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Wang H, Zhang L, Li X, Sun M, Jiang M, Shi X, Xu X, Ding M, Chen B, Yu H, Li Z, Guo D, Yang W. Machine learning prediction for constructing a universal multidimensional information library of Panax saponins (ginsenosides). Food Chem 2024; 439:138106. [PMID: 38056336 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate characterization of Panax herb ginsenosides is challenging because of the isomers and lack of sufficient reference compounds. More structural information could help differentiate ginsenosides and their isomers, enabling more accurate identification. Based on the VionTM ion-mobility high-resolution LC-MS platform, a multidimensional information library for ginsenosides, namely GinMIL, was established by predicting retention time (tR) and collision cross section (CCS) through machine learning. Robustness validation experiments proved tR and CCS were suitable for database construction. Among three machine learning models we attempted, gradient boosting machine (GBM) exhibited the best prediction performance. GinMIL included the multidimensional information (m/z, molecular formula, tR, CCS, and some MS/MS fragments) for 579 known ginsenosides. Accuracy in identifying ginsenosides from diverse ginseng products was greatly improved by a unique LC-MS approach and searching GinMIL, demonstrating a universal Panax saponins library constructed based on hierarchical design. GinMIL could improve the accuracy of isomers identification by approximately 88%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaohang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mengxiao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meiting Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, 850 Yale West Campus, West Haven CT 06516, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mengxiang Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Boxue Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Heshui Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zheng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dean Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Song XC, Canellas E, Dreolin N, Goshawk J, Lv M, Qu G, Nerin C, Jiang G. Application of Ion Mobility Spectrometry and the Derived Collision Cross Section in the Analysis of Environmental Organic Micropollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21485-21502. [PMID: 38091506 PMCID: PMC10753811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a rapid gas-phase separation technique, which can distinguish ions on the basis of their size, shape, and charge. The IMS-derived collision cross section (CCS) can serve as additional identification evidence for the screening of environmental organic micropollutants (OMPs). In this work, we summarize the published experimental CCS values of environmental OMPs, introduce the current CCS prediction tools, summarize the use of IMS and CCS in the analysis of environmental OMPs, and finally discussed the benefits of IMS and CCS in environmental analysis. An up-to-date CCS compendium for environmental contaminants was produced by combining CCS databases and data sets of particular types of environmental OMPs, including pesticides, drugs, mycotoxins, steroids, plastic additives, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as well as their well-known transformation products. A total of 9407 experimental CCS values from 4170 OMPs were retrieved from 23 publications, which contain both drift tube CCS in nitrogen (DTCCSN2) and traveling wave CCS in nitrogen (TWCCSN2). A selection of publicly accessible and in-house CCS prediction tools were also investigated; the chemical space covered by the training set and the quality of CCS measurements seem to be vital factors affecting the CCS prediction accuracy. Then, the applications of IMS and the derived CCS in the screening of various OMPs were summarized, and the benefits of IMS and CCS, including increased peak capacity, the elimination of interfering ions, the separation of isomers, and the reduction of false positives and false negatives, were discussed in detail. With the improvement of the resolving power of IMS and enhancements of experimental CCS databases, the practicability of IMS in the analysis of environmental OMPs will continue to improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Chao Song
- School
of the Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research
I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, Maria de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Canellas
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research
I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, Maria de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nicola Dreolin
- Waters
Corporation, Stamford
Avenue, Altrincham Road, SK9 4AX Wilmslow, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff Goshawk
- Waters
Corporation, Stamford
Avenue, Altrincham Road, SK9 4AX Wilmslow, United Kingdom
| | - Meilin Lv
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of
Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819 Shenyang, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- School
of the Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Institute
of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Cristina Nerin
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research
I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, Maria de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guibin Jiang
- School
of the Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Institute
of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Abdulbagi M, Di B, Li B. Resolving D-Amino Acid Containing Peptides Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry: Challenges and Recent Developments. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37975700 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2282510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins having D-amino acids in their sequences are now believed to be widespread among different living organisms. Their significance is attributed to the diverse functions of these molecules, such as having a certain pathological implication or enhancing biological activity. Indeed, some peptide molecules with D-amino acids in their structure have already found their way to clinical use such as the antibacterial gramicidin and the antidiabetic nateglinide. Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) added an additional dimension of separation as it depends on ions mobility in the space, which is dependent on their shapes, and the shape depends on the orientation of atoms. Thus, D-amino acids containing peptides (DAACPs) will have different mobility and collision cross-section values than those with L-amino acids. Eventually, this will lead to baseline separation of the two peptides. Additionally, ion mobility can precisely locate the position of D-amino acids by analyzing the difference in the arrival times of the fragment ions. The importance of DAACPs, as well as the difficulties in discovering them, were addressed in this review. Similarly, we emphasized how recent developments in IM-MS have improved their detection and analysis. Consequently, the LC-IM-MS/MS platform appears to be promising in isomeric mixture analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdulbagi
- Center Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Di
- Center Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Center Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Tang W, Zhu SC, Tan XJ, Cao J, Ye LH. Chemometrics and antioxidant activity assisted nontargeted metabolomics for the identification of ginger species. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115546. [PMID: 37385094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was developed for the separation and identification of phenols, organic acids, flavonoids and curcumin in different species of ginger. The parameters affecting the separation and response of liquid chromatography, including the stationary phase and mobile phase, were systematically investigated and optimized. To further identify the differential metabolites in the six types of samples, a chemometric approach was introduced. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to identify the major components in the samples and to compare the compositional differences between the various samples. In addition, antioxidant experiments were designed to investigate the differences in antioxidant activity among the six ginger samples. The method showed good linearity (R2 ≥0.9903), satisfactory precision (RSD% ≤ 4.59 %), low LOD (0.35-25.86 ng/mL) and acceptable recovery (78-109 %) and reproducibility (RSD% ≤ 4.20 %). Therefore, the method has great potential for application in the compositional analysis and quality control of ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Tang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Si-Chen Zhu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jing Tan
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Li-Hong Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, PR China.
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Girard MFC, Knight P, Hopfgartner G. Vacuum differential mobility spectrometry combined with column-switching liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry for the analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in tea samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464174. [PMID: 37348223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The benefit of combining liquid chromatography (LC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and vacuum Differential Mobility Spectrometry - Mass Spectrometry (vDMS-MS) was investigated for the analysis of fourteen diastereomeric pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA); intermedine, echinatine, lycopsamine, indicine, intermedine-N-oxide, echinatine-N-oxide, indicine-N-oxide, lycopsamine-N-oxide, senecivernine, senecionine, jacobine, senecivernine-N-oxide, senecionine-N-oxide, retrorsine. The mobile phase composition (15-100% MeOH and ACN), flow rate (8-100 µL/min), vDMS cell pressure, and F value showed an effect on the mobility behavior of the analytes. At 15% MeOH with a flow rate of 100 µL/min and 33 mbar vDMS pressure, 8 out 14 PA could be partially or totally separated by vDMS-MS. As well as providing an additional separation dimension vDMS improved the selectivity and a 5-minute assay method was developed for the quantification of 10 out of 14 single diastereomeric PA in tea samples, using a short LC column-switching and hyphenated to vDMS-MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. The performance of the method was found to be comparable with a 12-minute standard LC-MS/MS method using detection in the selected reaction monitoring mode. Additionally, the combination of vDMS and SFC-MS was investigated and suggests that the mixture of CO2/MeOH influences the CV shifting of the PA to more negative compensation voltage, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by a factor of three compared to SFC-MS without vDMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Cifuentes Girard
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Knight
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, UK
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Afifi SM, Gök R, Eikenberg I, Krygier D, Rottmann E, Stübler AS, Aganovic K, Hillebrand S, Esatbeyoglu T. Comparative flavonoid profile of orange ( Citrus sinensis) flavedo and albedo extracted by conventional and emerging techniques using UPLC-IMS-MS, chemometrics and antioxidant effects. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1158473. [PMID: 37346911 PMCID: PMC10279959 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1158473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Citrus fruits are one of the most frequently counterfeited processed products in the world. In the juice production alone, the peels, divided into flavedo and albedo, are the main waste product. The extracts of this by-product are enriched with many bioactive substances. Newer extraction techniques generally have milder extraction conditions with simultaneous improvement of the extraction process. Methods This study presents a combinatorial approach utilizing data-independent acquisition-based ion mobility spectrometry coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Integrating orthogonal collision cross section (CCS) data matching simultaneously improves the confidence in metabolite identification in flavedo and albedo tissues from Citrus sinensis. Furthermore, four different extraction approaches [conventional, ultrasonic, High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) and Pulsed Electric Field (PEF)] with various optimized processing conditions were compared in terms of antioxidant effects and flavonoid profile particularly polymethoxy flavones (PMFs). Results A total number of 57 metabolites were identified, 15 of which were present in both flavedo and albedo, forming a good qualitative overlapping of distributed flavonoids. For flavedo samples, the antioxidant activity was higher for PEF and HHP treated samples compared to other extraction methods. However, ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest antioxidant effects in albedo samples attributed to different qualitative composition content rather than various quantities of same metabolites. The optimum processing conditions for albedo extraction using HHP and PEF were 200 MPa and 15 kJ/kg at 10 kV, respectively. While, HHP at medium pressure (400 MPa) and PEF at 15 kJ/kg/3 kV were the optimum conditions for flavedo extraction. Conclusion Chemometric analysis of the dataset indicated that orange flavedo can be a valid source of soluble phenolic compounds especially PMFs. In order to achieve cross-application of production, future study should concentrate on how citrus PMFs correlate with biological engineering techniques such as breeding, genetic engineering, and fermentation engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M. Afifi
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Recep Gök
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Krygier
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Kemal Aganovic
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | | | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Mustapa MA, Guswenrivo I, Zurohtun A, Khairul Ikram NK, Muchtaridi M. Analysis of Essential Oils Components from Aromatic Plants Using Headspace Repellent Method against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114269. [PMID: 37298745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This research serves as the basis for developing essential oil-based repellent activity tests against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The method used for the isolation of essential oils was the steam distillation method. Virus-free Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were used as test animals by applying the 10% essential oil repellent on the arms of volunteers. The analysis of the essential oils activities and aromas' components was carried out using headspace repellent and GC-MS methods. Based on the results, the yields of essential oil from 5000 g samples for cinnamon bark, clove flowers, patchouli, nutmeg seed, lemongrass, citronella grass, and turmeric rhizome were 1.9%, 16%, 2.2%, 16.8%, 0.9%, 1.4%, and 6.8%, respectively. The activity test showed that the average repellent power of 10% essential oils, patchouli, cinnamon, nutmeg, turmeric, clove flowers, citronella grass, and lemongrass, was 95.2%, 83.8%, 71.4%, 94.7%, 71.4%, 80.4%, and 85%, respectively. Patchouli and cinnamon had the best average repellent power. Meanwhile, the aroma activities showed that the average repellent power of the patchouli oil was 96%, and the cinnamon oil was 94%. From the GC-MS analysis, nine components were identified in the patchouli essential oil aromas' with the highest concentration being patchouli alcohol (42.7%), Azulene, 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-, [1S-(1α,7α,8aβ)] (10.8%), α-guaiene (9.22%), and seychellene (8.19%)., whereas using the GC-MS headspace repellent method showed that there were seven components identified in the patchouli essential oil aroma with a high concentration of the components, which were patchouli alcohol (52.5%), Seychellene (5.2%), and α-guaiene (5.2%). The analysis results of cinnamon essential oil using the GC-MS method showed that there were five components identified in the aroma, with E-cinnamaldehyde (73%) being the highest component, whereas using the GC-MS headspace repellent method showed that there were five components identified in the aroma, with highest concentrations of cinnamaldehyde (86.1%). It can be concluded that the chemical compounds contained in patchouli and cinnamon bark have the potential to be environmentally friendly repellents in controlling and preventing Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Adam Mustapa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sports and Health, Gorontalo State University, Gorontalo 96211, Indonesia
| | - Ikhsan Guswenrivo
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environmemt, National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Ade Zurohtun
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
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Mafata M, Stander M, Masike K, Buica A. Exploratory data fusion of untargeted multimodal LC-HRMS with annotation by LCMS-TOF-ion mobility: White wine case study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2023; 29:111-122. [PMID: 36942424 PMCID: PMC10068406 DOI: 10.1177/14690667231164096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Applied sciences have increased focus on omics studies which merge data science with analytical tools. These studies often result in large amounts of data produced and the objective is to generate meaningful interpretations from them. This can sometimes mean combining and integrating different datasets through data fusion techniques. The most strategic course of action when dealing with products of unknown profile is to use exploratory approaches. For omics, this means using untargeted analytical methods and exploratory data analysis techniques. The current study aimed to perform data fusion on untargeted multimodal (negative and positive mode) liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry data using multiple factor analysis. The data fusion results were interpreted using agglomerative hierarchical clustering on biplot projections. The study reduced the thousands of spectral signals processed to less than a hundred features (a primary parameter combination of retention time and mass-to-charge ratios, RT_m/z). The correlations between cluster members (samples and features from) were calculated and the top 10% highly correlated features were identified for each cluster. These features were then tentatively identified using secondary parameters (drift time, ion mobility constant and collision cross-section values) from the ion mobility spectra. These ion mobility (secondary) parameters can be used for future studies in wine chemical analysis and added to the growing list of annotated chemical signals in applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Mafata
- School for Data Science and Computational Thinking,
Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South
Africa
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, South African Grape and Wine
Research Institute, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South
Africa
| | - Maria Stander
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Keabetswe Masike
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Astrid Buica
- School for Data Science and Computational Thinking,
Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South
Africa
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, South African Grape and Wine
Research Institute, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South
Africa
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Lorensen MDBB, Hayat SY, Wellner N, Bjarnholt N, Janfelt C. Leaves of Cannabis sativa and their trichomes studied by DESI and MALDI mass spectrometry imaging for their contents of cannabinoids and flavonoids. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:269-279. [PMID: 36654257 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, industrial production of Cannabis sativa has increased due to increased demand of medicinal products based on the plant. In these medicinal products, it is mainly the contents of cannabinoids like THCA and CBDA which are of interest, but also the flavonoids of C. sativa have pharmaceutical interest. OBJECTIVES The primary aim is to study the distribution of the different cannabinoids in leaves of C. sativa and specifically to which extent they are located on the trichomes found on the surface of C. sativa leaves. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provide non-targeted imaging of numerous compounds in the same experiment. Therefore, the distribution of flavonoids is also mapped in the same experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fan leaves from C. sativa were imaged in the lateral dimension using direct DESI-MSI as well as indirect DESI-MSI via a porous PTFE surface using pixel sizes of 150-200 μm. For cross sections of sugar leaves, MALDI-MSI was performed at 20 μm pixel size. RESULTS From indirect DESI-MSI experiments, a connection was made between the cannabinoid CBGA and capitate-stalked trichomes. Other cannabinoids like THCA/CBDA (isomers, which are not resolved in an MSI experiment) were also detected in the capitate-stalked trichomes, but in addition to this also in the small glandular trichomes. MALDI-MSI experiments on cross sections of sugar leaves confirmed that the cannabinoids were not an integral part of the leaf tissue itself, but originated from the trichomes on the surface of the leaf. CONCLUSION The study provides visual evidence that the cannabinoids are produced and accumulated in the trichomes of C. sativa leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidra Yasmine Hayat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nanna Bjarnholt
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Mohammadi M, Khosravi S, Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Kamalabadi M, Ghasemzadeh-Mohammadi V, Afkhami A. Rapid determination of ampyra in urine samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with ion mobility spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 224:115185. [PMID: 36516725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Ampyra (AMP, 4-Aminopyridine) is a potassium channel blocker that attracts growing research interest due to its adverse effects at high doses. The fast analysis of AMP is challenging because it typically requires complex analytical techniques. In this research, we developed and validated a novel method to assess the fast and quantitative analysis of AMP from real samples. This method combines the strength of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for rapid detection and the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a fast and effective preconcentration method for the preconcentration/extraction of AMP. In this method, Ag nanoparticles were used as modifier agents. Moreover, the proposed mechanism for interaction of AMP with AgNPs was investigated based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis. Also, the sensitivity of the proposed method was improved through the application of a delay on the carrier gas flow after sample injection. Under the optimum conditions, the developed method detected AMP in the linear range of 0.4-16 μmol L-1 with a detection limit of 0.12 µmol L-1. Finally, the developed method was successfully employed to quantify AMP in urine samples. Method validation was performed by comparing our results with those obtained by HPLC-UV/Vis, confirming the applicability of the proposed method for the AMP analysis in real samples. The proposed method will open up a new door toward developing simple, fast, and effective analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Khosravi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdie Kamalabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | | | - Abbas Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
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11
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Meunier M, Bréard D, Awang K, Boisard S, Guilet D, Richomme P, Derbré S, Schinkovitz A. Matrix free laser desorption ionization assisted by 13C NMR dereplication: A complementary approach to LC-MS2 based chemometrics. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Liu L, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Mei Y, Li L, Liu H, Wang Z, Yang L. Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry for the Separation and Characterization of Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2023; 95:134-151. [PMID: 36625109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Longchan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Yuqi Mei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
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13
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Lima NM, Dos Santos GF, da Silva Lima G, Vaz BG. Advances in Mass Spectrometry-Metabolomics Based Approaches. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1439:101-122. [PMID: 37843807 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41741-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Highly selective and sensitive analytical techniques are necessary for microbial metabolomics due to the complexity of the microbial sample matrix. Hence, mass spectrometry (MS) has been successfully applied in microbial metabolomics due to its high precision, versatility, sensitivity, and wide dynamic range. The different analytical tools using MS have been employed in microbial metabolomics investigations and can contribute to the discovery or accelerate the search for bioactive substances. The coupling with chromatographic and electrophoretic separation techniques has resulted in more efficient technologies for the analysis of microbial compounds occurring in trace levels. This book chapter describes the current advances in the application of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the search for new biologically active agents from microbial sources; the development of new approaches for in silico annotation of natural products; the different technologies employing mass spectrometry imaging to deliver more comprehensive analysis and elucidate the metabolome involved in ecological interactions as they enable visualization of the spatial dispersion of small molecules. We also describe other ambient ionization techniques applied to the fingerprint of microbial natural products and modern techniques such as ion mobility mass spectrometry used to microbial metabolomic analyses and the dereplication of natural microbial products through MS.
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14
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Jariyasopit N, Limjiasahapong S, Kurilung A, Sartyoungkul S, Wisanpitayakorn P, Nuntasaen N, Kuhakarn C, Reutrakul V, Kittakoop P, Sirivatanauksorn Y, Khoomrung S. Traveling Wave Ion Mobility-Derived Collision Cross Section Database for Plant Specialized Metabolites: An Application to Ventilago harmandiana Pierre. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2481-2492. [PMID: 36154058 PMCID: PMC9552781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination of ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and chromatography is a valuable tool for identifying compounds in natural products. In this study, using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a high-resolution quadrupole/traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry/time-of-flight MS (UPLC-TWIMS-QTOF), we have established and validated a comprehensive TWCCSN2 and MS database for 112 plant specialized metabolites. The database included 15 compounds that were isolated and purified in-house and are not commercially available. We obtained accurate m/z, retention times, fragment ions, and TWIMS-derived CCS (TWCCSN2) values for 207 adducts (ESI+ and ESI-). The database included novel 158 TWCCSN2 values from 79 specialized metabolites. In the presence of plant matrix, the CCS measurement was reproducible and robust. Finally, we demonstrated the application of the database to extend the metabolite coverage of Ventilago harmandiana Pierre. In addition to pyranonaphthoquinones, a group of known specialized metabolites in V. harmandiana, we identified flavonoids, xanthone, naphthofuran, and protocatechuic acid for the first time through targeted analysis. Interestingly, further investigation using IM-MS of unknown features suggested the presence of organonitrogen compounds and lipid and lipid-like molecules, which is also reported for the first time. Data are available on the MassIVE (https://massive.ucsd.edu, data set identifier MSV000090213).
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumol Jariyasopit
- Metabolomics
and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj
Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty
of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Suphitcha Limjiasahapong
- Siriraj
Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty
of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Alongkorn Kurilung
- Metabolomics
and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sitanan Sartyoungkul
- Metabolomics
and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pattipong Wisanpitayakorn
- Metabolomics
and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj
Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty
of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Narong Nuntasaen
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Prasat Kittakoop
- Chulabhorn
Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Laksi,
Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Chulabhorn
Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn
- Siriraj
Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty
of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sakda Khoomrung
- Metabolomics
and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj
Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty
of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
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15
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Improved Analysis of Isomeric Polyphenol Dimers Using the 4th Dimension of Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry—Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134176. [PMID: 35807423 PMCID: PMC9268536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydrodicatechins resulting from (epi)catechin oxidation have been investigated in different foods and natural products, but they still offer some analytical challenges. The purpose of this research is to develop a method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with trapped ion mobility spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC−ESI−TIMS−QTOF−MS/MS) to improve the characterization of dehydrodicatechins from model solutions (oxidation dimers of (+)-catechin and/or (−)-epicatechin). Approximately 30 dehydrodicatechins were detected in the model solutions, including dehydrodicatechins B with β and ε-interflavanic configurations and dehydrodicatechins A with γ-configuration. A total of 11 dehydrodicatechins B, based on (−)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, or both, were tentatively identified in a grape seed extract. All of them were of β-configuration, except for one compound that was of ε-configuration. TIMS allowed the mobility separation of chromatographically coeluted isomers including dehydrodicatechins and procyanidins with similar MS/MS fragmentation patterns that would hardly be distinguished by LC-MS/MS alone, which demonstrates the superiority of TIMS added to LC-MS/MS for these kinds of compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) was applied to the analysis of dehydrodicatechins. This method can be adapted for other natural products.
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16
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te Brinke E, Arrizabalaga-Larrañaga A, Blokland MH. Insights of ion mobility spectrometry and its application on food safety and authenticity: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1222:340039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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17
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Hall RD, D'Auria JC, Silva Ferreira AC, Gibon Y, Kruszka D, Mishra P, van de Zedde R. High-throughput plant phenotyping: a role for metabolomics? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:549-563. [PMID: 35248492 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput (HTP) plant phenotyping approaches are developing rapidly and are already helping to bridge the genotype-phenotype gap. However, technologies should be developed beyond current physico-spectral evaluations to extend our analytical capacities to the subcellular level. Metabolites define and determine many key physiological and agronomic features in plants and an ability to integrate a metabolomics approach within current HTP phenotyping platforms has huge potential for added value. While key challenges remain on several fronts, novel technological innovations are upcoming yet under-exploited in a phenotyping context. In this review, we present an overview of the state of the art and how current limitations might be overcome to enable full integration of metabolomics approaches into a generic phenotyping pipeline in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hall
- BU Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - John C D'Auria
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK Gatersleben), Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Antonio C Silva Ferreira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of AgriSciences, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Cork Supply Portugal, S.A., Rua Nova do Fial, 4535, Portugal
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France; Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France PMB-Metabolome, INRAE, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle, Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Dariusz Kruszka
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Puneet Mishra
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick van de Zedde
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Zhang C, Liu M, Xu X, Wu J, Li X, Wang H, Gao X, Guo D, Tian X, Yang W. Application of Large-Scale Molecular Prediction for Creating the Preferred Precursor Ions List to Enhance the Identification of Ginsenosides from the Flower Buds of Panax ginseng. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5932-5944. [PMID: 35503923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to evaluate the coverage of data-dependent acquisition (DDA) extensively utilized in the untargeted metabolite/component identification in the food sciences and pharmaceutical analysis. Using saponins from the flower buds of Panax ginseng (PGF) as an example, precursor ions list (PIL)-including DDA on a Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometer could enable higher coverage than the other four MS2 acquisition approaches in characterizing PGF ginsenosides. A "Virtual Library of Ginsenoside" containing 13,536 ginsenoside molecules was established by C-language-programmed large-scale molecular prediction, which in combination with mass defect filtering could create a new PIL involving 1859 PGF saponin precursors. We could newly obtain the MS2 spectra of at least 17 components and characterize 36 ginsenosides with unknown masses, among the 164 compounds identified from PGF. Conclusively, a molecular-prediction-oriented PIL in DDA can assist to discover more potentially novel molecules benefiting to the development of functional foods and new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Shanghai Standard Technology Co., Ltd., 58 Xinhao Road, Shanghai 201314, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dean Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
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19
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Meng X, Xing J, Liu S, Liu Z, Song F. Comprehensive chemical profiling and potential chemical marker’s evaluation of Tribulus terrestris by UPLC-QTOF-MS in combination with ion mobility spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 217:114839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Carnevale Neto F, Clark TN, Lopes NP, Linington RG. Evaluation of Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Improving Constitutional Assignment in Natural Product Mixtures. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:519-529. [PMID: 35235328 PMCID: PMC11095131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive chemical characterization of biological samples remains a central challenge in the field of natural products. Conventional workflows using liquid chromatography (LC)-coupled high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS2) allow the detection of relevant small molecules while providing diagnostic fragment ions for their structural assignment. Still, many natural product extracts are of a molecular complexity that challenges the resolving power of modern LC-MS2 pipelines. In this study, we examined the effect of integrating ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) to our LC-MS2 platform for the characterization of natural product mixtures. IMS provides an additional axis of separation in the gas phase as well as experimental collision cross-sectional (CCS) values. We analyzed a mixture of 20 commercial standards at 2 concentration ranges, either solubilized in solvent or spiked into an actinobacterial extract. Data were acquired in positive ion mode using both data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) MS2 fragmentation approaches and assessed for both chemical coverage and spectral quality. IMS-DIA identified the largest number of standards in the spiked extract at the lower concentration of standards (17), followed by IMS-DDA (10), DDA (8), and DIA (6). In addition, we examined how these data sets performed in the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform. Overall, integrating IMS increased both metabolite detection and the quality of MS2 spectra, particularly for samples analyzed in DIA mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Carnevale Neto
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center (NW-MRC), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Trevor N Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Norberto P Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger G Linington
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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21
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Qian YX, Zhao DX, Wang HD, Sun H, Xiong Y, Xu XY, Hu WD, Liu MY, Chen BX, Hu Y, Li X, Jiang MT, Yang WZ, Gao XM. An ion mobility-enabled and high-efficiency hybrid scan approach in combination with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography enabling the comprehensive characterization of the multicomponents from Carthamus tinctorius. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1667:462904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Multipolar Compounds in Plant Tea by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Coupled to Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11010111. [PMID: 35010237 PMCID: PMC8750315 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) microextraction combined with supercritical fluid chromatography-ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SFC/IM-QTOF-MS) was used to analyze the multipolar compounds in plant tea. The parameters of stationary phase, mobile phase, make-up solution, temperature, and back pressure were optimized. The target analytes were gradient eluted in 8 min by supercritical CO2 on a Zorbax RX-SIL column. Collisional Cross Section (CCS) values for single and multiple fields were measured. A series of validation studies were carried out under the optimal conditions, and the linear relationship and reproducibility were good. The limits of detection were 1.4 (Scoparone (1))~70 (Naringenin (4)) ng/mL, and the limits of quantification were 4.7 (Scoparone (1))~241 (Naringenin (4)) ng/mL. The recoveries of most compounds ranged from 60.7% to 127%. As a consequence, the proposed method was used for the separation and quantitative analysis of active ingredients in caulis dendrobii.
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23
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Rey F, Melo T, Lopes D, Couto D, Marques F, Domingues MDRM. Applications of lipidomics in marine organisms: Progresses, challenges and future perspectives. Mol Omics 2022; 18:357-386. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems comprise a high diversity of life forms, such as algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates. These organisms have adapted their physiology according to the conditions of the environments in which...
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24
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Law KP, He W, Tao J, Zhang C. A Novel Approach to Characterize the Lipidome of Marine Archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:735878. [PMID: 34925256 PMCID: PMC8674956 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaea are differentiated from the other two domains of life by their biomolecular characteristics. One such characteristic is the unique structure and composition of their lipids. Characterization of the whole set of lipids in a biological system (the lipidome) remains technologically challenging. This is because the lipidome is innately complex, and not all lipid species are extractable, separable, or ionizable by a single analytical method. Furthermore, lipids are structurally and chemically diverse. Many lipids are isobaric or isomeric and often indistinguishable by the measurement of mass or even their fragmentation spectra. Here we developed a novel analytical protocol based on liquid chromatography ion mobility mass spectrometry to enhance the coverage of the lipidome and characterize the conformations of archaeal lipids by their collision cross-sections (CCSs). The measurements of ion mobility revealed the gas-phase ion chemistry of representative archaeal lipids and provided further insights into their attributions to the adaptability of archaea to environmental stresses. A comprehensive characterization of the lipidome of mesophilic marine thaumarchaeon, Nitrosopumilus maritimus (strain SCM1) revealed potentially an unreported phosphate- and sulfate-containing lipid candidate by negative ionization analysis. It was the first time that experimentally derived CCS values of archaeal lipids were reported. Discrimination of crenarchaeol and its proposed stereoisomer was, however, not achieved with the resolving power of the SYNAPT G2 ion mobility system, and a high-resolution ion mobility system may be required for future work. Structural and spectral libraries of archaeal lipids were constructed in non-vendor-specific formats and are being made available to the community to promote research of Archaea by lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai P Law
- Southern University of Science and Technology, SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianchang Tao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanlun Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
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Mosekiemang TT, Stander MA, de Villiers A. Ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to travelling wave ion mobility-time of flight mass spectrometry for the screening of pharmaceutical metabolites in wastewater samples: Application to antiretrovirals. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1660:462650. [PMID: 34788673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the aquatic environment is a significant environmental health concern, which is exacerbated by recent evidence of the contribution of drug metabolites to the overall pharmaceutical load. In light of a recent report of the occurrence of metabolites of antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) in wastewater, we investigate in the present work the occurrence of further ARVD metabolites in samples obtained from a domestic wastewater treatment plant in the Western Cape, South Africa. Pharmacokinetic data indicate that ARVDs are biotransformed into several positional isomeric metabolites, only two of which have been reported wastewater samples. Given the challenges associated with the separation and identification of isomeric species in complex wastewater samples, a method based on liquid chromatography hyphenated to ion mobility spectrometry-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-HR-MS) was implemented. Gradient LC separation was achieved on a sub-2 µm reversed phase column, while the quadrupole-time-of-flight MS was operated in data independent acquisition (DIA) mode to increase spectral coverage of detected features. A mass defect filter (MDF) template was implemented to detect ARVD metabolites with known phase I and phase II mass shifts and fractional mass differences and to filter out potential interferents. IMS proved particularly useful in filtering the MS data for co-eluting species according to arrival time to provide cleaner mass spectra. This approach allowed us to confirm the presence of two known hydroxylated efavirenz and nevirapine metabolites using authentic standards, and to tentatively identify a carboxylate metabolite of abacavir previously reported in literature. Furthermore, three hydroxylated-, two sulphated and one glucuronidated metabolite of efavirenz, two hydroxylated metabolites of nevirapine and one hydroxylated metabolite of ritonavir were tentatively or putatively identified in wastewater samples for the first time. Assignment of the metabolites is discussed in terms of high resolution fragmentation data, while collisional cross section (CCS) values measured for the detected analytes are reported to facilitate further work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tlou T Mosekiemang
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Maria A Stander
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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Capriotti AL, Cannazza G, Catani M, Cavaliere C, Cavazzini A, Cerrato A, Citti C, Felletti S, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Laganà A. Recent applications of mass spectrometry for the characterization of cannabis and hemp phytocannabinoids: From targeted to untargeted analysis. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462492. [PMID: 34507140 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review is a collection of recent applications of mass spectrometry studies for the characterization of phytocannabinoids in cannabis and hemp plant material and related products. The focus is mostly on recent applications using mass spectrometry as detector, in hyphenation to typical separation techniques (i.e., liquid chromatography or gas chromatography), but also with less common couplings or by simple direct analysis. The papers are described starting from the most common approach for targeted quantitative analysis, with applications using low-resolution mass spectrometry equipment, but also with the introduction of high-resolution mass analyzers as the detectors. This reflects a common trend in this field, and introduces the most recent applications using high-resolution mass spectrometry for untargeted analysis. The different approaches used for untargeted analysis are then described, from simple retrospective analysis of compounds without pure standards, through untargeted metabolomics strategies, and suspect screening methods, which are the ones currently allowing to achieve the most detailed qualitative characterization of the entire phytocannabinoid composition, including minor compounds which are usually overlooked in targeted studies and in potency evaluation. These approaches also represent powerful strategies to answer questions on biological and pharmacological activity of cannabis, and provide a sound technology for improved classification of cannabis varieties. Finally, open challenges are discussed for future directions in the detailed study of complex phytocannabinoid mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cannazza
- CNR NANOTEC, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Cinzia Citti
- CNR NANOTEC, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy; CNR NANOTEC, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
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Panter F, Bader CD, Müller R. Synergizing the potential of bacterial genomics and metabolomics to find novel antibiotics. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5994-6010. [PMID: 33995996 PMCID: PMC8098685 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic development based on natural products has faced a long lasting decline since the 1970s, while both the speed and the extent of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development have been severely underestimated. The discovery of antimicrobial natural products of bacterial and fungal origin featuring new chemistry and previously unknown mode of actions is increasingly challenged by rediscovery issues. Natural products that are abundantly produced by the corresponding wild type organisms often featuring strong UV signals have been extensively characterized, especially the ones produced by extensively screened microbial genera such as streptomycetes. Purely synthetic chemistry approaches aiming to replace the declining supply from natural products as starting materials to develop novel antibiotics largely failed to provide significant numbers of antibiotic drug leads. To cope with this fundamental issue, microbial natural products science is being transformed from a 'grind-and-find' study to an integrated approach based on bacterial genomics and metabolomics. Novel technologies in instrumental analytics are increasingly employed to lower detection limits and expand the space of detectable substance classes, while broadening the scope of accessible and potentially bioactive natural products. Furthermore, the almost exponential increase in publicly available bacterial genome data has shown that the biosynthetic potential of the investigated strains by far exceeds the amount of detected metabolites. This can be judged by the discrepancy between the number of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) encoded in the genome of each microbial strain and the number of secondary metabolites actually detected, even when considering the increased sensitivity provided by novel analytical instrumentation. In silico annotation tools for biosynthetic gene cluster classification and analysis allow fast prioritization in BGC-to-compound workflows, which is highly important to be able to process the enormous underlying data volumes. BGC prioritization is currently accompanied by novel molecular biology-based approaches to access the so-called orphan BGCs not yet correlated with a secondary metabolite. Integration of metabolomics, in silico genomics and molecular biology approaches into the mainstream of natural product research will critically influence future success and impact the natural product field in pharmaceutical, nutritional and agrochemical applications and especially in anti-infective research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Panter
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Chantal D Bader
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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