Lu Y, Li J, Hua MZ, Xie Y, Ma Y, Shi R, Zhao L, Yang M, He X, Zheng W, Lu X. Determination of Dencichine in Panax notoginseng in the Forest and Field Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27450-27457. [PMID: 37546611 PMCID: PMC10399182 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Dencichine is a nonprotein amino acid, an effective ingredient in Panax notoginseng with hemostatic and anti-inflammatory effects. There are few studies on the effects of regions and cultivation models on the accumulation of dencichine. In the current study, the content of dencichine in P. notoginseng collected from its global cultivation and trading center Yunnan, China, (>640 samples) was determined using an optimized high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with a diode array detector but without derivatization. The recovery rate of this method was 80-110%, the relative standard deviation was <10%, and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.003% (w/w) and 0.01% (w/w), respectively. The content of dencichine in each part of P. notoginseng was as follows: rootlets (39.59%) > main roots (29.91%) > leaves (16.21%) > stems (14.29%). For leaves, P. notoginseng in the forest (5.52 ± 2.26 mg/g) was significantly higher than that in the field (3.93 ± 1.72 mg/g) but opposite for main roots. The origins and altitudes made different contributions to the accumulation of dencichine in P. notoginseng. This study provides an effective analytical method to determine dencichines in various parts of P. notoginseng from different origins and altitudes and supports quality control and product development of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ji
- Laboratory
for Quality Control and Traceability of Food and Agricultural Products, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yuxiao Lu
- Department
of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural
and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3 V9, Canada
| | - Juan Li
- Laboratory
for Quality Control and Traceability of Food and Agricultural Products, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Marti Z. Hua
- Department
of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural
and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3 V9, Canada
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Laboratory
for Quality Control and Traceability of Food and Agricultural Products, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Laboratory
for Quality Control and Traceability of Food and Agricultural Products, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Key
Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the
Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape
Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and
Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry
University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Liangjuan Zhao
- The
Animal, Plant & Foodstuff Inspection Center of Tianjin Customs, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Min Yang
- State
Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in
Yunnan, National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology
of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Key
Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the
Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape
Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and
Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry
University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
- State
Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in
Yunnan, National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology
of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Laboratory
for Quality Control and Traceability of Food and Agricultural Products, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key
Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the
Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape
Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and
Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry
University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
- State
Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in
Yunnan, National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology
of Agricultural Biodiversity, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Department
of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural
and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3 V9, Canada
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3
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Lian Y, Zhu M, Yang B, Wang X, Zeng J, Yang Y, Guo S, Jia X, Feng L. Characterization of a novel polysaccharide from red ginseng and its ameliorative effect on oxidative stress injury in myocardial ischemia. Chin Med 2022; 17:111. [PMID: 36153627 PMCID: PMC9509600 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red ginseng (RG) was widely used as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or dietary supplement. However, few researches had been reported on the red ginseng polysaccharide (RGP). METHODS In this study, a novel heteropolysaccharide named RGP1-1 was fractionated sequentially by DEAE-52 column and Sephadex G-100 gel column. The primary structure of RGP1-1, including glycosyl linkages, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, morphology and physicochemical property were conducted by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TG) and so on. The effect of RGP1-1 in preventing and treating myocardial ischemia was evaluated by an animal model isoprenaline (ISO) induced mice. RESULTS RGP1-1, with a homogeneous molecular weight of 5655 Da, was composed of Glc and Gal in the ratio of 94.26:4.92. The methylation and NMR analysis indicated the backbone was composed of → 1)-Glcp-(4 → and → 1)-Galp-(4 →, branched partially at O-4 with α-D-Glcp-(1 → residue. Morphology and physicochemical property analysis revealed a triple-helical conformation, flaky and irregular spherical structure with molecule aggregations and stable thermal properties of RGP1-1. And it contained 6.82 mV zeta potential, 117.4 nm partical size and polymerization phenomenon. Furthermore, RGP1-1 possessed strong antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo, RGP1-1 could decrease cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardium fibrosis of mice in histopathology and it could decrease significantly the serum levels of cardiac troponin (cTnI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA). Western blot analysis showed that RGP1-1 can increase the expression of main protein Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and kelch-like ECH-associated protein1(keap1) in oxidative stress injure progress, and therefore regulate the pathway of Nrf2/HO-1. CONCLUSION The above findings indicated that RGP1-1 had an improving effect on ISO-induced myocardial ischemia injury in mice, as novel natural antioxidant and heart-protecting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpei Lian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
- Changzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, People's Republic of China, 213003
| | - Maomao Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqi Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuchen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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Li W, Zhou Z, Li X, Ma L, Guan Q, Zheng G, Liang H, Yan Y, Shen X, Wang J, Sun X, Yuan Q. Biosynthesis of plant hemostatic dencichine in Escherichia coli. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5492. [PMID: 36123371 PMCID: PMC9485241 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dencichine is a plant-derived nature product that has found various pharmacological applications. Currently, its natural biosynthetic pathway is still elusive, posing challenge to its heterologous biosynthesis. In this work, we design artificial pathways through retro-biosynthesis approaches and achieve de novo production of dencichine. First, biosynthesis of the two direct precursors L-2, 3-diaminopropionate and oxalyl-CoA is achieved by screening and integrating microbial enzymes. Second, the solubility of dencichine synthase, which is the last and only plant-derived pathway enzyme, is significantly improved by introducing 28 synonymous rare codons into the codon-optimized gene to slow down its translation rate. Last, the metabolic network is systematically engineered to direct the carbon flux to dencichine production, and the final titer reaches 1.29 g L-1 with a yield of 0.28 g g-1 glycerol. This work lays the foundation for sustainable production of dencichine and represents an example of how synthetic biology can be harnessed to generate unnatural pathways to produce a desired molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xiaolin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
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Li L, Liu X, Li L, Wei S, Huang Q. Preparation of Rosin-Based Composite Membranes and Study of Their Dencichine Adsorption Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112161. [PMID: 35683833 PMCID: PMC9183177 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, rosin-based composite membranes (RCMs) were developed as selective sorbents for the preparation of dencichine for the first time. The rosin-based polymer microspheres (RPMs) were synthesized using 4-ethylpyridine as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol maleic rosinate acrylate as a crosslinking. RCMs were prepared by spinning the RPMs onto the membranes by electrostatic spinning technology. The optimization of various parameters that affect RCMs was carried out, such as the ratio concentration and voltage intensity of electrospinning membrane. The RCMs were characterized by SEM, TGA and FT-IR. The performances of RCMs were assessed, which included adsorption isotherms, selective recognition and adsorption kinetics. The adsorption of dencichine on RCMs followed pseudo-second-order and adapted Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm model. As for the RCMs, the fast adsorption stage appeared within the first 45 min, and the experimental maximum adsorption capacity was 1.056 mg/g, which is much higher than the previous dencichine adsorbents reported in the literature. The initial decomposition temperature of RCMs is 297 °C, the tensile strength is 2.15 MPa and the elongation at break is 215.1%. The RCMs have good thermal stability and mechanical properties. These results indicated that RCMs are a tremendously promising adsorbent for enriching and purifying dencichine from the notoginseng extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Nanning 530006, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Nanning 530006, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Nanning 530006, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Nanning 530006, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Lanfu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Sentao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Qin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Nanning 530006, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Nanning 530006, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
- Correspondence:
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Tang Y, Zong H, Kwon H, Qiu Y, Pessin JB, Wu L, Buddo KA, Boykov I, Schmidt CA, Lin CT, Neufer PD, Schwartz GJ, Kurland IJ, Pessin J. TIGAR deficiency enhances skeletal muscle thermogenesis by increasing neuromuscular junction cholinergic signaling. eLife 2022; 11:73360. [PMID: 35254259 PMCID: PMC8947760 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic and sympathetic counter-regulatory networks control numerous physiological functions, including learning/memory/cognition, stress responsiveness, blood pressure, heart rate, and energy balance. As neurons primarily utilize glucose as their primary metabolic energy source, we generated mice with increased glycolysis in cholinergic neurons by specific deletion of the fructose-2,6-phosphatase protein TIGAR. Steady-state and stable isotope flux analyses demonstrated increased rates of glycolysis, acetyl-CoA production, acetylcholine levels, and density of neuromuscular synaptic junction clusters with enhanced acetylcholine release. The increase in cholinergic signaling reduced blood pressure and heart rate with a remarkable resistance to cold-induced hypothermia. These data directly demonstrate that increased cholinergic signaling through the modulation of glycolysis has several metabolic benefits particularly to increase energy expenditure and heat production upon cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Haihong Zong
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Jacob B Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Licheng Wu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Katherine A Buddo
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Ilya Boykov
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Gary J Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Irwin J Kurland
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Jeffrey Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
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Zhang X, Chen ZY, Qiu ZD, Liu M, Xu J, Lai CJS, Frankevich V, Chingin K. Molecular differentiation of Panax notoginseng grown under different conditions by internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 194:113030. [PMID: 34839132 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng is a highly valuable and widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine. The quality and efficacy of Panax notoginseng grown under different conditions can greatly vary due to the differences in chemical composition. The analysis of chemical composition in Panax notoginseng typically involves various experimental steps including extraction, chromatographic separation and characterization, which can be time- and labor-consuming. Therefore, the efficient quality assessment and control of Panax notoginseng requires the development of more rapid methods for the chemical characterization and classification of Panax notoginseng. In this study, a method based on internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (iEESI-MS) was developed to characterize chemical components of Panax notoginseng samples under different growth conditions (e.g., place of origin, soil quality, growth season) at the speed of 0.5 min per sample, without sample pretreatment and chromatographic separation. A total of 35 chemical components, including sugars, saponins, organic acids, etc., were identified in Panax notoginseng samples. Clear separation was observed in the multivariate analysis of the iEESI-MS data from Panax notoginseng samples grown under different conditions. The difference in the content of sucrose, fructose, Rg1, Rf, Rb1, Noto-R1, malonyl-Rb1, malonyl-Rg1, malonyl-Rf, Rd, Re, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and malic acid can be used as key characteristic indicators to discriminate origin, commercial specifications, and cultivation conditions of Panax notoginseng samples. The results of our study indicate the high power of iEESI-MS for the rapid molecular characterization and classification of Panax notoginseng under different growth conditions, which can be used for the quality assessment of traditional herbal medicines as well as in pharmaceutical and clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Ze-Yan Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Zi-Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Mingxing Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Jiaquan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Vladimir Frankevich
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I.Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China.
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8
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Tan MM, Chen MH, Han F, Wang JW, Tu YX. Role of Bioactive Constituents of Panax notoginseng in the Modulation of Tumorigenesis: A Potential Review for the Treatment of Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738914. [PMID: 34776959 PMCID: PMC8578715 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death, affecting people in both developed and developing countries. It is a challenging disease due to its complicated pathophysiological mechanism. Many anti-cancer drugs are used to treat cancer and reduce mortality rates, but their toxicity limits their administration. Drugs made from natural products, which act as multi-targeted therapy, have the ability to target critical signaling proteins in different pathways. Natural compounds possess pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer activity, low toxicity, and minimum side effects. Panax notoginseng is a medicinal plant whose extracts and phytochemicals are used to treat cancer, cardiovascular disorders, blood stasis, easing inflammation, edema, and pain. P. notoginseng's secondary metabolites target cancer's dysregulated pathways, causing cancer cell death. In this review, we focused on several ginsenosides extracted from P. notoginseng that have been evaluated against various cancer cell lines, with the aim of cancer treatment. Furthermore, an in vivo investigation of these ginsenosides should be conducted to gain insight into the dysregulation of several pathways, followed by clinical trials for the potential and effective treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Min-Hua Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yue-Xing Tu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Chen Z. Pien Tze Huang (PZH) as a Multifunction Medicinal Agent in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): a review on cellular, molecular and physiological mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:146. [PMID: 33658028 PMCID: PMC7931540 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RELEVANCE Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), characterized by a multitude of pharmacological effects, such as hepatoprotection and inhibition of inflammation and cell proliferative conditions. Many of these effects have been validated at the cellular, molecular and physiological levels but, to date, most of these findings have not been comprehensively disclosed. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide a critical summary of recent studies focusing on PZH and its multiple pharmacological effects. As a result, we further discuss some novel perspectives related to PZH's mechanisms of action and a holistic view of its therapeutic activities. METHODS A systematic review was performed focusing on PZH studies originated from original scientific resources. The scientific literature retrieved for this work was obtained from International repositories including NCBI/PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. RESULTS The major active componentes and their potential functions, including hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects, as well as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities, were summarized and categorized accordingly. As indicated, most of the pharmacological effects were validated in vitro and in vivo. The identification of complex bioactive components in PZH may provide the basis for further therapeutic initiatives. CONCLUSION Here we have collectively discussed the recent evidences covering most, if not all, pharmacological effects driven by PZH. This review provides novel perspectives on understanding the modes of action and the holistic view of TCM. The rational development of future clinical trials will certainly provide evidence-based medical evidences that will also confirm the therapeutic advantages of PZH, based on the current information available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of PTH Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou PTH Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
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10
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Choi NR, Lee JY, Ahn YG, Kim YP. Determination of atmospheric amines at Seoul, South Korea via gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127367. [PMID: 32947676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their important roles in salt-producing acid-base reactions, new particle formation (NPF), and as precursors in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) producing reactions, the atmospheric concentrations of particulate volatile amines (dimethylamine (DMA), ethylamine, diethylamine (DEA), propylamine, and butylamine) at Seoul were analyzed and evaluated. To quantify the presence of volatile amines in particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to a nominal 2.5 μm (PM2.5), an efficient and rapid analytical method based on in-matrix ethyl chloroformate (ECF) derivatization followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was developed and validated using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The annual mean concentration of the total 5 target amines was 5.56±2.76 ng/m3 and the seasonal difference was small. The concentrations of particulate amines measured in this study were lower than those observed in Zongludak, Turkey, Nanjing, China, and Jeju, Korea but slightly higher than that reported in Kobe, Japan. The concentrations of the nitrosamines (nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)), and of the nitramines (dimethylnitramine (DMN) and diethylnitramine (DEN)) measured along with those of the target amines were used in a simple linear regression analysis. It indicates the contribution of DMA to the formation of NDMA in all seasons (except the fall) and DEA to the formation of NDEA in the summer, while DMA and DEA did not significantly contribute to the formation of nitramines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Rae Choi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Ji Yi Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Yun Gyong Ahn
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 03759, South Korea.
| | - Yong Pyo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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11
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Liu H, Lu X, Hu Y, Fan X. Chemical constituents of Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng explain why they differ in therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105263. [PMID: 33127555 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng (Meyer) and Panax notoginseng (Burkill), belonging to the family Araliaceae, are used worldwide as medicinal and functional herbs. Numerous publications over the past decades have revealed that both P. notoginseng and P. ginseng contain important bioactive ingredients such as ginsenosides and exert multiple pharmacological effects on nervous system and immune diseases. However, based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, their applications clearly differ as ginseng reinforces vital energy and notoginseng promotes blood circulation. In this article, we review the similarities and differences between ginseng and notoginseng in terms of their chemical composition and pharmacological effects. Their chemical comparisons indicate that ginseng contains more polysaccharides and amino acids, while notoginseng has more saponins, volatile oil, and polyacetylenes. Regarding pharmacological effects, ginseng exhibits better protective effects on cardiovascular disease, nerve disease, cancer, and diabetes mellitus, whereas notoginseng displays a superior protective effect on cerebrovascular disease. The evidence presented in this review facilitates further research and clinical applications of these two herbs, and exploration of the relationship between the chemical components and disease efficacy may be the critical next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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12
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Qiao YJ, Gu CZ, Zhu HT, Wang D, Zhang MY, Zhang YX, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. Allelochemicals of Panax notoginseng and their effects on various plants and rhizosphere microorganisms. PLANT DIVERSITY 2020; 42:323-333. [PMID: 33134615 PMCID: PMC7584786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Araliaceae) is an important ginseng herb with various health benefits and a history of cultivation in southwestern China over 400 years. In recent years P. notoginseng has faced serious continuous-cropping obstacles due to its large-scale cultivation. In this study, we aim to explore the allelochemicals of P. notoginseng and their interactions with various plants and rhizosphere microorganisms. The chemical constituents of the soil cultivated with 3-year-old P. notoginseng were studied by column chromatography, spectroscopic and GC-MS analyses. We identified 13 volatile components and isolated six triterpenes (1-4, 6-7) and one anthraquinone (5). Compounds 1-7 were tested for their effects on seed germination and root elongation in P. notoginseng, corn, wheat, turnip, water spinach and Arabidopsis thaliana. We also examined the effect of compounds 1-7 on the growth of ten rhizosphere microorganisms of P. notoginseng. At a concentration of 1.0 μg mL-1, compounds 3 and 5-7 caused the death of P. notoginseng root cells and compounds 2, 6 and 7 induced the death of root cells of A. thaliana. Compounds 1-5 and 7 inhibited elongation of A. thaliana root tip cells at a concentration of 10.0 μg mL-1. Moreover, at a concentration of 0.1 mg mL-1, compounds 3, 4, 6 and 7 inhibited the growth of probiotics and promoted the growth of pathogens of P. notoginseng. These results suggest that these isolated ursane-type triterpenoid acids and anthraquinone are potential allelochemicals that contribute to continuous-cropping obstacles of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng-Zhen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Meng-Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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Yang Y, Ju Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yang L, Wang Z. Phytochemical analysis of Panax species: a review. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:1-21. [PMID: 33437152 PMCID: PMC7790905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax species have gained numerous attentions because of their various biological effects on cardiovascular, kidney, reproductive diseases known for a long time. Recently, advanced analytical methods including thin layer chromatography, high-performance thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem ultraviolet, diode array detector, evaporative light scattering detector, and mass detector, two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, high speed counter-current chromatography, high speed centrifugal partition chromatography, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, molecularly imprinted polymer, enzyme immunoassay, 1H-NMR, and infrared spectroscopy have been used to identify and evaluate chemical constituents in Panax species. Moreover, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid phase extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, acceleration solvent extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion extraction, and pulsed electric field are discussed. In this review, a total of 219 articles published from 1980 to 2018 are investigated. Panax species including P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius, sand P. ginseng in the raw and processed forms from different parts, geographical origins, and growing times are studied. Furthermore, the potential biomarkers are screened through the previous articles. It is expected that the review can provide a fundamental for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangui Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhengcai Ju
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yingbo Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yanhai Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, China
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14
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Feng YR, Wang B, Li GJ, Kang WJ, Lian KQ, Lu XL. Determination of higenamine in multi-matrix by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with derivatization technology. J Food Drug Anal 2020; 28:124-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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15
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Emmrich PMF, Rejzek M, Hill L, Brett P, Edwards A, Sarkar A, Field RA, Martin C, Wang TL. Linking a rapid throughput plate-assay with high-sensitivity stable-isotope label LCMS quantification permits the identification and characterisation of low β-L-ODAP grass pea lines. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:489. [PMID: 31718544 PMCID: PMC6849181 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is an underutilised crop with high tolerance to drought and flooding stress and potential for maintaining food and nutritional security in the face of climate change. The presence of the neurotoxin β-L-oxalyl-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (β-L-ODAP) in tissues of the plant has limited its adoption as a staple crop. To assist in the detection of material with very low neurotoxin toxin levels, we have developed two novel methods to assay ODAP. The first, a version of a widely used spectrophotometric assay, modified for increased throughput, permits rapid screening of large populations of germplasm for low toxin lines and the second is a novel, mass spectrometric procedure to detect very small quantities of ODAP for research purposes and characterisation of new varieties. RESULTS A plate assay, based on an established spectrophotometric method enabling high-throughput ODAP measurements, is described. In addition, we describe a novel liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS)-based method for β-L-ODAP-quantification. This method utilises an internal standard (di-13C-labelled β-L-ODAP) allowing accurate quantification of β-L-ODAP in grass pea tissue samples. The synthesis of this standard is also described. The two methods are compared; the spectrophotometric assay lacked sensitivity and detected ODAP-like absorbance in chickpea and pea whereas the LCMS method did not detect any β-L-ODAP in these species. The LCMS method was also used to quantify β-L-ODAP accurately in different tissues of grass pea. CONCLUSIONS The plate-based spectrophotometric assay allows quantification of total ODAP in large numbers of samples, but its low sensitivity and inability to differentiate α- and β-L-ODAP limit its usefulness for accurate quantification in low-ODAP samples. Coupled to the use of a stable isotope internal standard with LCMS that allows accurate quantification of β-L-ODAP in grass pea samples with high sensitivity, these methods permit the identification and characterisation of grass pea lines with a very low ODAP content. The LCMS method is offered as a new 'gold standard' for β-L-ODAP quantification, especially for the validation of existing and novel low- and/or zero-β-L-ODAP genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. F. Emmrich
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa – International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. 30709, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
| | - Martin Rejzek
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Lionel Hill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Paul Brett
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Anne Edwards
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | | | - Rob A. Field
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Cathie Martin
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Trevor L. Wang
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
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An Improved HILIC HPLC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of β-ODAP and Its α Isomer in Lathyrus sativus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173043. [PMID: 31443372 PMCID: PMC6749377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
β-N-Oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) is a non-protein amino acid present in Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) and other Lathyrus species, in parallel with its nontoxic isomer, α-ODAP. When consuming grass pea for several months as staple food, β-ODAP may cause neurolathyrism, a motor neuron degeneration syndrome. Therefore, the independent quantification of both ODAP isomers instead of only the total amount in grass pea allows the identification of less toxic varieties and the development of tools to support breeding for improving grass pea quality. In this work, a simple and fast HPLC-MS/MS method was developed without sample derivatization, using a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) column and an isocratic gradient of eluents for 18 min, which allowed the determination of both α- and β-ODAP. The proposed method was fully validated and applied to the determination of α- and β-ODAP contents in a diverse collection of 107 grass pea accessions representative of the main grass pea-growing geographical regions in the world, with the prompt identification of contrasting accessions. β-ODAP content in the analyzed grass pea samples ranged from 0.45 ± 0.02 to 6.04 ± 0.45 mg g−1. The moderate correlation found between α- and β-ODAP contents (0.65) in this collection reinforces the importance of the independent quantification of both ODAP isomers.
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Xu C, Wang W, Wang B, Zhang T, Cui X, Pu Y, Li N. Analytical methods and biological activities of Panax notoginseng saponins: Recent trends. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:443-465. [PMID: 30802611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, also called Sanqi, is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, which has long history used as herbal medicines. It is currently an important medicinal material in China, holding the first place in the sale volume of the whole patent medicines market in China, and the market size of the single species has exceeded 10 billion yuan. In addition, P. notoginseng is an important constituent part of many famous Chinese patent medicines, such as Compound Danshen Dripping Pills and Yunnan Baiyao. P. notoginseng saponins (PNSs), which are the major active components of P. notoginseng, are a kind of chemical mixture containing different dammarane-type saponins. Many studies show that PNSs have been extensively used in medical research or applications, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, acute lung injury, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, various PNS preparations, such as injections and capsules, have been made commercially available and are widely applied in clinical practice. AIM OF THE REVIEW Since the safety and efficacy of compounds are related to their qualitative and quantitative analyses, this review briefly summarizes the analytic approaches for PNSs and their biological effects developed in the last decade. METHODOLOGY This review conducted a systematic search in electronic databases, such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI, since 2009. The information provided in this review is based on peer-reviewed papers and patents in either English or Chinese. RESULTS At present, the chromatographic technique remains the most extensively used approach for the identification or quantitation of PNSs, coupled with different detectors, among which the difference mainly lies in their sensitivity and specificity for analyzing various compounds. It is well-known that PNSs have traditionally strong activity on cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, or brain injury. The recent studies showed that PNSs also responded to osteoporosis, cancers, diabetes, and drug toxicity. However, some other studies also showed that some PNSs injections and special PNS components might lead to some biological toxicity under certain dosages. CONCLUSION This review may be used as a basis for further research in the field of quantitative and qualitative analyses, and is expected to provide updated and valuable insights into the potential medicinal applications of PNSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yiqiong Pu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ning Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Research Institute of KPC Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Kunming 650100, China.
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Qiao YJ, Zhang JJ, Shang JH, Zhu HT, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. GC-MS-based identification and statistical analysis of liposoluble components in the rhizosphere soils of Panax notoginseng. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20557-20564. [PMID: 35515514 PMCID: PMC9065694 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02110h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous cropping obstacle, mainly caused by microorganisms and organic components in soil, has become a serious problem for the plantation of Panax notoginseng (Araliaceae) due to the rapidly increased demands of this famous herbal medicine in recent decades. The rhizosphere soils cultivated with 3-year-old healthy and ill notoginseng were chemically investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and compared with the corresponding soils without the plantation of notoginseng. Totally 47 liposoluble components were identified. Furthermore, the multiple statistical analysis showed that these constituents were qualitatively and quantitatively associated with the differences between the cultivated soil with P. notoginseng and the uncultivated soil. Among them, neophytadiene (4), d-α-tocopherol (38), (3β,22E,24S)-ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol (39), (3β,24R)-ergost-5-en-3-ol (40), stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol (41), stigmast-4-en-3-one (44) and (5α)-stigmastane-3,6-dione (47) contributed most to the significant differences between the cultivated and uncultivated soils, whereas cyclopentadecane (3), octadecanoic acid methyl ester (16), docosanoic acid ethyl ester (31), nonacosane (34), 38 and 39 were found in much higher amount in the soils with ill P. notoginseng as compared to the case of those with the healthy P. notoginseng. On the other hand, liposoluble components in different cultivation areas were of great diversity; however, they were able to remain relatively consistent across the overall trend of differential substances. Liposoluble components in the rhizosphere soils of Panax notoginseng were found as potential allelochemicals by GC-MS identification and statistical analysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice
- College of Life Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Huan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- People's Republic of China
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Xu Q, Liu F, Chen P, Jez JM, Krishnan HB. β-N-Oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic Acid (β-ODAP) Content in Lathyrus sativus: The Integration of Nitrogen and Sulfur Metabolism through β-Cyanoalanine Synthase. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030526. [PMID: 28264526 PMCID: PMC5372542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an important legume crop grown mainly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. This underutilized legume can withstand harsh environmental conditions including drought and flooding. During drought-induced famines, this protein-rich legume serves as a food source for poor farmers when other crops fail under harsh environmental conditions; however, its use is limited because of the presence of an endogenous neurotoxic nonprotein amino acid β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP). Long-term consumption of Lathyrus and β-ODAP is linked to lathyrism, which is a degenerative motor neuron syndrome. Pharmacological studies indicate that nutritional deficiencies in methionine and cysteine may aggravate the neurotoxicity of β-ODAP. The biosynthetic pathway leading to the production of β-ODAP is poorly understood, but is linked to sulfur metabolism. To date, only a limited number of studies have been conducted in grass pea on the sulfur assimilatory enzymes and how these enzymes regulate the biosynthesis of β-ODAP. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of sulfur metabolism in grass pea and its contribution to β-ODAP biosynthesis. Unraveling the fundamental steps and regulation of β-ODAP biosynthesis in grass pea will be vital for the development of improved varieties of this underutilized legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanle Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 108 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Fengjuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Joseph M Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 108 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Li J, Wang J, Wu X, Liu D, Li J, Li J, Liu S, Gao W. Jasmonic acid and methyl dihydrojasmonate enhance saponin biosynthesis as well as expression of functional genes in adventitious roots of Panax notoginseng F.H. Chen. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:225-238. [PMID: 26777985 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng, an important herbal medicine, has wide uses for its bioactive compounds and health function. In this work, we compared the content of saponin in cultivation and adventitious root. The total content of saponins in adventitious root (8.48 mg⋅g-1 ) was found lower than in the native one (3-year-old) (34.34 mg⋅g-1 ). To enhance the content of bioactive compounds, we applied elicitors jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl dihydrojasmonate (MDJ) to the adventitious root culture. It was observed that the highest total content of saponins (71.94 mg⋅g-1 ) was achieved after treatment with 5 mg⋅L-1 JA, which was 2.09-fold higher than native roots and 8.45-fold higher than the control group. The findings from high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed that six new compounds were present after the treatment with the elicitors. Furthermore, we found that JA and MDJ significantly upregulated the expression of the geranyl diphosphate synthase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, squalene synthase, squalene epoxidase, dammarenediol synthase, and CYP716A47 and CYP716A53v2 (CYP450 enzyme) genes; downregulated the expression of the cycloartenol synthase gene; and increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Tianjin ZhongXin Pharmaceuticals R&D Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahui Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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21
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Ji W, Xie H, Zhou J, Wang X, Ma X, Huang L. Water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymers for selective solid phase extraction of dencichine from the aqueous extract of Panax notoginseng. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1008:225-233. [PMID: 26680322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Specific molecularly imprinted polymers for dencichine were developed for the first time in this study by the bulk polymerization using phenylpyruvic acid and dl-tyrosine as multi-templates. The photographs confirmed that molecularly imprinted polymers prepared using N,N'-methylene diacrylamide as cross-linker and glycol dimethyl ether as porogen displayed excellent hydrophilicity. Selectivity, adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics were investigated. The sample loading-washing-eluting solvent was optimized to evaluate the property of molecularly imprinted solid phase extract. Compared with LC/WCX-SPE, water-compatible molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction displayed more excellent specific adsorption performance. The extracted dencichine from Panax notoginseng with the purity of 98.5% and the average recovery of 85.6% (n=3) was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Ji
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongkai Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 270018, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, China; National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 270018, China.
| | - Xiuli Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 270018, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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22
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Xie H, Ji W, Liu D, Liu W, Wang D, Lv R, Wang X. Surface molecularly imprinted polymers with dummy templates for the separation of dencichine from Panax notoginseng. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface molecularly imprinted polymers with dummy templates for the targeted separation of dencichine from Panax notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Xie
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Shandong Academy of Sciences
- Jinan 250014
- China
- College of Food Science and Engineering
| | - Wenhua Ji
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Shandong Academy of Sciences
- Jinan 250014
- China
| | - Dahui Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plants
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Kunming 650231
- China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Shandong Academy of Sciences
- Jinan 250014
- China
| | - Daijie Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Shandong Academy of Sciences
- Jinan 250014
- China
| | - Ruimin Lv
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Shandong Academy of Sciences
- Jinan 250014
- China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Shandong Academy of Sciences
- Jinan 250014
- China
- College of Food Science and Engineering
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23
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Qiao CF, Liu XM, Cui XM, Hu DJ, Chen YW, Zhao J, Li SP. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with diode array detection for the determination of dencichine in Panax notoginseng
and related species. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2401-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau; Macao SAR China
| | - Xiao-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau; Macao SAR China
| | - Xiu-Ming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
| | - De-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau; Macao SAR China
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau; Macao SAR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau; Macao SAR China
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau; Macao SAR China
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24
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Baek SH, Bae ON, Park JH. Recent methodology in ginseng analysis. J Ginseng Res 2013; 36:119-34. [PMID: 23717112 PMCID: PMC3659581 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As much as the popularity of ginseng in herbal prescriptions or remedies, ginseng has become the focus of research in many scientific fields. Analytical methodologies for ginseng, referred to as ginseng analysis hereafter, have been developed for bioactive component discovery, phytochemical profiling, quality control, and pharmacokinetic studies. This review summarizes the most recent advances in ginseng analysis in the past half-decade including emerging techniques and analytical trends. Ginseng analysis includes all of the leading analytical tools and serves as a representative model for the analytical research of herbal medicines.
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A system-level investigation into the mechanisms of Chinese Traditional Medicine: Compound Danshen Formula for cardiovascular disease treatment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43918. [PMID: 22962593 PMCID: PMC3433480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound Danshen Formula (CDF) is a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which has been extensively applied in clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the underlying mechanism of clinical administrating CDF on CVDs is not clear. In this study, the pharmacological effect of CDF on CVDs was analyzed at a systemic point of view. A systems-pharmacological model based on chemical, chemogenomics and pharmacological data is developed via network reconstruction approach. By using this model, we performed a high-throughput in silico screen and obtained a group of compounds from CDF which possess desirable pharmacodynamical and pharmacological characteristics. These compounds and the corresponding protein targets are further used to search against biological databases, such as the compound-target associations, compound-pathway connections and disease-target interactions for reconstructing the biologically meaningful networks for a TCM formula. This study not only made a contribution to a better understanding of the mechanisms of CDF, but also proposed a strategy to develop novel TCM candidates at a network pharmacology level.
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He NW, Zhao Y, Guo L, Shang J, Yang XB. Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and pro-apoptotic activities of a saponin extract derived from the roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen. J Med Food 2012; 15:350-9. [PMID: 22316295 PMCID: PMC3308717 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary and medicinal uses of Panax notoginseng have been associated with reduced risk of cancer. This study was designed to investigate the profiles of P. notoginseng saponin extract (PNSE), the major bioactive ingredients in P. notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, by high-performance liquid chromatography, and, for the first time, the anticancer effect of PNSE in the human colon cancer cell line LoVo was further evaluated. The major saponins present in PNSE were ginsenosides Rg1 (31.1%) and Rb1 (34.4%), and the total content of the eight saponins identified (notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, and Rd, and isomeric ginsenosides Rb2 and Rb3) was 81.7%, indicating that it was a highly purified standardized saponin extract. Furthermore, PNSE was found to have a markedly cytotoxic effect and antiproliferative activity against the LoVo cell line in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that PNSE caused cell cycle arrest at S phase. Moreover, PNSE was found to possess antioxidative capacities in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay in vitro. Taken together, the present results suggest that naturally occurring PNSE may provide significant natural defense against human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Wu He
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Qian C, Yuan Y, He X, Liu J, Shao Q, Wu H, Qiao H. A Sensitive HPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Dencichine in Rat Plasma and Its Application to Pharmacokinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2012.38078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Viso A, Fernández de la Pradilla R, Tortosa M, García A, Flores A. Update 1 of: α,β-Diamino Acids: Biological Significance and Synthetic Approaches. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR1-42. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100127y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Viso
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mariola Tortosa
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana García
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Flores
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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29
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Lin YW, Mou YC, Su CC, Chiang BH. Antihepatocarcinoma activity of lactic acid bacteria fermented Panax notoginseng. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8528-8534. [PMID: 20681639 DOI: 10.1021/jf101543k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng was used as the medium for lactic acid bacteria fermentation to manufacture product with antihepatocarcinoma activity. The fermentation broth prepared in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask was found to possess antiproliferation activity against hepatoma Hep3B cells. At the dosage of 500 microg/mL, the viability of hepatoma Hep3B cells was approximately 2.2%. When the fermentation was scaled up to a 6.6 L fermenter, it was found that the fermentation broth produced at 37 degrees C for 2 days showed the highest antihepatoma activity. Animal study revealed that when Hep3B implanted SCID mice were treated with 1000 mg/kg BW/day of the fermentation broth, tumor volume and tumor weight were reduced approximately 60% as compared to the negative control group. HPLC analyses showed that saponins in P. notoginseng including notoginsenoside R(1) and ginsenosides Rg(1), Rb(1), Rd, and Rh(4) decreased, but ginsenosides Rh(1) and Rg(3) increased during fermentation. LC-MS/MS revealed that the minor saponins ginsenoside F(1), protopanaxatriol, and notoginseng R(2) also exist in the fermentation product. It appears that ginsenoside Rg(3), ginsenoside Rh(1), and protopanaxatriol are possibly responsible for the enhanced antihepatocarcinoma activity of the P. notoginseng fermentation broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Jiao CJ, Jiang JL, Ke LM, Cheng W, Li FM, Li ZX, Wang CY. Factors affecting β-ODAP content in Lathyrus sativus and their possible physiological mechanisms. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 49:543-9. [PMID: 20510335 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A neuroexcitatory non-protein amino acid, β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), present in the seeds of the hardy legume crop grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), was considered responsible for human lathyrism. The levels of β-ODAP were reported to vary in different tissues during plant development, and to be affected by a wide range of environmental stresses. In this paper, dynamic changes in β-ODAP level at specific stages of plant development as well as the influences of various environmental factors, including nutrient deficiency, drought, salinity, toxic heavy metals, and Rhizobium symbiosis on β-ODAP levels were analyzed, highlighting the relationship between changes in β-ODAP concentrations and Rhizobium growth. Possible mechanisms underlying β-ODAP accumulation are proposed and future research is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-J Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Arid Agroecology under the Ministry of Education/Institute of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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31
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Fikre A, Korbu L, Kuo YH, Lambein F. The contents of the neuro-excitatory amino acid β-ODAP (β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid), and other free and protein amino acids in the seeds of different genotypes of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.). Food Chem 2008; 110:422-7. [PMID: 26049235 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The free and protein amino acids of nine different genotypes of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seeds were analysed by HPLC with pre-column PITC (phenyl isothiocyanate) derivatisation. Among the free amino acids, homoarginine was quantitatively the most important (up to 0.8% seed weight) and stable while the neuro-excitatory amino acid β-ODAP (β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid) showed highest variation (0.02-0.54%) in the nine genotypes examined. Among protein amino acids, glutamic acid was quantitatively most significant, followed by aspartic acid, arginine, leucine, lysine and proline. The sulphur amino acid, methionine, showed the lowest concentration in all the L. sativus genotypes, and also in lentil (Lens culinaris) and in soybean (Glycine max) seeds analysed at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asnake Fikre
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries (IPBO), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Lijalem Korbu
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries (IPBO), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Yu-Haey Kuo
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries (IPBO), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Fernand Lambein
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries (IPBO), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:91-98. [PMID: 18340659 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Xie G, Su M, Li P, Gu X, Yan C, Qiu Y, Li H, Jia W. Analysis of urinary metabolites for metabolomic study by pressurized CEC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4459-68. [PMID: 17979158 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the metabolomic study of urinary samples using pressurized CEC (pCEC) with gradient elution is proposed as an alternative chromatographic separation tool with higher degree of resolution, selectivity, sensitivity, and efficiency. The pCEC separation of urinary samples was performed on a RP column packed with C(18), 5 microm particles with an ACN/water mobile phase containing TFA. The effects of the acid modifiers, applied voltage, mobile phase, and detection wavelength were systematically evaluated using eight spiked standards, as well as urine samples. A typical analytical trial of urine samples from Sprague Dawley (S.D.) rats exposed to high-energy diet was carried out following sample pretreatment. Significant differences in urinary metabolic profiles were observed between the high energy diet-induced obesity rats and the healthy control rats at the 6th wk postdose. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed the differential metabolites in response to the diet, which were partially validated with the putative standards. This work suggests that such a pCEC-based separation and analysis method may provide a new and cost-effective platform for metabolomic study uniquely positioned between the conventional chromatographic tools such as HPLC, and hyphenated analytical techniques such as LC-MS.
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Determination of Endogenous Metabolites in Obesity Rat Urine by Pressurized Capillary Electrochromatography with Ethyl Chloroformate Derivatization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(07)60073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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