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Ciaglia T, Vestuto V, Di Sarno V, Musella S, Smaldone G, Di Matteo F, Napolitano V, Miranda MR, Pepe G, Basilicata MG, Novi S, Capolupo I, Bifulco G, Campiglia P, Gomez-Monterrey I, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Manfra M, Ostacolo C, Lauro G, Bertamino A. Peptidomimetics as potent dual SARS-CoV-2 cathepsin-L and main protease inhibitors: In silico design, synthesis and pharmacological characterization. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116128. [PMID: 38232463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In this paper we present the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new series of peptidomimetics acting as potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Starting from our previously described Main Protease (MPro) and Papain Like Protease (PLPro) dual inhibitor, CV11, here we disclose its high inhibitory activity against cathepsin L (CTSL) (IC50 = 19.80 ± 4.44 nM), an emerging target in SARS-CoV-2 infection machinery. An in silico design, inspired by the structure of CV11, led to the development of a library of peptidomimetics showing interesting activities against CTSL and Mpro, allowing us to trace the chemical requirements for the binding to both enzymes. The screening in Vero cells infected with 5 different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns, highlighted sub-micromolar activities for most of the synthesized compounds (13, 15, 16, 17 and 31) in agreement with the enzymatic inhibition assays results. The compounds showed lack of activity against several different RNA viruses except for the 229E and OC43 human coronavirus strains, also characterized by a cathepsin-L dependent release into the host cells. The most promising derivatives were also evaluated for their chemical and metabolic in-vitro stability, with derivatives 15 and 17 showing a suitable profile for further preclinical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Sarno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Simona Musella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gerardina Smaldone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Matteo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valeria Napolitano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Miranda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Sara Novi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ilaria Capolupo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; European Biomedical Research Institute (EBRIS), Via S. De Renzi 50, 84125, Salerno, Italy
| | - Isabel Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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Liu L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Dong X, Jiang X, Huang X, Li W, Xie X, Qiu X. Analysis of cellular response to drugs with a microfluidic single-cell platform based on hyperspectral imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342158. [PMID: 38220290 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular response to pharmacological action of drugs is significant for drug development. Traditional detection method for cellular response to drugs normally rely on cell proliferation assay and metabolomics examination. In principle, these analytical methods often required cell labeling, invasion analysis, and hours of co-culture with drugs, which are relatively complex and time-consuming. Moreover, these methods can only indicate the drug effectiveness on cell colony rather than single cells. Thus, to meet the requirements of personal precision medicine, the development of drug response analysis on the high resolution of single cell is demanded. RESULTS To provide precise result for drug response on single-cell level, a microfluidic platform coupled with the label-free hyperspectral imaging was developed. With the help of horizontal single-cell trapping sieves, hundreds of single cells were trapped independently in microfluidic channels for the purposes of real-time drug delivery and single-cell hyperspectral image recording. To significantly identify the cellular hyperspectral change after drug stimulation, the differenced single-cell spectrum was proposed. Compared with the deep learning classification method based on hyperspectral images, an optimal performance can be achieved by the classification strategy based on differenced spectra. And the cellular response to different reagents, for example, K+, Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and Gefitinib at different concentrations can be accurately characterized by the differenced single-cell spectra analysis. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The high-throughput, rapid analysis of cellular response to drugs at the single-cell level can be accurately performed by our platform. After systematically analyzing the materials and the structures of the single-cell microfluidic chip, the optimal single-cell trapping method was proposed to contribute to the further application of hyperspectral imaging on microfluidic single-cell analysis. And the hyperspectral characterization of single-cell with cancer drug stimulation proved the application potential of our method in personal cancer medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Liu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xueyu Zhang
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaobin Dong
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xianbo Qiu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Abouir K, Samer C, Landry R, Varesio E, Daali Y. Stereoselective separation of omeprazole and 5-hydroxy-omeprazole using dried plasma spots and a heart-cutting 2D-LC approach for accurate CYP2C19 phenotyping. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123962. [PMID: 38096743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Omeprazole (OME) is a widely used gastric proton pump inhibitor, marketed as a racemic mixture comprising (S)- and (R)-enantiomers, with distinct pharmacokinetic profiles. OME is primarily metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzymes 2C19 (CYP2C19) and 3A4 (CYP3A4). OME is a conventional probe for CYP2C19 phenotyping. Accurate measurement of these enantiomers and their metabolites is essential for pharmacokinetic studies. This article presents a sensitive and accurate two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of OME enantiomers and its hydroxylated metabolite (5-hydroxyomeprazole) in human plasma. The method involves an online extraction using an achiral Discovery HS C18 trapping column for purification (20 × 2.1 mm ID, 5μm particle size, Supelco) and subsequent forward flush elution onto a chlorinated phenylcarbamate cellulose-based chiral column (150x2mm ID, 3 μm particle size, Lux Cellulose-4, Phenomenex). The assay was fully validated and met international validation criteria for accuracy, precision, and stability and ensured high selectivity and sensitivity within a short runtime (<8 min). Application of this method to clinical samples demonstrated its utility in studying OME enantiomer pharmacokinetics, particularly its potential for phenotyping the activity of the CYP2C19 isoenzyme. This robust analytical approach offers a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers studying OME's pharmacokinetics, providing insights into its metabolism and potential implications for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenza Abouir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Romain Landry
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Varesio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Dagne A, Degu S, Abebe A, Bisrat D. Antibacterial Activity of a Phenylpropanoid from the Root Extract of Carduus leptacanthus Fresen. J Trop Med 2023; 2023:4983608. [PMID: 37711213 PMCID: PMC10499531 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4983608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence and rapid spread of antimicrobial drug-resistance microorganisms exacerbate the treatment of infectious diseases, underscoring the importance of finding new, safe, and effective drugs. In Ethiopia, the roots of Carduus leptacanthus have traditionally been employed to treat microbial infectious diseases The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the root extract and its primary components against six bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia). Methods The extraction involved maceration of air-dried and powdered roots of C. leptacanthus with 80% methanol. The compound was isolated from the root extract using silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization in CHCl3/MeOH (9 : 1) and was characterized using ESI-MS and 1D-NMR spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity of the extract was assessed using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Results Syringin, a phenylpropanoid, was isolated and characterized from the extract of C. leptacanthus. The extract showed the most substantial efficacy against S. epidermidis (MIC = 5.33 mg/ml and inhibition zone diameter of 24 mm at 200 mg/m). Syringin also elicited antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC = 13.33 mg/ml), S. epidermidis (MIC = 16 mg/ml), and S. agalactiae (MIC = 16 mg/ml). Despite being tested up to a maximum concentration of 16 mg/ml, syringin did not exhibit antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and K. pneumonia). Conclusions In conclusion, the findings suggest that syringin exhibits partial involvement in the root extract's antibacterial activity, thereby potentially supporting the traditional medicinal use of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Dagne
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Sileshi Degu
- Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Abebe
- Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Bisrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Guselnikova O, Elashnikov R, Svorcik V, Kartau M, Gilroy C, Gadegaard N, Kadodwala M, Karimullah AS, Lyutakov O. Coupling of plasmonic hot spots with shurikens for superchiral SERS-based enantiomer recognition. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:499-508. [PMID: 36752733 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00008g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Detection of enantiomers is a challenging problem in drug development as well as environmental and food quality monitoring where traditional optical detection methods suffer from low signals and sensitivity. Application of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for enantiomeric discrimination is a powerful approach for the analysis of optically active small organic or large biomolecules. In this work, we proposed the coupling of disposable chiral plasmonic shurikens supporting the chiral near-field distribution with SERS active silver nanoclusters for enantio-selective sensing. As a result of the plasmonic coupling, significant difference in SERS response of optically active analytes is observed. The observations are studied by numerical simulations and it is hypothesized that the silver particles are being excited by superchiral fields generated at the surface inducing additional polarizations in the probe molecules. The plasmon coupling phenomena was found to be extremely sensitive to slight variations in shuriken geometry, silver nanostructured layer parameters, and SERS excitation wavelength(s). Designed structures were able to discriminate cysteine enantiomers at concentrations in the nanomolar range and probe biomolecular chirality, using a common Raman spectrometer within several minutes. The combination of disposable plasmonic substrates with specific near-field polarization can make the SERS enantiomer discrimination a commonly available technique using standard Raman spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Guselnikova
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation.
| | - Roman Elashnikov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vaclav Svorcik
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Kartau
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Cameron Gilroy
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Malcolm Kadodwala
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Affar S Karimullah
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Oleksiy Lyutakov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Rajakumara E, Saniya D, Bajaj P, Rajeshwari R, Giri J, Davari MD. Hijacking Chemical Reactions of P450 Enzymes for Altered Chemical Reactions and Asymmetric Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010214. [PMID: 36613657 PMCID: PMC9820634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s are heme-containing enzymes capable of the oxidative transformation of a wide range of organic substrates. A protein scaffold that coordinates the heme iron, and the catalytic pocket residues, together, determine the reaction selectivity and regio- and stereo-selectivity of the P450 enzymes. Different substrates also affect the properties of P450s by binding to its catalytic pocket. Modulating the redox potential of the heme by substituting iron-coordinating residues changes the chemical reaction, the type of cofactor requirement, and the stereoselectivity of P450s. Around hundreds of P450s are experimentally characterized, therefore, a mechanistic understanding of the factors affecting their catalysis is increasingly vital in the age of synthetic biology and biotechnology. Engineering P450s can enable them to catalyze a variety of chemical reactions viz. oxygenation, peroxygenation, cyclopropanation, epoxidation, nitration, etc., to synthesize high-value chiral organic molecules with exceptionally high stereo- and regioselectivity and catalytic efficiency. This review will focus on recent studies of the mechanistic understandings of the modulation of heme redox potential in the engineered P450 variants, and the effect of small decoy molecules, dual function small molecules, and substrate mimetics on the type of chemical reaction and the catalytic cycle of the P450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eerappa Rajakumara
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Dubey Saniya
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India
| | - Priyanka Bajaj
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH-44, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Rajanna Rajeshwari
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot Campus, GKVK, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.D.D.)
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7
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Ahmed H, Zheng MQ, Smart K, Fang H, Zhang L, Emery PR, Gao H, Ropchan J, Haider A, Tamagnan G, Carson RE, Ametamey SM, Huang Y. Evaluation of ( rac)-, ( R)-, and ( S)- 18F-OF-NB1 for Imaging GluN2B Subunit-Containing N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors in Nonhuman Primates. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1912-1918. [PMID: 35710735 PMCID: PMC9730915 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.263977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite 2 decades of research, no N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor (GluN) subtype 2B (GluN1/2B) radioligand is yet clinically validated. Previously, we reported on (rac)-18F-OF-NB1 as a promising GluN1/2B PET probe in rodents and its successful application for the visualization of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in postmortem brain tissues of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the current work, we report on the in vivo characterization of (rac)-, (R)-, and (S)-18F-OF-NB1 in nonhuman primates. Methods: PET scans were performed on rhesus monkeys. Plasma profiling was used to obtain the arterial input function. Regional brain time-activity curves were generated and fitted with the 1- and 2-tissue-compartment models and the multilinear analysis 1 method, and the corresponding regional volumes of distribution were calculated. Blocking studies with the GluN1/2B ligand Co 101244 (0.25 mg/kg) were performed for the enantiopure radiotracers. Receptor occupancy, nonspecific volume of distribution, and regional binding potential (BP ND) were obtained. Potential off-target binding toward σ1 receptors was assessed for (S)-18F-OF-NB1 using the σ1 receptor ligand FTC-146. Results: Free plasma fraction was moderate, ranging from 12% to 16%. All radiotracers showed high and heterogeneous brain uptake, with the highest levels in the cortex. (R)-18F-OF-NB1 showed the highest uptake and slowest washout kinetics of all tracers. The 1-tissue-compartment model and multilinear analysis 1 method fitted the regional time-activity curves well for all tracers and produced reliable regional volumes of distribution, which were higher for (R)- than (S)-18F-OF-NB1. Receptor occupancy by Co 101244 was 85% and 96% for (S)-18F-OF-NB1 and (R)-18F-OF-NB1, respectively. Pretreatment with FTC-146 at both a low (0.027 mg/kg) and high (0.125 mg/kg) dose led to a similar reduction (48% and 49%, respectively) in specific binding of (S)-18F-OF-NB1. Further, pretreatment with both Co 101244 and FTC-146 did not result in a further reduction in specific binding compared with Co 101244 alone in the same monkey (82% vs. 81%, respectively). Regional BP ND values ranged from 1.3 in the semiovale to 3.4 in the cingulate cortex for (S)-18F-OF-NB1. Conclusion: Both (R)- and (S)-18F-OF-NB1 exhibited high binding specificity to GluN2B subunit-containing NMDA receptors. The fast washout kinetics, good regional BP ND values, and high plasma free fraction render (S)-18F-OF-NB1 an attractive radiotracer for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Ahmed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | | | - Kelly Smart
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Hanyi Fang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
- Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Paul R Emery
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Hong Gao
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Simon M Ametamey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
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Saleh B, Li L, Chen X, Li J, Jiang Data analysis S, Liu R, He L. Determination of closantel enantiomers in black goat plasma and their pharmacokinetic characteristics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1210:123414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Saha R, Mondal B, Mukherjee PS. Molecular Cavity for Catalysis and Formation of Metal Nanoparticles for Use in Catalysis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12244-12307. [PMID: 35438968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The employment of weak intermolecular interactions in supramolecular chemistry offers an alternative approach to project artificial chemical environments like the active sites of enzymes. Discrete molecular architectures with defined shapes and geometries have become a revolutionary field of research in recent years because of their intrinsic porosity and ease of synthesis using dynamic non-covalent/covalent interactions. Several porous molecular cages have been constructed from simple building blocks by self-assembly, which undergoes many self-correction processes to form the final architecture. These supramolecular systems have been developed to demonstrate numerous applications, such as guest stabilization, drug delivery, catalysis, smart materials, and many other related fields. In this respect, catalysis in confined nanospaces using such supramolecular cages has seen significant growth over the years. These porous discrete cages contain suitable apertures for easy intake of substrates and smooth release of products to exhibit exceptional catalytic efficacy. This review highlights recent advancements in catalytic activity influenced by the nanocavities of hydrogen-bonded cages, metal-ligand coordination cages, and dynamic or reversible covalently bonded organic cages in different solvent media. Synthetic strategies for these three types of supramolecular systems are discussed briefly and follow similar and simplistic approaches manifested by simple starting materials and benign conditions. These examples demonstrate the progress of various functionalized molecular cages for specific chemical transformations in aqueous and nonaqueous media. Finally, we discuss the enduring challenges related to porous cage compounds that need to be overcome for further developments in this field of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Saha
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur-495 009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
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10
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Soleymani Movahed F, Foo SW, Mori S, Ogawa S, Saito S. Phosphorus-Based Organocatalysis for the Dehydrative Cyclization of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)amides into 2-Oxazolines. J Org Chem 2021; 87:243-257. [PMID: 34882422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, biomimetic catalytic protocol for the cyclization of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amides to the corresponding 2-oxazolines (4,5-dihydrooxazoles), promoted by the 1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphorine (TAP)-derived organocatalyst tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene (TAP-1) has been developed. This approach requires less precatalyst compared to the reported relevant systems, with respect to the phosphorus atom (the maximum turnover number (TON) ∼ 30), and exhibits a broader substrate scope and higher functional-group tolerance, providing the functionalized 2-oxazolines with retention of the configuration at the C(4) stereogenic center of the 2-oxazolines. Widely accessible β-amino alcohols can be used in this approach, and the cyclization of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amides provides the desired 2-oxazolines in up to 99% yield. The mechanism of the reaction was studied by monitoring the reaction using spectral and analytical methods, whereby an 18O-labeling experiment furnished valuable insights. The initial step involves a stoichiometric reaction between the substrate and TAP-1, which leads to the in situ generation of the catalyst, a catechol cyclic phosphate, as well as to a pyrocatechol phosphate and two possible active intermediates. The dehydrative cyclization was also successfully conducted on the gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siong Wan Foo
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shogo Mori
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Saeko Ogawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Susumu Saito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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11
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Chong HY, Leow CY, Leow CH. Generation of soluble, disulfide-rich JEV NS1 protein recognizable by anti-NS1 antibodies through a simplified, in vitro refolding approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:485-493. [PMID: 34174313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Co-existence of Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) with highly homologous antigenic epitopes results in antibody-based serodiagnosis being inaccurate at detecting and distinguishing JEV from other flaviviruses. This often causes misdiagnosis and inefficient treatments of flavivirus infection. Generation of JEV NS1 protein remains a challenge as it is notably expressed in the form of inactive aggregates known as inclusion bodies using bacterial expression systems. This study evaluated two trxB and gor E. coli strains in producing soluble JEV NS1 via a cold-shock expression system. High yield of JEV NS1 inclusion bodies was produced using cold-shocked expression system. Subsequently, a simplified yet successful approach in generating soluble, active JEV NS1 protein through solubilization, purification and in vitro refolding of JEV NS1 protein from inclusion bodies was developed. A step-wise dialysis refolding approach was used to facilitate JEV NS1 refolding. The authenticity of the refolded JEV NS1 was confirmed by specific antibody binding on indirect ELISA commercial anti-NS1 antibodies which showed that the refolded JEV NS1 was highly immunoreactive. This presented approach is cost-effective, and negates the need for mammalian or insect cell expression systems in order to synthesize this JEV NS1 protein of important diagnostic and therapeutic relevance in Japanese Encephalitis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ying Chong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Glugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Yee Leow
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Glugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Glugor, Penang, Malaysia.
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12
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Mohammed MS, Hefnawy MM, Al-Majed AA, Alrabiah HK, Algrain NA, Obaidullah AJ, Altamimi AS, Bin Jardan YA, Al-Hossaini AM. Development and Validation of a Chiral Liquid Chromatographic Assay for Enantiomeric Separation and Quantification of Verapamil in Rat Plasma: Stereoselective Pharmacokinetic Application. Molecules 2021; 26:2091. [PMID: 33917412 PMCID: PMC8038655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, fast and sensitive enantioselective HPLC assay with a new core-shell isopropyl carbamate cyclofructan 6 (superficially porous particle, SPP) chiral column (LarihcShell-P, LSP) was developed and validated for the enantiomeric separation and quantification of verapamil (VER) in rat plasma. The polar organic mobile phase composed of acetonitrile/methanol/trifluoroacetic acid/triethylamine (98:2:0.05: 0.025, v/v/v/v) and a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min was applied. Fluorescence detection set at excitation/emission wavelengths 280/313 nm was used and the whole analysis process was within 3.5 min, which is 10-fold lower than the previous reported HPLC methods in the literature. Propranolol was selected as the internal standard. The S-(-)- and R-(+)-VER enantiomers with the IS were extracted from rat plasma by utilizing Waters Oasis HLB C18 solid phase extraction cartridges without interference from endogenous compounds. The developed assay was validated following the US-FDA guidelines over the concentration range of 1-450 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.997) for each enantiomer (plasma) and the lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL for both isomers. The intra- and inter-day precisions were not more than 11.6% and the recoveries of S-(-)- and R-(+)-VER at all quality control levels ranged from 92.3% to 98.2%. The developed approach was successfully applied to the stereoselective pharmacokinetic study of VER enantiomers after oral administration of 10 mg/kg racemic VER to Wistar rats. It was found that S-(-)-VER established higher Cmax and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values than the R-(+)-enantiomer. The newly developed approach is the first chiral HPLC for the enantiomeric separation and quantification of verapamil utilizing a core-shell isopropyl carbamate cyclofructan 6 chiral column in rat plasma within 3.5 min after solid phase extraction (SPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa S. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo P.O. Box 29, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdulrhman A. Al-Majed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
| | - Haitham K. Alrabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
| | - Nasser A. Algrain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
| | - Abdulmalik S. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Hossaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
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13
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A Systematic Study of the In Vitro Pharmacokinetics and Estimated Human In Vivo Clearance of Indole and Indazole-3-Carboxamide Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Detected on the Illicit Drug Market. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051396. [PMID: 33807614 PMCID: PMC7961380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro pharmacokinetic studies were conducted on enantiomer pairs of twelve valinate or tert-leucinate indole and indazole-3-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) detected on the illicit drug market to investigate their physicochemical parameters and structure-metabolism relationships (SMRs). Experimentally derived Log D7.4 ranged from 2.81 (AB-FUBINACA) to 4.95 (MDMB-4en-PINACA) and all SCRAs tested were highly protein bound, ranging from 88.9 ± 0.49% ((R)-4F-MDMB-BINACA) to 99.5 ± 0.08% ((S)-MDMB-FUBINACA). Most tested SCRAs were cleared rapidly in vitro in pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM) and pooled cryopreserved human hepatocytes (pHHeps). Intrinsic clearance (CLint) ranged from 13.7 ± 4.06 ((R)-AB-FUBINACA) to 2944 ± 95.9 mL min−1 kg−1 ((S)-AMB-FUBINACA) in pHLM, and from 110 ± 34.5 ((S)-AB-FUBINACA) to 3216 ± 607 mL min−1 kg−1 ((S)-AMB-FUBINACA) in pHHeps. Predicted Human in vivo hepatic clearance (CLH) ranged from 0.34 ± 0.09 ((S)-AB-FUBINACA) to 17.79 ± 0.20 mL min−1 kg−1 ((S)-5F-AMB-PINACA) in pHLM and 1.39 ± 0.27 ((S)-MDMB-FUBINACA) to 18.25 ± 0.12 mL min−1 kg−1 ((S)-5F-AMB-PINACA) in pHHeps. Valinate and tert-leucinate indole and indazole-3-carboxamide SCRAs are often rapidly metabolised in vitro but are highly protein bound in vivo and therefore predicted in vivo CLH is much slower than CLint. This is likely to give rise to longer detection windows of these substances and their metabolites in urine, possibly as a result of accumulation of parent drug in lipid-rich tissues, with redistribution into the circulatory system and subsequent metabolism.
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14
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Suliman FO, Al Burtomani SK, Elbashir AA, Schmitz OJ. Capillary electrophoresis and molecular modeling of the chiral separation of aromatic amino acids using α/β-cyclodextrin and 18-crown-6. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1800-1809. [PMID: 33539040 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this work, chiral separation of enantiomers of three amino acids was achieved using capillary electrophoresis technique with α-cyclodextrin (αCD) as a running buffer additive. Only tryptophan has exhibited baseline separation in the presence of αCD, while the enantiomers of the other two amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine, were only partially separated. The addition of 18-crown-6 (18C6) as a second additive imparted only slight improvement to the separation of all enantiomers. On the other hand, all three racemic amino acid mixtures demonstrated no indication of separation when the larger cavity cyclodextrin members, β- and γCD, are used as running buffer chiral additives. However, remarkable improvements in the separation of the enantiomers of phenylalanine and tyrosine were obtained when 18C6 is used together with βCD as a running buffer additive. Surprisingly, tryptophan enantiomers were not separated by the dual additive system of cyclodextrin and crown ether. Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), all amino acids were found to form stable binary complexes with individual hosts as well as ternary compounds involving the crown ether and the cyclodextrin. Furthermore, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to build a clear picture about the interaction between the guest and the hosts. Most of these complexes remained stable throughout the simulation times, and the molecular dynamics study allowed better understanding of these supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- FakhrEldin O Suliman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, 123, Oman
| | - Suad K Al Burtomani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, 123, Oman
| | - Abdulla A Elbashir
- University of Khartoum, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Khartoum, 11114, Sudan.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oliver J Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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15
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Leong SX, Koh CSL, Sim HYF, Lee YH, Han X, Phan-Quang GC, Ling XY. Enantiospecific Molecular Fingerprinting Using Potential-Modulated Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering to Achieve Label-Free Chiral Differentiation. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1817-1825. [PMID: 33399441 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chiral differentiation is critical in diverse fields ranging from pharmaceutics to chiral synthesis. While surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers molecule-specific vibrational information with high detection sensitivity, current strategies rely on indirect detection using additional selectors and cannot exploit SERS' key advantages for univocal and generic chiral differentiation. Here, we achieve direct, label-free SERS sensing of biologically important enantiomers by synergizing asymmetric nanoporous gold (NPG) nanoparticles with electrochemical-SERS to generate enantiospecific molecular fingerprints. Experimental and in silico studies reveal that chiral recognition is two pronged. First, the numerous surface atomic defects in NPG provide the necessary localized asymmetric environment to induce enantiospecific molecular adsorptions and interaction affinities. Concurrently, the applied potential drives and orients the enantiomers close to the NPG surface for maximal analyte-surface interactions. Notably, our strategy is versatile and can be readily extended to detect various enantiomers. Furthermore, we can achieve multiplex quantification of enantiomeric ratios with excellent predictive performance. Our combinatorial approach thus offers an important paradigm shift from current approaches to achieve label-free chiral SERS sensing of various enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xuan Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Charlynn Sher Lin Koh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Howard Yi Fan Sim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Yih Hong Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Xuemei Han
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Gia Chuong Phan-Quang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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16
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de Koster N, Clark CP, Kohler I. Past, present, and future developments in enantioselective analysis using capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:38-57. [PMID: 32914880 PMCID: PMC7821218 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enantioseparation of chiral products has become increasingly important in a large diversity of academic and industrial applications. The separation of chiral compounds is inherently challenging and thus requires a suitable analytical technique that can achieve high resolution and sensitivity. In this context, CE has shown remarkable results so far. Chiral CE offers an orthogonal enantioselectivity and is typically considered less costly than chromatographic techniques, since only minute amounts of chiral selectors are needed. Several CE approaches have been developed for chiral analysis, including chiral EKC and chiral CEC. Enantioseparations by EKC benefit from the wide variety of possible pseudostationary phases that can be employed. Chiral CEC, on the other hand, combines chromatographic separation principles with the bulk fluid movement of CE, benefitting from reduced band broadening as compared to pressure-driven systems. Although UV detection is conventionally used for these approaches, MS can also be considered. CE-MS represents a promising alternative due to the increased sensitivity and selectivity, enabling the chiral analysis of complex samples. The potential contamination of the MS ion source in EKC-MS can be overcome using partial-filling and counter-migration techniques. However, chiral analysis using monolithic and open-tubular CEC-MS awaits additional method validation and a dedicated commercial interface. Further efforts in chiral CE are expected toward the improvement of existing techniques, the development of novel pseudostationary phases, and establishing the use of chiral ionic liquids, molecular imprinted polymers, and metal-organic frameworks. These developments will certainly foster the adoption of CE(-MS) as a well-established technique in routine chiral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky de Koster
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Charles P. Clark
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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17
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David V, Moldoveanu SC, Galaon T. Derivatization procedures and their analytical performances for HPLC determination in bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5008. [PMID: 33084080 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization, or chemical structure modification, is often used in bioanalysis performed by liquid chromatography technique in order to enhance detectability or to improve the chromatographic performance for the target analytes. The derivatization process is discussed according to the analytical procedure used to achieve the reaction between the reagent and the target compounds (containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl as the main functional groups involved in derivatization). Important procedures for derivatization used in bioanalysis are in situ or based on extraction processes (liquid-liquid, solid-phase and related techniques) applied to the biomatrix. In the review, chiral, isotope-labeling, hydrophobicity-tailored and post-column derivatizations are also included, based on representative publications in the literature during the last two decades. Examples of derivatization reagents and brief reaction conditions are included, together with some bioanalytical applications and performances (chromatographic conditions, detection limit, stability and sample biomatrix).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Toma Galaon
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Bucharest-6, Romania
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18
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Ratih R, Wätzig H, Stein M, El Deeb S. Investigation of the enantioselective interaction between selected drug enantiomers and human serum albumin by mobility shift-affinity capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3960-3968. [PMID: 32823373 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mobility shift-affinity capillary electrophoresis was employed for enantioseparation and simultaneous binding constant determination. Human serum albumin was used as a chiral selector in the background electrolyte composed of 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The applied setup supports a high mobility shift since albumin and the drug-albumin complex hold negative net charges, while model compounds of amlodipine and verapamil are positively charged. In order to have an accurate effective mobility determination, the Haarhoff-van der Linde function was utilized. Subsequently, the association constant was determined by nonlinear regression analysis of the dependence of effective mobilities on the total protein concentration. Differences in the apparent binding status between the enantiomers lead to mobility shifts of different extends (α). This resulted in enantioresolutions of Rs = 1.05-3.63 for both drug models. R-(+)-Verapamil (KA 1844 M-1 ) proved to bind stronger to human serum albumin compared to S-(-)-verapamil (KA 6.6 M-1 ). The association constant of S-(-)-amlodipine (KA 25 073 M-1 ) was found to be slightly higher compared to its antipode (KA 22 620 M-1 ) when applying the racemic mixture. The low measurement uncertainty of this approach was demonstrated by the close agreement of the association constant of the enantiopure S-(-)-form (KA 25 101 M-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratih Ratih
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Stein
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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19
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Yohannes A, Feng X, Yao S. Dispersive solid-phase extraction of racemic drugs using chiral ionic liquid-metal-organic framework composite sorbent. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461395. [PMID: 32823100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, enantioseparation of racemic pharmaceuticals in preparations is a prime concern by drug authorities across the globe. In the present work, it was attempted to develop novel enantioselective extraction method for five clinically used drugs (atenolol, propranolol, metoprolol, racecadotril, and raceanisodamine in their tablets) as racemates. The enantioselective solid-liquid extraction of these racemic drugs was carried out successfully by the use of chiral ionic liquid (CIL) in combination with a metal organic framework (MOF) for the first time. The composite CIL@MOF was synthesized from tropine based chiral ionic liquids with L-proline anion ([CnTr][L-Pro], n=3-6) and HKUST-1 type MOF, which was comprehensively characterized before being used as sorbent for enantioselective dispersive solid-liquid extraction. Preliminary selection of appropriate CIL was carried out on thin layer chromatography (TLC); under the joint participation of copper ion in the developing reagent, [C3Tr][L-Pro] ionic liquid showed better resolution performance with ΔRf value of 0.35 between the enantiomers was obtained for racemic atenolol. Moreover, the effect of copper salt dosage, amount of CIL, soli-liquid ratio and extraction time were investigated. The optimal conditions were obtained after thorough investigations; i.e. sample solution: ethanol, elution solvent: methanol, solid-liquid ratio: 12.5 mg:50 mL, amount of copper salt: 8 mg L-1, amount of impregnated CIL: 30% and extraction time of 30 min. As a result, enantiomeric excess values are 90.4%, 95%, 92%, 81.6% and 83.2% for atenolol, propranolol, metoprolol, racecadotril and raceanisodamine, respectively. The developed enantioselective method was validated following ICH guidelines and it was proved to be simple, effective and enantioselective way for separation of racemic pharmaceuticals with similar behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alula Yohannes
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xueting Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shun Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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20
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Song L, Pan M, Zhao R, Deng J, Wu Y. Recent advances, challenges and perspectives in enantioselective release. J Control Release 2020; 324:156-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Nowadays, biocatalysts have received much more attention in chemistry regarding their potential to enable high efficiency, high yield, and eco-friendly processes for a myriad of applications. Nature’s vast repository of catalysts has inspired synthetic chemists. Furthermore, the revolutionary technologies in bioengineering have provided the fast discovery and evolution of enzymes that empower chemical synthesis. This article attempts to deliver a comprehensive overview of the last two decades of investigation into enzymatic reactions and highlights the effective performance progress of bio-enzymes exploited in organic synthesis. Based on the types of enzymatic reactions and enzyme commission (E.C.) numbers, the enzymes discussed in the article are classified into oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, and lyases. These applications should provide us with some insight into enzyme design strategies and molecular mechanisms.
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22
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Elder FCT, Feil EJ, Snape J, Gaze WH, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. The role of stereochemistry of antibiotic agents in the development of antibiotic resistance in the environment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105681. [PMID: 32251898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is now recognised as a serious global health and economic threat that is most efficiently managed via a 'one health' approach incorporating environmental risk assessment. Although the environmental dimension of ABR has been largely overlooked, recent studies have underlined the importance of non-clinical settings in the emergence and spread of resistant strains. Despite this, several research gaps remain in regard to the development of a robust and fit-for-purpose environmental risk assessment for ABR drivers such as antibiotics (ABs). Here we explore the role the environment plays in the dissemination of ABR within the context of stereochemistry and its particular form, enantiomerism. Taking chloramphenicol as a proof of principle, we argue that stereoisomerism of ABs impacts on biological properties and the mechanisms of resistance and we discuss more broadly the importance of stereochemistry (enantiomerism in particular) with respect to antimicrobial potency and range of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity C T Elder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA27AY Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J Feil
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA27AY Bath, United Kingdom
| | - JasoN Snape
- AstraZeneca Global Safety, Health and Environment, Mereside, Macclesfield SK10, 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - William H Gaze
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3HD, United Kingdom
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23
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Zhu YD, Pang HL, Zhou QH, Qin ZF, Jin Q, Finel M, Wang YN, Qin WW, Lu Y, Wang DD, Ge GB. An ultra-sensitive and easy-to-use assay for sensing human UGT1A1 activities in biological systems. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:263-270. [PMID: 32612873 PMCID: PMC7322753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), one of the most essential conjugative enzymes, is responsible for the metabolism and detoxification of bilirubin and other endogenous substances, as well as many different xenobiotic compounds. Deciphering UGT1A1 relevance to human diseases and characterizing the effects of small molecules on the activities of UGT1A1 requires reliable tools for probing the function of this key enzyme in complex biological matrices. Herein, an easy-to-use assay for highly-selective and sensitive monitoring of UGT1A1 activities in various biological matrices, using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FD), has been developed and validated. The newly developed LC-FD based assay has been confirmed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, precision, quantitative linear range and stability. One of its main advantages is lowering the limits of detection and quantification by about 100-fold in comparison to the previous assay that used the same probe substrate, enabling reliable quantification of lower amounts of active enzyme than any other method. The precision test demonstrated that both intra- and inter-day variations for this assay were less than 5.5%. Furthermore, the newly developed assay has also been successfully used to screen and characterize the regulatory effects of small molecules on the expression level of UGT1A1 in living cells. Overall, an easy-to-use LC-FD based assay has been developed for ultra-sensitive UGT1A1 activities measurements in various biological systems, providing an inexpensive and practical approach for exploring the role of UGT1A1 in human diseases, interactions with xenobiotics, and characterization modulatory effects of small molecules on this conjugative enzyme. An easy-to-use assay for sensing UGT1A1 activities has been developed, using LC-FD. The newly developed assay is fully validated. The LC-FD based assay is currently the most sensitive UGT1A1 activity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Di Zhu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui-Lin Pang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Qi-Hang Zhou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zi-Fei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Jin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Moshe Finel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Yi-Nan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei-Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
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24
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Quantification of aminobutyric acids and their clinical applications as biomarkers for osteoporosis. Commun Biol 2020; 3:39. [PMID: 31969651 PMCID: PMC6976694 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent chronic aging-related disease that frequently is only detected after fracture. We hypothesized that aminobutyric acids could serve as biomarkers for osteoporosis. We developed a quick, accurate, and sensitive screening method for aminobutyric acid isomers and enantiomers yielding correlations with bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporotic fracture. In serum, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acid (D-BAIBA) have positive associations with physical activity in young lean women. D-BAIBA positively associated with hip BMD in older individuals without osteoporosis/osteopenia. Lower levels of GABA were observed in 60–80 year old women with osteoporotic fractures. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in seven genes related to these metabolites associated with BMD and osteoporosis. In peripheral blood monocytes, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, an enzyme essential to D-BAIBA generation, exhibited positive association with physical activity and hip BMD. Along with their signaling roles, BAIBA and GABA might serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatments of osteoporosis. Wang et al. develop an LC/MS based screening method to separate and quantify aminobutyric acids isoforms. Applying it to osteoporosis clinical studies, their method yields important correlations with bone mineral density and osteoporotic fracture and highlight the role of γ-aminobutyric acid and β-aminoisobutyric acid as biomarkers for osteoporosis.
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25
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Zhao X, Zang SQ, Chen X. Stereospecific interactions between chiral inorganic nanomaterials and biological systems. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2481-2503. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and plays mysterious and essential roles in maintaining key biological and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zhao
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | | | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- National Institutes of Health
- Bethesda
- USA
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26
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Ou F, Zhou Y, Lei J, Zeng S, Wu F, Zhang N, Yu L. Development of a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of ilaprazole enantiomers in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic application. J Pharm Anal 2019; 10:617-623. [PMID: 33425456 PMCID: PMC7775851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Korea and China, ilaprazole is a widely used proton pump inhibitor in the treatment of gastric ulcers. In this study, a specific and sensitive LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of ilaprazole enantiomers in the rat plasma, using R-lansoprazole as the internal standard. The enantioseparation was achieved on a CHIRALPAK AS-RH column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, i.d. 5 μm), with a mobile phase composed of 10 mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution and acetonitrile (60:40, V/V), at a flow-rate of 0.5 mL/min. The method was validated over the concentration range of 0.5-300 ng/mL for both, R- and S -ilaprazole. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/mL for both enantiomers. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of intra- and inter-day precision of R-ilaprazole and S-ilaprazole was less than 10.9%, and the relative error accuracy (RE) ranged from -0.5%-2.0%. Finally, the method was successfully evaluated in rats in a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study of the ilaprazole racemate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Ou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinxiu Lei
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fuhai Wu
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lushan Yu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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27
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Nie J, Yaro P, He K, Zeng S. Development of a novel LC–MS/MS method for quantitation of triticonazole enantiomers in rat plasma and tissues and application to study on toxicokinetics and tissue distribution. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 172:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Shee PK, Ratnayake ND, Walter T, Goethe O, Onyeozili EN, Walker KD. Exploring the Scope of an α/β-Aminomutase for the Amination of Cinnamate Epoxides to Arylserines and Arylisoserines. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Edith Ndubuaku Onyeozili
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, United States
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29
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Singh A, Kaur N, Kumar Chopra H. Chiral Recognition Methods in Analytical Chemistry: Role of the Chiral Ionic Liquids. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:553-569. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1565985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avtar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
| | - Nirmaljeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
| | - Harish Kumar Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
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30
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Ageeva AA, Babenko SV, Polyakov NE, Leshina TV. NMR investigation of photoinduced chiral inversion in (R)/(S)-naproxen–(S)-tryptophan linked system. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Mikhael S, Abrol R. Chiral Graphs: Reduced Representations of Ligand Scaffolds for Stereoselective Biomolecular Recognition, Drug Design, and Enhanced Exploration of Chemical Structure Space. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:798-809. [PMID: 30821046 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rational structure-based drug design relies on a detailed, atomic-level understanding of protein-ligand interactions. The chiral nature of drug binding sites in proteins has led to the discovery of predominantly chiral drugs. A mechanistic understanding of stereoselectivity (which governs how one stereoisomer of a drug might bind stronger than the others to a protein) depends on the topology of stereocenters in the chiral molecule. Chiral graphs and reduced chiral graphs, introduced here, are new topological representations of chiral ligands using graph theory, to facilitate a detailed understanding of chiral recognition of ligands/drugs by proteins. These representations are demonstrated by application to all ≈14 000+ chiral ligands in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), which will facilitate an understanding of protein-ligand stereoselectivity mechanisms. Ligand modifications during drug development can be easily incorporated into these chiral graphs. In addition, these chiral graphs present an efficient tool for a deep dive into the enormous chemical structure space to enable sampling of unexplored structural scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simoun Mikhael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, California State University, Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - Ravinder Abrol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, California State University, Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
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32
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Neill JL, Yang Y, Muckle MT, Reynolds RL, Evangelisti L, Sonstrom RE, Pate BH, Gupton BF. Online Stereochemical Process Monitoring by Molecular Rotational Resonance Spectroscopy. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin L. Neill
- BrightSpec, Inc., 770 Harris Street Suite 104b, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Matt T. Muckle
- BrightSpec, Inc., 770 Harris Street Suite 104b, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Roger L. Reynolds
- BrightSpec, Inc., 770 Harris Street Suite 104b, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Luca Evangelisti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” dell’Universita, via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Reilly E. Sonstrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Brooks H. Pate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - B. Frank Gupton
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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33
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Salapaka A, Bonige KB, Korupolu RB, T CR, K CR, N S, Sharma HK, Ray UK. A new stability indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of enantiomeric purity of a DPP-4 inhibitor drug linagliptin. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1066-1073. [PMID: 30632171 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and stability indicating isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed, optimized and validated for the separation and quantification of S-enantiomer in linagliptin (R-enantiomer) drug substance. Enantiomeric separation was achieved on a Cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) stationary phase. Mobile phase consists of aqueous diammonium hydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 35:65 v/v. Isocratic elution was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, the column oven temperature was set at 40°C and detection was at 226 nm. The resolution between R and S enantiomers is found to be more than 4.0. The impact of mobile phase composition, pH of buffer and temperature on the resolution has been studied. The detector response is found to be linear over the concentration range of 0.17-1.7 μg/mL. LOD and LOQ levels of S-enantiomer are found to be 0.057 and 0.172 μg/mL respectively. The recovery of S-enantiomer is 99.8% w/w. The proposed method is validated for specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appalacharyulu Salapaka
- APL Research Centre-II (A Division of Aurobindo Pharma Ltd), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Department of Engineering Chemistry, A. U. College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kishore Babu Bonige
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, A. U. College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raghu Babu Korupolu
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, A. U. College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Reddy T
- APL Research Centre-II (A Division of Aurobindo Pharma Ltd), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Reddy K
- APL Research Centre-II (A Division of Aurobindo Pharma Ltd), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sreenivas N
- APL Research Centre-II (A Division of Aurobindo Pharma Ltd), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Sharma
- APL Research Centre-II (A Division of Aurobindo Pharma Ltd), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Ray
- APL Research Centre-II (A Division of Aurobindo Pharma Ltd), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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34
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Wang L, Wang Y, Yu L, Sun C, Kang Y, Zeng S. Direct differentiation of stereoisomers of ezetimibe/ambrisentan/atorvastatin and their mechanism study by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:1238-1246. [PMID: 30276925 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A mass spectrometric method is introduced for rapid and accurate chiral quantification by examining a trimeric metal complex into which a chiral reference is incorporated with the analyte. Several metal ions (CuII , NiII , MgII , MnII , CoII , and ZnII ) were selected as the central metal ion, and chiral drugs ezetimibe (EZM) and ambrisentan (AMB) were used as the reference to each other for isomeric differentiation by using electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Doubly charged trimeric cluster ions instead of the singly charged clusters were applied in this study. Kinetic method (KM) and chiral recognition (CR) method were used for construction of a calibration curve for chiral quantitation. The results from the two methods were found to be complementary to each other, which improved quantitative analysis of stereoisomers for EZM. Furthermore, we have successfully used S-AMB as reference for the chiral differentiation of enantiomeric atorvastatin (ATO), which is frequently combined with EZM as a codrug. Experimental results showed that the binary mixture of EZM and ATO enantiomers can be determined simultaneously without prior separation steps. The direct measurement of chiral purity within 5% was demonstrated. This mass spectrometric method represents an effective alternative to commonly used chromatographic techniques as means of chiral purity determination and is of potential use in rapid screening experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, PR China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yali Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, PR China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lushan Yu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, PR China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Cuirong Sun
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Kang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, PR China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, PR China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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35
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Uteng M, Urban L, Brees D, Muller PY, Kullak-Ublick GA, Bouchard P, Tougas G, Chibout SD. Safety differentiation: emerging competitive edge in drug development. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:285-292. [PMID: 30244081 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With increasing expectations to provide evidence of drug efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness, best-in-class drugs are a major value driver for the pharmaceutical industry. Superior safety is a key differentiation criterion that could be achieved through better risk:benefit profiles, safety margins, fewer contraindications, and improved patient compliance. To accomplish this, comparative safety assessments using innovative and adaptive nonclinical and clinical outcome-based approaches should be undertaken, and continuous strategic adjustments must be made as the risk:benefit profiles evolve. Key success criteria include scientific expertise and integration between all disciplines during the full extent of the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Uteng
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Translational Medicine, Pre-Clinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Laszlo Urban
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Translational Medicine, Pre-Clinical Safety, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dominique Brees
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Translational Medicine, Pre-Clinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Novartis Pharma AG, Global Drug Development, Chief Medical Office and Patient Safety, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Page Bouchard
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Translational Medicine, Pre-Clinical Safety, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gervais Tougas
- Novartis Pharma AG, Global Drug Development, Chief Medical Office and Patient Safety, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salah-Dine Chibout
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Translational Medicine, Pre-Clinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland
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36
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Wang Y, Wang L, Chen X, Sun C, Zhu Y, Kang Y, Zeng S. Chiral detection of entecavir stereoisomeric impurities through coordination with R-besivance and Zn II using mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:247-256. [PMID: 29314359 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a mass spectrometry (MS)-based kinetic method (KM) is shown to be successful at analyzing a multichiral center drug stereoisomer, entecavir (ETV), both qualitatively and quantitatively. On the basis of the KM, the bivalent complex ion [MII (A)(ref*)2 ]2+ (MII = divalent metal ion, A = analyte, and ref* = chiral reference) was set as precursor ion in MS/MS. The experiment results suggest strong chiral selectivity between ETV and its isomers when using ZnII coordinated with the chiral reference R-besivance (R-B). The logarithm of the fragment ion abundance ratio and the enantiomeric percentage (%) exhibits a strong linear relation because of the competitive loss of the reference and analyte. The product ion pair [ZnII (R-B)A-H]+ (m/z 733) and [ZnII (R-B)2 -H]+ (m/z 849), together with [R-B + H]+ (m/z 394) and [A + H]+ (m/z 278), can realize the identification of ETV and all of its chiral isomers. Theoretical calculation were also performed using the B3LYP functional with the 6-31G* and LanL2DZ basis set to clarify the mechanism of structural difference of these bivalent complex ions. The results reveal that MS-KM can be used to detect optical impurities without a chiral chromatographic column and fussy sample pretreatment. The established method has been used to determine stereoisomeric impurities of less than 0.1% in ETV crude drug, a demonstration of its simple and effective nature for rapid detection of stereoisomeric impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuirong Sun
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixin Zhu
- Zhejiang Haochuang Biotech Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
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37
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Chen X, Kang Y, Zeng S. Analysis of stereoisomers of chiral drug by mass spectrometry. Chirality 2018; 30:609-618. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yu Kang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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38
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Medvedovici A, Bacalum E, David V. Sample preparation for large-scale bioanalytical studies based on liquid chromatographic techniques. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Medvedovici
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
| | - Elena Bacalum
- Research Institute; University of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
| | - Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
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Rossi D, Tarantino M, Rossino G, Rui M, Juza M, Collina S. Approaches for multi-gram scale isolation of enantiomers for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1253-1269. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1383981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rossi
- Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marilù Tarantino
- Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossino
- Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Rui
- Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Markus Juza
- Corden Pharma Switzerland LLC, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Simona Collina
- Drug Sciences Department, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Yu X, Yao ZP. Chiral recognition and determination of enantiomeric excess by mass spectrometry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 968:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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