1
|
Casals G, Ballesteros MA, Zamora A, Martínez I, Fernández-Varo G, Mora M, Hanzu FA, Morales-Ruiz M. LC-HRMS and GC-MS Profiling of Urine Free Cortisol, Cortisone, 6Β-, and 18-Hydroxycortisol for the Evaluation of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Disorders. Biomolecules 2024; 14:558. [PMID: 38785966 PMCID: PMC11117527 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urine free cortisol measurements are routinely performed to evaluate hypercortisolism. Despite their analytical inaccuracy, immunoassay-based methods are frequently used. Advances in liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) facilitate the incorporation of powerful diagnostic tools into clinical laboratories. In addition to its high analytical specificity and simultaneous analysis of different metabolites, accurate mass measurement allows for untargeted compound identification, which may help to identify clinically relevant metabolites or drugs. METHODS The present study aimed to validate a simple routine LC-HRMS method to quantify cortisol, cortisone, 6β-hydroxycortisol, and 18-hydroxycortisol simultaneously in human urine. Additionally, the study also validated a GC-MS method for the same steroids, evaluated their cross-reactivity with commercial cortisol immunoassays, and quantified the 24 h urine excretion in patients under clinical suspicion or follow-up for hypercortisolism. RESULTS The LC-HRMS method involved liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane, micro-LC for chromatographic separation and detection using the accurate masses of the steroids, and simultaneous high-resolution full scan acquisition. The method presented acceptable linearity, precision, and accuracy. Significant interference from 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisone was demonstrated in the cortisol immunoassays, which impacted their reliability in the follow-up of patients with hypercortisolism and significant changes in these cortisol metabolites (i.e., due to drug-induced changes in CYP3A4 activity). CONCLUSION A rapid and accurate routine LC-HRMS method was validated, which is useful for the evaluation of hypercortisolism and other disorders of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregori Casals
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.M.); (G.F.-V.); (M.M.-R.)
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Angielys Zamora
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Irene Martínez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.M.); (G.F.-V.); (M.M.-R.)
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Varo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.M.); (G.F.-V.); (M.M.-R.)
| | - Mireia Mora
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felicia A. Hanzu
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.M.); (G.F.-V.); (M.M.-R.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rehm K, Hankele AK, Ulbrich SE, Bigler L. Quantification of glucocorticoid and progestogen metabolites in bovine plasma, skimmed milk and saliva by UHPLC-HR-MS with polarity switching. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342118. [PMID: 38182350 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Steroid metabolites are increasingly in focus when searching for novel biomarkers in physiological mechanisms and their disorders. While major steroids such as progesterone and cortisol are well-researched and routinely determined to assess the health, particularly the reproductive status of mammals, the function of potentially biologically active progestogen and glucocorticoid metabolites is widely unexplored. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of comprehensive, sensitive, and specific analytical methods. This is particularly the case when analyzing matrices like milk or saliva obtained by non-invasive sampling with steroid concentrations often below those present in plasma. Therefore, a new UHPLC-HR-MS method based on an Ultimate UHPLC system equipped with an Acquity HSS T3 reversed-phase column and a Q Exactive™ mass spectrometer was developed, enabling the simultaneous chromatographic separation, detection and quantification of eleven isobaric glucocorticoids (11-dehydrocorticosterone (A), corticosterone (B), cortisol (F), cortisone (E), the tetrahydrocortisols (THF): 3α,5α-THF, 3α,5β-THF, 3β,5α-THF, 3β,5β-THF, and the tetrahydrocortisones (THE): 3α,5α-THE, 3α,5β-THE, 3β,5α-THE) and twelve progestogens (progesterone (P4), pregnenolone (P5), the dihydroprogesterones (DHP): 20α-DHP, 20β-DHP, 3α-DHP, 3β-DHP, 5α-DHP, 5β-DHP, and the tetrahydroprogesterones (THP): 3α,5α-THP, 3α,5β-THP, 3β,5α-THP, 3β,5β-THP) in bovine plasma, skimmed milk, and saliva. A simple liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) was used for sample preparation of 500 μL plasma, skimmed milk, and saliva. Heated electrospray ionization (HESI) with polarity switching was applied to analyze steroids in high-resolution full scan mode (HR-FS). The method validation covered the investigation of sensitivity, selectivity, curve fitting, carry-over, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effects and applicability. A high sensitivity in the range of pg mL-1 was achieved for all steroids suitable for the analysis of authentic samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Rehm
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Katharina Hankele
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Bigler
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arioli F, Gamberini MC, Pavlovic R, Di Cesare F, Draghi S, Bussei G, Mungiguerra F, Casati A, Fidani M. Quantification of cortisol and its metabolites in human urine by LC-MS n: applications in clinical diagnosis and anti-doping control. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6841-6853. [PMID: 35915250 PMCID: PMC9436849 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current research was to develop a liquid chromatography-MSn (LC-MSn) methodology for the determination of free cortisol and its 15 endogenous metabolites (6β-hydroxycortisol, 20α-dihydrocortisol, 20α-dihydrocortisone, 20-β-dihydrocortisol, 20β-dihydrocortisone, prednisolone, cortisone, α-cortolone, β-cortolone, allotetrahydrocortisol, 5α-dihydrocortisol, tetrahydrocortisol, allotetrahydrocortisone, 5β-dihydrocortisol, tetrahydrocortisone) in human urine. Due to its optimal performance, a linear ion trap operating in ESI negative ion mode was chosen for the spectrometric analysis, performing MS3 and MS4 experiments. The method was validated for limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.01 ng mL−1 and 0.05 ng mL−1, for all compounds, respectively), intra- and inter-day precision (CV = 1.4–9.2% and CV = 3.6–10.4%, respectively), intra- and inter-day accuracy (95–110%), extraction recovery (65–95%), linearity (R2 > 0.995), and matrix effect that was absent for all molecules. Additionally, for each compound, the percentage of glucuronated conjugates was estimated. The method was successfully applied to the urine (2 mL) of 50 healthy subjects (25 males, 25 females). It was also successfully employed on urine samples of two patients with Cushing syndrome and one with Addison’s disease. This analytical approach could be more appropriate than commonly used determination of urinary free cortisol collected in 24-h urine. The possibility of considering the differences and relationship between cortisol and its metabolites allows analytical problems related to quantitative analysis of cortisol alone to be overcome. Furthermore, the developed method has been demonstrated as efficient for antidoping control regarding the potential abuse of corticosteroids, which could interfere with the cortisol metabolism, due to negative feedback on the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal axis. Lastly, this method was found to be suitable for the follow-up of prednisolone that was particularly important considering its pseudo-endogenous origin and correlation with cortisol metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Arioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gamberini
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy.
| | - Federica Di Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Susanna Draghi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Giulia Bussei
- UNIRELAB Srl, Via Gramsci 70, 20019, Settimo Milanese, MI, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Casati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Marco Fidani
- UNIRELAB Srl, Via Gramsci 70, 20019, Settimo Milanese, MI, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
An Z, Wang X, Li P, He J, Liu L. Exploring the metabolic characteristics and pharmacokinetic variation of paroxetine in healthy volunteers using a pharmacometabonomic approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114224. [PMID: 34265484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic parameters of paroxetine vary between individuals, leading to differences in efficacy. The focus of our research was to predict responses to paroxetine using a pharmacometabonomic approach combining metabolic phenotypes and pharmacokinetic parameters. The pharmacokinetics of 12 healthy volunteers treated with paroxetine over two cycles was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Metabolic profiling and phenotyping were performed on the blood samples that remained after pharmacokinetic studies, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Thirty-nine metabolites (p < 0.05) increased or decreased after treatment with paroxetine. Vitamin B6 metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; phenylalanine metabolism; pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis; tyrosine metabolism; and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were likely to be relevant for the effects of paroxetine. The two-stage partial least squares (PLS) strategy was used to screen potential biomarkers and predict the pharmacokinetic parameters of paroxetine. An orthogonal PLS discriminant analysis strategy was then applied to separate the high- and low-value groups based on the screened biomarkers. Pearson correlation test and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the key prediction biomarkers. Seven common biomarkers were able to predict both the area under the curve (AUC) and the maximum concentration (Cmax): cortisone, l-tyrosine, phenylpyruvate, l-valine, 2-oxoglutarate, l-lactate, and glycerate. Furthermore, homoprotocatechuate and l-glutamate were unique biomarkers for AUC, and citicoline and fumarate were unique biomarkers for Cmax. The selected biomarkers were able to predict the AUC and Cmax and discriminate good responders from poor responders to paroxetine treatment. This trial was registered with http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/ (no. CTR20171590).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoling An
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, PR China
| | - Xiangyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, PR China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Lihong Liu
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian M, Li LN, Zheng RR, Yang L, Wang ZT. Advances on hormone-like activity of Panax ginseng and ginsenosides. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 18:526-535. [PMID: 32616193 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been paid much attentions due to the prevention and treatment of steroid hormone disorders. Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae), is one of the most valuable herbs in complementary and alternative medicines around the world. A series of dammarane triterpenoid saponins, also known as phytosteroids, were reported as the primary ingredients of Ginseng, and indicated broad spectral pharmacological actions, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and anti-fatigue. The skeletons of the dammarane triterpenoid aglycone are structurally similar to the steroid hormones. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that Ginseng and its active ingredients have beneficial hormone-like role in hormonal disorders. This review thus summarizes the structural similarities between hormones and dammarane ginsenosides and integrates the analogous effect of Ginseng and ginsenosides on prevention and treatment of hormonal disorders published in recent twenty years (1998-2018). The review may provide convenience for anticipate structure-function relationship between saponins structure and hormone-like effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tian
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin-Nan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui-Rong Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
An integrative metabolomics and network pharmacology method for exploring the effect and mechanism of Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba on anti-depression. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
7
|
Ruiz-Jarabo I, Amanajás R, Baldisserotto B, Mancera J, Val A. Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) acclimated to different tropical waters from the Amazon basin shows specific acute-stress responses. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 245:110706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
8
|
Microsampling and LC–MS/MS for antidoping testing of glucocorticoids in urine. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:769-782. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Systemic glucocorticoids are prohibited in-competition by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Here, we describe an original microsampling workflow for the quantitation of three endogenous (cortisol, corticosterone and cortisone) and three exogenous (dexamethasone, methylprednisolone and fludrocortisone) corticosteroids in 30 μl of human urine. Materials & methods. Microsampling was carried out by dried urine spot (DUS) sampling and volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), followed by solvent extraction and LC–MS/MS analysis. Results & conclusion: Good linearity (r2 > 0.9989) was obtained for all analytes; extraction yields (>81%), precision (RSD < 8.6%) and matrix effect (<12%) were satisfactory. Microsample stability at room temperature was good (analyte loss <15% after 3 months). Data obtained from real urine microsample analysis were compared with those of fluid urine, providing very good agreement (r2 > 0.9991).
Collapse
|
9
|
Pussard E, Travers S, Bouvattier C, Xue QY, Cosson C, Viengchareun S, Martinerie L, Lombès M. Urinary steroidomic profiles by LC-MS/MS to monitor classic 21-Hydroxylase deficiency. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105553. [PMID: 31778802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
21-hydroxylase deficiency, the most common enzyme defect associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is characterized by an impairment of both aldosterone and cortisol biosynthesis. Close clinical and biological monitoring of Hydrocortisone (HC) and 9α-Fludrocortisone (FDR) replacement therapies is required to achieve an optimal treatment. As frequent and repeated reassessments of plasma steroids, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), androstenedione (Δ4-A) and testosterone (TESTO) is needed in childhood, urine steroid profiling could represent an interesting non-invasive alternative. We developed and validated a LC-MS/MS method for the measurement of 23-urinary mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and adrenal androgens. The usefulness of steroid profiling was investigated on single 08h00 am-collected spot urine for discriminating between 61 CAH patients and their age- and sex-matched controls. CAH patients were split into two groups according to their 08h00 am-plasma concentrations of 17-OHP: below (controlled patients, n = 26) and above 20 ng/mL (uncontrolled patients, n = 35). The lower limit of quantification and the wide analytical range allows to assay both free and total concentrations of the main urinary adreno-corticoids and their tetra-hydrometabolites. Extraction recoveries higher than 75% and intra-assay precision below 20% were found for most steroids. Urinary steroids upstream of the 21-hydroxylase defect were higher in uncontrolled CAH patients. Among CAH patients, plasma and urinary 17-OHP were closely correlated. As compared to controls, steroids downstream of the enzyme defect collapsed in CAH patients. This fall was more pronounced in controlled than in uncontrolled patients. Androgens (Δ4-A, TESTO and the sum etiocholanolone + androsterone) accumulated in uncontrolled CAH patients. A strong relationship was observed between plasma and urinary levels of androstenedione. Daily doses and urinary excretion of both FDR and HC were similar in both CAH groups. Urinary FDR was inversely related to the sodium-to-potassium ratio in urine. A partial least squares discriminant analysis model allowed to classify the patient's classes unaffected, controlled and un-controlled CAH patients based on urinary steroidomic profiles. Our LC-MS/MS method successfully established steroid profiling in urine and represents a useful and non-invasive tool for discriminating CAH patients according to treatment efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Pussard
- Inserm, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; Fac Med Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France.
| | - Simon Travers
- Inserm, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; Fac Med Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Claire Bouvattier
- Département d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Développement Génital (DEVGEN), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Qiong-Yao Xue
- Inserm, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; Fac Med Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Claudine Cosson
- Service de Biochimie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Say Viengchareun
- Inserm, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; Fac Med Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France
| | - Laetitia Martinerie
- Inserm, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; Fac Med Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; Service d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75019, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75019, France
| | - Marc Lombès
- Inserm, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; Fac Med Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alyamani M, Li J, Patel M, Taylor S, Nakamura F, Berk M, Przybycin C, Posadas EM, Madan RA, Gulley JL, Rini B, Garcia JA, Klein EA, Sharifi N. Deep androgen receptor suppression in prostate cancer exploits sexually dimorphic renal expression for systemic glucocorticoid exposure. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:369-376. [PMID: 32057540 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzalutamide and apalutamide are potent next-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonists used in metastatic and non-metastatic prostate cancer. Metabolic, hormonal and immunologic effects of deep AR suppression are unknown. We hypothesized that enzalutamide and apalutamide suppress 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11β-HSD2), which normally converts cortisol to cortisone, leading to elevated cortisol concentrations, increased ratio of active to inactive glucocorticoids and possibly suboptimal response to immunotherapy. On-treatment glucocorticoid changes might serve as an indicator of active glucocorticoid exposure and resultant adverse consequences. PATIENTS AND METHODS Human kidney tissues were stained for AR and 11β-HSD2 expression. Patients in three trials [neoadjuvant apalutamide plus leuprolide, enzalutamide ± PROSTVAC (recombinant poxvirus prostate-specific antigen vaccine) for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and enzalutamide ± PROSTVAC for non-metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer] were analyzed for cortisol and its metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Progression-free survival was determined in the metastatic CRPC study of enzalutamide ± PROSTVAC for those with glucocorticoid changes above and below the median. RESULTS Concurrent AR and 11β-HSD2 expression occurs only in the kidneys of men. A statistically significant rise in cortisol concentration, cortisol/cortisone ratio and tetrahydrocortisol/tetrahydrocortisone ratio with AR antagonist treatment occurred uniformly across all three trials. In the trial of enzalutamide ± PROSTVAC for metastatic CRPC, high cortisol/cortisone ratio in the enzalutamide arm was associated with significantly improved progression-free survival. However, in the enzalutamide + PROSTVAC arm, the opposite trend was observed. CONCLUSION Enzalutamide and apalutamide treatment toggles renal 11β-HSD2 and significantly increases indicators of and exposure to biologically active glucocorticoids, which is associated with clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alyamani
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - J Li
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - M Patel
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - S Taylor
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - F Nakamura
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - M Berk
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - C Przybycin
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - E M Posadas
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - R A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - J L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - B Rini
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - J A Garcia
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - E A Klein
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - N Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA; Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grova N, Wang X, Hardy E, Palazzi P, Chata C, Appenzeller B. Ultra performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometer method applied to the analysis of both thyroid and steroid hormones in human hair. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1612:460648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
Dasenaki M, Papatzani M, Gounari E, Magnisali P, Papadopoulou-Marketou N, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Moutsatsou P, Thomaidis NS. Simultaneous Determination of Free Cortisol, Cortisone and their Tetrahydrometabolites in Urine by Single Solvent Extraction and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1602629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Dasenaki
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papatzani
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Gounari
- Pediatric Intensive Care, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paraskevi Magnisali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens University Hospital “ATTIKO”, Athens, Greece
| | - Nektaria Papadopoulou-Marketou
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism First, Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism First, Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Moutsatsou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens University Hospital “ATTIKO”, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kertys M, Urbanova A, Mestanik M, Tonhajzerova I, Mokry J. Simultaneous Determination of Total Cortisol and Cortisone in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Method Development, Validation and Preliminary Clinical Application. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180427094811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Cortisol as a major glucocorticosteroid product of the adrenal cortex which has been recognized as a stress biomarker in evaluating stress related disorders for a long time. Plasma concentration of cortisol and its metabolite cortisone are usually changed in physiological and psychological tension, anxiety and depression. In order to study these changes properly, we need a sensitive, accurate and reproducible assay for plasma cortisol and cortisone determination. </P><P> Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and robust method for the determination of total cortisol and cortisone in human plasma using mass spectrometry.Methods:A fast, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/ MS) method was developed, validated, and then the levels of cortisol and cortisone were determined. Plasma samples cleanup procedure was composed of two steps: the first was a protein precipitation with 1 % formic acid in acetonitrile, and the second was an on-line solid phase extraction (SPE). Afterwards, cortisol and cortisone were separated using a C18 ACQUITY UPLC BEHTM column with a gradient elution. The mobile phase A was 0.1 % formic acid in water, the mobile phase B was 0.1 % methanol. For the detection we used a XEVO TQ-S mass spectrometer operating in the ESI positive mode.Results:The time of analysis was 6.5 minutes and the quantification range was 5-600 ng/mL for cortisol and cortisone, with > 94% recovery for all analytes (cortisol, cortisone and internal standards). The method was validated according to the EMA guideline for bioanalytical method validation.Conclusion:A simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for measurement of cortisol and cortisone in human plasma. Our findings indicate that the proposed analytical method is suitable for routine analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kertys
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Urbanova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mestanik
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Tonhajzerova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Mokry
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Trends in Analysis of Cortisol and Its Derivatives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:649-664. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
15
|
Kapoor A, Schultz-Darken N, Ziegler TE. Radiolabel validation of cortisol in the hair of rhesus monkeys. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 97:190-195. [PMID: 30053699 PMCID: PMC6138524 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of cortisol in hair has become a widespread tool for assessment of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity because of its ease of collection and its ability to provide cumulative data over a period of months. In order to meaningfully interpret hair cortisol, however a direct validation by radio-metabolism is required to understand cortisol incorporation into hair. Tritiated [3H]-cortisol was IV administered to adult rhesus monkeys to determine 1) if [3H] is found in the hair after injection of [3H]-cortisol, 2) the growth rate of hair and 3) the form in which cortisol is found in hair. Samples of hair were collected from newly and previously shaved patches at 14-days and 28-days after [3H]-cortisol injection. Hair was processed by external wash, grinding, and hormone extractions. Samples were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fractions were collected and radioactivity assessed. We found [3H] incorporated into the hair by the 14-day hair collection and no new radioactivity was found by the 28-day collection. Individual hair growth rate was highly variable between monkeys, indicating that the between-subject hair growth patterns were not consistent. Importantly, for the first time, we showed that systemically administered [3H]-cortisol was found in the hair as [3H]-cortisol and [3H]-cortisone, as well as other glucocorticoid metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amita Kapoor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
| | - Toni E Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
MATSUMOTO T, YAMAZAKI W, JO A, OGAWA S, MITAMURA K, IKEGAWA S, HIGASHI T. A Method for Quantification of Tetrahydroglucocorticoid Glucuronides in Human Urine by LC/MS/MS with Isotope-coded Derivatization. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:1003-1009. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18scp02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wataru YAMAZAKI
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Akihiro JO
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Shoujiro OGAWA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | | | | | - Tatsuya HIGASHI
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Honour JW, Conway E, Hodkinson R, Lam F. The evolution of methods for urinary steroid metabolomics in clinical investigations particularly in childhood. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 181:28-51. [PMID: 29481855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The metabolites of cortisol, and the intermediates in the pathways from cholesterol to cortisol and the adrenal sex steroids can be analysed in a single separation of steroids by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to MS to give a urinary steroid profile (USP). Steroids individually and in profile are now commonly measured in plasma by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with MS/MS. The steroid conjugates in urine can be determined after hydrolysis and derivative formation and for the first time without hydrolysis using GC-MS, GC-MS/MS and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The evolution of the technology, practicalities and clinical applications are examined in this review. The patterns and quantities of steroids changes through childhood. Information can be obtained on production rates, from which children with steroid excess and deficiency states can be recognised when presenting with obesity, adrenarche, adrenal suppression, hypertension, adrenal tumours, intersex condition and early puberty, as examples. Genetic defects in steroid production and action can be detected by abnormalities from the GC-MS of steroids in urine. New mechanisms of steroid synthesis and metabolism have been recognised through steroid profiling. GC with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been used for the tentative identification of unknown steroids in urine from newborn infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Suggestions are made as to areas for future research and for future applications of steroid profiling. As routine hospital laboratories become more familiar with the problems of chromatographic and MS analysis they can consider steroid profiling in their test repertoire although with LC-MS/MS of urinary steroids this is unlikely to become a routine test because of the availability, cost and purity of the internal standards and the complexity of data interpretation. Steroid profiling with quantitative analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) after chromatography now provides the most versatile of tests of adrenal function in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Honour
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK.
| | - E Conway
- Clinical Biochemistry, HSL Analytics LLP, Floor 2, 1 Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9AX, UK
| | - R Hodkinson
- Clinical Biochemistry, HSL Analytics LLP, Floor 2, 1 Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9AX, UK
| | - F Lam
- Clinical Biochemistry, HSL Analytics LLP, Floor 2, 1 Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9AX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Temporomandibular Disorders Related to Stress and HPA-Axis Regulation. Pain Res Manag 2018; 2018:7020751. [PMID: 29854038 PMCID: PMC5954859 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7020751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are characterized by pain and dysfunction in the masticatory apparatus and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Previous trauma, stress symptoms, psychosocial impairment, and catastrophizing have been related to TMD. To assess if the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is upregulated in TMD patients, we performed a cross-sectional study with saliva from 44 TMD patients and 44 healthy sex- and age-matched controls for cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we calculated the F/E ratio for the evaluation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. We also assessed anxiety/depression and pain catastrophizing scores from a questionnaire that participants completed prior to the examination. We found that F (P=0.01), E (P=0.04), the F/E ratio (P=0.002), and the sum of glucocorticoids (E + E) in saliva (P=0.02) were significantly higher in the TMD group. Anxiety/depression and catastrophizing scores were also significantly higher in the TMD group (P < 0.0001). Our findings indicate that patients with TMDs may have an upregulated HPA axis with higher F secretion from the adrenal cortex. Anxiety/depression and pain catastrophizing scores were significantly higher in the TMD group, and psychological factors may contribute to chronic upregulation of the HPA axis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kosicka K, Siemiątkowska A, Pałka D, Szpera-Goździewicz A, Bręborowicz GH, Główka FK. Detailed analysis of cortisol, cortisone and their tetrahydro- and allo-tetrahydrometabolites in human urine by LC–MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:174-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
20
|
Chu L, Shen K, Liu P, Ye K, Wang Y, Li C, Kang X, Song Y. Increased Cortisol and Cortisone Levels in Overweight Children. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2017; 23:25-30. [PMID: 28179618 PMCID: PMC5314734 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.902707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been unclear whether relatively high cortisol and cortisone levels are related to overweight in childhood, parental body mass index (BMI), and family dietary habits. The aim of this study was to compare cortisol and cortisone levels in urine and saliva from overweight and normal children, as well as correlations between children's BMI, parental BMI and family dietary behavior questionnaire score (QS). MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed the data from 52 overweight children and 53 age- and sex-matched normal-weight children aged 4-5 years. The concentrations of salivary cortisol (SF), salivary cortisone (SE), urinary cortisol (UF) and urinary cortisone (UE) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The family dietary behavior QS was answered by the parent mainly responsible for the family diet. RESULTS Average cortisol and cortisone levels were significantly higher in overweight children. There was no significant difference in the ratio of cortisol to cortisone (Rcc) and the marker of 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) activities. The results displayed correlations among cortisol, cortisone, and Rcc. Positive correlations were weak-to-moderate between BMI and SF, SE, UF, and UE. There were correlations between BMI and maternal BMI (mBMI), and BMI was significantly associated with QS. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that cortisol and cortisone levels are associated with overweight in children, but the 11β-HSD2 activities showed no significant differences. Unhealthy family diet was associated with higher BMI, UF, and UE, and families with maternal overweight or obesity had a higher prevalence of children's overweight or obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanling Chu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Kangwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Centre for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Liu
- Division of Child Care, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Kan Ye
- Division of Child Care, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Centre for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Centre for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chile
| | - Xuejun Kang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Centre for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Song
- Division of Child Care, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Keevil BG. LC–MS/MS analysis of steroids in the clinical laboratory. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:989-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
22
|
Hawley JM, Keevil BG. Endogenous glucocorticoid analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in routine clinical laboratories. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 162:27-40. [PMID: 27208627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a powerful analytical technique that offers exceptional selectivity and sensitivity. Used optimally, LC-MS/MS provides accurate and precise results for a wide range of analytes at concentrations that are difficult to quantitate with other methodologies. Its implementation into routine clinical biochemistry laboratories has revolutionised our ability to analyse small molecules such as glucocorticoids. Whereas immunoassays can suffer from matrix effects and cross-reactivity due to interactions with structural analogues, the selectivity offered by LC-MS/MS has largely overcome these limitations. As many clinical guidelines are now beginning to acknowledge the importance of the methodology used to provide results, the advantages associated with LC-MS/MS are gaining wider recognition. With their integral role in both the diagnosis and management of hypo- and hyperadrenal disorders, coupled with their widespread pharmacological use, the accurate measurement of glucocorticoids is fundamental to effective patient care. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of the LC-MS/MS techniques used to successfully measure endogenous glucocorticoids, particular reference is made to serum, urine and salivary cortisol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian G Keevil
- University Hospital South Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Healthcare Academy, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chiesa L, Panseri S, Pavlovic R, Cannizzo FT, Biolatti B, Divari S, Villa R, Arioli F. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS assessment of the tetrahydro-metabolites of cortisol and cortisone in bovine urine: promising markers of dexamethasone and prednisolone treatment. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1175-89. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1202453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | | | | | - Sara Divari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Roberto Villa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Role of mass spectrometry in steroid assays. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2016; 77:43-8. [PMID: 26872617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In addition to protein hormones, steroids measurement constitutes the basis of modern endocrinology. Immunoassays have shown their limits in this field. In contrast, mass spectrometry shows an excellent sensitivity and specificity that make it the method of choice for steroids assays. The recent introduction of UHPLC-MS is a major advance which reinforces this position. In fact, mass spectrometry provides a lot of advantages such as determination of certain steroids in saliva, diagnosis of enzyme deficiencies, or measurement of molecules previously inaccessible like aldosterone. However, standardization is still needed to ensure good comparability of results between laboratories. In the future, mass spectrometry should not replace the immunoassays but rather complement it.
Collapse
|