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Metabolomic profiling of intrauterine growth-restricted preterm infants: a matched case-control study. Pediatr Res 2022; 93:1599-1608. [PMID: 36085367 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biochemical variations occurring in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), when a fetus is unable to achieve its genetically determined potential, are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to compare the urinary metabolomic profile between IUGR and non-IUGR very preterm infants to investigate the biochemical adaptations of neonates affected by early-onset-restricted intrauterine growth. METHODS Neonates born <32 weeks of gestation admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were enrolled in this prospective matched case-control study. IUGR was diagnosed by an obstetric ultra-sonographer and all relevant clinical data during NICU stay were captured. For each subject, a urine sample was collected within 48 h of life and underwent untargeted metabolomic analysis using mass spectrometry ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate statistical analyses. RESULTS Among 83 enrolled infants, 15 IUGR neonates were matched with 19 non-IUGR controls. Untargeted metabolomic revealed evident clustering of IUGR neonates versus controls showing derangements of pathways related to tryptophan and histidine metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA and steroid hormones biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Neonates with IUGR showed a distinctive urinary metabolic profile at birth. Although results are preliminary, metabolomics is proving to be a promising tool to explore biochemical pathways involved in this disease. IMPACT Very preterm infants with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have a distinctive urinary metabolic profile at birth. Metabolism of glucocorticoids, sexual hormones biosynthesis, tryptophan-kynurenine, and methionine-cysteine pathways seem to operate differently in this sub-group of neonates. This is the first metabolomic study investigating adaptations exclusively in extremely and very preterm infants affected by early-onset IUGR. New knowledge on metabolic derangements in IUGR may pave the ways to further, more tailored research from a perspective of personalized medicine.
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Carraro S, Di Palmo E, Licari A, Barni S, Caldarelli V, De Castro G, Di Marco A, Fenu G, Giordano G, Lombardi E, Pirillo P, Stocchero M, Volpini A, Zanconato S, Rusconi F. Metabolomics to identify omalizumab responders among children with severe asthma: a prospective study. Allergy 2022; 77:2852-2856. [PMID: 35603478 PMCID: PMC9541025 DOI: 10.1111/all.15385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carraro
- Unit of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Women's and Children's Health DepartmentUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Emanuela Di Palmo
- Pediatric Unit – IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCSS Policlinico San MatteoUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Simona Barni
- Allergy UnitMeyer Paediatric University HospitalFlorenceItaly
| | - Valeria Caldarelli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and PediatricsAzienda USL – IRCCSReggio EmiliaItaly
| | - Giovanna De Castro
- Pediatric Allergology Unit, Maternal and Child Department and Urological ScienceUmberto I Hospital, Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Antonio Di Marco
- Pediatric Pulmonology & Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Sleep and long term Ventilation Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO)Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Grazia Fenu
- Pulmonary UnitMeyer Paediatric University HospitalFlorenceItaly
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomic Laboratory, Women's and Children's Health DepartmentUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP)PadovaItaly
| | - Enrico Lombardi
- Pulmonary UnitMeyer Paediatric University HospitalFlorenceItaly
| | - Paola Pirillo
- Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomic Laboratory, Women's and Children's Health DepartmentUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP)PadovaItaly
| | - Matteo Stocchero
- Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomic Laboratory, Women's and Children's Health DepartmentUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP)PadovaItaly
| | - Alessandro Volpini
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Mother and Child HealthSalesi Children's HospitalAnconaItaly
| | - Stefania Zanconato
- Unit of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Women's and Children's Health DepartmentUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Franca Rusconi
- Department of Mother and Child HealthAzienda USL Toscana Nord OvestPisaItaly
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Raza A. Metabolomics: a systems biology approach for enhancing heat stress tolerance in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:741-763. [PMID: 33251564 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive metabolomic investigations provide a large set of stress-related metabolites and metabolic pathways, advancing crops under heat stress conditions. Metabolomics-assisted breeding, including mQTL and mGWAS boosted our understanding of improving numerous quantitative traits under heat stress. During the past decade, metabolomics has emerged as a fascinating scientific field that includes documentation, evaluation of metabolites, and chemical methods for cell monitoring programs in numerous plant species. A comprehensive metabolome profiling allowed the investigator to handle the comprehensive data groups of metabolites and the equivalent metabolic pathways in an extraordinary manner. Metabolomics, together with transcriptomics, plays an influential role in discovering connections between stress and genes/metabolite, phenotyping, and biomarkers documentation. Further, it helps to decode several metabolic systems connected with heat stress (HS) tolerance in plants. Heat stress is a critical environmental factor that is globally affecting the growth and productivity of plants. Thus, there is an urgent need to exploit modern breeding and biotechnological tools like metabolomics to develop cultivars with improved HS tolerance. Several studies have reported that amino acids, carbohydrates, nitrogen metabolisms, etc. and metabolites involved in the biosynthesis and catalyzing actions play a game-changing role in HS response and help plants to cope with the HS. The use of metabolomics-assisted breeding (MAB) allows a well-organized transmission of higher yield and HS tolerance at the metabolome level with specific properties. Progressive metabolomics systematic techniques have accelerated metabolic profiling. Nonetheless, continuous developments in bioinformatics, statistical tools, and databases are allowing us to produce ever-progressing, comprehensive insights into the biochemical configuration of plants and by what means this is inclined by genetic and environmental cues. Currently, assimilating metabolomics with post-genomic platforms has allowed a significant division of genetic-phenotypic connotation in several plant species. This review highlights the potential of a state-of-the-art plant metabolomics approach for the improvement of crops under HS. The development of plants with specific properties using integrated omics (metabolomics and transcriptomics) and MAB can provide new directions for future research to enhance HS tolerance in plants to achieve a goal of "zero hunger".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Lab of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Metabolomic Profile at Birth, Bronchiolitis and Recurrent Wheezing: A 3-Year Prospective Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120825. [PMID: 34940583 PMCID: PMC8706329 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest for studying how early-life influences the development of respiratory diseases. Our aim was to apply metabolomic analysis to urine collected at birth, to evaluate whether there is any early metabolic signatures capable to distinguish children who will develop acute bronchiolitis and/or recurrent wheezing. Urine was collected at birth in healthy term newborns. Children were followed up to the age of 3 years and evaluated for the development of acute bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing (≥3 episodes). Urine were analyzed through a liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry based untargeted approach. Metabolomic data were investigated applying univariate and multivariate techniques. 205 children were included: 35 had bronchiolitis, 11 of whom had recurrent wheezing. Moreover, 13 children had recurrent wheezing not preceded by bronchiolitis. Multivariate data analysis didn’t lead to reliable classification models capable to distinguish children with and without bronchiolitis or with recurrent wheezing preceded by bronchiolitis neither by PLS for classification (PLS2C) nor by Random Forest (RF). However, a reliable signature was discovered to distinguish children who later develop recurrent wheezing not preceded by bronchiolitis, from those who do not (MCCoob = 0.45 for PLS2C and MCCoob = 0.48 for RF). In this unselected birth cohort, a well-established untargeted metabolomic approach found no biochemical-metabolic dysregulation at birth associated with the subsequent development of acute bronchiolitis or recurrent wheezing post-bronchiolitis, not supporting the hypothesis of an underlying predisposing background. On the other hand, a metabolic signature was discovered that characterizes children who develop wheezing not preceded by bronchiolitis.
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Troisi J, Landolfi A, Cavallo P, Marciano F, Barone P, Amboni M. Metabolomics in Parkinson's disease. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 104:107-149. [PMID: 34462054 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder in which environmental (lifestyle, dietary, infectious disease) factors as well as genetic make-up play a role. Metabolomics, an evolving research field combining biomarker discovery and pathogenetics, is particularly useful in studying complex pathophysiology in general and Parkinson's disease (PD) specifically. PD, the second most frequent neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of intraneural inclusions of α-synuclein aggregates. Although considered a predominantly movement disorder, PD is also associated with number of non-motor features. Metabolomics has provided useful information regarding this neurodegenerative process with the aim of identifying a disease-specific fingerprint. Unfortunately, many disease variables such as clinical presentation, motor system involvement, disease stage and duration substantially affect biomarker relevance. As such, metabolomics provides a unique approach to studying this multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy; Theoreo Srl, Montecorvino Pugliano, SA, Italy; European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, SA, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Landolfi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Cavallo
- Department of Physics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy; Istituto Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Francesca Marciano
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Marianna Amboni
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
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Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Preterm Newborns with EarlyOnset Sepsis: A Case-Control Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020115. [PMID: 33670629 PMCID: PMC7922887 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major concern in neonatology, but there are no reliable biomarkers for its early diagnosis. The aim of the study was to compare the metabolic profiles of plasma and urine samples collected at birth from preterm neonates with and without earlyonset sepsis (EOS) to identify metabolic perturbations that might orient the search for new early biomarkers. All preterm newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were eligible for this proof-of-concept, prospective case-control study. Infants were enrolled as “cases” if they developed EOS, and as “controls”if they did not. Plasma samples collected at birth and urine samples collected within 24 h of birth underwent untargeted and targeted metabolomic analysis using mass spectrometry coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied. Of 123 eligible newborns, 15 developed EOS. These 15 newborns matched controls for gestational age and weight. Metabolomic analysis revealed evident clustering of the cases versus controls, with the glutathione and tryptophan metabolic pathways markedly disrupted in the former. In conclusion, neonates with EOS had a metabolic profile at birth that clearly distinguished them from those without sepsis, and metabolites of glutathione and tryptophan pathways are promising as new biomarkers of neonatal sepsis.
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Ferraro VA, Carraro S, Pirillo P, Gucciardi A, Poloniato G, Stocchero M, Giordano G, Zanconato S, Baraldi E. Breathomics in Asthmatic Children Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroids. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100390. [PMID: 33003349 PMCID: PMC7600137 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "breathomics" enables indirect analysis of metabolic patterns underlying a respiratory disease. In this study, we analyze exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in asthmatic children before (T0) and after (T1) a three-week course of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP). METHODS we recruited steroid-naive asthmatic children for whom inhaled steroids were indicated and healthy children, evaluating asthma control, spirometry and EBC (in asthmatics at T0 and T1). A liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry untargeted analysis was applied to EBC and a mass spectrometry-based target analysis to urine samples. RESULTS metabolomic analysis discriminated asthmatic (n = 26) from healthy children (n = 16) at T0 and T1, discovering 108 and 65 features relevant for the discrimination, respectively. Searching metabolomics databases, seven putative biomarkers with a plausible role in asthma biochemical-metabolic processes were found. After BDP treatment, asthmatic children, in the face of an improved asthma control (p < 0.001) and lung function (p = 0.01), showed neither changes in EBC metabolomic profile nor in urinary endogenous steroid profile. CONCLUSIONS "breathomics" can discriminate asthmatic from healthy children, with prostaglandin, fatty acid and glycerophospholipid as putative markers. The three-week course of BDP-in spite of a significant clinical improvement-was not associated with changes in EBC metabolic arrangement and urinary steroid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Agnese Ferraro
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.G.); (G.P.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (S.Z.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Carraro
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.G.); (G.P.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (S.Z.); (E.B.)
| | - Paola Pirillo
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.G.); (G.P.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (S.Z.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonina Gucciardi
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.G.); (G.P.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (S.Z.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Poloniato
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.G.); (G.P.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (S.Z.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Stocchero
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.G.); (G.P.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (S.Z.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.G.); (G.P.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (S.Z.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Zanconato
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.G.); (G.P.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (S.Z.); (E.B.)
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.G.); (G.P.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (S.Z.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Del Borrello G, Stocchero M, Giordano G, Pirillo P, Zanconato S, Da Dalt L, Carraro S, Esposito S, Baraldi E. New insights into pediatric community-acquired pneumonia gained from untargeted metabolomics: A preliminary study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:418-425. [PMID: 31821737 PMCID: PMC7168041 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available diagnostics often fail to distinguish viral from bacterial causes of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (pCAP). Metabolomics, which aims at characterizing diseases based on their metabolic signatures, has been applied to expand pathophysiological understanding of many diseases. In this exploratory study, we used the untargeted metabolomic analysis to shed new light on the etiology of pCAP. METHODS Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to quantify the metabolite content of urine samples collected from children hospitalized for CAP of pneumococcal or viral etiology, ascertained using a conservative algorithm combining microbiological and biochemical data. RESULTS Fifty-nine children with CAP were enrolled over 16 months. Pneumococcal and viral cases were distinguished by means of a multivariate model based on 93 metabolites, 20 of which were identified and considered as putative biomarkers. Among these, six metabolites belonged to the adrenal steroid synthesis and degradation pathway. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggests that viral and pneumococcal pneumonia differently affect the systemic metabolome, with a stronger disruption of the adrenal steroid pathway in pneumococcal pneumonia. This finding may lead to the discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers and bring us closer to personalized therapy for pCAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Stocchero
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pirillo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Zanconato
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Liviana Da Dalt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Carraro
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatric Clinic, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
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9
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Caterino M, Ruoppolo M, Villani GRD, Marchese E, Costanzo M, Sotgiu G, Dore S, Franconi F, Campesi I. Influence of Sex on Urinary Organic Acids: A Cross-Sectional Study in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020582. [PMID: 31963255 PMCID: PMC7013514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of urinary metabolome, which provides a fingerprint for each individual, is an important step to reach personalized medicine. It is influenced by exogenous and endogenous factors; among them, we investigated sex influences on 72 organic acids measured through GC-MS analysis in the urine of 291 children (152 males; 139 females) aging 1–36 months and stratified in four groups of age. Among the 72 urinary metabolites, in all age groups, 4-hydroxy-butirate and homogentisate are found only in males, whereas 3-hydroxy-dodecanoate, methylcitrate, and phenylacetate are found only in females. Sex differences are still present after age stratification being more numerous during the first 6 months of life. The most relevant sex differences involve the mitochondria homeostasis. In females, citrate cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and butanoate metabolism had the highest impact. In males, urinary organic acids were involved in phenylalanine metabolism, citrate cycle, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, butanoate metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. In addition, age specifically affected metabolic pathways, the phenylalanine metabolism pathway being affected by age only in males. Relevantly, the age-influenced ranking of metabolic pathways varied in the two sexes. In conclusion, sex deeply influences both quantitatively and qualitatively urinary organic acids levels, the effect of sex being age dependent. Importantly, the sex effects depend on the single organic acid; thus, in some cases the urinary organic acid reference values should be stratified according the sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (G.R.D.V.); (M.C.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (G.R.D.V.); (M.C.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80145 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (I.C.); Tel.: +39-08-1373-7850 (M.R.); +39-0-7922-8518 (I.C.)
| | - Guglielmo Rosario Domenico Villani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (G.R.D.V.); (M.C.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Marchese
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80145 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Mental and Physical Health, Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (G.R.D.V.); (M.C.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Simone Dore
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Flavia Franconi
- Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (I.C.); Tel.: +39-08-1373-7850 (M.R.); +39-0-7922-8518 (I.C.)
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10
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Barlotta A, Pirillo P, Stocchero M, Donato F, Giordano G, Bont L, Zanconato S, Carraro S, Baraldi E. Metabolomic Profiling of Infants With Recurrent Wheezing After Bronchiolitis. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1216-1223. [PMID: 30445537 PMCID: PMC7107429 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchiolitis is associated with a greater risk of developing recurrent wheezing, but with currently available tools, it is impossible to know which infants with bronchiolitis will develop this condition. This preliminary prospective study aimed to assess whether urine metabolomic analysis can be used to identify children with bronchiolitis who are at risk of developing recurrent wheezing. Methods Fifty-two infants <1 year old treated in the emergency department at University Hospital of Padova for acute bronchiolitis were enrolled (77% tested positive for respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]). Follow-up visits were conducted for 2 years after the episode of bronchiolitis. Untargeted metabolomic analyses based on mass spectrometry were performed on urine samples collected from infants with acute bronchiolitis. Data modeling was based on univariate and multivariate data analyses. Results We distinguished children with and those without postbronchiolitis recurrent wheeze, defined as ≥3 episodes of physician-diagnosed wheezing. Pathway overrepresentation analysis pointed to a major involvement of the citric acid cycle (P < .001) and some amino acids (lysine, cysteine, and methionine; P ≤ .015) in differentiating between these 2 groups of children. Conclusion This is the first study showing that metabolomic profiling of urine specimens from infants with bronchiolitis can be used to identify children at increased risk of developing recurrent wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Barlotta
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pirillo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Stocchero
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Donato
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Louis Bont
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefania Zanconato
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Carraro
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, the Netherlands
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11
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Bardanzellu F, Peila C, Fanos V, Coscia A. Clinical insights gained through metabolomic analysis of human breast milk. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:909-932. [PMID: 31825672 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1703679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Among the OMICS technologies, that have emerged in recent years, metabolomics has allowed relevant step forwards in clinical research. Several improvements in disease diagnosis and clinical management have been permitted, even in neonatology. Among potentially evaluable biofluids, breast milk (BM) results are highly interesting, representing a fluid of conjunction between mothers newborns, describing their interaction.Areas covered: in this review, updating a previous review article, we discuss research articles and reviews on BM metabolomics and found in MEDLINE using metabolomics, breast milk, neonatal nutrition, breastfeeding, human milk composition, and preterm neonates as keywords.Expert opinion: Our research group has a profound interest in metabolomics research. In 2012, we published the first metabolomic analysis on BM samples, reporting interesting data on its composition and relevant differences with formula milk (FM), useful to improve FM composition. As confirmed by successive studies, such technology can detect the specific BM composition and its dependence on several variables, including lactation stage, gestational age, maternal or environmental conditions. Moreover, since BM contaminants or drug levels can be detected, metabolomics also results useful to determine BM safety. These are only a few practical applications of BM analysis, which will be reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Chiara Peila
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
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12
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Priante E, Verlato G, Giordano G, Stocchero M, Visentin S, Mardegan V, Baraldi E. Intrauterine Growth Restriction: New Insight from the Metabolomic Approach. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9110267. [PMID: 31698738 PMCID: PMC6918259 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognizing intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a matter of great concern because this condition can significantly affect the newborn's short- and long-term health. Ever since the first suggestion of the "thrifty phenotype hypothesis" in the last decade of the 20th century, a number of studies have confirmed the association between low birth weight and cardiometabolic syndrome later in life. During intrauterine life, the growth-restricted fetus makes a number of hemodynamic, metabolic, and hormonal adjustments to cope with the adverse uterine environment, and these changes may become permanent and irreversible. Despite advances in our knowledge of IUGR newborns, biomarkers capable of identifying this condition early on, and stratifying its severity both pre- and postnatally, are still lacking. We are also still unsure about these babies' trajectory of postnatal growth and their specific nutritional requirements with a view to preventing, or at least limiting, long-term complications. In this setting, untargeted metabolomics-a relatively new field of '-omics' research-can be a good way to investigate the metabolic perturbations typically associated with IUGR. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a general overview of the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of IUGR, focusing on evidence emerging from metabolomic studies. Though still only preliminary, the reports emerging so far suggest an "early" pattern of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, catabolite accumulation, and altered amino acid metabolism in IUGR neonates. Further, larger studies are needed to confirm these results and judge their applicability to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Priante
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.V.); (V.M.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8213545
| | - Giovanna Verlato
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.V.); (V.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Pediatric Research, “Città della Speranza” Foundation, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Stocchero
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Silvia Visentin
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Veronica Mardegan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.V.); (V.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (G.V.); (V.M.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Pediatric Research, “Città della Speranza” Foundation, 35129 Padua, Italy
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13
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Ferraro VA, Zanconato S, Baraldi E, Carraro S. Nitric Oxide and Biological Mediators in Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Asthma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111783. [PMID: 31731479 PMCID: PMC6912805 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of the so-called unified airway theory, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma may coexist. The inflammation underlying these conditions can be studied through the aid of biomarkers. Main body: We described the main biological mediators that have been studied in pediatric CRS and asthma, and, according to the available literature, we reported their potential role in the diagnosis and management of these conditions. As for CRS, we discussed the studies that investigated nasal nitric oxide (nNO), pendrin, and periostin. As for asthma, we discussed the role of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (feNO), the role of periostin, and that of biological mediators measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and exhaled air (volatile organic compounds, VOCs). CONCLUSION Among non-invasive biomarkers, nNO seems the most informative in CRS and feNO in asthma. Other biological mediators seem promising, but further studies are needed before they can be applied in clinical practice.
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14
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Chawes BL, Giordano G, Pirillo P, Rago D, Rasmussen MA, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H, Baraldi E. Neonatal Urine Metabolic Profiling and Development of Childhood Asthma. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9090185. [PMID: 31527391 PMCID: PMC6780518 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9090185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine metabolomics case-control studies of childhood asthma have demonstrated a discriminative ability. Here, we investigated whether urine metabolic profiles from healthy neonates were associated with the development of asthma in childhood. Untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to urine samples collected at age 4 weeks in 171 and 161 healthy neonates born from mothers with asthma from the COPSAC2000 and COPSAC2010 cohorts, respectively, where persistent wheeze/asthma was prospectively diagnosed using a symptom-based algorithm. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to investigate differences in metabolic profiles between children who developed asthma and healthy children. Univariate analysis showed 63 and 87 metabolites (q-value < 0.15) in COPSAC2000 and COPSAC2010, respectively, which is promising for discriminating between asthmatic and healthy children. Of those, 14 metabolites were common among the two cohorts. Multivariate random forest and projection to latent structures discriminant analyses confirmed the discriminatory capacity of the metabolic profiles in both cohorts with estimated errors in prediction equal to 35% and AUCpred > 0.60. Database search enabled annotation of three discriminative features: a glucoronidated compound (steroid), 3-hydroxytetradecanedioic acid (fatty acid), and taurochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate (bile acid). The urine metabolomics profiles from healthy neonates were associated with the development of childhood asthma, but further research is needed to understand underlying metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo L Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy.
| | - Paola Pirillo
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy.
| | - Daniela Rago
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Morten A Rasmussen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Pediatrics, Naestved Hospital, 4700 Naestved, Denmark.
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy.
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15
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Iannone LF, Preda A, Blottière HM, Clarke G, Albani D, Belcastro V, Carotenuto M, Cattaneo A, Citraro R, Ferraris C, Ronchi F, Luongo G, Santocchi E, Guiducci L, Baldelli P, Iannetti P, Pedersen S, Petretto A, Provasi S, Selmer K, Spalice A, Tagliabue A, Verrotti A, Segata N, Zimmermann J, Minetti C, Mainardi P, Giordano C, Sisodiya S, Zara F, Russo E, Striano P. Microbiota-gut brain axis involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:1037-1050. [PMID: 31260640 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1638763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The microbiota-gut brain (MGB) axis is the bidirectional communication between the intestinal microbiota and the brain. An increasing body of preclinical and clinical evidence has revealed that the gut microbial ecosystem can affect neuropsychiatric health. However, there is still a need of further studies to elucidate the complex gene-environment interactions and the role of the MGB axis in neuropsychiatric diseases, with the aim of identifying biomarkers and new therapeutic targets, to allow early diagnosis and improving treatments. Areas covered: To review the role of MGB axis in neuropsychiatric disorders, prediction and prevention of disease through exploitation, integration, and combination of data from existing gut microbiome/microbiota projects and appropriate other International '-Omics' studies. The authors also evaluated the new technological advances to investigate and modulate, through nutritional and other interventions, the gut microbiota. Expert opinion: The clinical studies have documented an association between alterations in gut microbiota composition and/or function, whereas the preclinical studies support a role for the gut microbiota in impacting behaviors which are of relevance to psychiatry and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Targeting MGB axis could be an additional approach for treating CNS disorders and all conditions in which alterations of the gut microbiota are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Francesco Iannone
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Alberto Preda
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute , Genova , Italy
| | - Hervé M Blottière
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, JouyenJosas&MetaGenoPolis, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Jouyen Josas , France
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Marco Carotenuto
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Napoli , Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli , Brescia , Italy.,Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry , King's College , London
| | - Rita Citraro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Cinzia Ferraris
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Francesca Ronchi
- Department forBiomedical Research, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Gaia Luongo
- Ordine dei Tecnologi Alimentari Campania e Lazio , Napoli , Italy
| | | | - Letizia Guiducci
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology , Pisa , Italy
| | - Pietro Baldelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Paola Iannetti
- Department of Pediatrics`, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Sigrid Pedersen
- Department of Refractory Epilepsy, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry - Core Facilities, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova , Italy
| | - Stefania Provasi
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli , Brescia , Italy
| | - Kaja Selmer
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Osla, Norway and Department of Refractory Epilepsy, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital , Osla , Norway
| | - Alberto Spalice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Anna Tagliabue
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry , King's College , London
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Nicola Segata
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento , Trento , Italy
| | - Jakob Zimmermann
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute , Genova , Italy
| | | | - Carmen Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Sanjay Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology , Queen Square, London , UK
| | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova , Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute , Genova , Italy
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16
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Santamaria F, Montella S, Stocchero M, Pirillo P, Bozzetto S, Giordano G, Poeta M, Baraldi E. Effects of pidotimod and bifidobacteria mixture on clinical symptoms and urinary metabolomic profile of children with recurrent respiratory infections: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 58:101818. [PMID: 31302340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many preschool children develop recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRI). Strategies to prevent RRI include the use of immunomodulators as pidotimod or probiotics, but there is limited evidence of their efficacy on clinical features or on urine metabolic profile. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether pidotimod and/or bifidobacteria can reduce RRI morbidity and influence the urine metabolic profile in preschool children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children aged 3-6 years with RRI were enrolled in a four-arm, exploratory, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive pidotimod plus bifidobacteria, pidotimod plus placebo, bifidobacteria plus placebo or double placebo for the first 10 days of each month over 4 consecutive months. Respiratory symptoms and infections were recorded with a daily diary by parents during the study. Metabolomic analyses on urine samples collected before and after treatment were performed. RESULTS Compared to placebo, children receiving pidotimod, alone or with bifidobacteria, had more symptom-free days (69 versus 44, p = 0.003; and 65 versus 44, p = 0.02, respectively) and a lower percentage of days with common cold (17% versus 37%, p = 0.005; and 15% versus 37%, p = 0.004, respectively). The metabolomic analysis showed that children treated with Pidotimod (alone or in combination with bifidobacteria) present, respect to children treated with placebo, a biochemical profile characterized by compounds related to the pathway of steroids hormones, hippuric acid and tryptophan. No significant difference in the metabolic profile was found between children receiving bifidobacteria alone and controls. CONCLUSIONS Preschool children with RRI treated with pidotimod have better clinical outcomes and a different urine metabolomic profile than subjects receiving placebo. Further investigations are needed to clarify the connection between pidotimod and gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santamaria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Silvia Montella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Matteo Stocchero
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
| | - Paola Pirillo
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35129, Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Bozzetto
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35129, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marco Poeta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35129, Padova, Italy.
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17
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Ferraro V, Carraro S, Bozzetto S, Zanconato S, Baraldi E. Exhaled biomarkers in childhood asthma: old and new approaches. Asthma Res Pract 2018; 4:9. [PMID: 30094051 PMCID: PMC6081883 DOI: 10.1186/s40733-018-0045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic condition usually characterized by underlying inflammation. The study of asthmatic inflammation is of the utmost importance for both diagnostic and monitoring purposes. The gold standard for investigating airway inflammation is bronchoscopy, with bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial biopsy, but the invasiveness of such procedures limits their use in children. For this reason, in the last decades there has been a growing interest for the development of noninvasive methods. Main body In the present review, we describe the most important non-invasive methods for the study of airway inflammation in children, focusing on the measure of the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (feNO), on the measure of the exhaled breath temperature (EBT) and on the analysis of both exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and exhaled air (Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs), using targeted and untargeted approaches. We summarize what is currently known on the topic of exhaled biomarkers in childhood asthma, with a special emphasis on emerging approaches, underlining the role of exhaled biomarkers in the diagnosis, management and treatment of asthma, and their potential for the development of personalized treatments. Conclusion Among non-invasive methods to study asthma, exhaled breath analysis remains one of the most interesting approaches, feNO and “-omic” sciences seem promising for the purpose of characterizing biomarkers of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ferraro
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Carraro
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bozzetto
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Zanconato
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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18
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Carraro S, Bozzetto S, Giordano G, El Mazloum D, Stocchero M, Pirillo P, Zanconato S, Baraldi E. Wheezing preschool children with early-onset asthma reveal a specific metabolomic profile. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:375-382. [PMID: 29468750 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many children of preschool age present with recurrent wheezing. Most of them outgrow their symptoms, while some have early-onset asthma. Aim of this prospective preliminary study was to apply a metabolomic approach to see whether biochemical-metabolic urinary profiles can have a role in the early identification of the children with asthma. METHODS Preschool children with recurrent wheezing were recruited and followed up for 3 years, after which they were classified as cases of transient wheezing or early-onset asthma. A urine sample was collected at recruitment and analyzed using a metabolomic approach based on UPLC mass spectrometry. RESULTS Among 34 children aged 4.0 ± 1.1 years recruited, at the end of the 3-year follow-up, 16 were classified as having transient wheezing and 16 as cases of early-onset asthma. Through a joint multivariate and univariate statistical analyses, we identified a subset of metabolomic variables that enabled the 2 groups to be clearly distinguished. The model built using the identified variables showed an AUC = 0.99 and an AUC = 0.88 on sevenfold full cross-validation (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic urinary profile can discriminate preschoolers with recurrent wheezing who will outgrow their symptoms from those who have early-onset asthma. These results may pave the way to the characterization of early non-invasive biomarkers capable of predicting asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carraro
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bozzetto
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Città della Speranza Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Padova, Italy
| | - Dania El Mazloum
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Stocchero
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Città della Speranza Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pirillo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Città della Speranza Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Zanconato
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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19
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Carraro S, Baraldi E, Giordano G, Pirillo P, Stocchero M, Houben M, Bont L. Metabolomic Profile of Amniotic Fluid and Wheezing in the First Year of Life-A Healthy Birth Cohort Study. J Pediatr 2018; 196:264-269.e4. [PMID: 29548683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To apply metabolomic analysis of amniotic fluid in a discovery cohort to see whether a specific biochemical-metabolic profile at birth is associated with the subsequent onset of wheezing over the first year of life. STUDY DESIGN This prospective exploratory study was conducted in a healthy term-born Dutch cohort recruited at 2 hospitals in Utrecht (UMCU, Utrecht, and Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht), The Netherlands. A metabolomic approach based on mass spectrometry was applied to analyze 142 amniotic fluid samples collected at birth. The infants were followed up during their first year of life with recording any respiratory symptoms daily, and they were classified according to the onset of wheezing. RESULTS Orthogonally constrained projection to latent structures discriminant analysis was used to investigate differences in the metabolic profiles of the infants with (n = 86) and without (n = 56) wheezing. A search of the available databases for amniotic fluid metabolites identified by stability selection, combined with pathway analysis, highlighted the possible metabolic perturbations involved in this condition. The model built using 16 relevant variables with plausible biological significance, showed an area under the curve of 0.82 (P < .001) and an area under the curve calculated by 7-fold full cross-validation of 0.72 (P = .003), with the steroid hormone biosynthesis and the 2-phenylalanine metabolism emerging as probably perturbed pathways. CONCLUSIONS Infants who will or will not experience wheezing in their first year of life have distinct amniotic fluid metabolomic profiles at birth. Changes occurring in biochemical-metabolic pathways in late intrauterine life may have a pathogenic role in early-onset wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carraro
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy; The City of Hope Institute of Pediatric Research, Padova, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy; The City of Hope Institute of Pediatric Research, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy; The City of Hope Institute of Pediatric Research, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pirillo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy; The City of Hope Institute of Pediatric Research, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Stocchero
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy; The City of Hope Institute of Pediatric Research, Padova, Italy
| | - Michiel Houben
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Bont
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Oh J, Yoon DH, Han JG, Choi HK, Sung GH. 1H NMR based metabolite profiling for optimizing the ethanol extraction of Wolfiporia cocos. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1128-1134. [PMID: 30174512 PMCID: PMC6117373 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolite profiling of Wolfiporia cocos (family: Polyporaceae) had been much advancement in recent days, and its analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has become well established. However, the highly important trait of W. cocos still needs advanced protocols despite some standardization. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used as the multivariate statistical analysis of the 1H NMR data set. The PLS-DA model was validated, and the key metabolites contributing to the separation in the score plots of different ethanol W. cocos extract. 1H NMR spectroscopy of W. cocos identified 33 chemically diverse metabolites in D2O, consisting of 13 amino acids, 11 organic acids 2 sugars, 3 sugar alcohols, 1 nucleoside, and 3 others. Among these metabolites, the levels of tyrosine, proline, methionine, sarcosine, choline, acetoacetate, citrate, 4-aminobutyrate, aspartate, maltose, malate, lysine, xylitol, lactate threonine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, uridine, guanidoacetate, arabitol, mannitol, glucose, and betaine were increased in the 95% ethanol extraction sample compared with the levels in other samples, whereas level of acetate, phenylalanine, alanine, succinate, and fumarate were significantly increased in the 0% ethanol extraction sample. A biological triterpenoid, namely pachymic acid, was detected from different ethanol P. cocos extract using 1H-NMR spectra were found in CDCl3. This is the first report to perform the metabolomics profiling of different ethanol W. cocos extract. These researches suggest that W. cocos can be used to obtain substantial amounts of bioactive ingredients for use as potential pharmacological and nutraceuticals agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsang Oh
- Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Hyo Yoon
- Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Han
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors at: Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea (G.-H. Sung); College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea (H.-K. Choi)
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors at: Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea (G.-H. Sung); College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea (H.-K. Choi)
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Galderisi A, Pirillo P, Moret V, Stocchero M, Gucciardi A, Perilongo G, Moretti C, Monciotti C, Giordano G, Baraldi E. Metabolomics reveals new metabolic perturbations in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:59-67. [PMID: 28401628 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using an untargeted metabolomics approach we investigated the metabolome of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in comparison with healthy peers and explored the contribution of HbA1c and clinical features to the observed difference. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We enrolled children with T1D aged 6-15 years, attending the pediatric diabetes clinic of University of Padova (Italy). Healthy controls were enrolled on voluntary basis and matched for age, sex, pubertal status, body mass index (BMI). We performed a liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS) on fasting urinary samples of the 2 groups. RESULTS A total of 56 patients with T1D aged (11.4 ± 2.2) years, and 30 healthy controls (10.7 ± 2.8) years were enrolled. We identified 59 urinary metabolites having a higher level in children with T1D, mainly represented by gluco- and mineralcorticoids, phenylalanine and tryptophan catabolites (kynurenine), small peptides, glycerophospholipids, fatty acids, and gut bacterial products. We did not find any association between HbA1c, pubertal status, disease duration, and metabolome profile within the case group. CONCLUSIONS T1D profoundly disrupts the metabolome of pediatric patients. The excess of cortisol and aldosterone may contribute to the development of macrovascular complications in adulthood, while the increase of tryptophan derivates may have a role in neuronal damage associated to hyperglycemia. Determinants of such findings, other than HbA1c, should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Galderisi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pirillo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Città della Speranza Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Padova, Italy
| | - Vittoria Moret
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Antonina Gucciardi
- Città della Speranza Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Perilongo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Moretti
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlamaria Monciotti
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Città della Speranza Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Eckerle M, Ambroggio L, Puskarich M, Winston B, Jones AE, Standiford TJ, Stringer KA. Metabolomics as a Driver in Advancing Precision Medicine in Sepsis. Pharmacotherapy 2017; 37:1023-1032. [PMID: 28632924 PMCID: PMC5600684 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to explain the science of metabolomics-a science of systems biology that measures and studies endogenous small molecules (metabolites) that are present in a single biological sample-and its application to the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. In addition, we discuss how discovery through metabolomics can contribute to the development of precision medicine targets for this complex disease state and the potential avenues for those new discoveries to be applied in the clinical environment. A nonsystematic literature review was performed focusing on metabolomics, pharmacometabolomics, and sepsis. Human (adult and pediatric) and animal studies were included. Metabolomics has been investigated in the diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification of sepsis, as well as for the identification of drug target opportunities. Metabolomics elucidates a new level of detail when compared with other systems biology sciences, with regard to the metabolites that are most relevant in the pathophysiology of sepsis, as well as highlighting specific biochemical pathways at work in sepsis. Metabolomics also highlights biochemical differences between sepsis survivors and nonsurvivors at a level of detail greater than that demonstrated by genomics, transcriptomics, or proteomics, potentially leading to actionable targets for new therapies. The application of pharmacometabolomics and its integration with other systems pharmacology to sepsis therapeutics could be particularly helpful in differentiating drug responders and nonresponders and furthering knowledge of mechanisms of drug action and response. The accumulated literature on metabolomics suggests it is a viable tool for continued discovery around the pathophysiology, diagnosis and prognosis, and treatment of sepsis in both adults and children, and it provides a greater level of biochemical detail and insight than other systems biology approaches. However, the clinical application of metabolomics in sepsis has not yet been fully realized. Prospective validation studies are needed to translate metabolites from the discovery phase into the clinical utility phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Eckerle
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lilliam Ambroggio
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michael Puskarich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Brent Winston
- Departments of Critical Care, Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alan E. Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Theodore J. Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kathleen A. Stringer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- School of Medicine and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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23
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Bozzetto S, Pirillo P, Carraro S, Berardi M, Cesca L, Stocchero M, Giordano G, Zanconato S, Baraldi E. Metabolomic profile of children with recurrent respiratory infections. Pharmacol Res 2016; 115:162-167. [PMID: 27888158 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory infections (RRI) represent a widespread condition which has a severe social and economic impact. Immunostimulants are used for their prevention. It is crucial to better characterize children with RRI to refine their diagnosis and identify effective personalized prevention strategies. Metabolomics is a high-dimensional biological method that can be used for hypothesis-free biomarker profiling, examining a large number of metabolites in a given sample using spectroscopic techniques. Multivariate statistical data analysis then enables us to infer which metabolic information is relevant to the biological characterization of a given physiological or pathological condition. This can lead to the emergence of new, sometimes unexpected metabolites, and hitherto unknown metabolic pathways, enabling the formulation of new pathogenetic hypotheses, and the identification of new therapeutic targets. The aim of our pilot study was to apply mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics to the analysis of urine samples from children with RRI, comparing these children's biochemical metabolic profiles with those of healthy peers. We also compared the RRI children's and healthy controls' metabolomic urinary profiles after the former had received pidotimod treatment for 3 months to see whether this immunostimulant was associated with biochemical changes in the RRI children's metabolic profile. 13 children (age range 3-6 yeas) with RRI and 15 matched per age healthy peers with no history of respiratory diseases or allergies were enrolled. Their metabolomic urine samples were compared before and after the RRI children had been treated with pidotimod for a period of 3 months. Metabolomic analyses on the urine samples were done using mass spectrometry combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS). The resulting spectroscopic data then underwent multivariate statistical analysis and the most relevant variables characterizing the two groups were identified. Data modeling with post-transformation of PLS2-Discriminant Analysis (ptPLS2-DA) generated a robust model capable of discriminating the urine samples from children with RRI from those of healthy controls (R2=0.92,Q2CV7-fold=0.75, p-value<0.001). The dataset included 1502 time per mass variables, and 138 of them characterized the difference between the two groups. Thirty-five of these distinctive 138 variables persisted in the profiles of the children with RRI after pidotimod treatment. Metabolomics can discriminate children with RRI from healthy controls, suggesting that the former have a dysregulated metabolic profile. Among the variables characterizing children with RRI there are metabolites that may reflect the presence of a different microbiome. After pidotimod treatment, the metabolic profile of the children with RRI was no longer very different from that of the healthy controls, except for the persistence of some microbiome-related variables. We surmise that pidotimod partially "restores" the altered metabolic profile of children with RRI, without modifying the metabolites related to the composition of the gut microbiota. In the light of these results, we hypothesize a potential synergic effect of the combined use of immunostimulants and probiotics for the purpose of prevention in children with RRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bozzetto
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Paola Pirillo
- Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute of Pediatric Research, Città della Speranza, Italy Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Carraro
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Laura Cesca
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute of Pediatric Research, Città della Speranza, Italy Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Italy
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Baraldi E, Giordano G, Stocchero M, Moschino L, Zaramella P, Tran MR, Carraro S, Romero R, Gervasi MT. Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Amniotic Fluid in the Prediction of Preterm Delivery and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164211. [PMID: 27755564 PMCID: PMC5068788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a serious complication associated with preterm birth. A growing body of evidence suggests a role for prenatal factors in its pathogenesis. Metabolomics allows simultaneous characterization of low molecular weight compounds and may provide a picture of such a complex condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an unbiased metabolomic analysis of amniotic fluid (AF) can be used to investigate the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD) and BPD development in the offspring. STUDY DESIGN We conducted an exploratory study on 32 infants born from mothers who had undergone an amniocentesis between 21 and 28 gestational weeks because of spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes. The AF samples underwent untargeted metabolomic analysis using mass spectrometry combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The data obtained were analyzed using multivariate and univariate statistical data analysis tools. RESULTS Orthogonally Constrained Projection to Latent Structures-Discriminant Analysis (oCPLS2-DA) excluded effects on data modelling of crucial clinical variables. oCPLS2-DA was able to find unique differences in select metabolites between term (n = 11) and preterm (n = 13) deliveries (negative ionization data set: R2 = 0.47, mean AUC ROC in prediction = 0.65; positive ionization data set: R2 = 0.47, mean AUC ROC in prediction = 0.70), and between PTD followed by the development of BPD (n = 10), and PTD without BPD (n = 11) (negative data set: R2 = 0.48, mean AUC ROC in prediction = 0.73; positive data set: R2 = 0.55, mean AUC ROC in prediction = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that amniotic fluid metabolic profiling may be promising for identifying spontaneous preterm birth and fetuses at risk for developing BPD. These findings support the hypothesis that some prenatal metabolic dysregulations may play a key role in the pathogenesis of PTD and the development of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Città della Speranza Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Città della Speranza Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Padova, Italy
| | | | - Laura Moschino
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Città della Speranza Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zaramella
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Tran
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Carraro
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Città della Speranza Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, United States of America
| | - Maria Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Frédérich M, Pirotte B, Fillet M, de Tullio P. Metabolomics as a Challenging Approach for Medicinal Chemistry and Personalized Medicine. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8649-8666. [PMID: 27295417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
"Omics" sciences have been developed to provide a holistic point of view of biology and to better understand the complexity of an organism as a whole. These systems biology approaches can be examined at different levels, starting from the most fundamental, i.e., the genome, and finishing with the most functional, i.e., the metabolome. Similar to how genomics is applied to the exploration of DNA, metabolomics is the qualitative and quantitative study of metabolites. This emerging field is clearly linked to genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. In addition, metabolomics provides a unique and direct vision of the functional outcome of an organism's activities that are required for it to survive, grow, and respond to internal and external stimuli or stress, e.g., pathologies and drugs. The links between metabolic changes, patient phenotype, physiological and/or pathological status, and treatment are now well established and have opened a new area for the application of metabolomics in the drug discovery process and in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Frédérich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege , Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege , Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege , Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege , Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
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26
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Yang SO, Wu C, So MY, Lee SJ, Kim YS. Effects of brown rice on cellular growth and metabolic changes in mice. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Moschino L, Zanconato S, Bozzetto S, Baraldi E, Carraro S. Childhood asthma biomarkers: present knowledge and future steps. Paediatr Respir Rev 2015; 16:205-12. [PMID: 26100359 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma represents the most common chronic respiratory disease of childhood. Its current standard diagnosis relies on patient history of symptoms and confirmed expiratory airflow limitation. Nevertheless, the spectrum of asthma in clinical presentation is broad, and both symptoms and lung function may not always reflect the underlying airway inflammation, which can be determined by different pathogenetic mechanisms. For these reasons, the identification of objective biomarkers of asthma, which may guide diagnosis, phenotyping, management and treatment is of great clinical utility and might have a role in the development of personalized therapy. The availability of non-invasive methods to study and monitor disease inflammation is of relevance especially in childhood asthma. In this sense, a promising role might be played by the measurement of exhaled biomarkers, such as exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) and molecules in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Furthermore, recent studies have shown encouraging results with the application of the novel metabolomic approach to the study of exhaled biomarkers. In this paper the existing knowledge in the field of asthma biomarkers, with a special focus on exhaled biomarkers, will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moschino
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova Italy
| | - Stefania Zanconato
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova Italy
| | - Sara Bozzetto
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova Italy
| | - Silvia Carraro
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova Italy.
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28
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Kum SJ, Yang SO, Lee SM, Chang PS, Choi YH, Lee JJ, Hurh BS, Kim YS. Effects of Aspergillus species inoculation and their enzymatic activities on the formation of volatile components in fermented soybean paste (doenjang). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1401-18. [PMID: 25590895 DOI: 10.1021/jf5056002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The volatile components of rice-koji doenjang produced in association with various Aspergillus species (A. oryzae, A. sojae, and A. kawachii) during 8 weeks of fermentation were compared using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and multivariate statistical analysis. In addition, the activities of diverse enzymes (α-amylase, protease, lipase, and esterase) were determined to investigate their effects on the formation of volatile compounds. Regardless of the fungi types, carbonyls including 4-methylheptan-2-one, heptan-2-one, (E)-hept-2-enal, and hexanal were found to contribute mainly to early phase fermentation, whereas the contents of ethyl esters of long-chained fatty acids were considerably enhanced in the latter stage of fermentation. With the exception of α-amylase, the activities of the studied enzymes generally increased as fermentation proceeded, and there were significant differences in enzymes activities between the species of fungi. The lipase activity was strongly correlated with the formation of long-chain fatty acid esters, which could be related to the distinctive organoleptic properties of rice-koji doenjang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Joo Kum
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University , 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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29
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Carraro S, Giordano G, Pirillo P, Maretti M, Reniero F, Cogo PE, Perilongo G, Stocchero M, Baraldi E. Airway metabolic anomalies in adolescents with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: new insights from the metabolomic approach. J Pediatr 2015; 166:234-9.e1. [PMID: 25294602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess a group of adolescents with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) from a biochemical-metabolic standpoint, applying the metabolomic approach to studying their exhaled breath condensate (EBC). STUDY DESIGN Twenty adolescents with BPD (mean age 14.8 years) and 15 healthy controls (mean age 15.2 years) were recruited for EBC collection, exhaled nitric oxide measurement, and spirometry. The EBC samples were analyzed using a metabolomic approach based on mass spectrometry. The obtained spectra were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis tools. RESULTS A reliable Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures-Discriminant Analysis model showed a clear discrimination between cases of BPD and healthy controls (R(2) = 0.95 and Q(2) = 0.92). The search for putative biomarkers identified an altered complex lipid profile in the adolescents with BPD. CONCLUSIONS The metabolomic analysis of EBC distinguishes cases of BPD from healthy individuals, suggesting that the lung of survivors of BPD is characterized by long-term metabolic abnormalities. The search for putative biomarkers indicated a possible role of an altered surfactant composition, which may persist far beyond infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carraro
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pirillo
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Maretti
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabiano Reniero
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), System Toxicology Unit (ST), Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Paola E Cogo
- Anesthesia and Cardiac Intensive Care, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Perilongo
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Carraro S, Scheltema N, Bont L, Baraldi E. Early-life origins of chronic respiratory diseases: understanding and promoting healthy ageing. Eur Respir J 2014; 44:1682-96. [PMID: 25323240 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00084114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often originate early in life. In addition to a genetic predisposition, prenatal and early-life environmental exposures have a persistent impact on respiratory health. Acting during a critical phase of lung development, these factors may change lung structure and metabolism, and may induce maladaptive responses to harmful agents, which will affect the whole lifespan. Some environmental factors, such as exposure to cigarette smoke, type of childbirth and diet, may be modifiable, but it is more difficult to influence other factors, such as preterm birth and early exposure to viruses or allergens. Here, we bring together recent literature to analyse the critical aspects involved in the early stages of lung development, going back to prenatal and perinatal events, and we discuss the mechanisms by which noxious factors encountered early on may have a lifelong impact on respiratory health. We briefly comment on the need for early disease biomarkers and on the possible role of "-omic" technologies in identifying risk profiles predictive of chronic respiratory conditions. Such profiles could guide the ideation of effective preventive strategies and/or targeted early lifestyle or therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carraro
- Women's and Children's Health Dept, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nienke Scheltema
- Dept of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Bont
- Dept of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Women's and Children's Health Dept, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Non-targeted metabolomic reveals the effect of salt stress on global metabolite of halotolerant yeast Candida versatilis and principal component analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:1553-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As one of the major microbes in the soy sauce fermentation, Candida versatilis enriches the flavor and improves the quality of soy sauce. In this study, a combination of five different GC-MS and LC-MS-based metabolome analytical approaches was used to analyze the intracellular, extracellular and whole metabolites of C. versatilis. Our results found out that a total of 132, 244 and 267 different metabolites were detectable from the intracellular, extracellular and whole part, respectively. When exposed to 0. 9 and 18 % salt, respectively, 114, 123 and 129 different intracellular metabolites, 184, 200 and 178 extracellular metabolites and 177, 188 and 186 whole metabolites were detected, respectively. Our data showed that salt enhances the metabolic capacity of C. versatilis, especially its amino acid and enhances the synthesis and secretion of some metabolites of C. versatilis, especially the aldehydes and phenols, such as vanillin, guaiacol and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Our data also showed that special attention has to be paid to the generation of biogenic amines when C. versatilis was treated with salt.
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Mussap M, Antonucci R, Noto A, Fanos V. The role of metabolomics in neonatal and pediatric laboratory medicine. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 426:127-38. [PMID: 24035970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics consists of the quantitative analysis of a large number of low molecular mass metabolites involving substrates or products in metabolic pathways existing in all living systems. The analysis of the metabolic profile detectable in a human biological fluid allows to instantly identify changes in the composition of endogenous and exogenous metabolites caused by the interaction between specific physiopathological states, gene expression, and environment. In pediatrics and neonatology, metabolomics offers new encouraging perspectives for the improvement of critically ill patient outcome, for the early recognition of metabolic profiles associated with the development of diseases in the adult life, and for delivery of individualized medicine. In this view, nutrimetabolomics, based on the recognition of specific cluster of metabolites associated with nutrition and pharmacometabolomics, based on the capacity to personalize drug therapy by analyzing metabolic modifications due to therapeutic treatment may open new frontiers in the prevention and in the treatment of pediatric and neonatal diseases. This review summarizes the most relevant results published in the literature on the application of metabolomics in pediatric and neonatal clinical settings. However, there is the urgent need to standardize physiological and preanalytical variables, analytical methods, data processing, and result presentation, before establishing the definitive clinical value of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mussap
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University-Hospital, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genova, Italy
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Fanos V, Fanni C, Ottonello G, Noto A, Dessì A, Mussap M. Metabolomics in adult and pediatric nephrology. Molecules 2013; 18:4844-57. [PMID: 23615531 PMCID: PMC6270081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18054844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics, the latest of the “omics” sciences, has a non-selective approach and can thus lead to the identification of all the metabolites (molecules < 1 kDa) in a biological system. The metabolomic profile can be considered the most predictive phenotype capable of evaluating epigenetic modifications determined by external factors. It is so close to the phenotype as to be considered the phenotype itself in its unique individuality (fingerprinting), both in health (phenome), and disease (diseasome). Urine, compared to other biological liquids, has the advantage of being a complex fluid with many components, including intermediate metabolites. Metabolomics may thus play a role in the study of different kidney diseases and overcome diagnostic difficulties. We shall present the studies that to our knowledge have been published on Nephrology and Pediatric Nephrology. Some are experimental while others are clinical. We have not considered carcinomas and transplantations. Although scarce, the data on adults and the very few ones in pediatrics are quite interesting. Further studies on kidneys are needed to determine the practical clinical impact of metabolomics in kidney renal pathologies. The “multiplatform” “omic” study of urine and namely metabolomics can contribute to improving early diagnosis and the outcome of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Cagliari 09131, Italy.
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Alexandre-Gouabau MC, Courant F, Moyon T, Küster A, Le Gall G, Tea I, Antignac JP, Darmaun D. Maternal and cord blood LC-HRMS metabolomics reveal alterations in energy and polyamine metabolism, and oxidative stress in very-low birth weight infants. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2764-78. [PMID: 23527880 DOI: 10.1021/pr400122v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To assess the global effect of preterm birth on fetal metabolism and maternal-fetal nutrient transfer, we used a mass spectrometric-based chemical phenotyping approach on cord blood obtained at the time of birth. We sampled umbilical venous, umbilical arterial, and maternal blood from mothers delivering very-low birth weight (VLBW, with a median gestational age and weight of 29 weeks, and 1210 g, respectively) premature or full-term (FT) neonates. In VLBW group, we observed a significant elevation in the levels and maternal-fetal gradients of butyryl-, isovaleryl-, hexanoyl- and octanoyl-carnitines, suggesting enhanced short- and medium chain fatty acid β-oxidation in human preterm feto-placental unit. The significant decrease in glutamine-glutamate in preterm arterial cord blood beside lower levels of amino acid precursors of Krebs cycle suggest increased glutamine utilization in the fast growing tissues of preterm fetus with a deregulation in placental glutamate-glutamine shuttling. Enhanced glutathione utilization is likely to account for the decrease in precursor amino acids (serine, betaine, glutamate and methionine) in arterial cord blood. An increase in both the circulating levels and maternal-fetal gradients of several polyamines in their acetylated form (diacetylspermine and acetylputrescine) suggests an enhanced polyamine metabolic cycling in extreme prematurity. Our metabolomics study allowed the identification of alterations in fetal energy, antioxidant defense, and polyamines and purines flux as a signature of premature birth.
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Carraro S, Giordano G, Reniero F, Carpi D, Stocchero M, Sterk P, Baraldi E. Asthma severity in childhood and metabolomic profiling of breath condensate. Allergy 2013; 68:110-7. [PMID: 23157191 DOI: 10.1111/all.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a heterogeneous disease and its different phenotypes need to be better characterized from a biochemical-inflammatory standpoint. This study aimed to apply the metabolomic approach to exhaled breath condensate (breathomics) to discriminate different asthma phenotypes, with a particular focus on severe asthma in children. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 42 asthmatic children (age, 8-17 years): 31 with nonsevere asthma (treated with inhaled steroids or not) and 11 with severe asthma. Fifteen healthy children were enrolled as controls. Children performed exhaled nitric oxide measurement, spirometry, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection. Condensate samples were analyzed using a metabolomic approach based on mass spectrometry. RESULTS A robust Bidirectional-Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures-Discriminant Analysis (O2PLS-DA) model was found for discriminating both between severe asthma cases and healthy controls (R(2) = 0.93; Q(2) = 0.75) and between severe asthma and nonsevere asthma (R(2) = 0.84; Q(2) = 0.47). The metabolomic data analysis leads to a robust model also when the 3 groups of children were considered altogether (K = 0.80), indicating that each group is characterized by a specific metabolomic profile. Compounds related to retinoic acid, adenosine and vitamin D (Human Metabolome Database) were relevant for the discrimination between groups. CONCLUSION The metabolomic profiling of EBC could clearly distinguish different biochemical-metabolic profiles in asthmatic children and enabled the severe asthma phenotype to be fully discriminated. The breathomics approach may therefore be suitable for discriminating between different asthma metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Carraro
- Department of Women‘s and Children‘s Health; University of Padova; Padova; Italy
| | - G. Giordano
- Department of Women‘s and Children‘s Health; University of Padova; Padova; Italy
| | - F. Reniero
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre; Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), System Toxicology Unit (ST); Ispra; Italy
| | - D. Carpi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre; Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), System Toxicology Unit (ST); Ispra; Italy
| | | | - P.J. Sterk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; the Netherlands
| | - E. Baraldi
- Department of Women‘s and Children‘s Health; University of Padova; Padova; Italy
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Abstract
Metabolomics is a new approach based on the systematic study of the full complement of metabolites in a biological sample. This technology consists of two sequential steps: (1) an experimental technique, based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or mass spectrometry, designed to profile low-molecular-weight compounds, and (2) multivariate data analysis. The metabolomic analysis of biofluids or tissues has been successfully used in the fields of physiology, diagnostics, functional genomics, pharmacology, toxicology, and nutrition. Recent studies have evaluated how physiological variables or pathological conditions can affect metabolomic profiles of different biofluids in pediatric populations. The overall metabolic status of the neonate is little known. If more information on perinatal/neonatal maturational processes and their metabolic background were available, the management of sick or preterm newborns might be improved. Currently, the use of metabolomics in neonatology is still in the pioneering phase. Meaningful diagnostic information and simple, noninvasive collection techniques make urine a particularly suitable biofluid for metabolomic approach in neonatal medicine, although blood has also been investigated. Different fields of neonatology such as postnatal maturation, asphyxia/hypoxia, inborn errors of metabolism, nutrition, nephrouropathies, nephrotoxicity, cardiovascular diseases, and other conditions have been investigated using a metabolomic approach. Together with genomics and proteomics, metabolomics appears to be a promising tool in neonatology for the monitoring of postnatal metabolic maturation, the identification of biomarkers as early predictors of outcome, the diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases, and the "tailored" management of neonatal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Department of Surgery, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Alexandre-Gouabau MC, Courant F, Le Gall G, Moyon T, Darmaun D, Parnet P, Coupé B, Antignac JP. Offspring Metabolomic Response to Maternal Protein Restriction in a Rat Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR). J Proteome Res 2011; 10:3292-302. [DOI: 10.1021/pr2003193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Cécile Alexandre-Gouabau
- INRA and University of Nantes, UMR-1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles CHU Hôtel Dieu, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - Frédérique Courant
- ONIRIS, USC 2013, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes, France
| | - Gwénaëlle Le Gall
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Moyon
- INRA and University of Nantes, UMR-1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles CHU Hôtel Dieu, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - Dominique Darmaun
- INRA and University of Nantes, UMR-1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles CHU Hôtel Dieu, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - Patricia Parnet
- INRA and University of Nantes, UMR-1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles CHU Hôtel Dieu, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - Bérengère Coupé
- INRA and University of Nantes, UMR-1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles CHU Hôtel Dieu, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Antignac
- ONIRIS, USC 2013, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes, France
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Abstract
Systems biology applies advances in technology and new fields of study including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to the development of new treatments and approaches of care for the critically ill and injured patient. An understanding of systems biology enhances a nurse's ability to implement evidence-based practice and to educate patients and families on novel testing and therapies. Systems biology is an integrated and holistic view of humans in relationship with the environment. Biomarkers are used to measure the presence and severity of disease and are rapidly expanding in systems biology endeavors. A systems biology approach using predictive, preventive, and participatory involvement is being utilized in a plethora of conditions of critical illness and injury including sepsis, cancer, pulmonary disease, and traumatic injuries.
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Biomarkers in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2010; 23:468-81. [PMID: 20601050 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A biological marker (biomarker) is a physical sign or laboratory measurement that can serve as an indicator of biological or pathophysiological processes or as a response to a therapeutic intervention. An applicable biomarker possesses the characteristics of clinical relevance (sensitivity and specificity for the disease) and is responsive to treatment effects, in combination with simplicity, reliability and repeatability of the sampling technique. Presently, there are several biomarkers for asthma and allergic rhinitis that can be obtained by non-invasive or semi-invasive airway sampling methods meeting at least some of these criteria. In clinical practice, such biomarkers can provide complementary information to conventional disease markers, including clinical signs, spirometry and PC(20)methacholine or histamine. Consequently, biomarkers can aid to establish the diagnosis, in staging and monitoring of the disease activity/progression or in predicting or monitoring of a treatment response. Especially in (young) children, reliable, non-invasive biomarkers would be valuable. Apart from diagnostic purposes, biomarkers can also be used as (surrogate) markers to predict a (novel) drug's efficacy in target populations. Therefore, biomarkers are increasingly applied in early drug development. When implementing biomarkers in clinical practice or trials of asthma and allergic rhinitis, it is important to consider the heterogeneous nature of the inflammatory response which should direct the selection of adequate biomarkers. Some biomarker sampling techniques await further development and/or validation, and should therefore be applied as a "back up" of established biomarkers or methods. In addition, some biomarkers or sampling techniques are less suitable for (very young) children. Hence, on a case by case basis, a decision needs to be made what biomarker is adequate for the target population or purpose pursued. Future development of more sophisticated sampling methods and quantification techniques, such as--omics and biomedical imaging, will enable detection of adequate biomarkers for both clinical and research applications.
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Baraldi E, Carraro S, Giordano G, Reniero F, Perilongo G, Zacchello F. Metabolomics: moving towards personalized medicine. Ital J Pediatr 2009; 35:30. [PMID: 19852788 PMCID: PMC2773773 DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-35-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In many fields of medicine there is a growing interest in characterizing diseases at molecular level with a view to developing an individually tailored therapeutic approach. Metabolomics is a novel area that promises to contribute significantly to the characterization of various disease phenotypes and to the identification of personal metabolic features that can predict response to therapies. Based on analytical platforms such as mass spectrometry or NMR-based spectroscopy, the metabolomic approach enables a comprehensive overview of the metabolites, leading to the characterization of the metabolic fingerprint of a given sample. These metabolic fingerprints can then be used to distinguish between different disease phenotypes and to predict a drug's effectiveness and/or toxicity. Several studies published in the last few years applied the metabolomic approach in the field of pediatric medicine. Being a highly informative technique that can be used on samples collected non-invasively (e.g. urine or exhaled breath condensate), metabolomics has appeal for the study of pediatric diseases. Here we present and discuss the pediatric clinical studies that have taken the metabolomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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