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Begcevic Brkovic I, Reinicke M, Chey S, Bechmann I, Ceglarek U. Characterization of Non-Cholesterol Sterols in Microglia Cell Membranes Using Targeted Mass Spectrometry. Cells 2023; 12:cells12070974. [PMID: 37048046 PMCID: PMC10093698 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-cholesterol sterols, as well as plant sterols, cross the blood-brain barrier and, thus, can be incorporated into cell membranes, affecting the cell's inflammatory response. The aim of our work was to develop an analytical protocol for a quantitative assessment of the sterol composition within the membrane microdomains of microglia. METHODS A protocol for cell membrane isolation using OptiPrepTM gradient ultracentrifugation, in combination with a targeted mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based assay, was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of free sterols in microglia cell membranes. RESULTS Utilizing an established LC-MS/MS assay, cholesterol and seven non-cholesterol sterols were analyzed with a limit of detection from 0.001 to 0.05 mg/L. Applying the detergent-free isolation of SIM-A9 microglia cell membranes, cholesterol (CH), desmosterol (DE), lanosterol (LA) stigmasterol (ST), beta-sitosterol (SI) and campesterol (CA) were quantified with coefficients of variations between 6 and 29% (fractions 4-6, n = 5). The highest concentrations of non-CH sterols within the microglia plasma membranes were found in the microdomain region (DE>LA>SI>ST>CA), with ratios to CH ranging from 2.3 to 435 lower abundancies. CONCLUSION By applying our newly developed and validated analytical protocol, we show that the non-CH sterol concentration is about 38% of the total sterol content in microglia membrane microdomains. Further investigations must clarify how changes in the non-sterol composition influence membrane fluidity and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilijana Begcevic Brkovic
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Reinicke
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Soroth Chey
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Zhang C, Li N, Wang Z, Wang S, Wang Z, Fan X, Xu X, Zhou Y, Wang Y. Unsaturated fatty-acid based HPLC fingerprints in combination with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker for the classification of Rana chensinensis ovum. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive quality evaluation strategy was established for Rana chensinensis ovum based on analytical chemistry and chemometrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhongyao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shihan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xuanrui Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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3
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The Dietary Components and Feeding Management as Options to Offset Digestive Disturbances in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Russell J, Du Toit EF, Peart JN, Patel HH, Headrick JP. Myocyte membrane and microdomain modifications in diabetes: determinants of ischemic tolerance and cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:155. [PMID: 29202762 PMCID: PMC5716308 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, predominantly ischemic heart disease (IHD), is the leading cause of death in diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition to eliciting cardiomyopathy, DM induces a ‘wicked triumvirate’: (i) increasing the risk and incidence of IHD and myocardial ischemia; (ii) decreasing myocardial tolerance to ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury; and (iii) inhibiting or eliminating responses to cardioprotective stimuli. Changes in ischemic tolerance and cardioprotective signaling may contribute to substantially higher mortality and morbidity following ischemic insult in DM patients. Among the diverse mechanisms implicated in diabetic impairment of ischemic tolerance and cardioprotection, changes in sarcolemmal makeup may play an overarching role and are considered in detail in the current review. Observations predominantly in animal models reveal DM-dependent changes in membrane lipid composition (cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation, fatty acid saturation vs. reduced desaturation, phospholipid remodeling) that contribute to modulation of caveolar domains, gap junctions and T-tubules. These modifications influence sarcolemmal biophysical properties, receptor and phospholipid signaling, ion channel and transporter functions, contributing to contractile and electrophysiological dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, ischemic intolerance and suppression of protective signaling. A better understanding of these sarcolemmal abnormalities in types I and II DM (T1DM, T2DM) can inform approaches to limiting cardiomyopathy, associated IHD and their consequences. Key knowledge gaps include details of sarcolemmal changes in models of T2DM, temporal patterns of lipid, microdomain and T-tubule changes during disease development, and the precise impacts of these diverse sarcolemmal modifications. Importantly, exercise, dietary, pharmacological and gene approaches have potential for improving sarcolemmal makeup, and thus myocyte function and stress-resistance in this ubiquitous metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Russell
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Eugene F Du Toit
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - John P Headrick
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia. .,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4217, Australia.
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5
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Shaikh SR, Kinnun JJ, Leng X, Williams JA, Wassall SR. How polyunsaturated fatty acids modify molecular organization in membranes: insight from NMR studies of model systems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:211-9. [PMID: 24820775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Marine long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are bioactive molecules with clinical applications for the treatment of several diseases. In order to effectively translate these molecules into clinical trials, it is essential to establish the underlying mechanisms for n-3 PUFA. This review focuses on efforts to understand how EPA and DHA, upon incorporation into plasma membrane phospholipids, remodel the molecular organization of cholesterol-enriched lipid microdomains. We first give an overview of results from studies on cells. Paradoxical data generated from mouse studies indicate that EPA and DHA incorporate into lipid microdomains, yet in spite of their high disorder increase molecular order within the domain. We then spotlight the utility of solid state (2)H NMR spectroscopy of model bilayers as a tool for elucidating underlying mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA-containing phospholipids can regulate molecular organization of lipid microdomains. Evidence is presented demonstrating that n-3 PUFA exert differential structural effects when incorporated into phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) compared to phosphatidylcholines (PC), which explains some of the conflicting results observed in vivo. Recent studies that reveal differences between the interactions of EPA and DHA with lipid microdomains, potentially reflecting a differential in bioactivity, are finally described. Overall, we highlight the notion that NMR experiments on model membranes suggest a complex model by which n-3 PUFA reorganize lipid microdomains in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Room 4117, Mail Stop 743, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Jacob J Kinnun
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3273, USA
| | - Xiaoling Leng
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3273, USA
| | - Justin A Williams
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3273, USA
| | - Stephen R Wassall
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3273, USA.
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Hess TM, Rexford J, Hansen DK, Ahrens NS, Harris M, Engle T, Ross T, Allen KG. Effects of Ω-3 (n-3) Fatty Acid Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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MacFabe DF. Short-chain fatty acid fermentation products of the gut microbiome: implications in autism spectrum disorders. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2012; 23:19260. [PMID: 23990817 PMCID: PMC3747729 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v23i0.19260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests potential, but unproven, links between dietary, metabolic, infective, and gastrointestinal factors and the behavioral exacerbations and remissions of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Propionic acid (PPA) and its related short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fermentation products of ASD-associated bacteria (Clostridia, Bacteriodetes, Desulfovibrio). SCFAs represent a group of compounds derived from the host microbiome that are plausibly linked to ASDs and can induce widespread effects on gut, brain, and behavior. Intraventricular administration of PPA and SCFAs in rats induces abnormal motor movements, repetitive interests, electrographic changes, cognitive deficits, perseveration, and impaired social interactions. The brain tissue of PPA-treated rats shows a number of ASD-linked neurochemical changes, including innate neuroinflammation, increased oxidative stress, glutathione depletion, and altered phospholipid/acylcarnitine profiles. These directly or indirectly contribute to acquired mitochondrial dysfunction via impairment in carnitine-dependent pathways, consistent with findings in patients with ASDs. Of note, common antibiotics may impair carnitine-dependent processes by altering gut flora favoring PPA-producing bacteria and by directly inhibiting carnitine transport across the gut. Human populations that are partial metabolizers of PPA are more common than previously thought. PPA has further bioactive effects on neurotransmitter systems, intracellular acidification/calcium release, fatty acid metabolism, gap junction gating, immune function, and alteration of gene expression that warrant further exploration. These findings are consistent with the symptoms and proposed underlying mechanisms of ASDs and support the use of PPA infusions in rats as a valid animal model of the condition. Collectively, this offers further support that gut-derived factors, such as dietary or enteric bacterially produced SCFAs, may be plausible environmental agents that can trigger ASDs or ASD-related behaviors and deserve further exploration in basic science, agriculture, and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick F. MacFabe
- Director: The Kilee Patchell-Evans Autism Research Group, Departments of Psychology (Neuroscience) and Psychiatry, Division of Developmental Disabilities, Lawson Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C2
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Dombrowsky H, Lautenschläger I, Zehethofer N, Lindner B, Schultz H, Uhlig S, Frerichs I, Weiler N. Ingestion of (n-3) fatty acids augments basal and platelet activating factor-induced permeability to dextran in the rat mesenteric vascular bed. J Nutr 2011; 141:1635-42. [PMID: 21775525 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.143016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of intestinal barrier function and subsequent edema formation remains a serious clinical problem leading to hypoperfusion, anastomotic leakage, bacterial translocation, and inflammatory mediator liberation. The inflammatory mediator platelet activating factor (PAF) promotes eicosanoid-mediated edema formation and vasoconstriction. Fish oil-derived (n-3) fatty acids (FA) favor the production of less injurious eicosanoids but may also increase intestinal paracellular permeability. We hypothesized that dietary (n-3) FA would ameliorate PAF-induced vasoconstriction and enhance vascular leakage of dextran tracers. Rats were fed either an (n-3) FA-rich diet (EPA-rich diet; 4.0 g/kg EPA, 2.8 g/kg DHA) or a control diet (CON diet; 0.0 g/kg EPA and DHA) for 3 wk. Subsequently, isolated and perfused small intestines were stimulated with PAF and arterial pressure and the translocation of fluid and macromolecules from the vasculature to lumen and lymphatics were analyzed. In intestines of rats fed the EPA-rich diet, intestinal phospholipids contained up to 470% more EPA and DHA at the expense of arachidonic acid (AA). The PAF-induced increase in arterial pressure was not affected by the EPA-rich diet. However, PAF-induced fluid loss from the vascular perfusate was higher in intestines of rats fed the EPA-rich diet. This was accompanied by a greater basal loss of dextran from the vascular perfusate and a higher PAF-induced transfer of dextran from the vasculature to the lumen (P = 0.058) and lymphatics. Our data suggest that augmented intestinal barrier permeability to fluid and macromolecules is a possible side effect of (n-3) FA-rich diet supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Dombrowsky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Bou Khalil M, Hou W, Zhou H, Elisma F, Swayne LA, Blanchard AP, Yao Z, Bennett SAL, Figeys D. Lipidomics era: accomplishments and challenges. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:877-929. [PMID: 20931646 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators participate in signal transduction pathways, proliferation, apoptosis, and membrane trafficking in the cell. Lipids are highly complex and diverse owing to the various combinations of polar headgroups, fatty acyl chains, and backbone structures. This structural diversity continues to pose a challenge for lipid analysis. Here we review the current state of the art in lipidomics research and discuss the challenges facing this field. The latest technological developments in mass spectrometry, the role of bioinformatics, and the applications of lipidomics in lipid metabolism and cellular physiology and pathology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
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Mochizuki K, Igawa-Tada M, Takase S, Goda T. Feeding rats a high fat/carbohydrate ratio diet reduces jejunal S/I activity ratio and unsialylated galactose on glycosylated chain of S–I complex. Life Sci 2010; 86:524-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Change in the fatty acid pattern of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids after oral supplementation of specific fatty acids in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:410-8. [PMID: 20160750 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The fatty acid pattern of membrane phospholipids is suggested to affect membrane fluidity and epithelial barrier function as a result of membrane fatty acid unsaturation. The incorporation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into membrane phospholipids may diminish inflammatory potential in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to improve the fatty acid profile of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids after oral supplementation of specific fatty acids in patients with maldigestion and/or malabsorption. SUBJECTS/METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. A total of 48 patients with gastrointestinal diseases received either fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,K (ADEK) or ADEK plus fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and medium-chain triglycerides (FA-ADEK) for 12 weeks. The fatty acid profile of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids, dietary intake, plasma antioxidant vitamins and serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were evaluated at baseline, 8 and 12 weeks after supplementation. RESULTS Supplementation with FA-ADEK increased ALA, DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids by 0.040, 1.419 and 0.159%, respectively, compared with ADEK supplementation (-0.007, 0.151 and 0.002%, respectively) after 12 weeks (all P<or=0.001). Serum GGT activity decreased in patients receiving FA-ADEK compared with those receiving ADEK with a significant difference after 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The significant change in erythrocyte membrane fatty acid pattern demonstrates the incorporation of orally administered n-3 PUFA in patients with maldigestion and malabsorption. The increase in ALA and DHA, as well as the conversion of ALA to EPA is attributed to the supplementation of sufficient amounts of ALA and DHA, respectively. Serum GGT activity decreased in response to decreased oxidative stress.
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Hossain Z, Hirata T. Molecular mechanism of intestinal permeability: interaction at tight junctions. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2008; 4:1181-5. [PMID: 19396381 DOI: 10.1039/b800402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier plays a critical role in humans in the transport of nutrients and macromolecules. At the same time, it has to provide an effective barrier to harmful macromolecules and microorganisms. The tight junction (TJ) is an essential component of this barrier. The junctional complexes of the plasma membrane are not simply epithelial barriers in paracellular transport or barriers preventing diffusion in the plasma membrane, but also contain proteins involved in signal transduction and the maintenance of the physiological epithelial cell state. Occludin, claudin, junctional adhesion molecules, and the coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor are the major components of TJs. This article highlights the structure and function of TJs as well as the molecular interactions occurring during permeation through TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Hossain
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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