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Zhang T, Xie Y, Li T, Deng Y, Wan Q, Bai T, Zhang Q, Cai Z, Chen M, Zhang J. Phytochemical analysis and hepatotoxicity assessment of braised Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Wen-He-Shou-Wu). Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5768. [PMID: 38087457 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) is a medicinal herb commonly used in China and Eastern Asia. Recently, the discovery of hepatotoxicity in PMR has received considerable attention from scientists. Processing is a traditional Chinese medicine technique used for the effective reduction of toxicity. One uncommon technique is the braising method-also known as 'Wen-Fa' in Chinese-which is used to prepare tonics or poisonous medications. Braised PMR (BPMR)-also known as 'Wen-He-Shou-Wu'-is one of the processed products of the braising method. However, the non-volatile components of BPMR have not been identified and examined in detail, and therefore, the hepatotoxic advantage of BPMR remains unknown. In this study, we compared the microscopic characteristics of different samples in powder form using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), investigated the non-volatile components, assessed the effects of different processed PMR products on the liver, and compared the differences between BPMR and PMR Praeparata recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). We found that the hepatotoxicity of BPMR was dramatically decreased, which may be related to an increase in polysaccharide content and a decrease in toxic substances. The present study provides an important foundation for future investigations of the processing mechanisms of BPMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yating Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaling Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Quan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingting Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Jianchangbang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing (Braising Method), Nanchang, China
| | - Zhongxi Cai
- Jianchangbang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing (Braising Method), Nanchang, China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- Jianchangbang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing (Braising Method), Nanchang, China
- Beijing Scrianen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jinlian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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2
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Yang JB, Yang CS, Li J, Su GZ, Tian JY, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wei F, Li Y, Ye F, Ma SC. Dianthrone derivatives from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb: Anti-diabetic activity, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and mode of action. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106491. [PMID: 37011521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
PTP1B plays an important role as a key negative regulator of tyrosine phosphorylation associated with insulin receptor signaling in the therapy for diabetes and obesity. In this study, the anti-diabetic activity of dianthrone derivatives from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., as well as the structure-activity relationships, mechanism, and molecular docking were explored. Among these analogs, trans-emodin dianthrone (compound 1) enhances insulin sensitivity by upregulating the insulin signaling pathway in HepG2 cells and displays considerable anti-diabetic activity in db/db mice. By using photoaffinity labeling and mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we discovered that trans-emodin dianthrone (compound 1) may bind to PTP1B allosteric pocket at helix α6/α7, which provides fresh insight into the identification of novel anti-diabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Yang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute for Drug Control, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Cheng-Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guo-Zhu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin-Ying Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Fei Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China.
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Comparisons of physicochemical features and hepatoprotective potentials of unprocessed and processed polysaccharides from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123901. [PMID: 36871693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PM) are used to treat different diseases, and PM has also been reported to have hepatotoxic effects. Moreover, mounting evidence indicates that processed PM is less toxic than raw PM. The changes in efficacy and toxicity of PM during the processing are closely related to the changes in chemical composition. Previous studies have mainly focused on the changes of anthraquinone and stilbene glycosides during process. Polysaccharides, as main components of PM, showed many pharmacological effects, but its changes in the processing has been neglected for a long time. In this study, the polysaccharides of PM in the raw (RPMPs) and processed products (PPMPs) were determined and the liver injury model induced by acetaminophen was utilized to evaluate the impact of polysaccharides on the liver. Results showed that the heteropolysaccharides RPMPs and PPMPs both comprised Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Ara and Xyl, but markedly differed in polysaccharide yield, molar ratio of monosaccharide composition and Mw. In vivo analysis, results showed that demonstrated that RPMPs and PPMPs both exerted hepatoprotective effects by upregulating antioxidant enzymes and repressing lipid peroxidation. It is noteworthy that the polysaccharide yield of processed PM was seven-fold higher than that of raw PM, so it is speculated that processed PM has better hepatoprotective effects at the same dose of decoction. The present work provides an important foundation for studying the polysaccharide activity of PM and further revealing the processing mechanism of PM. This study also proposed a new hypothesis that the significant increase of polysaccharide content in processed PM may be another reason that the product PM causes less liver injury.
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4
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Wang X, Yang J, Cheng X, Wang Y, Gao H, Song Y, Wei F, Ma S. On-line identification of the chemical constituents of Polygoni Multiflori Radix by UHPLC-Q-ToF MS/MS. Front Chem 2023; 11:1158717. [PMID: 37153531 PMCID: PMC10160465 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1158717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) is a type of Chinese herbal medicine with rich chemical composition and pharmacological activity used widely in medicine and food. However, in recent years, there have been increasing numbers of negative reports about its hepatotoxicity. Identification of its chemical constituents for quality control and safe use is very important. Methods: Three solvents of different polarities (water, 70% ethanol, and 95% ethanol solution) were used to extract the compounds from PMR. Extracts were analyzed and characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-ToF MS/MS) in the negative-ion mode. Results: 152 compounds were detected and identified: 50 anthraquinones, 33 stilbene derivatives, 21 flavonoids, seven naphthalene compounds, and 41 other compounds. Eight other compounds were reported for the first time in the PMR-related literature, and eight other compounds were potentially new compounds. Discussion: This study lays a solid foundation for the screening of toxicity and quality-control indicators of PMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Drug Inspection and Research Institute NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Uyghur) Medicine Urumqi, Urumqi, China
| | - Xianlong Cheng
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyu Gao
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Song
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Wei, ; Shuangcheng Ma,
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Wei, ; Shuangcheng Ma,
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Ma J, Li K, Shi S, Li J, Tang S, Liu L. The Application of UHPLC-HRMS for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922488. [PMID: 35721122 PMCID: PMC9201421 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UHPLC-HRMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry) is a new technique that unifies the application of UHPLC with HRMS. Because of the high sensitivity and good separation ability of UHPLC and the sensitivity of HRMS, this technique has been widely used for structure identification, quantitative determination, fingerprint analysis, and elucidation of the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in recent years. This review mainly outlines the advantages of using UHPLC-HRMS and provides a survey of the research advances on UHPLC-HRMS for the quality control of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyao Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Kailin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Silin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Sunv Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - LiangHong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
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6
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Gu D, Wang Y, Jin H, Kang S, Liu Y, Zan K, Fan J, Wei F, Ma S. Changes of Physicochemical Properties and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides During Processing of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934710. [PMID: 35784754 PMCID: PMC9243645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PM) have a long history of usage in traditional Chinese medicine and are still widely utilized today. PM in raw or processed form has different biological activities and is commonly used to treat different diseases. Polysaccharides are the main component of PM, and it is unclear whether their physicochemical properties and activities change after processing. In this study, the polysaccharides from thirty-one raw PM (RPMPs) and nine processed PM (PPMPs) were extracted, and the physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of polysaccharide samples were evaluated. Results showed that RPMPs and PPMPs had significant differences in physicochemical properties. RPMPs and PPMPs were both composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. However, RPMPs and PPMPs had significant differences in their yields, molecular weight (Mw), and the molar ratio of Glc/GalA (p < 0.05), which can be used to distinguish raw and processed PM. The fingerprint of monosaccharide composition was analyzed by chemometrics, and it was further demonstrated that Glc and GalA could be used as differential markers. The immunomodulatory activity assays indicated that RPMPs and PPMPs could significantly enhance phagocytosis and mRNA expression of cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the immunomodulatory activity of PPMPs with lower Mw was significantly better than that of RPMPs. This study furthers the understanding of the polysaccharides from raw and processed PM and provides a reference for improving the quality standard of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Gu
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Kang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zan
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangcheng Ma,
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7
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Kang L, Li D, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Pan M, Hu Y, Si L, Zhang Y, Huang J. Hepatotoxicity of the Major Anthraquinones Derived From Polygoni Multiflori Radix Based on Bile Acid Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:878817. [PMID: 35662717 PMCID: PMC9157432 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.878817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR), the dried root of Polygonum Multiflorum Thunb., has been widely used as traditional Chinese medicines in clinical practice for centuries. However, the frequently reported hepatotoxic adverse effects hindered its safe use in clinical practice. This study aims to explore the hepatotoxic effect of PMR extract and the major PMR derived anthraquinones including emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion in mice and the underlying mechanisms based on bile acid homeostasis. After consecutively treating the ICR mice with PMR extract or individual anthraquinones for 14 or 28 days, the liver function was evaluated by measuring serum enzymes levels and liver histological examination. The compositions of bile acids (BAs) in the bile, liver, and plasma were measured by LC-MS/MS, followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminate Analysis (PLS-DA). Additionally, gene and protein expressions of BA efflux transporters, bile salt export pump (Bsep) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), were examined to investigate the underlying mechanisms. After 14-day administration, mild inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver was observed in the physcion- and PMR-treated groups, while it was found in all the treated groups after 28-day treatment. Physcion and PMR extract induced hepatic BA accumulation after 14-day treatment, but such accumulation was attenuated after 28-day treatment. Based on the PLS-DA results, physcion- and PMR-treated groups were partially overlapping and both groups showed a clear separation with the control group in the mouse liver. The expression of Bsep and Mrp2 in the physcion- and PMR-treated mouse liver was decreased after 14-day treatment, while the downregulation was abrogated after 28-day treatment. Our study, for the first time, demonstrated that both PMR extract and tested anthraquinones could alter the disposition of either the total or individual BAs in the mouse bile, liver, and plasma via regulating the BA efflux transporters and induce liver injury, which provide a theoretical basis for the quality control and safe use of PMR in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Minhong Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luqin Si
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiangeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Song Y, Yang J, Wang X, Chen J, Si D, Gao H, Sun M, Cheng X, Wei F, Ma S. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of trans-emodin dianthrones in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115123. [PMID: 35183691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) is a common traditional Chinese medicine with diverse biological activities of resolving toxins, nourishing livers and promoting hairs. Nevertheless, in recent years hepatotoxic adverse reactions caused by the administration of PM have raised worldwide concerns. In our previous study, we found that emodin dianthrones showed hepatotoxicity and may be potential toxicity markers. However, the metabolic transformation and pharmacokinetic behavior of emodin dianthrones in vivo have still not been elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY Taking trans-emodin dianthrones (TED) as an example, the present study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of TED in rats and characterized its metabolic transformation in the plasma, urine and feces of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rapid and sensitive UPLC-qqq-MS/MS method was developed for accurate quantification of TED in plasma and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic evaluation of TED in rats after intravenous and oral administration. A reliable UFLC-Q-TOF-MS high resolution mass spectrometry combined with a scientific metabolite identification strategy was used to comprehensively characterize the metabolic transformation of TED in plasma, urine and feces in rats. RESULTS The established UPLC-qqq-MS/MS method had a linear range of 1-500 ng/mL, and the method was accurate and reliable to meet the quantitative requirements. When 20 mg/kg TED was given by gavage rats, it was rapidly absorbed into the circulatory system and had a long half-life time of 6.44 h and wide tissue distribution in vivo. While intravenous injection of 0.4 mg/kg TED in rats, it was rapidly metabolized and eliminated with a half-life time of 1.82 h. The oral absorption bioavailability of TED was only 2.83%. Furthermore with a sensitive UFLC-Q-TOF-MS technique and metabolite identification strategy, 21 metabolites were successfully identified, including 11 in plasma, 12 in urine and 18 in feces. The main Ⅰ and Ⅱ phase metabolic processes involved glucuronidation, oxidation, carbonylation, (de)methylation, sulfation and hydrogenation. CONCLUSION TED could be rapidly absorbed into the blood circulation and widely distributed and slowly metabolized in the body and underwent extensive cleavage and metabolic transformation in vivo. The study provided a basis for in-depth elucidation of the toxicology and mechanism research of TED, but also laid the foundation for further research on the material basis of hepatotoxicity of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China; Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xueting Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Junmiao Chen
- SCIEX China, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Dandan Si
- SCIEX China, Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Huiyu Gao
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Mingyi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xianlong Cheng
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Feng Wei
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China; Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Ultrasonic Solvent Extraction Followed by Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction (d-SPE) Cleanup for the Simultaneous Determination of Five Anthraquinones in Polygonum multiflorum by UHPLC-PDA. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030386. [PMID: 35159536 PMCID: PMC8834015 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and effective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method was developed for the determination of five anthraquinones (emodin, physcion, aloe-emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol) in Polygonum multiflorum. The target compounds were ultrasonically extracted with 70% methanol, followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) with HC-C18 and desorption with acetonitrile. The five anthraquinones were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC® HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) and detected by a photodiode array detector (PDA) at 254 nm. Under the optimized conditions, linear relationships were achieved in the range of 0.3~100 mg/L for emodin, 0.3~40 mg/L for physcion, 0.1~20 mg/L for aloe-emodin, and 0.05~20 mg/L for rhein and chrysophanol. The limits of detection of the five analytes ranged from 0.01 to 0.08 mg/L, and the recoveries were within the range of 82.8~118.4% with an RSD (n = 6) of 1.0~10.3%. The intra-day and inter-day precision (n = 5) of the five targets were in the range of 1.0~1.8% and 3.0~3.1%, respectively. Furthermore, this method was applied to analyses of Polygonum multiflorum samples collected from different regions in China with satisfactory results. All the results indicated that this method is suitable for the detection of five anthraquinones in Polygonum multiflorum.
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10
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Identification of Constituents and Exploring the Mechanism for Toutongning Capsule in the Treatment of Migraine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5528845. [PMID: 35075364 PMCID: PMC8783712 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5528845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Toutongning capsule (TTNC) is an effective and safe traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of migraine. In this present study, a multiscale strategy was used to systematically investigate the mechanism of TTNC in treating migraine, which contained UPLC-UESI-Q Exactive Focus network pharmacology and experimental verification. First, 88 compounds were identified by the UPLC-UESI-Q Exactive Focus method for TTNC. Then, the target fishing for these compounds was performed by means of an efficient drug similarity search tool. Third, a series of network pharmacology experiments were performed to predict the key compounds, targets, and pathways. They were protein-protein interaction (PPI), KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and herbs-compounds-targets-pathways (H-C-T-P) network construction. As a result, 18 potential key compounds, 20 potential key targets, and 6 potential signaling pathways were obtained for TTNC in treatment with migraine. Finally, molecular docking and experimental were carried out to verify the key targets. In short, the results showed that TTNC is able to treat migraine through multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways. This work may provide a theoretical basis for further research on the molecular mechanism of TTNC in the treatment of migraine.
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Hu YH, Quan ZY, Li DK, Wang CY, Sun ZX. Inhibition of CYP3A4 enhances aloe-emodin induced hepatocyte injury. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105276. [PMID: 34875353 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aloe-emodin (AE) is a natural hydroxyanthraquinone derivative that was found in many medicinal plants and ethnic medicines. AE showed a wide array of pharmacological activities including anticancer, antifungal, laxative, antiviral, and antibacterial effects. However, increasing number of published studies have shown that AE may have some hepatotoxicity effects but the mechanism is not fully understood. Studies have shown that the liver injury induced by some free hydroxyanthraquinone compounds is associated with the inhibition of some metabolic enzymes. In this study, the CYP3A4 and CYP3A1 were found to be the main metabolic enzymes of AE in human and rat liver microsomes respectively. And AE was metabolized by liver microsomes to produce hydroxyl metabolites and rhein. When CYP3A4 was knocked down in L02 and HepaRG cells, the cytotoxicity of AE was increased significantly. Furthermore, AE increased the rates of apoptosis of L02 and HepaRG cells, accompanied by Ca2+ elevation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. The mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1 in L02 and HepaRG cells increased significantly in the high-dose of AE (40 μmol/L) group, and the mRNA expression of quinone oxidoreductase-1 was activated by AE in all concentrations. Taken together, the inhibition of CYP3A4 enhances the hepatocyte injury of AE. AE can induce mitochondrial injury and the imbalance of oxidative stress of hepatocytes, which results in hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Huan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Quan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Deng-Ke Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhen-Xiao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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12
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Bo R, Wu J, Wu J, Bai L, Ye M, Huang L, Chen H, Rui W. Rapid analysis and identification of dianthrone glycosides in Polygoni Multiflori Caulis based on enrichment of macroporous absorbent resin and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:1082-1101. [PMID: 33928688 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polygoni Multiflori Caulis (PMC) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for a long time in China. However, hepatotoxic events of PMC have been reported in recent years, but the potential toxic compounds have remained unclear. Dianthrones as the secondary plant metabolites were revealed to potential hepatotoxicity in a previous study. However, no reports focused on dianthrones in PMC. OBJECTIVE In the quest for exploring potential hepatotoxic compounds in PMC, the aim of this work was to undertake a comprehensive characterisation of dianthrones in PMC. METHODS A simple and effective macroporous absorbent resin column chromatography method was established in this study to enrich the minor dianthrones from PMC extracts. Exploration and characterisation of dianthrones in PMC was conducted by an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) method and information dependent acquisition (IDA) mode. The aglycones of dianthrone glycosides were further verified by acid hydrolysis method. RESULTS Seventy-two dianthrone glycosides and their five aglycones were discovered and tentatively characterised in PMC for the first time, of which 29 dianthrones were identified as potential new compounds. Dianthrone glycosides could be classified into three types according to their aglycone structures, and their fragmentation pathway rules and diagnosed ions were also summarised comprehensively. CONCLUSION This was the first comprehensive investigation on dianthrones in PMC. The result would help to fully understand the phytochemical constituents and toxic components in PMC, and highlight the need for further toxicological investigations of the dianthrones in PMC due to their potential hepatotoxicity correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bo
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiacai Wu
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lisha Bai
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Ye
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Li Huang
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wen Rui
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Xing Y, Yan Z, Li Y, Teka T, Pan G, Dou Z, Gao X, He J, Han L. An effective strategy for distinguishing the processing degree of Polygonum multiflorum based on the analysis of substance and taste by LC-MS, ICP-OES and electronic tongue. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114328. [PMID: 34418675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of raw and processed products of Polygonum multiflorum (PM) varies greatly. "Nine cycles of steaming and sunning" (NCSS) is recognized as an effective technology in enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity for PM. In this paper, PM was prepared differently into three groups (including group R, M, and "9"), which represent raw PM, PM processed using the method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) and PM processed using traditional NCSS, respectively. The purpose is to establish an effective method to distinguish raw PM from different processed products and highlight the rationality of processing technology. The main organic compounds that could distinguish these three groups of samples were identified by in-depth mining of mass spectral information and various chemometric methods. Level of related metal cations have been quantified and used as another important distinguishing markers. The electronic tongue was utilized to determine the taste traits of aqueous extract from PM. Furthermore, the material basis that caused the difference in taste was discovered according to correlation analysis. In detail, saltiness has the most important contribution associated with the concentrations of K+ and Na+, however, bitterness and astringency were mainly associated with the contents of epicatechin gallate, catechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2 and epicatechin. This study proposed a novel and effective strategy for identification of processing technology of PM. It lays the foundation for clarifying the modern scientific recommendations of processing technology to PM. On the other hand, it also provides a reference for related researches on other traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Zhe Yan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Jincheng Street 68, East Lake Hi-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Yuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Tekleab Teka
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Second Affiliated hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300250, PR China
| | - Zhiying Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jing He
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Jincheng Street 68, East Lake Hi-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, PR China.
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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Separation of three flavonoid glycosides from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. leaves using HSCCC and their antioxidant activities. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Liu W, Cheng X, Kang R, Wang Y, Guo X, Jing W, Wei F, Ma S. Systematic Characterization and Identification of Saikosaponins in Extracts From Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum Using UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS. Front Chem 2021; 9:747987. [PMID: 34660539 PMCID: PMC8514958 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.747987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponins comprise a large group of chemical components present in the Bupleurum species that have attracted attention in the field of medicine because of their significant biological activities. Due to the high polarity, structural similarity, and the presence of several isomers of this class of components, their structural identification is extremely challenging. In this study, the mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways, UV spectral features, and chromatographic behavior of different types of saikosaponins were investigated using 24 standard substances. Saikosaponins containing carbonyl groups (C=O) in the aglycone produced fragment ions by loss of 30 Da, and in addition, type IV saikosaponins could produce [aglycone−CH2OH−OH−H]− and [aglycone−H2O−H]− fragment ions through neutral losses at positions C16 and C17. The above characteristic ions can be used to identify saikosaponins. More notably, the identification process of saikosaponins was systematically summarized, and using this method, 109 saikosaponins were identified or tentatively characterized from the saikosaponins extract of Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum (BMS) using UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS with both data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) modes, of which 25 were new compounds and 60 were first discovered from BMS. Further studies revealed that the saikosaponins profiles of BMS, Bupleurum chinense DC (BC), and Bupleurum marginatum Wall. ex DC (BMW) were very similar. This work is of great significance for the basic research of the Bupleurum species and provides strong technical support to solve the resource problems associated with Radix Bupleuri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Xianlong Cheng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Kang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yadan Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Guo
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Wenguang Jing
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
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Maia M, Figueiredo A, Cordeiro C, Sousa Silva M. FT-ICR-MS-based metabolomics: A deep dive into plant metabolism. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021. [PMID: 34545595 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics involves the identification and quantification of metabolites to unravel the chemical footprints behind cellular regulatory processes and to decipher metabolic networks, opening new insights to understand the correlation between genes and metabolites. In plants, it is estimated the existence of hundreds of thousands of metabolites and the majority is still unknown. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) is a powerful analytical technique to tackle such challenges. The resolving power and sensitivity of this ultrahigh mass accuracy mass analyzer is such that a complex mixture, such as plant extracts, can be analyzed and thousands of metabolite signals can be detected simultaneously and distinguished based on the naturally abundant elemental isotopes. In this review, FT-ICR-MS-based plant metabolomics studies are described, emphasizing FT-ICR-MS increasing applications in plant science through targeted and untargeted approaches, allowing for a better understanding of plant development, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and the discovery of new natural nutraceutical compounds. Improved metabolite extraction protocols compatible with FT-ICR-MS, metabolite analysis methods and metabolite identification platforms are also explored as well as new in silico approaches. Most recent advances in MS imaging are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Maia
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab (GPS Lab), Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab (GPS Lab), Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Yang JB, Song YF, Liu Y, Gao HY, Wang Q, Wang Y, Cheng XL, Zuo TT, Hu XW, Wei F, Jin HT, Wang ST, Ma SC. UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS assay for the quantification of dianthrones as potential toxic markers of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb: applications for the standardization of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with endogenous toxicity. Chin Med 2021; 16:51. [PMID: 34217329 PMCID: PMC8254911 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The raw and processed roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PM) are commonly used in clinical practice to treat diverse diseases; however, reports of hepatotoxicity induced by Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP) have emerged worldwide. Thus, it is necessary for researchers to explore methods to improve quality standards to ensure their quality and treatment effects. METHODS In the present study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS) method was optimized and validated for the determination of dianthrones in PMR and PMRP using bianthronyl as the internal standard. Chromatographic separation with a gradient mobile phase [A: acetonitrile and B: water containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v)] at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min was achieved on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.8 μm). The triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS) was operated in negative ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring for the quantitative analysis of six dianthrones. Moreover, compounds 5 and 6 were further evaluated for their cytotoxicity in HepaRG cells by CCK-8 assay. RESULTS The UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS method was first developed to simultaneously determine six dianthrones in PMR and PMRP, namely, polygonumnolides C1-C4 (1-4), trans-emodin dianthrones (5), and cis-emodin dianthrones (6). The contents of 1-6 in 90 batches of PMR were in the ranges of 0.027-19.04, 0.022-13.86, 0.073-15.53, 0.034-23.35, 0.38-83.67 and 0.29-67.00 µg/g, respectively. The contents of 1-6 in 86 batches of commercial PMRP were in the ranges of 0.020-13.03, 0.051-8.94, 0.022-7.23, 0.030-12.75, 0.098-28.54 and 0.14-27.79 µg/g, respectively. Compounds 1-4 were almost completely eliminated after reasonable processing for 24 h and the contents of compounds 5 and 6 significantly decreased. Additionally, compounds 5 and 6 showed inhibitory activity in HepaRG cells with IC50 values of 10.98 and 15.45 μM, respectively. Furthermore, a systematic five-step strategy to standardize TCMs with endogenous toxicity was proposed for the first time, which involved the establishment of determination methods, the identification of potentially toxic markers, the standardization of processing methods, the development of limit standards and a risk-benefit assessment. CONCLUSION The results of the cytotoxicity evaluation of the dianthrones indicated that trans-emodin dianthrones (5) and cis-emodin dianthrones (6) could be selected as toxic markers of PMRP. Taking PMR and PMRP as examples, we hope this study provides insight into the standardization and internationalization of endogenous toxic TCMs, with the main purpose of improving public health by scientifically using TCMs to treat diverse complex diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Yang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yun-Fei Song
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hui-Yu Gao
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zuo
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xiao-Wen Hu
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Hong-Tao Jin
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shu-Ting Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Teka T, Wang L, Gao J, Mou J, Pan G, Yu H, Gao X, Han L. Polygonum multiflorum: Recent updates on newly isolated compounds, potential hepatotoxic compounds and their mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113864. [PMID: 33485980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.(PM), (known as Heshouwu () in China) is one of the most important and well mentioned Chinese medicinal herbs in the literature for its use in blackening hair, nourishing liver and kidney, anti-aging, anti-hyperlipidemia, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotection, cardio-protection and improving age-related cognitive dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive and recent update on PM: new compounds or isolated for the first time, potential hepatotoxic compounds and their mechanisms. Moreover, future perspectives and challenges in the future study of this plant are conversed which will make a new base for further study on PM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive review of relevant published literature on PM using the scientific databases SCOPUS, PubMed, and Science Direct was done. RESULTS PM is broadly produced in many provinces of China and well known in other Eastern Asian Countries for its ethno-medical uses. Previous phytochemical investigation of PM had led to the isolation of more than 175 compounds including recently isolated 70 new compounds. Most of the new compounds isolated after 2015 are majorly dianthrone glycosides and stilbene glycosides. Processing has also a significant effect on chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of PM. PM-induced liver injury is increasing after the first report in Hong Kong in 1996. Hepatotoxicity of PM was constantly reported in Japan, Korea, China, Australia, Britain, Italy, and other countries although its toxicity is related to idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. More interestingly, although there is indispensable interest to predict idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM and understand its mechanisms, the responsible hepatotoxic compounds and mechanisms of liver damage induced by PM are still not clear. There is a big controversy on the identification of the most responsible constituent. Anthraquinone and stilbene compounds in PM, mainly emodine and TSG are mentioned in the literature to be the main responsible hepatotoxic compounds. However, comparing the two compounds, which one is the more critical toxic agent for PM-induced hepatotoxicity is not well answered. Affecting different physiological and metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle pathway, metabolic pathways, bile acid excretion pathway and genetic polymorphisms are among the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity of PM. CONCLUSION Deeper and effective high throughput experimental studies are still research hotspots to know the most responsible constituent and the mechanism of PM-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekleab Teka
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P. O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Jiajia Mou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 69 Zengchan Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300250, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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Yang JB, Gao HY, Song YF, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Ma SC, Cheng XL, Wei F. Advances in Understanding the Metabolites and Metabolomics of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb: A Mini-review. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:165-172. [PMID: 33261537 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201201091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roots of Polygonum multiflorum (PM) are a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, widely used to treat a variety of conditions in Southeast Asia, South Korea, Japan and other countries. It is known that Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP) may enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of PM. However, reports of adverse reactions, such as hepatotoxicity, caused by PM or PMRP, have continuously appeared around the world, which increased the known risks of the medication and gradually gained the extensive attention of many researchers. The chemical constituents of PM that cause hepatotoxicity have not been distinctly elucidated using the traditional phytochemical screening. Recently, with the rapid development of metabolomics, there has been a growing need to explore the potential hepatotoxic components and mechanisms of PM. METHODS The metabolites and metabolomics of PM were searched by the Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar and some Chinese literature databases. RESULTS A brief description of metabolites and metabolomics of PM is followed by a discussion on the metabolite- induced toxicity in this review. More than 100 metabolites were tentatively identified and this will contribute to further understanding of the potential hepatotoxic components of PM. Meanwhile, some toxic compounds were identified and could be used as potential toxic markers of PM. CONCLUSION This review mainly outlines the metabolites and metabolomics of PM that have been identified in recent years. This study could help to clarify the potential hepatotoxic components and metabolic mechanisms of PM and provide a scientific reference for its safe clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Yang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui-Yu Gao
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yun-Fei Song
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
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Li X, Liu J, Chang Q, Zhou Z, Han R, Liang Z. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Proanthocyanidins from Fagopyrum dibotrys. Molecules 2021; 26:2417. [PMID: 33919259 PMCID: PMC8122523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are natural glycosidase inhibitors with excellent antioxidant activity. This study aims to search for a new source of proanthocyanidins for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes with higher content and better activity and get their structure elucidated. First, the total proanthocyanidins contents (TOPCs), antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity of seven common Polygonaceae plants were analyzed and compared. Then proanthocyanidins from the rhizome of Fagopyrum dibotrys were purified, and the detailed structure was comprehensively analyzed by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-MS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The rhizome of F. dibotrys showed the highest TOPCs, the strongest antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities; the TOPCs, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities were all very significantly positively correlated. Proanthocyanidins purified from the rhizome of F. dibotrys showed better antidiabetic activity than grape seed proanthocyanidins (GsPs). Seventy-two proanthocyanidins from trimer to undecamer with a mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of about 5.02 ± 0.21 were identified with catechin and epicatechin as the dominant monomers. Conclusion: Proanthocyanidins are the main antioxidant and antidiabetic active substances of F. dibotrys and are expected to be developed into potential antioxidant and hypoglycemic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jingling Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qinxiang Chang
- Institute of Landscape, Taiyuan University, Taiyuan 030032, China;
| | - Ziyun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ruilian Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism Regulation, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism Regulation, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
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21
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Rao T, Liu YT, Zeng XC, Li CP, Ou-Yang DS. The hepatotoxicity of Polygonum multiflorum: The emerging role of the immune-mediated liver injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:27-35. [PMID: 32123300 PMCID: PMC7921551 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal and dietary supplements (HDS)-induced liver injury has been a great concern all over the world. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., a well-known Chinese herbal medicine, is recently drawn increasing attention because of its hepatotoxicity. According to the clinical and experimental studies, P. multiflorum-induced liver injury (PM-DILI) is considered to be immune-mediated idiosyncratic liver injury, but the role of immune response and the underlying mechanisms are not completely elucidated. Previous studies focused on the direct toxicity of PM-DILI by using animal models with intrinsic drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, most epidemiological and clinical evidence demonstrate that PM-DILI is immune-mediated idiosyncratic liver injury. The aim of this review is to assess current epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence about the possible role of innate and adaptive immunity in the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of P. multiflorum. The potential effects of factors associated with immune tolerance, including immune checkpoint molecules and regulatory immune cells on the individual's susceptibility to PM-DILI are also discussed. We conclude by giving our hypothesis of possible immune mechanisms of PM-DILI and providing suggestions for future studies on valuable biomarkers identification and proper immune models establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Ya-Ting Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiang-Chang Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chao-Peng Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Ou-Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, 410205, China.
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22
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Chen Z, Ye SY, Zhu RG. The extraordinary transformation of traditional Chinese medicine: processing with liquid excipients. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:561-573. [PMID: 32615903 PMCID: PMC8641677 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1778740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Context: The Chinese medicinal materials originate from animals, plants, or minerals must undergo appropriate treatment before use as decoction pieces. Processing of Chinese medicines with liquid excipients is a pharmaceutical technique that transforms medicinal raw materials into decoction pieces which are significantly different from the original form. During processing, significant changes occur in chemical constituents, which inevitably affects clinical efficacy. At present, the liquid materials in processing mainly involve wine, vinegar, honey, saline water, ginger juice, herbal juice, etc.Objective: This review introduces the typical methods of liquid excipients processing, summarizes the influence on chemical composition, pharmacological efficacy, and expounds the ways and mechanisms of liquid excipients to change the properties of drugs, enhance the efficacy, eliminate or reduce toxicity and adverse reaction.Methods: English and Chinese literature from 1986 to 2020 was collected from databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015, and CNKI (Chinese). Liquid excipients, processing, pharmacological effects, synergism, chemical constitution, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were used as the key words.Results: Liquid excipients play a key role in the application of TCM. Processing with proper liquid excipients can change the content of toxic or active components by physical or chemical transformation, decrease or increase drug dissolution, alter drug pharmacokinetics, or exert their own pharmacological effects. Thus, processing with liquid excipients is essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of TCM in clinic.Conclusion: This article could be helpful for researchers who are interested in traditional Chinese herbs processed with liquid excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, China
- CONTACT Zhi Chen College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, China
| | - Si-Yong Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Rong-Gang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
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23
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Advances in the Study of the Potential Hepatotoxic Components and Mechanism of Polygonum multiflorum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6489648. [PMID: 33062019 PMCID: PMC7545463 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6489648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The roots of Polygonum multiflorum (PM) (He Shou Wu in Chinese) are one of the most commonly used tonic traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in China. PM is traditionally valued for its antiaging, liver- and kidney-tonifying, and hair-blackening effects. However, an increasing number of hepatotoxicity cases induced by PM attract the attention of scholars worldwide. Thus far, the potential liver injury compounds and the mechanism are still uncertain. The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the potential hepatotoxic components and mechanism of PM based on the scientific literature. Moreover, perspectives for future investigations of hepatotoxic components are discussed. This study will build a new foundation for further study on the hepatotoxic components and mechanism of PM.
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Li HY, Yang JB, Li WF, Qiu CX, Hu G, Wang ST, Song YF, Gao HY, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Cheng XL, Wei F, Jin HT, Ma SC. In vivo hepatotoxicity screening of different extracts, components, and constituents of Polygoni Multiflori Thunb. in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110524. [PMID: 33152900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) is a traditional Chinese medicine, commonly used to treat a variety of diseases. However, the hepatotoxicity associated with PM hampers its clinical application and development. In this study, we refined the zebrafish hepatotoxicity model with regard to the following endpoints: liver size, liver gray value, and the area of yolk sac. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, albumin, and microRNAs-122 were evaluated to verify the model. Subsequently, this model was used to screen different extracts, components, and constituents of PM, including 70 % EtOH extracts of PM, four fractions from macroporous resin (components A, B, C, and D), and 19 compounds from component D. We found that emodin, chrysophanol, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (cis)-emodin-emodin dianthrones, and (trans)-emodin-emodin dianthrones showed higher hepatotoxicity compared to other components in PM, whereas polyphenols showed lower hepatotoxicity. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to identify that dianthrones may account for the hepatotoxicity of PM. We believe that these findings will be helpful in regulating the hepatotoxicity of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Li
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jian-Bo Yang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wan-Fang Li
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Cai-Xia Qiu
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guang Hu
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shu-Ting Wang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yun-Fei Song
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hui-Yu Gao
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong-Tao Jin
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
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25
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Yang JB, Sun H, Ma J, Song YF, Liu Y, Wang Q, Ma SC, Cheng XL, Wei F. New phenolic constituents obtained from Polygonum multiflorum. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2020; 12:342-346. [PMID: 36119015 PMCID: PMC9476381 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To isolate the phenolic compounds obtained from the dried roots of Polygonum multiflorum and investigate their pharmacological activities. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combining them with a macroporous resin (DM-8), MCI gel, and Sephadex LH-20 and by performing ODS column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analyses, as well as mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were evaluated to determine their hepatoprotective and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro. Results Two phenolic compounds, namely, polygonimitin E (1) and polygonimitin F (2), were isolated from the dried roots of P. multiflorum. Compound 2 (10 µmol/L) only showed moderate hepatoprotective activity against N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced HepG2 cell damage. Unfortunately, these two compounds exhibited no α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds. Compound 2 could be one of the potential hepatoprotective constituents of P. multiflorum.
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