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Cherniienko A, Lesyk R, Zaprutko L, Pawełczyk A. IR-EcoSpectra: Exploring sustainable ex situ and in situ FTIR applications for green chemical and pharmaceutical analysis. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100951. [PMID: 39291244 PMCID: PMC11406085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In various industries, particularly in the chemical and pharmaceutical fields, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy provides a unique capacity to detect and characterise complex chemicals while minimising environmental damage by minimal waste generation and reducing the need for extensive sample preparation or use of harmful reagents. This review showcases the versatility of ex situ and in situ FTIR applications for substance identification, analysis, and dynamic monitoring. Ex situ FTIR spectroscopy's accuracy in identifying impurities, monitoring crystallisation processes, and regulating medication release patterns improves product quality, safety, and efficacy. Furthermore, its quantification capabilities enable more effective drug development, dosage procedures, and quality control practices, all of which are consistent with green analytical principles. On the other hand, in situ FTIR spectroscopy appears to be a novel tool for the real-time investigation of molecular changes during reactions and processes, allowing for the monitoring of drug release kinetics, crystallisation dynamics, and surface contacts, as well as providing vital insights into material behaviour. The combination of ex situ FTIR precision and in situ FTIR dynamic capabilities gives a comprehensive analytical framework for developing green practices, quality control, and innovation in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. This review presents the wide range of applications of ex situ and in situ FTIR spectroscopy in chemical, pharmaceutical and medical fields as an analytical green chemistry tool. However, further study is required to fully realise FTIR's potential and develop new applications that improve sustainability in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cherniienko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 60-203, Poland
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, 79010, Ukraine
| | - Lucjusz Zaprutko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 60-203, Poland
| | - Anna Pawełczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 60-203, Poland
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2
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Tatsumi Y, Shimoyama Y, Kazarian SG. Analysis of the Dissolution Behavior of Theophylline and Its Cocrystal Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3233-3239. [PMID: 38804156 PMCID: PMC11220746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic imaging is a powerful tool to visualize the distribution of components, and it has been used to analyze drug release from tablets. In this work, ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging was applied for observing the dissolution of molecular crystals from tablet compacts. The IR spectra provided chemically specific information about the transformation of crystal structures during the dissolution experiments. Theophylline (TPL) anhydrate and its cocrystals were used as model systems of molecular crystals. The IR spectra during the dissolution of TPL revealed information about the crystal structure of TPL, which transformed from anhydrate to monohydrate in water. During a dissolution test of a model cocrystal system, it was suggested that an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a coformer were dissolved in water simultaneously. The IR spectra that were acquired during the dissolution of a cocrystal tablet showed new spectral bands attributed to the API after 5 min. This suggested that the precipitation of API was observed during the dissolution experiment. Measurements from ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging can visualize the drug release from the tablet and determine the transformation of molecular crystals during their dissolution. These results will have an impact on clarifying the dissolution mechanism of molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Tatsumi
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, S1-33 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimoyama
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, S1-33 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
| | - Sergei G. Kazarian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, United
Kingdom
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3
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van Haaren C, De Bock M, Kazarian SG. Advances in ATR-FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging for the Analysis of Tablet Dissolution and Drug Release. Molecules 2023; 28:4705. [PMID: 37375260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in the development of effective pharmaceutical formulations for oral administration is the poor solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients. For this reason, the dissolution process and drug release from solid oral dosage forms, such as tablets, is usually thoroughly studied in order to understand the dissolution behaviour under various conditions and optimize the formulation accordingly. Standard dissolution tests used in the pharmaceutical industry provide information on the amount of drug released over time; however, these do not allow for a detailed analysis of the underlying chemical and physical mechanisms of tablet dissolution. FTIR spectroscopic imaging, by contrast, does offer the ability to study these processes with high spatial and chemical specificity. As such, the method allows us to see the chemical and physical processes which occur inside the tablet as it dissolves. In this review, the power of ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging is demonstrated by presenting a number of successful applications of this chemical imaging technique to dissolution and drug release studies for a range of different pharmaceutical formulations and study conditions. Understanding these processes is essential for the development of effective oral dosage forms and optimization of pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline van Haaren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marieke De Bock
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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4
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Developing In Situ Chemometric Models with Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring an API Disproportionation with a Complex Polymorphic Landscape. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An in situ Raman method was developed to characterize the disproportionation of two salts involving a complex polymorphic landscape comprising up to two metastable and one stable freebase forms. Few precedents exist for Raman calibration procedures for solid form quantitation involving more than two polymorphs, while no literature examples were found for cases with multiple metastable forms. Therefore, a new Raman calibration procedure was proposed by directly using disproportionation experiments to generate multiple calibration samples encompassing a range of polymorph ratios through in-line Raman measurements complemented by off-line reference X-ray diffraction measurements. The developed Raman methods were capable of accurately quantitating each solid form in situ when solid concentration variation was incorporated into the calibration dataset. The kinetic understanding of the thermodynamically driven polymorphic conversions gained from this Raman method guided the selection of the salt best suited for the delivery of the active ingredient in the drug product. This work provided a spectroscopic and mathematical approach for simultaneously quantitating multiple polymorphs from a complex mixture of solids with the objective of real-time monitoring.
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5
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Koutentaki G, Krýsa P, Trunov D, Pekárek T, Pišlová M, Šoóš M. 3D Raman mapping as an analytical tool for investigating the coatings of coated drug particles. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:276-286. [PMID: 37102110 PMCID: PMC10124118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of dry-coated paracetamol particles (fast-dissolving model drug) with carnauba wax particles as the coating agent (dissolution retardant) were investigated. Raman mapping technique was used to non-destructively examine the thickness and homogeneity of coated particles. The results showed that the wax existed in two forms on the surface of the paracetamol particles, forming a porous coating layer: i) whole wax particles on the surface of paracetamol and glued together with other wax surface particles, and ii) deformed wax particles spread on the surface. Regardless of the final particle size fraction (between 100 and 800 μm), the coating thickness had high variability, with average thickness of 5.9 ± 4.2 μm. The ability of carnauba wax to decrease the dissolution rate of paracetamol was confirmed by dissolution of powder and tablet formulations. The dissolution was slower for larger coated particles. Tableting further reduced the dissolution rate, clearly indicating the impact of subsequent formulation processes on the final quality of the product.
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Maqsood S, Din FU, Khan SU, Elahi E, Ali Z, Jamshaid H, Zeb A, Nadeem T, Ahmad W, Khan S, Choi HG. Levosulpiride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for brain delivery with antipsychotic and antidepressant effects. Life Sci 2022; 311:121198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Zeng Q, Wang L, Wu S, Fang G, Zhao M, Li Z, Li W. Research progress on the application of spectral imaging technology in pharmaceutical tablet analysis. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122100. [PMID: 35961418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tablet as a traditional dosage form in pharmacy has the advantages of accurate dosage, ideal dissolution and bioavailability, convenient to carry and transport. The most concerned tablet quality attributes include active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) contents and polymorphic forms, components distribution, hardness, density, coating state, dissolution behavior, etc., which greatly affect the bioavailability and consistency of tablet final products. In the pharmaceutical industry, there are usually industry standard methods to analyze the tablet quality attributes. However, these methods are generally time-consuming and laborious, and lack a comprehensive understanding of the properties of tablets, such as spatial information. In recent years, spectral imaging technology makes up for the shortcomings of traditional tablet analysis methods because it provides non-contact and rich information in time and space. As a promising technology to replace the traditional tablet analysis methods, it has attracted more and more attention. The present paper briefly describes a series of spectral imaging techniques and their applications in tablet analysis. Finally, the possible application prospect of this technology and the deficiencies that need to be improved were also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Sijun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Guangpu Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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8
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Abouselo A, Rance GA, Tres F, Taylor LS, Kwokal A, Renou L, Scurr DJ, Burley JC, Aylott JW. Effect of Excipients on Salt Disproportionation during Dissolution: A Novel Application of In Situ Raman Imaging. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3247-3259. [PMID: 34399050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have employed a bespoke setup combining confocal Raman microscopy and an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy flow cell to investigate the effect of excipients on the disproportionation kinetics of Pioglitazone HCl (PioHCl) in tablets during dissolution. Three binary formulations of PioHCl, containing citric acid monohydrate (CA), lactose monohydrate (LM), or magnesium stearate (MgSt), respectively, were used as models to study the influence of excipients' physicochemical properties on the rate of salt disproportionation kinetics and dissolution performance in different aqueous pH environments. It was found that formulation excipients can induce or prevent salt disproportionation by modulating the microenvironmental pH regardless of the pH of the dissolution media. Incorporating CA in PioHCl tablets preserves the salt form and enhances the dissolution performance of the salt in the acidic medium (pH = 1.2). In contrast, LM and MgSt had a detrimental effect on in vitro drug performance by inducing salt disproportionation in the tablet during dissolution in the same acidic medium. Dissolution in the neutral medium (pH = 6.8) showed rapid formation of the free base upon contact with the dissolution medium. The Raman maps of the cross-sectioned tablets revealed the formation of a shell consisting of the free base around the edge of the tablet. This shell decreased the rate of penetration of the dissolution medium into the tablet, which had significant implications on the release of the API into the surrounding solution, as shown by the UV-vis absorption spectroscopy drug release data. Our findings highlight the utility of the Raman/UV-vis flow cell analytical platform as an advanced analytical technique to investigate the effect of excipients and dissolution media on salt disproportionation in real time. This methodology will be used to enhance our understanding of salt stability studies that may pave the way for more stable multicomponent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Abouselo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | | | - Francesco Tres
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 4790, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 4790, United States
| | - Ana Kwokal
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ludovic Renou
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - David J Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonathan C Burley
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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9
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How to stop disproportionation of a hydrochloride salt of a very weakly basic compound in a non-clinical suspension formulation. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120875. [PMID: 34273425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Our objectives were to stabilize a non-clinical suspension for use in toxicological studies and to develop methods to investigate the stability of the formulation in terms of salt disproportionation. The compound under research was a hydrochloride salt of a practically insoluble discovery compound ODM-203. The first of the three formulation approaches was a suspension prepared and stored at room temperature. The second formulation was stabilized by pH adjustment. In the third approach cooling was used to prevent salt disproportionation. 5 mg/mL aqueous suspension consisting of 20 mg/mL PVP/VA and 5 mg/mL Tween 80 was prepared for each of the approaches. The polymer was used as precipitation inhibitor to provide prolonged supersaturation while Tween 80 was used to enhance dissolution and homogeneity of the suspension. The consequences of salt disproportionation were studied by a small-scale in vitro dissolution method and by an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats. Our results show that disproportionation was successfully suppressed by applying cooling of the suspension in an ice bath at 2-8 °C. This procedure enabled us to proceed to the toxicological studies in rats. The in vivo study results obtained for the practically insoluble compound showed adequate exposures with acceptable variation at each dose level.
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10
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Fernandes AV, Pydi CR, Verma R, Jose J, Kumar L. Design, preparation and in vitro characterizations of fluconazole loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000318069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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11
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Functionalization of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics: Raman Mapping Investigation of Silanization. CERAMICS-SWITZERLAND 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/ceramics2020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of bioceramic materials by covalent immobilization of biomolecules is a promising way to improve their bioactivity. This approach implies the use of organic anchors to introduce functional groups on the inorganic surface on which the biomolecules will be immobilized. In this process, the density and surface distribution of biomolecules, and in turn the final biological properties, are strongly influenced by those of the anchors. We propose a new approach based on Raman 2D mapping to evidence the surface distribution of organosilanes, frequently used as anchors on biomaterial surfaces on hydroxyapatite and silicated hydroxyapatite ceramics. Unmodified and silanized ceramic surfaces were characterized by means of contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman mapping. Contact angle measurements and AFM topographies confirmed the surface modification. Raman mapping highlighted the influence of both the ceramic’s composition and silane functionality (i.e., the number of hydrolysable groups) on the silane surface distribution. The presence of hillocks was shown, evidencing a polymerization and/or an aggregation of the molecules whatever the silane and the substrates were. The substitution of phosphate groups by silicate groups affects the covering, and the spots are more intense on SiHA than on HA.
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12
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Xi L, Song H, Wang Y, Gao H, Fu Q. Lacidipine Amorphous Solid Dispersion Based on Hot Melt Extrusion: Good Miscibility, Enhanced Dissolution, and Favorable Stability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3076-3084. [PMID: 30094722 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to increase the in vitro dissolution rate of lacidipine, a poorly water-soluble drug, by formulating amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) using hot-melt extrusion (HME). Differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, polarized light microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared were used to characterize the optimal formulations and evaluate the physical stability for the stress test. Film-casting method and hot-stage microscopy were applied to study the miscibility of lacidipine and the drug carriers. In vitro dissolution tests were conducted as the final evaluation index. The optimal formulations were successfully obtained with Soluplus and PVP VA64 at a drug/carrier ratio of 1:10 (w/w), Fourier transform infrared studies revealed the hydrogen bonding between drug and polymers, and in vitro dissolution rates of the optimal formulations were extremely enhanced compared to bulk lacidipine and physical mixtures, similar with that of the commercial tablet. The ASD formulated with Soluplus showed better physical stability than that with PVP VA64. A strong hydrogen bonding and good drug-polymer miscibility were essential to hinder the recrystallization of lacidipine ASDs. In conclusion, the lacidipine ASD formulated with Soluplus showed a significant increase in in vitro dissolution rate and favorable physical stability in the stress test.
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13
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Dorrepaal RM, Gowen AA. Identification of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Biomaterial Heterogeneity using Raman Chemical Mapping and NIR Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13034. [PMID: 30158695 PMCID: PMC6115415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated spatial heterogeneity in magnesium oxychloride cements within a model of a mould using hyperspectral chemical imaging (HCI). The ability to inspect cements within a mould allows for the assessment of material formation in real time in addition to factors affecting ultimate material formation. Both macro scale NIR HCI and micro scale pixel-wise Raman chemical mapping were employed to characterise the same specimens. NIR imaging is rapid, however spectra are often convoluted through the overlapping of overtone peaks, which can make interpretation difficult. Raman spectra are more easily interpretable, however Raman imaging can suffer from slower acquisition times, particularly when the signal to noise ratio is relatively poor and the spatial resolution is high. To overcome the limitations of both, Raman/NIR data fusion techniques were explored and implemented. Spectra collected using both modalities were co-registered and intra and inter-modality peak correlations were investigated while k-means cluster patterns were compared. In addition, partial least squares regression models, built using NIR spectra, predicted chemical-identifying Raman peaks with an R2 of up to >0.98. As macro scale imaging presented greater data collection speeds, chemical prediction maps were built using NIR HCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan M Dorrepaal
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aoife A Gowen
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Ewing AV, Kazarian SG. Recent advances in the applications of vibrational spectroscopic imaging and mapping to pharmaceutical formulations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 197:10-29. [PMID: 29290567 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopic imaging and mapping approaches have continued in their development and applications for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations. Obtaining spatially resolved chemical information about the distribution of different components within pharmaceutical formulations is integral for improving the understanding and quality of final drug products. This review aims to summarise some key advances of these technologies over recent years, primarily since 2010. An overview of FTIR, NIR, terahertz spectroscopic imaging and Raman mapping will be presented to give a perspective of the current state-of-the-art of these techniques for studying pharmaceutical samples. This will include their application to reveal spatial information of components that reveals molecular insight of polymorphic or structural changes, behaviour of formulations during dissolution experiments, uniformity of materials and detection of counterfeit products. Furthermore, new advancements will be presented that demonstrate the continuing novel applications of spectroscopic imaging and mapping, namely in FTIR spectroscopy, for studies of microfluidic devices. Whilst much of the recently developed work has been reported by academic groups, examples of the potential impacts of utilising these imaging and mapping technologies to support industrial applications have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Ewing
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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15
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Biomimetic synthesis and evaluation of histidine-derivative templated chiral mesoporous silica for improved oral delivery of the poorly water-soluble drug, nimodipine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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16
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Preparation and optimization of tablets containing a self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system loaded with rosuvastatin. J Liposome Res 2017; 28:149-160. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2017.1295990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Thakral NK, Kelly RC. Salt disproportionation: A material science perspective. Int J Pharm 2017; 520:228-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Park JB, Lee BJ, Kang CY, Repka MA. Process Analytical Quality Control of Tailored Drug Release Formulation Prepared via Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017; 38:51-58. [PMID: 29312469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to compare the influence of Eudragit® RS PO and RL PO blends on the release of water-soluble and insoluble drugs from hot-melt extruded formulations. In addition, we aimed to evaluate drug content uniformity and distribution by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) chemical imaging. Theophylline (TP) and carbamazepine (CBZ) were selected as the water-soluble and insoluble model drugs, respectively. Eudragit® RS PO and RL PO were selected as the polymeric matrices. FT-IR chemical imaging clearly demonstrated the content uniformity and distribution for both drugs in the extrudates, which was confirmed by HPLC. Increasing the ratio of Eudragit® RL PO led to an increase in the in vitro drug release, whereas an increase in the ratio of Eudragit® RS PO sustained the drug release for up to 12 h. The hot-melt extrusion of TP and CBZ with varying ratios of Eudragit® RS PO and RL PO can be employed to tailor the drug release profiles. In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time, the use of FT-IR chemical imaging as a process analytical technique to determine the drug content uniformity and distribution. Our data correlated well with the results of HPLC analysis in the study of tailored drug release from the prepared hot-melt extruded formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bom Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chin-Yang Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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19
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Sroka-Bartnicka A, Borkowski L, Ginalska G, Ślósarczyk A, Kazarian SG. Structural transformation of synthetic hydroxyapatite under simulated in vivo conditions studied with ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 171:155-161. [PMID: 27513683 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite and carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite are widely used in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Both apatite materials were embedded into recently developed ceramic/polymer composites, subjected to Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) for 30days and characterized using ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging to assess their behaviour and structures. The specific aim was to detect the transition phases between both types of hydroxyapatite during the test and to analyze the surface modification caused by SBF. ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging was successfully applied to characterise changes in the hydroxyapatite lattice due to the elastic properties of the scaffolds. It was observed that SBF treatment caused a replacement of phosphates in the lattice of non-substituted hydroxyapatite by carbonate ions. A detailed study excluded the formation of pure A type carbonate apatite. In turn, CO32- content in synthetic carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite decreased. The usefulness of ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging studies in the evaluation of elastic and porous β-glucan hydroxyapatite composites has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sroka-Bartnicka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom.
| | - Leszek Borkowski
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grazyna Ginalska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Ślósarczyk
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom.
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Multivariate Chemical Image Fusion of Vibrational Spectroscopic Imaging Modalities. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070870. [PMID: 27384549 PMCID: PMC6273129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical image fusion refers to the combination of chemical images from different modalities for improved characterisation of a sample. Challenges associated with existing approaches include: difficulties with imaging the same sample area or having identical pixels across microscopic modalities, lack of prior knowledge of sample composition and lack of knowledge regarding correlation between modalities for a given sample. In addition, the multivariate structure of chemical images is often overlooked when fusion is carried out. We address these challenges by proposing a framework for multivariate chemical image fusion of vibrational spectroscopic imaging modalities, demonstrating the approach for image registration, fusion and resolution enhancement of chemical images obtained with IR and Raman microscopy.
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Ewing AV, Clarke GS, Kazarian SG. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging of pharmaceuticals in microfluidic devices. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:024125. [PMID: 27158293 PMCID: PMC4841796 DOI: 10.1063/1.4946867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The poor aqueous solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients presents challenges for effective drug delivery. In this study, the combination of attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopic imaging with specifically designed polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic devices to study drug release from pharmaceutical formulations has been developed. First, the high-throughput analysis of the dissolution of micro-formulations studied under flowing conditions has been introduced using a model formulation of ibuprofen and polyethylene glycol. The behaviour and release of the drug was monitored in situ under different pH conditions. In contrast to the neutral solution, where both the drug and excipient dissolved at a similar rate, structural change from the molecularly dispersed to a crystalline form of ibuprofen was characterised in the obtained spectroscopic images and the corresponding ATR-FTIR spectra for the experiments carried out in the acidic medium. Further investigations into the behaviour of the drug after its release from formulations (i.e., dissolved drug) were also undertaken. Different solutions of sodium ibuprofen dissolved in a neutral medium were studied upon contact with acidic conditions. The phase transition from a dissolved species of sodium ibuprofen to the formation of solid crystalline ibuprofen was revealed in the microfluidic channels. This innovative approach could offer a promising platform for high-throughput analysis of a range of micro-formulations, which are of current interest due to the advent of 3D printed pharmaceutical and microparticulate delivery systems. Furthermore, the ability to study dissolved drug in solution under flowing conditions can be useful for the studies of the diffusion of drugs into tissues or live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Ewing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S Clarke
- Bristol-Myers Squibb , Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral, Merseyside CH46 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Comparison of pharmaceutical formulations: ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging to study drug-carrier interactions. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:112-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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