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Du Q, Meng X, Wang S. A Comprehensive Review on the Chemical Properties, Plant Sources, Pharmacological Activities, Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Characteristics of Tetrahydropalmatine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:890078. [PMID: 35559252 PMCID: PMC9086320 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.890078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydropalmatine (THP), a tetrahydroproberine isoquinoline alkaloid, is widely present in some botanical drugs, such as Stephania epigaea H.S. Lo (Menispermaceae; Radix stephaniae epigaeae), Corydalis yanhusuo (Y.H.Chou & Chun C.Hsu) W.T. Wang ex Z.Y. Su and C.Y. Wu (Papaveraceae; Corydalis rhizoma), and Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneid (Berberidaceae; Phellodendri chinensis cortex). THP has attracted considerable attention because of its diverse pharmacological activities. In this review, the chemical properties, plant sources, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic and toxicological characteristics of THP were systematically summarized for the first time. The results indicated that THP mainly existed in Papaveraceae and Menispermaceae families. Its pharmacological activities include anti-addiction, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, neuroprotective, and antitumor effects. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that THP was inadequately absorbed in the intestine and had rapid clearance and low bioavailability in vivo, as well as self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems, which could increase the absorption level and absorption rate of THP and improve its bioavailability. In addition, THP may have potential cardiac and neurological toxicity, but toxicity studies of THP are limited, especially its long-duration and acute toxicity tests. In summary, THP, as a natural alkaloid, has application prospects and potential development value, which is promising to be a novel drug for the treatment of pain, inflammation, and other related diseases. Further research on its potential target, molecular mechanism, toxicity, and oral utilization should need to be strengthened in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Li Y, Zhang T, Huai J, Cheng C, Xie L, Wang S, Dai R. Pharmacokinetic study of three different formulations of l-tetrahydropalmatine in brain tissues of rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5066. [PMID: 33452741 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
l-Tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP), an active alkaloid compound isolated from Rhizoma Corydalis-yanhusuo, has been reported to possess biological activity for treating cocaine use. To enhance both oral bioavailability and brain penetration, three formulations of l-THP suspension, mixture of l-THP-puerarin and self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) were prepared. A sensitive and reliable ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of l-THP and its active metabolite l-isocorypalmine (l-ICP) in rat brain. Diazepam was used as the internal standard. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Bonshell ASB C18 column at 30°C using acetonitrile-aqueous formic acid as mobile phase in gradient mode. The linearity was validated over the concentration ranges of 4.00-2,500 ng/ml for l-THP and 0.400-500 ng/ml for l-ICP. Full method validation was within the acceptance limits. The method was successfully used to determine the pharmacokinetics of two analytes following oral administration of these three formulations to rats. A significant difference was observed in the main pharmacokinetic parameters between SMEDDS and the suspension, and a 3.25- and 2.97-fold increase in the relative bioavailability of l-THP and l-ICP, respectively, was observed with the SMEDDS compared with the suspension formulation. It was concluded that SMEDDS enhanced the absorption of l-THP and l-ICP and delayed their release in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Huai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Congcong Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Li H, Cheng X, Zhang D, Wang M, Dong W, Feng W. A UPLC-MS/MS Assay for Simultaneous Determination of Two Antipsychotics and Two Antidepressants in Human Plasma and Its Application in Clinic. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:60-69. [PMID: 31470784 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190830150549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidepressants and antipsychotics are widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of mental diseases. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended for patients taking these drugs to ensure pharmaceutical efficacy, medication compliance and prevent toxicity. OBJECTIVE An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/ MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of two Antidepressants-Fluoxetine (FLU) and Escitalopram (ESC), and two antipsychotics-risperidone (RIS) and aripiprazole (ARI), in human plasma. METHODS The sample was processed by simple protein precipitation and the targeted analytes were separated on a C18 column by gradient elution with a mobile phase containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v) and acetonitrile. All the analytes were qualitative and quantitative measured by electrospray ionization source with Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode. A total of 56 plasma samples were obtained from out- or in-patients who were taking the cited four drugs for further analysis. RESULTS The calibration curves for FLU, ESC, RIS and ARI were linear in the range of 45-1800, 4-320, 2-200 and 50-1800 ng/mL, respectively. The entire analytical time for the analytes was 7.0 min for each run and the extraction efficiency was more than 90%. The sample was stable within various storage conditions. The trough concentrations in patients were measured with the validated method. CONCLUSION The developed method was successfully used for simultaneous determination of FLU, ESC, RIS and ARI in the plasma of the patients, which provides effective technical support for routine TDM of these four drugs and is of great clinic value for individual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoliang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Maoyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihua Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiyi Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Liao W, Huang X, Yin Y, Liu B, Zhu R. In vivo microdialysis with ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of tetramethylpyrazine and its interaction with borneol in rat brain and blood. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4210. [PMID: 29431191 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has been widely used in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. However, the mechanism of TMP and how to increase its bioavailability need to be further explored. In our study, an in vivo microdialysis sampling technique coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of TMP and its interaction with different doses of borneol (BO) in rats. Linearity of TMP in brain and blood dialysates exhibited good linear relationships over the concentration range of 0.991-555.14 ng/mL. The specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect and stability were within acceptable ranges. The results demonstrated that BO had a marked impact on the pharmacokinetic properties of TMP. After co-administration, the areas under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of TMP in brain and blood were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the peak concentration of TMP in brain was also enhanced. The AUCBrain /AUCBlood of TMP, increased from 44% to 56 and 60.8% after co-administration with BO (15 and 30 mg/kg). The pharmacodynamic results showed that TMP co-administration with BO enhanced the cerebral blood flow during the period of ischemia and reduced the infarct volume. Overall, it might be an effective way to treat stroke to use TMP co-administered with BO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Yin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Runzhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China.,Department for Cell Therapy center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Abdallah IA, Huang P, Liu J, Lee DY, Liu-Chen LY, Hassan HE. Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography quantification method of levo-tetrahydropalmatine and its metabolites in plasma and brain tissues: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 27606501 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Levo-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) is an alkaloid isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs of the Corydalis and Stephania genera. It has been used in China for more than 40 years mainly as an analgesic with sedative/hypnotic effects. Despite its extensive use, its metabolism has not been quantitatively studied, nor there a sensitive reliable bioanalytical method for its quantification simultaneously with its metabolites. As such, the objective of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive and selective HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of l-THP and its desmethyl metabolites l-corydalmine (l-CD) and l-corypalmine (l-CP) in rat plasma and brain tissues. Rat plasma and brain samples were processed by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase Symmetry® C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) at 25°C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-methanol-10 mm ammonium phosphate (pH 3) (10:30:60, v/v) and was used at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The column eluent was monitored at excitation and emission wavelengths of 230 and 315 nm, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 1-10,000 ng/mL. The intra- and interday reproducibility studies demonstrated accuracy and precision within the acceptance criteria of bioanalytical guidelines. The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to analyze samples from a pharmacokinetic study of l-THP in rats. Taken together, the developed method can be applied for bioanalysis of l-THP and its metabolites in rodents and potentially can be transferred for bioanalysis of human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas A Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peng Huang
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Bio-Organic and Natural Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Y Lee
- Bio-Organic and Natural Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hazem E Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang W, Liu J, Zhao X, Peng Y, Wang N, Lee DYW, Dai R. Simultaneous determination of l-tetrahydropalmatine and its active metabolites in rat plasma by a sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 27868218 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of l-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) and its active metabolites l-isocorypalmine (l-ICP) and L-corydalmine (l-CD) in rat plasma. The analytes were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and separated on a Bonshell ASB C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm; 2.7 μm; Agela) using acetonitrile-formic acid aqueous as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min in gradient mode. The method was validated over the concentration range of 4.00-2500 ng/mL for l-THP, 0.400-250 ng/mL for l-ICP and 1.00-625 ng/mL for l-CD. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were within the acceptable limits of <15% at all concentrations. Correlation coefficients (r) for the calibration curves were >0.99 for all analytes. The quantitative method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of l-THP and its active metabolites in a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration with l-THP at a dose of 15 mg/kg to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - David Y W Lee
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Peng J, Tang F, Zhou R, Xie X, Li S, Xie F, Yu P, Mu L. New techniques of on-line biological sample processing and their application in the field of biopharmaceutical analysis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:540-551. [PMID: 27818920 PMCID: PMC5071623 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological sample pretreatment is an important step in biological sample analysis. Due to the diversity of biological matrices, the analysis of target substances in these samples presents significant challenges to sample processing. To meet these emerging demands on biopharmaceutical analysis, this paper summarizes several new techniques of on-line biological sample processing: solid phase extraction, solid phase micro-extraction, column switching, limited intake filler, molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction, tubular column, and micro-dialysis. We describe new developments, principles, and characteristics of these techniques, and the application of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) in biopharmaceutical analysis with these new techniques in on-line biological sample processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fang Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Sanwang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Feifan Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 731 88912400.
| | - Lingli Mu
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 731 82650446.
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Chen Z, Bi X, Li J, Tang Y, Fan G, Sun D. Application and optimization of organic-inorganic hybrid monolithic capillary electrochromatography for in vivo cefdinir determination with microdialysis. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:440-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Department of TCM analysis; Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of TCM; Guangzhou PR China
| | - Xiaoli Bi
- Department of TCM analysis; Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of TCM; Guangzhou PR China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai PR China
| | - Yuanjun Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai PR China
| | - Guorong Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai PR China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- Department of TCM analysis; Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of TCM; Guangzhou PR China
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9
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Liu Y, Chen B, Le J, Xu Y, Song L, Chai Y, Fan G, Hong Z. Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 11 major components of Yuanhu-Baizhi herb-pair in rat perfusion fluids. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1429-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinli Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Bin Chen
- Analysis Lab, Shanghai Zhabei Institute for Food and Drug Control; Shanghai China
| | - Jian Le
- Chemical Division, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control; Shanghai China
| | - Yanhai Xu
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Lin Song
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Guorong Fan
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Zhanying Hong
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
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Zhao L, Li Q, Zhu H, Chen X, Bi K. Determination of cefuroxime lysine in rat brain microdialysates by ultra-fast liquid chromatography with UV and tandem mass spectrometry: application to an acute toxicokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1199-204. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; 110016 Shenyang China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; 110016 Shenyang China
| | - Heyun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; 110016 Shenyang China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; 110016 Shenyang China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; 110016 Shenyang China
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Gao F, Hu Y, Fang G, Yang G, Xu Z, Dou L, Chen Z, Fan G. Recent developments in the field of the determination of constituents of TCMs in body fluids of animals and human. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 87:241-60. [PMID: 23642848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) play important role in drug discovery and human health, the actual value of TCMs has not been fully recognized worldwide due to its complex components and uncontrollable quality. For the modernization and globalization of TCMs, it is important to establish selective, sensitive and feasible analytical methods for determination and quantification of bioactive components of TCMs in body fluids primarily due to the low concentration, the complex nature of the biological matrices, and multi-components and their metabolites present in biological fluids. The present review summarizes the current extraction techniques, chromatographic separation and spectroscopic (especially mass spectrometric) analysis methods and new trends on the analysis of bioactive components and metabolites of TCMs in biological fluids. In addition, the importance of establishment of pharmacokinetics and bioavailability profiles and simultaneous determination of multi-active components in TCMs is discussed to provide proper examples of analytical methods for pharmacological and clinical studies of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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