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El-Aziz FEZAA, Ismail MS, Askary AE, El-Kott AF, Tantawy AA. The assessment of the protective impact of spidroin extract against UV-A radiation damage by using earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa) as a robust human skin model via macroscopic and histological observations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:44906-44916. [PMID: 35141825 PMCID: PMC9200702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have confirmed the damage caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet-A rays. Malignant melanoma and skin cancer are two of the most serious health consequences. Thus, the UV-A protectant is intended to protect the skin, especially the two primary layers of skin (epidermis that represents the interface between the body and its surroundings and dermis). Spider silk is the most powerful natural fibre due to its regeneration, biocompatibility, antimicrobial, wound healing, antiseptic, and blood clotting properties. This work targeted to determine the protective effect of spidroin extract against UV-A radiation damage. Earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa were collected from Assiut University's farm. Each set of ten earthworms was separated into six groups and placed in a plastic container. Webs of spiders collected from trees and old houses. Spidroin was extracted and utilised in this work to determine the potential effects of topical application on UV-A protection. The experiment is divided into two sections: (1) UV-A exposure and (2) the use of spidroin extract to protect the earthworms from ultraviolet radiation. Two control groups (1،2) of worms were not received UV-A exposure, and four groups (3,4,5,6) were exposed to UVR-A. In contrast, groups (5,6) were received spidroin extract before exposure to UV-A. Each group from the groups (3,4,5,6) was exposed for three consecutive days (¼ hour/day, ½ hour/day, and 1 h/day), using a UV-Lamp with a wavelength of 366 nm. The histopathological changes revealed that after 1⁄4 h of UV exposure, the cuticle was swollen with a slightly detached epithelium. The cuticle was down after 1⁄2 h of exposure, and the epidermis was totally damaged and necrosed. After 1 h, the exposure showed destruction of the epidermis in the circular muscle with a loss of muscle filament integrity, varying size, and altered nucleus form, along with mild disintegration of longitudinal muscle. Spidroin extract is critical for earthworm protection against UV-A radiation damage and able to regeneration. For the first time, morphological and histological analysis was established to detect the Spidroin extract evaluated for topical application on earthworms. Earthworms can be considered as a robust human skin model prior to UV-A exposure. It induces a complete protective effect against UV-A radiation damage in earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - May S Ismail
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Tantawy
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Deleterious Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Glossogobius giuris: A Short Experimental Study. SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sci4010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a part of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Sun. The present study was conducted to examine the deleterious effects of UV radiation on the stratum corneum of fish—namely, Glossogobius giuris. In this study, healthy living specimens of G. giuris species weighing (1.20 g) and length (4.06 cm) were collected from Thandavarayankulam lake, Srivaikuntam Taluk, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu. They were transported to the laboratory in well-aerated containers. During the experiment, the fish G. giuris (n = 6) was introduced into the UV Chamber (UVA and UVB) for one hour. After that, experimental fishes were collected from the UV Chamber were dissected for histological and biochemical studies using standard methodology. The short-term exposure of UVA and UVB rays on freshwater G. giuris muscle tissue showed marked degeneration of the epithelium, the disappearance of striations, thickened septal wall, broken fibre, and the disappearance of striation, followed by branchial arterial rupture. It was also determined that carbohydrate, protein, and lipid contents of the muscle tissue were significantly reduced. This study confirmed the destructive effects of UV radiation on the stratum corneum of fish G. giuris. The ultrastructural and biochemical changes occur depending largely on the energy of the UV rays; in this case, the UVB radiation, with higher destructive energy (4.4 eV), had a greater detrimental effect on the muscles of G. giuris than UVA, with its energy level of 3.9 eV.
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Hematobiochemical and histopathological alterations in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to ethidium bromide: The protective role of Spirulina platensis. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sayed AEDH, Nagata K, Nakazawa T, Mitani H, Kobayashi J, Oda S. Low Dose-Rate Irradiation of Gamma-Rays-Induced Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Alterations in Peripheral Erythrocytes of p53-Deficient Medaka (Oryzias latipes). FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.773481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Morphological alterations and nuclear abnormalities in fish erythrocytes have been used in many studies as bioindicators of environmental mutagens including ionizing radiation. In this study, adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were irradiated with gamma rays at a low dose rate (9.92 μGy/min) for 7 days, giving a total dose of 100 mGy; and morphological alterations, nuclear abnormalities, and apoptotic cell death induced in peripheral erythrocytes were investigated 8 h and 7 days after the end of the irradiation. A variety of abnormalities, such as tear-drop cell, crenated cell, acanthocyte, sickled cell, micronucleated cell, eccentric nucleus, notched nucleus, and schistocyte, were induced in the peripheral erythrocytes of the wild-type fish, and a less number of abnormalities and apoptotic cell death were induced in the p53-deficient fish. These results indicate that low dose-rate chronic irradiation of gamma rays can induce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the peripheral erythrocytes of medaka, and p53-deficient medaka are tolerant to the gamma-ray irradiation than the wild type on the surface.
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Alves RN, Agustí S. Oxidative stress in tissues of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Soliman HAM, Sayed AEDH. Poikilocytosis and tissue damage as negative impacts of tramadol on juvenile of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 78:103383. [PMID: 32305673 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals residue was detected in the water bodies as a consequence of the incomplete treatment. Recently, the side impacts of that residue on aquatic creatures have received a considerable attention. However, there is insufficient information about the effect of the most consumed narcotic drug (tramadol) on fish as an aquatic model. Thus, this study aims at investigating the poikilocytosis and tissue damage in Oreochromis niloticus after the exposure to 100 and 200 mg/L of tramadol hydrochloride. Three groups of fish were used; one as a control group, and the other two groups were exposed to 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L of tramadol hydrochloride respectively for 25 days. Exposure to tramadol caused a significant increase in the percentage of poikilocytosis compared to the control group. Poikilocytosis included tear-drop cell, spindle-shaped cell, sickle cell, schistocyte, blebbed cell, acanthocyte, eccentric nucleus, amoebocyte, dividing cell, and crenated cell. Moreover, liver tissue in fish exposed to tramadol showed degeneration and vacuolization of hepatocytes and atrophy of pancreatic acini as signs of histopathological alterations. Histopathological changes of brain showed severe gliosis, dark neurons, and vacuolization in fish exposed to tramadol compared to control fish. Gills tissue showed erosion, epithelial lifting, and secondary lamellae shrinking in fish exposed to tramadol compared to control fish. In conclusion, tramadol induced histopathological changes in liver, brain, and gills of Oreochromis niloticus as well as poikilocytosis were indicated clearly. Therefore, tramadol leakage to waters should be avoided to preserve aquatic creatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy A M Soliman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 8562, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt.
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Sayed AEDH, Watanabe-Asaka T, Oda S, Kashiwada S, Mitani H. γ-H2AX foci as indication for the DNA damage in erythrocytes of medaka (Oryzias latipes) intoxicated with 4-nonylphenol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18966-18971. [PMID: 30144013 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the genotoxicity in erythrocytes induced after exposure of medaka (Oryzias latipes) to 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). Adult female medaka fish were exposed to 4-NP at three sublethal concentrations for 15 days to compare their sensitivity with that of catfish as an aquatic model. Comet assay and γ-H2AX were used as biomarkers to detect DNA damage in erythrocytes. Exposure to 4-NP resulted in an increase in the tail moment in a dose-dependent manner. The highest level of DNA damage was recorded after exposure to 100 μg/l 4-NP. The number of foci was increased after exposure to 4-NP, indicating damage to DNA. The present results confirmed the high level of morphological alterations and apoptosis of erythrocytes detected in the first part of this study. 4-NP induced genotoxic effects in medaka, which were found to be more sensitive than catfish after exposure to 4-nonylphenol. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Research Center of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
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Vergneau-Grosset C, Péron F. Effect of ultraviolet radiation on vertebrate animals: update from ethological and medical perspectives. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:752-762. [PMID: 33856678 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many animals under human care are kept indoors to prevent infectious diseases vectored by wildlife, facilitate environment control, or due to the lifestyle of their owners. However, ultraviolet radiation has documented effects on animal vision, vitamin synthesis, immunity, behavior, psychogenic disorders and on their environment. Ultraviolet-emitting lights are commercially available and the documentation of their effect on indoor-housed animals is increasing. This article reviews published information about ultraviolet effects in vertebrate animals from veterinary and ethological perspectives, and techniques used to assess ultraviolet exposure across animal taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vergneau-Grosset
- Department of Clinical sciences, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, J2S 2 M2, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - Franck Péron
- 15 Rue de la Johardière, 44 800, Saint-Herblain, France
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Sayed AEDH, Mahmoud UM, Muhammad OI. Comparative study of two carnivorous fish (Parupeneus forsskali and Thalassoma klunzingeri) from the Red Sea: Hemato-biochemical parameters and cellular characterization. Tissue Cell 2020; 63:101316. [PMID: 32223945 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although, the Red sea is highly rich with fish fauna but still the information known is so limited for the researchers especially about the fish physiology baselines. So, in the present study we investigated the heamto-biochemical parameters and cell characterization of two fish having the same feeding habitats. Fish specimens of Red Sea goatfish (Parupeneus forsskali) and Klunzinger's wrasse (Thalassoma klunzingeri) were captured from Hurghada, Egypt. Haematological and biochemical analysis as well as blood cells characterization were performed. The morphological and cytochemical aspects of peripheral blood cells of the two species were studied by light microscopy. Thalassoma klunzingeri showed lower Hct and Hb values and RBCs count. Fusiform to spindle shape thrombocytes were found only in the blood of Parupeneus forsskali while spiked thrombocytes were found only in the blood of Thalassoma klunzingeri. This investigation may be helpful as a tool to monitor the health status of the two species and will be used as biomarkers for clinical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Usama M Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Ola I Muhammad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
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Sayed AEDH, Saleh SMM, Mitani H. Comparative histology of wild-type and p53-deficient medaka (Oryzias latipes): nephrotoxic effect of ultraviolet A radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:261-273. [PMID: 31994581 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00236g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation is an ecological factor that directly affects terrestrial organisms through suppression of immunity or damage to internal organs. The present study assessed the effects of ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation on the kidneys of both wild-type (WT) and p53-deficient medaka (Oryzias latipes) and evaluated which strain was more resistant to the effects of UVA. Fish were divided into four groups: control group 1 (Cwt and Cp53), kept for 3 days without UVA exposure; group 2 (1wt and 1p53), fish exposed daily to UVA for 1 h day-1 for 3 days; group 3 (2wt and 2p53), fish exposed daily to UVA for 2 h day-1 for 3 days; and group 4 (3wt and 3p53), fish exposed daily to UVA for 3 h day-1 for 3 days. Samples of tissues were obtained 24 h after UVA exposure. The most obvious histopathological changes induced by UVA radiation in kidney tissues of both strains of medaka (WT and p53-deficient) were high levels of vacuolation of tubular cells followed by necrosis. The tubular segments lost their normal shape which appeared like a network structure and their cells with clear cytoplasm. Necrosis of lymphoid tissues and spots of brown pigmentation (possibly melanomacrophages) were sporadically seen in interstitial lymphoid tissues, while shrinkage of glomeruli, diminution of periodic acid-Schiff staining, and increased amount of collagenous fibers were observed. Our results confirmed the harmful effects of UVA radiation on kidney tissues of both WT and p53-deficient medaka. However, WT medaka was affected more than p53-deficient medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
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Dey S, Ghosh AR. Dose-specific biochemical and erythrocytic alterations of anthracene exposure on blood of Anabas testudineus (Bloch). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103247. [PMID: 31473557 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work is designed to compare the chronic toxicity of anthracene [one of the major constituents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)] on Anabas testudineus (Bloch), in an air-breathing carnivorous fish, in laboratory condition under the exposure of two doses of LC50 value, i.e., 0.0075 mg/l (T1), i.e., 25% and 0.015 mg/l (T2) i.e., 50% for 21 days. A comprehensive comparison was recorded based on biochemical parameters and evaluated the erythrocytic alterations of blood components of the fish. It revealed an enhanced trend of activity of glutamic pyruvic transamin (GPT) 470.7 ± 12.32, 546.6 ± 13.22, 599.4 ± 13.09 U/L and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 9.2 ± 0.61, 10.4 ± 0.86, 10.9 ± 0.74 U/L in control, T1 and T2 respectively; and reverse trend of protein (PRO) 26.63 ± 1.32, 22.15 ± 1.13, 22.29 ± 1.02 g/dl and albumin (ALB) 11.9 ± 0.71, 9.65 ± 0.91, 10.05 ± 0.94 g/dl in control, T1 and T2 respectively. Under T1 and T2 exposure conditions, it displayed the maximum alterations and appearance of tear drop-like cells (Tr), sickle cells (Sk), swelled cells (Sc) and vacuolated cells (Va) in comparison to control condition. An exclusive experimentation of the present work suggested that biochemical parameters and erythrocytic alterations may be useful tool as biomarkers to monitor the long term toxicological effects, especially to anthracene a constituent of PAHs, in any aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhendu Dey
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Apurba Ratan Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
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Effects of ultraviolet radiation on mole rats kidney: A histopathologic and ultrastructural study. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yel M, Güven T, Türker H. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the stratum corneum of skin in mole rats. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yel
- Gazi University, Gazi Education of Faculty, Department of Biology, Teknikokullar, Ankara, 06500, Turkey
| | - Turan Güven
- Gazi University, Gazi Education of Faculty, Department of Biology, Teknikokullar, Ankara, 06500, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Türker
- Ankara University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Besevler, Ankara, Cankaya, 06500, Turkey
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Osman A, Hamed M, Sayed A. Protective role of Spirulina platensis against UVA-induced haemato-biochemical and cellular alterations in Clarias gariepinus. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2019; 191:59-64. [PMID: 30583267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has become widely recognized that ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure is harmful for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Many studies have reported the effects of UVA on aquatic animals, especially fish, but little is known about the antioxidant role of microalgae in ameliorating the negative effects of UVA exposure. Recently, there has been great interest in using Spirulina platensis (SP) as a dietary antioxidant agent. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective role of SP against UVA-induced effects by analysing haemato-biochemical alterations and erythrocyte cytotoxic and genotoxic biomarkers in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish were exposed to UVA, UVA + 100 mg/L SP extract, UVA + 200 mg/L SP extract for 3 days (UVA exposure: 1 h/day), and were not subjected to treatment (control group). The results showed the presence of some morphological malformations in red blood cells (RBCs) after UVA exposure. Additionally, nuclear abnormalities, including micronuclei, were observed. UVA induced alterations in most of the haemato-biochemical indices. Adding SP to the fish aquaria restored the haemato-biochemical parameters to their control values. In addition, SP repaired cellular damage in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that SP plays a modulatory role in preventing and/or repairing the haemotoxic effects induced by UVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Osman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71524 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71524 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
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Sayed AEDH, Soliman HAM, Mitani H. UVA-induced neurotoxicity in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:71-79. [PMID: 30306185 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00169c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation-induced neurodegeneration has been studied in the early stages of development in fish, but not extensively in the adult stage. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of ultraviolet radiation-A (UVA) in adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). The brain, spinal cord, and retina were examined histopathologically as nervous system target organs. Japanese medaka fish were exposed to 15, 30, and 60 min day-1 UVA for 3 days, and samples were obtained 24 h and 14 days after UVA exposure. Neurohistopathological alterations in brain tissue included vacuoles, blood congestion, degeneration of neuropils, and pyknotic nuclei in neurons. Alterations in the spinal cord included neuronal cell degeneration, reduction in the spinal cord area, and degeneration of Mauthner cells. Retinal tissue showed vacuolation in the nerve fiber layer (NFL), pyknotic nuclei in the ganglion cell layer (GCL), and decreased cell populations particularly in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and GCL. The degree of degeneration was dependent on the duration of UVA exposure. The signs of degeneration decreased gradually and disappeared completely after the 14-day recovery period. In addition, p53-deficient medaka fish were more tolerant than were wild-type (Hd-rR) Japanese medaka. In conclusion, UV radiation induced neurodegeneration in the brain, spinal cord, and retina of adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) but their normal histological architecture reappeared in these tissues after 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Laboratory of Fish Biology and Pollution, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt. and Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 8562 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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Ibrahim ATA, AbouelFadl KY, Osman AGM. Ultraviolet A-induced hematotoxic and genotoxic potential in Nile tilapiaOreochromis niloticus. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1495-1502. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00189h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fish as an aquatic organism could be harmed by various levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Th. A. Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology
- Faculty of Science
- Assiut University (New Valley Branch)
- Egypt
| | - Khaled Y. AbouelFadl
- Lecturer of Fish biology and Ecology
- Faculty of Fish and Fisheries Technology
- Aswan University
- Egypt
| | - Alaa G. M. Osman
- Department of Zoology
- Faculty of Science
- Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch)
- 71524 Assiut
- Egypt
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Chakrabarti R, Singh MK, Sharma JG, Mittal P. Dietary supplementation of vitamin C: an effective measure for protection against UV-B irradiation using fish as a model organism. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:224-231. [PMID: 30444520 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of UV-B protective mechanisms in aquacultural species is essential for the sustainable production of healthy aqua crop. Freshwater carp Catla catla larvae (13.5 ± 1.12 mg) were fed with a diet containing 0.5% vitamin C (D1) and a control diet (D2) for 40 days. Each group was exposed to two doses of UV-B irradiation: 360 (5 min, D15 min and D25 min) and 720 mJ cm-2 (10 min, D110 min and D210 min) for 15 days. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher survival and average weight were recorded in D1 compared to D2 exposed to the same dose. Also, significantly (p < 0.001) higher nitric oxide synthase and lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and heat shock protein 70 levels were recorded in D15 min compared to the other groups. A direct relationship was found between the dose of UV-B and DNA fragmentation in muscles. DNA damage indices such as tail DNA, tail extent moment and olive tail moment were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in D15 min. Thus, supplementation of vitamin C in the diet provides UV-B protection to larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chakrabarti
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - M K Singh
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - J G Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, New Delhi 110042, India
| | - P Mittal
- Department of Mathematics, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110052, India
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Muhammad OI, Mahmoud UM, Fazio F, Sayed AEDH. SDS-PAGE technique as biomarker for fish toxicological studies. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:905-909. [PMID: 30211012 PMCID: PMC6129688 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies on the hematological and biochemical parameters in fishes have been done, still there are some shortage in the estimation and evaluation of the baseline's values of marine and freshwater fishes. Recently, the use of hematology and biochemistry of fishes in toxicology, aquaculture, environmental pollution, feeding, and antioxidants studies has been increased. In this study we introduced the importance of those parameters and their importance as biomarkers in fish toxicology from previous literature and as new findings. Hemato-biochemical parameters were widely used in fish toxicological studies. Many researches have used the protein electrophoresis as a valid tool to determining intra and inter-specific variation among species. Protein profile was extensively used in determining the health of fish, as indicators of anemia or other diseases provide information about the existence of the disease, and in the diagnosis of disease. So, to carry out the aim of this study, we reported one of the more advanced techniques used SDS-PAGE as molecular biomarker for protein profile analysis in fish with shedding the light on the importance of hematological and biochemical parameters in fish toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola I. Muhammad
- Laboratory of Fish Biology and Pollution, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Usama M. Mahmoud
- Laboratory of Fish Biology and Pollution, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Alaa El-Din H. Sayed
- Laboratory of Fish Biology and Pollution, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
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Sayed AEDH, Ismail RF, Mitani H. Oocyte atresia in WT (HdrR) and P53 (-/-) medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to UVA. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2018; 183:57-63. [PMID: 29684721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The negative effects of ambient ultraviolet (UVA) on the water environment have been recently highlighted; UVA can create deleterious effects by stimulating stress on pelagic organisms. Little is known about UVA effects on oocyte characteristics of female fish. In the present study we explored the effects of exposure to ecologically relevant levels of simulated UVA radiation on ovaries of two major strains WT (HdrR) and P53 (-/-) of medaka (Oryzias latipes) mature female. Fish were assigned to control and three UVA-exposed groups as (15 min, 30 min, and 60 min/day) for three days and sample selection was 24 h and 14 days after exposure. Histological alterations and oocyte atresia percentage were analyzed in the UVA-exposed fish compared to control. Alteration comprised hyperthrophied follicular cells with increased thickness, breakdown of egg chorion (zona radiata), damage of cortical alveoli, and distorted nucleus and cytoplasm. The atresia percentages significantly increased with higher UVA exposure dose and time for both the wild type and the p53 deficient fish. The wild type displayed significantly higher oocyte atresia percentage than the p53 mutant. These results suggested that UVA exposure provoked histological alterations in both p53 and WT medaka oocytes leading to follicular atresia, which reduce female reproductive ability and larval production. UVA oocyte response showed p53 dependent and independent histological alteration, however, the p53 mutant was less sensitive to UVA than the wild type in medaka fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Laboratory of Fish Biology and Pollution, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
| | - Rania F Ismail
- Laboratory of Fish Reproduction and Spawning, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21556 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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Sayed AEDH. UVA-Induced DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Red Blood Cells of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:158-164. [PMID: 28767143 DOI: 10.1111/php.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-A light (UVA)-induced DNA damage and repair in red blood cells to investigate the sensitivity of African catfish to UVA exposure is reported. Fishes were irradiated with various doses of UVA light (15, 30, and 60 min day-1 for 3 days). Morphological and nuclear abnormalities in red blood cells were observed in the fish exposed to UVA compared with controls. Morphological alterations such as acanthocytes, crenated cells, swollen cells, teardrop-like cells, hemolyzed cells, and sickle cells were observed. Those alterations were increased after 24 h exposure to UVA light and decreased at 14 days after exposure. The percentage of apoptosis was higher in red blood cells exposed to higher doses of UVA light. No micronuclei were detected, but small nuclear abnormalities such as deformed and eccentric nuclei were observed in some groups. We concluded that exposure to UVA light induced DNA damage, apoptosis, and morphological alterations in red blood cells in catfish; however, catfish were found to be less sensitive to UVA light than wild-type medaka.
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Mekkawy IA, Mahmoud U, Salah S. Atrazine-induced Changes in some Biochemical Parameters of the Early Developmental Stages of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbmb.2017.21.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sayed AEDH, Mitani H. The notochord curvature in medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos as a response to ultraviolet A irradiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2016; 164:132-140. [PMID: 27668833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the destructive effects of ultraviolet A (UVA; 366nm) irradiation on the developmental stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) are revealed in terms of hatching success, mortality rate, and morphological malformations (yolk sac edema, body curvature, fin blistering, and dwarfism). Fertilized eggs in stage 4 were exposed to 15, 30, and 60min/day UVA for 3days in replicates. Fish were staged and aged following the stages established by Iwamatsu [1]. We observed and recorded the hatching time and deformed and dead embryos continuously. The hatching time was prolonged and the deformed and dead embryos numbers were increased by UVA dose increase. At stage 40, samples from each group were fixed to investigate their morphology and histopathology. Some morphological malformations were recorded after UVA exposure in both strains. Histopathological changes were represented as different shapes of curvature in notochord with collapse. The degree of collapsation was depended on the dose and time of UVA exposure. Our findings show that exposure to UVA irradiation caused less vertebral column curvature in medaka fry. Moreover, p53-deficient embryos were more tolerant than those of wild-type (Hd-rR) Japanese medaka. This study indicated the dangerous effects of the UVA on medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din Hamid Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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Sayed AEDH, Watanabe-Asaka T, Oda S, Mitani H. Apoptosis and morphological alterations after UVA irradiation in red blood cells of p53 deficient Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2016; 161:1-8. [PMID: 27203565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Morphological alterations in red blood cells were described as hematological bioindicators of UVA exposure to investigate the sensitivity to UVA in wild type Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and a p53 deficient mutant. The fewer abnormal red blood cells were observed in the p53 mutant fish under the control conditions. After exposure to different doses of UVA radiation (15min, 30min and 60min/day for 3days), cellular and nuclear alterations in red blood cells were analyzed in the UVA exposed fish compared with non-exposed controls and those alterations included acanthocytes, cell membrane lysis, swollen cells, teardrop-like cell, hemolyzed cells and sickle cells. Those alterations were increased after the UVA exposure both in wild type and the p53 deficient fish. Moreover, apoptosis analyzed by acridine orange assay showed increased number of apoptosis in red blood cells at the higher UVA exposure dose. No micronuclei but nuclear abnormalities as eccentric nucleus, nuclear budding, deformed nucleus, and bilobed nucleus were observed in each group. These results suggested that UVA exposure induced both p53 dependent and independent apoptosis and morphological alterations in red blood cells but less sensitive to UVA than Wild type in medaka fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla El-Din Hamid Sayed
- Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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Sayed AEDH, Mahmoud UM, Mekkawy IA. Erythrocytes alterations of monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758) produced using methyltestosterone. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF AQUATIC RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejar.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To study the adverse impacts of ultraviolet radiation-A (UVA 320-400 nm) on some hematological and biochemical parameters of Bufo regularis was considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were classified into four groups: (i) Control; (ii) ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-treated group (for 3 days/for 15 min/day); (iii) UVR-treated group (for 3 days/for 30 min/day); and (iv) (for 3 days/for 60 min/day). The destructive effects of UVA radiation was evaluated by red blood cells (RBC) count, hemoglobin content (Hb), hematocrite (Ht), erythrocytic indices, white blood cells (WBC) count, total protein, glucose, aspartic amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehyderogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehyderogenase (G6PDH) and total bilribuin. RESULTS No mortality was observed. However, some physiological effects after the exposure to UVA were reported. The UVA-induced malformations recorded in the red blood cells included crenated cells (Cr), Acanthocytes (Ac), tear drop-like cells (Tr) and sickle cells (Sk). CONCLUSION The present study revealed the exposure to UVA from 15-60 min/day for three days could promote several biochemical and physiological disturbances as well as some changes in RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- a Zoology Department , Faculty of Science, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
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Almeida AR, Andrade TS, Burkina V, Fedorova G, Loureiro S, Soares AMVM, Domingues I. Is UV radiation changing the toxicity of compounds to zebrafish embryos? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:145-152. [PMID: 26232041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
At ecosystems level, environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration and intensity of UV radiation (UVR) have an important role on the efficiency of organisms' physiological and behavioral performances and consequently on the capacity of response to contaminants. Insignificant alterations of these parameters may compromise this response. In addition, these parameters can additionally alter chemical compounds by inducing their degradation, producing thereafter other metabolites. Understanding the combined effects of chemicals and environmental parameters is absolutely necessary for an adequate prediction of risk in aquatic environments. According to this scenario, this work aims at studying the combined toxicity of UVR and three xenobiotics: the biocide triclosan (TCS), the metal chromium (as potassium dichromate, PD) and the fungicide prochloraz (PCZ). To achieve this goal zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos (3h post fertilization (hpf)) were exposed to several concentrations of each chemical combined with different UV intensities; mortality and eggs were recorded every 24h for the all test duration (96 h). Results showed different response patterns depending on the toxicant, stress levels and duration of exposure. The combination of UVR and TCS indicated a dose ratio deviation where synergism was observed when UVR was the dominant stressor (day 2). The combination of UVR and PD presented a dose level dependency at day 3 indicating antagonism at low stress levels, changing with time where at day 4, a dose ratio deviation showed statistically that synergism occurred at higher PD concentrations. Finally, UVR combined with PCZ indicated a dose ratio at day 3 and dose level deviation at day 4 of exposure, suggesting a synergistic response when PCZ is the dominant stressor in the combination. The obtained results in this study highlighted the importance of taking into account the possible interaction of stressors and time of exposure to better predict environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Portugal, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Thayres S Andrade
- Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Portugal, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Viktoriia Burkina
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Portugal, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Portugal, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Rua Badejós, Zona Rural, Cx Postal 66, CEP 77402-970 Gurupi, TO, Brasil
| | - Inês Domingues
- Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Portugal, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
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Sayed AEDH, Zaki RM, El-Dean AMK, Abdulrazzaq AY. The biological activity of new thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds as anti-oxidants against toxicity of 4-nonylphenol in Clarias gariepinus. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1445-1453. [PMID: 28962487 PMCID: PMC5598507 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of bi functionally substituted thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds was carried out by a new method. The substituted group at position five is namely (carbonitrile, carboxamide, N-(substitutedphenyl) carboxamide and benzoyl group). Chloroacetylation of the amino thieno[2,3-c]pyrazolecarboxamide compound afforded the chloroacetyl amino derivative. The chemical structure of the newly synthesized compounds was established by elemental and spectral analysis including IR, 1H NMR spectra in addition to 13C NMR and mass spectra for most of them. In the present work, we assessed the role of the new synthesized thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds as antioxidants against the toxicity of the 4-nonylphenol on the red blood cells of the most economically important Nile fishes namely African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The erythrocytes alterations were used as biological indicators to detect those effects. After exposure to 4-nonylphenol, the erythrocytes malformations (swelled cells, sickle cells, tear drop like cells, acanthocytes, and vacuolated cells) were recorded in highest number in comparison with other groups control and those injected with thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds. So, the new thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds can be used as antioxidants against toxicity of 4-nonylphenol on fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
- Corresponding author. Fax: +20 882342708.
| | - Remon M. Zaki
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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Ibrahim ATA. Negative impacts of ultraviolet-A radiation on antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1337-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the ultraviolet-A (UVA) effects on biochemical, oxidative stress and antioxidant changes using aquatic species.
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Khodnapur BS, Inamdar LS, Nindi RS, Math SA, Mulimani BG, Inamdar SR. UV laser radiation alters the embryonic protein profile of adrenal-kidney-gonadal complex and gonadal differentiation in the lizard, Calotes Versicolor. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 91:194-201. [PMID: 25241959 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.966208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the impact of ultraviolet (UV) laser radiation on the embryos of Calotes versicolor in terms of its effects on the protein profile of the adrenal-kidney-gonadal complex (AKG), sex determination and differentiation, embryonic development and hatching synchrony. MATERIALS AND METHODS The eggs of C. versicolor, during thermo-sensitive period (TSP), were exposed to third harmonic laser pulses at 355 nm from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for 180 sec. Subsequent to the exposure they were incubated at the male-producing temperature (MPT) of 25.5 ± 0.5°C. The AKG of hatchlings was subjected to protein analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and to histology. RESULTS The UV laser radiation altered the expression of the protein banding pattern in the AKG complex of hatchlings and it also affected the gonadal sex differentiation. SDS-PAGE of AKG of one-day-old hatchlings revealed a total of nine protein bands in the control group whereas UV laser irradiated hatchlings expressed a total of seven protein bands only one of which had the same Rf as a control band. The UV laser treated hatchlings have an ovotestes kind of gonad exhibiting a tendency towards femaleness instead of the typical testes. CONCLUSIONS It is inferred that 355 nm UV laser radiation during TSP induces changes in the expression of proteins as well as their secretions. UV laser radiation had an impact on the gonadal differentiation pathway but no morphological anomalies were noticed.
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Sayed AEDH, Oda S, Mitani H. Nuclear and cytoplasmic changes in erythrocytes of p53-deficient medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) after exposure to gamma-radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 771:64-70. [PMID: 24780117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have examined the effects of gamma-radiation on Japanese fish, in particular medaka (Oryzias latipes). In the present work, alterations in erythrocytes were recorded as haematological bio-indicators of exposure to gamma-radiation. After exposure of medaka fish to two different doses of radiation (2 Gy and 10 Gy), many malformations in red blood cells were observed in the irradiated fish compared with control fish. These malformations included acanthocytes, crenated cells, amoeboid cells, and sickle cells. More malformations were seen at the higher radiation dose. No micronuclei were seen in any group, but nuclear abnormalities were observed. We conclude that gamma-radiation causes morphological malformations of erythrocytes and is harmful to medaka fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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Clemente Z, Castro VL, Feitosa LO, Lima R, Jonsson CM, Maia AHN, Fraceto LF. Fish exposure to nano-TiO2 under different experimental conditions: methodological aspects for nanoecotoxicology investigations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:647-656. [PMID: 23845857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ecotoxicology of nano-TiO2 has been extensively studied in recent years; however, few toxicological investigations have considered the photocatalytic properties of the substance, which can increase its toxicity to aquatic biota. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects on fish exposed to different nano-TiO2 concentrations and illumination conditions. The interaction of these variables was investigated by observing the survival of the organisms, together with biomarkers of biochemical and genetic alterations. Fish (Piaractus mesopotamicus) were exposed for 96 h to 0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L of nano-TiO2, under visible light, and visible light with ultraviolet (UV) light (22.47 J/cm(2)/h). The following biomarkers of oxidative stress were monitored in the liver: concentrations of lipid hydroperoxide and carbonylated protein, and specific activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase. Other biomarkers of physiological function were also studied: the specific activities of acid phosphatase and Na,K-ATPase were analyzed in the liver and brain, respectively, and the concentration of metallothionein was measured in the gills. In addition, micronucleus and comet assays were performed with blood as genotoxic biomarkers. Nano-TiO2 caused no mortality under any of the conditions tested, but induced sublethal effects that were influenced by illumination condition. Under both illumination conditions tested, exposure to 100 mg/L showed an inhibition of acid phosphatase activity. Under visible light, there was an increase in metallothionein level in fish exposed to 1 mg/L of nano-TiO2. Under UV light, protein carbonylation was reduced in groups exposed to 1 and 10 mg/L, while nucleus alterations in erythrocytes were higher in fish exposed to 10 mg/L. As well as improving the understanding of nano-TiO2 toxicity, the findings demonstrated the importance of considering the experimental conditions in nanoecotoxicological tests. This work provides information for the development of protocols to study substances whose toxicity is affected by illumination conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Clemente
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, Embrapa, Rodovia SP 340, Km 127.5, CP 69, CEP 13820-000, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil.
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Sayed AH, Abdel-Tawab HS, Abdel Hakeem SS, Mekkawy IA. The protective role of quince leaf extract against the adverse impacts of ultraviolet--a radiation on some tissues of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2013; 119:9-14. [PMID: 23291606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the protective role of quince leaf extract against the adverse impacts of ultraviolet radiation-A (UVA) on some tissues of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) was considered. Fishes were classified into four groups: control, UVR-treated group (for 3days/for 3h/day), UVR-treated group (for 3days/for 3h/day) with adding 10ml of quince extract, and UVR-treated group (for 3days/for 3h/day) with adding 20ml of quince leaf extract. Blood smears and sections of the liver, and skin were processed routinely for H & E paraffin embedding technique. Some UVA-induced malformations were recorded in the red blood cells including crenated cells (Cr), Acanthocytes (Ac), tear drop-like cells (Tr) and sickle cells (Sk). Also, UVA-induced disorganization of the normal architecture of hepatic tissues with lipidosis was evident. Hypertrophy and vacuolated club cells were recorded in skin exposed to UVA. In conclusion, quince leaf extract has a valuable antioxidant protective role to prevent and/or repair the histopathological changes induced by UVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Mekkawy IA, Mahmoud UM, Sayed AEDH. Effects of 4-nonylphenol on blood cells of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Tissue Cell 2011; 43:223-9. [PMID: 21501852 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the destructive effects of the 4-nonylphenol on one of the most economically important Nile fishes, namely African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were studied. Apoptosis, erythrocytes alterations, micronucleus test and blood parameters count were used as biological indicators to detect those effects. After exposure to sublethal concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (0, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1mg/l), apoptotic red blood cells with many malformations and micronucleated erythrocytes were recorded. Decrease in the blood parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), package cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets, white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes and increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), neutrophils, eosinophils indicated the negative effects of 4-nonylphenol. It was concluded that, the 4-nonylphenol caused genotoxicity in erythrocytes with many malformations in shape and number indicated with other blood parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam A Mekkawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
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El-Bakary ZA, Sayed AEDH. Effects of short time UV-A exposures on compound eyes and haematological parameters in Procambarus clarkii (Girad, 1852). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:960-6. [PMID: 21315454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The amount of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the Earth's surface has been increasing as a result of an increasingly thinner ozone layer. The UV-A component of the UVR is able to generate oxidative stress in the compound eye and haemolymph of Procambarus clarkii when the latter was exposed for as little as 15 min daily for one week to UV-A. Changes in the eye involved corneal material, crystalline cones, pigments in cone stalks and retinula cells, rhabdom integrity, haemocyte infiltration, and haemal spaces. UV-A had significant impacts on haemolymph iron and glucose, whereas Ca ions were unaffected. Total protein and Cu-ions showed only insignificant changes following UV-A radiation. Involvement of lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation was significant with regard to the tissue damage cause by the UV-A. UV-A furthermore induced biological effects on serum electrophoretic patterns: some fractions either increased in size or others decreased. The described changes can be used as reference guidelines in evaluations of UV-A induced stress effects in P. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab A El-Bakary
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
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Häder DP, Helbling EW, Williamson CE, Worrest RC. Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:242-60. [PMID: 21253662 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp90036b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The health of freshwater and marine ecosystems is critical to life on Earth. The impact of solar UV-B radiation is one potential stress factor that can have a negative impact on the health of certain species within these ecosystems. Although there is a paucity of data and information regarding the effect of UV-B radiation on total ecosystem structure and function, several recent studies have addressed the effects on various species within each trophic level. Climate change, acid deposition, and changes in other anthropogenic stressors such as pollutants alter UV exposure levels in inland and coastal marine waters. These factors potentially have important consequences for a variety of aquatic organisms including waterborne human pathogens. Recent results have demonstrated the negative impacts of exposure to UV-B radiation on primary producers, including effects on cyanobacteria, phytoplankton, macroalgae and aquatic plants. UV-B radiation is an environmental stressor for many aquatic consumers, including zooplankton, crustaceans, amphibians, fish, and corals. Many aquatic producers and consumers rely on avoidance strategies, repair mechanisms and the synthesis of UV-absorbing substances for protection. However, there has been relatively little information generated regarding the impact of solar UV-B radiation on species composition within natural ecosystems or on the interaction of organisms between trophic levels within those ecosystems. There remains the question as to whether a decrease in population size of the more sensitive primary producers would be compensated for by an increase in the population size of more tolerant species, and therefore whether there would be a net negative impact on the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by these ecosystems. Another question is whether there would be a significant impact on the quantity and quality of nutrients cycling through the food web, including the generation of food proteins for humans. Interactive effects of UV radiation with changes in other stressors, including climate change and pollutants, are likely to be particularly important.
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Osman AGM, Koutb M, Sayed AEDH. Use of hematological parameters to assess the efficiency of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) leaf extract in alleviation of the effect of ultraviolet--A radiation on African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2010; 99:1-8. [PMID: 20206545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate the negative impacts of UVA on some biochemical and hematological variables of the economically important African catfish, Clarias gariepinus and investigates the putative role of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) leaf extract in protection and/or alleviation of such negative impacts. Changes in the hematological and blood biochemical values often reflect alteration of physiological state. Blood parameters can be useful for the measurement of physiological disturbances in stressed fish and thus provide information about the level of damage in the fish. We found a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the red blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit in the groups exposed to UVA compared to the control groups. Exposure to UVA induced marked red cell shrinkage (increased mean cell hemoglobin concentration) and showed an elevation in mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin in the blood of the exposed fish compared to the control. A significant (P<0.05) reduction in the total white blood cells was recorded in the exposed fish compared to the control. The biochemical parameters (blood glucose, total plasma protein, blood cholesterol, plasma creatinine, aspartic amino transferase and alanine amino transferase) exhibited a significant increase in the blood of fish exposed to UVA. Methanolic extract of quince leaf before ripening of the fruits was analyzed by GC/MS. To investigate the biological impact of this extract and its biologically active components, this extract was tested for its putative role in alleviation of UVA effect on catfish. Quince leaf extract had the ability to prevent hematotoxic stress induced by UVA and resulted in enhancement of the immune system of catfish represented by significant (P<0.05) increase in the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes of the catfish. Quince extract also protected the red blood cells from UVA damage. To our knowledge this is the first report of the effect of quince leaf extract on an aquatic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa G M Osman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 71524 Assiut, Egypt.
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Osman AG, Harabawy AS. Hematotoxic and Genotoxic Potential of Ultraviolet-A Radiation on the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jfish.2010.44.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mahmoud UM, Mekkawy IAA, Sayed AEDH. Ultraviolet radiation-A (366 nm) induced morphological and histological malformations during embryogenesis of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2009; 95:117-28. [PMID: 19285878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation has been associated with variety effects in many organisms ranging from molecular and tissue damage to population level effects. The exposure of embryos of the catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) to 366nm UVA at different doses 15, 30 and 60 min resulted in the hatching time delayed to 29 h-post-fertilization stage (29 h-PFS) in comparison with normal hatching time of 22h-PFS at 29 degrees C. In embryos exposed to 15 min/UVA, 30 min/UVA and 60 min/UVA the total percentage of hatched embryos/fertilized eggs were 90%, 89% and 85%, respectively, while in control was 95% at 29 h-PFS. The total percentage of mortality/ hatched embryos were (1-14)%, (2-22)%, (2-23)% and (3-40)% for control, 15 min, 30 min and 60 min groups, respectively, at 40 h-PFS. Also as a result some morphological malformations; (yolk sac oedema, body curvature, fin blistering, and dwarfism) were revealed. These destructive effects were also confirmed by histopathological changes in gills, eyes, intestinal tract, spinal cord, notochord, liver, skin and kidney. The results confirm that exposure to UVA caused an exposure time-dependent delay in hatching rate and reduced the percentage of the hatched embryos but the mortality rate increased with increase of the exposure time to UVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama M Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
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