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Sousa RH, Carvalho FE, Daloso DM, Lima-Melo Y, Margis-Pinheiro M, Komatsu S, Silveira JA. Impairment in photosynthesis induced by CAT inhibition depends on the intensity of photorespiration and peroxisomal APX expression in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108066. [PMID: 37797384 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that rice plants silenced for peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase (OsAPX4-RNAi) display higher resilience to photosynthesis under oxidative stress and photorespiratory conditions. However, the redox mechanisms underlying that intriguing response remain unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that favorable effects triggered by peroxisomal APX deficiency on photosynthesis resilience under CAT inhibition are dependent on the intensity of photorespiration associated with the abundance of photosynthetic and redox proteins. Non-transformed (NT) and OsAPX4-RNAi silenced rice plants were grown under ambient (AC) or high CO2 (HC) conditions and subjected to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT)-mediated CAT activity inhibition. Photosynthetic measurements evidenced that OsAPX4-RNAi plants simultaneously exposed to CAT inhibition and HC lost the previously acquired advantage in photosynthesis resilience displayed under AC. Silenced plants exposed to environment photorespiration and CAT inhibition presented lower photorespiration as indicated by smaller Gly/Ser and Jo/Jc ratios and glycolate oxidase activity. Interestingly, when these silenced plants were exposed to HC and CAT-inhibition, they exhibited an inverse response compared to AC in terms of photorespiration indicators, associated with higher accumulation of proteins. Multivariate and correlation network analyses suggest that the proteomics changes induced by HC combined with CAT inhibition are substantially different between NT and OsAPX4-RNAi plants. Our results suggest that the intensity of photorespiration and peroxisomal APX-mediated redox signaling are tightly regulated under CAT inhibition induced oxidative stress, which can modulate the photosynthetic efficiency, possibly via a coordinated regulation of protein abundance and rearrangement, ultimately triggered by crosstalk involving H2O2 levels related to CAT and APX activities in peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hv Sousa
- Center of Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity, Federal University of Cariri, Brazil
| | - Fabricio El Carvalho
- Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (AGROSAVIA), CI La Suiza, Rionegro, Colombia
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Yugo Lima-Melo
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, Japan
| | - Joaquim Ag Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Filacek A, Zivcak M, Barboricova M, Misheva SP, Pereira EG, Yang X, Brestic M. Diversity of responses to nitrogen deficiency in distinct wheat genotypes reveals the role of alternative electron flows in photoprotection. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:259-276. [PMID: 36181569 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency represents an important limiting factor affecting photosynthetic productivity and the yields of crop plants. Significant reported differences in N use efficiency between the crop species and genotypes provide a good background for the studies of diversity of photosynthetic and photoprotective responses associated with nitrogen deficiency. Using distinct wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with previously observed contrasting responses to nitrogen nutrition (cv. Enola and cv. Slomer), we performed advanced analyses of CO2 assimilation, PSII, and PSI photochemistry, also focusing on the heterogeneity of the stress responses in the different leaf levels. Our results confirmed the loss of photosynthetic capacity and enhanced more in lower positions. Non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis was well reflected by the changes in PSII and PSI photochemistry, including the parameters derived from the fast-fluorescence kinetics. Low photosynthesis in N-deprived leaves, especially in lower positions, was associated with a significant decrease in the activity of alternative electron flows. The exception was the cyclic electron flow around PSI that was enhanced in most of the samples with a low photosynthetic rate. We observed significant genotype-specific responses. An old genotype Slomer with a lower CO2 assimilation rate demonstrated enhanced alternative electron flow and photorespiration capacity. In contrast, a modern, highly productive genotype Enola responded to decreased photosynthesis by a significant increase in nonphotochemical dissipation and cyclic electron flow. Our results illustrate the importance of alternative electron flows for eliminating the excitation pressure at the PSII acceptor side. The decrease in capacity of electron acceptors was balanced by the structural and functional changes of the components of the electron transport chain, leading to a decline of linear electron transport to prevent the overreduction of the PSI acceptor side and related photooxidative damage of photosynthetic structures in leaves exposed to nitrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Filacek
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Maria Barboricova
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Svetlana P Misheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Sun H, Wang XQ, Zeng ZL, Yang YJ, Huang W. Exogenous melatonin strongly affects dynamic photosynthesis and enhances water-water cycle in tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917784. [PMID: 35991431 PMCID: PMC9381976 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), an important phytohormone synthesized naturally, was recently used to improve plant resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the effects of exogenous melatonin on photosynthetic performances have not yet been well clarified. We found that spraying of exogenous melatonin (100 μM) to leaves slightly affected the steady state values of CO2 assimilation rate (A N ), stomatal conductance (g s ) and mesophyll conductance (g m ) under high light in tobacco leaves. However, this exogenous melatonin strongly delayed the induction kinetics of g s and g m , leading to the slower induction speed of A N . During photosynthetic induction, A N is mainly limited by biochemistry in the absence of exogenous melatonin, but by CO2 diffusion conductance in the presence of exogenous melatonin. Therefore, exogenous melatonin can aggravate photosynthetic carbon loss during photosynthetic induction and should be used with care for crop plants grown under natural fluctuating light. Within the first 10 min after transition from low to high light, photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETR) for A N and photorespiration were suppressed in the presence of exogenous melatonin. Meanwhile, an important alternative electron sink, namely water-water cycle, was enhanced to dissipate excess light energy. These results indicate that exogenous melatonin upregulates water-water cycle to facilitate photoprotection. Taking together, this study is the first to demonstrate that exogenous melatonin inhibits dynamic photosynthesis and improves photoprotection in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Zeng
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Jaimes-Suárez YY, Carvajal-Rivera AS, Galvis-Neira DA, Carvalho FEL, Rojas-Molina J. Cacao agroforestry systems beyond the stigmas: Biotic and abiotic stress incidence impact. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:921469. [PMID: 35968107 PMCID: PMC9366013 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.921469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low technological knowledge in production chains, global climate change, and misinformation are concrete threats to food security. In addition, these combined threats also trigger ecological instability in megadiverse areas of the world, especially in some cacao-producing countries in South America, where this crop plays an important socio-economic role, even being used to replace illicit crops. Accordingly, the use of agroforestry systems approaches has emerged as a good alternative to maintain productivity, add high-value commodities to producers, and provide important ecosystem services for sustainable agriculture. However, limitations associated with the competition for resources between the species composing the system, and the higher incidence of some diseases, have led many producers to abandon this strategy, opting for monoculture. In this review, we seek to gather the main information available in the literature, aiming to answer the question: what is the real scientific evidence that supports the benefits and harms of adopting agroforestry systems in cacao production? We seek to make critical scrutiny of the possible negative effects of certain associations of the agroforestry system with biotic and abiotic stress in cacao. Here, we review the possible competition for light and nutrients and discuss the main characteristics to be sought in cacao genotypes to optimize these inter-specific relationships. In addition, we review the research advances that show the behavior of the main cacao diseases (Witch's broom disease, frosty pod rot, black pod rot) in models of agroforestry systems contrasted with monoculture, as well as the optimization of agronomic practices to reduce some of these stresses. This compendium, therefore, sheds light on a major gap in establishing truly sustainable agriculture, which has been treated much more from the perspective of negative stigma than from the real technological advantages that can be combined to the benefit of a balanced ecosystem with generating income for farmers.
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Bapatla RB, Saini D, Aswani V, Rajsheel P, Sunil B, Timm S, Raghavendra AS. Modulation of Photorespiratory Enzymes by Oxidative and Photo-Oxidative Stress Induced by Menadione in Leaves of Pea ( Pisum sativum). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050987. [PMID: 34063541 PMCID: PMC8156035 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration, an essential component of plant metabolism, is concerted across four subcellular compartments, namely, chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondrion, and the cytoplasm. It is unclear how the pathway located in different subcellular compartments respond to stress occurring exclusively in one of those. We attempted to assess the inter-organelle interaction during the photorespiratory pathway. For that purpose, we induced oxidative stress by menadione (MD) in mitochondria and photo-oxidative stress (high light) in chloroplasts. Subsequently, we examined the changes in selected photorespiratory enzymes, known to be located in other subcellular compartments. The presence of MD upregulated the transcript and protein levels of five chosen photorespiratory enzymes in both normal and high light. Peroxisomal glycolate oxidase and catalase activities increased by 50% and 25%, respectively, while chloroplastic glycerate kinase and phosphoglycolate phosphatase increased by ~30%. The effect of MD was maximum in high light, indicating photo-oxidative stress was an influential factor to regulate photorespiration. Oxidative stress created in mitochondria caused a coordinative upregulation of photorespiration in other organelles. We provided evidence that reactive oxygen species are important signals for inter-organelle communication during photorespiration. Thus, MD can be a valuable tool to modulate the redox state in plant cells to study the metabolic consequences across membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh B. Bapatla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Deepak Saini
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Vetcha Aswani
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Pidakala Rajsheel
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Bobba Sunil
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Agepati S. Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence: or
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Yang YJ, Hu H, Huang W. The Light Dependence of Mesophyll Conductance and Relative Limitations on Photosynthesis in Evergreen Sclerophyllous Rhododendron Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9111536. [PMID: 33182785 PMCID: PMC7697185 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm) limits CO2 diffusion from sub-stomatal internal cavities to the sites of RuBP carboxylation. However, the response of gm to light intensity remains controversial. Furthermore, little is known about the light response of relative mesophyll conductance limitation (lm) and its effect on photosynthesis. In this study, we measured chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange in nine evergreen sclerophyllous Rhododendron species. gm was maintained stable across light intensities from 300 to 1500 μmol photons m-2 s-1 in all these species, indicating that gm did not respond to the change in illumination in them. With an increase in light intensity, lm gradually increased, making gm the major limiting factor for area-based photosynthesis (AN) under saturating light. A strong negative relationship between lm and AN was found at 300 μmol photons m-2 s-1 but disappeared at 1500 μmol photons m-2 s-1, suggesting an important role for lm in determining AN at sub-saturating light. Furthermore, the light-dependent increase in lm led to a decrease in chloroplast CO2 concentration (Cc), inducing the gradual increase of photorespiration. A higher lm under saturating light made AN more limited by RuBP carboxylation. These results indicate that the light response of lm plays significant roles in determining Cc, photorespiration, and the rate-limiting step of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
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7
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Huang W, Yang YJ, Wang JH, Hu H. Photorespiration is the major alternative electron sink under high light in alpine evergreen sclerophyllous Rhododendron species. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 289:110275. [PMID: 31623777 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the high leaf mass per area, alpine evergreen sclerophyllous Rhododendron have low values of mesophyll conductance (gm). The resulting low chloroplast CO2 concentration aggravates photorespiration, which requires a higher ATP/NADPH ratio. However, the significance of photorespiration and underlying mechanisms of energy balance in these species are little known. In this study, eight alpine evergreen sclerophyllous Rhododendron species grown in a common garden were tested for their gm, electron flow to photorespiration, and energy balancing. Under saturating light, gm was the most limiting factor for net photosynthesis (AN) in all species, and the species differences in AN were primarily driven by gm rather than stomatal conductance. The total electron flow through photosystem II (ETRII) nearly equaled the electron transport required for Rubisco carboxylation and oxygenation. Furthermore, blocking electron flow to photosystem I with appropriate inhibitors showed that electron flow to plastic terminal oxidase was not observed. As a result, these studied species showed little alternative electron flow mediated by water-water cycle or plastic terminal oxidase. By comparison, the ratio of electron transport consumed by photorespiration to ETRII (JPR/ETRII), ranging from 43%∼55%, was negatively correlated to AN and gm. Furthermore, the increased ATP production required by enhanced photorespiration was regulated by cyclic electron flow around photosystem I. These results indicate that photorespiration is the major electron sink for dissipation of excess excitation energy in the alpine evergreen sclerophyllous Rhododendron species. The coordination of gm, photorespiration and cyclic electron flow is important for sustaining leaf photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, PR China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Ji-Hua Wang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Hong Hu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, PR China.
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8
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Lu P, Magwanga RO, Kirungu JN, Dong Q, Cai X, Zhou Z, Wang X, Xu Y, Hou Y, Peng R, Wang K, Liu F. Genome-wide analysis of the cotton G-coupled receptor proteins (GPCR) and functional analysis of GTOM1, a novel cotton GPCR gene under drought and cold stress. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:651. [PMID: 31412764 PMCID: PMC6694541 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficient detection and initiation of appropriate response to abiotic stresses are important to plants survival. The plant G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are diverse membranous proteins that are responsible for signal transduction. RESULTS In this research work, we identified a novel gene of the GPCR domain, transformed and carried out the functional analysis in Arabidopsis under drought and cold stresses. The transgenic lines exposed to drought and cold stress conditions showed higher germination rate, increased root length and higher fresh biomass accumulation. Besides, the levels of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) exhibited continuously increasing trends, with approximately threefold higher than the control, implying that these ROS-scavenging enzymes were responsible for the detoxification of ROS induced by drought and cold stresses. Similarly, the transgenic lines exhibited stable cell membrane stability (CMS), reduced water loss rate in the detached leaves and significant values for the saturated leaves compared to the wild types. Highly stress-responsive miRNAs were found to be targeted by the novel gene and based on GO analysis; the protein encoded by the gene was responsible for maintaining an integral component of membrane. In cotton, the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) plants exhibited a higher susceptibility to drought and cold stresses compared to the wild types. CONCLUSION The novel GPCR gene enhanced drought and cold stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants by promoting root growth and induction of ROS scavenging enzymes. The outcome showed that the gene had a role in enhancing drought and cold stress tolerance, and can be further exploited in breeding for more stress-resilient and tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR-CAAS), Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Richard Odongo Magwanga
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR-CAAS), Anyang, 455000 Henan China
- School of Physical and Biological Sciences (SPBS), Main campus, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Joy Nyangasi Kirungu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR-CAAS), Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR-CAAS), Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR-CAAS), Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR-CAAS), Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR-CAAS), Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR-CAAS), Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR-CAAS), Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Renhai Peng
- Research Base in Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Anyang Institute of technology, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR-CAAS), Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR-CAAS), Anyang, 455000 Henan China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Henan China
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Alencar VTCB, Lobo AKM, Carvalho FEL, Silveira JAG. High ammonium supply impairs photosynthetic efficiency in rice exposed to excess light. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:321-335. [PMID: 30694432 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms involving ammonium toxicity, excess light, and photosynthesis are scarcely known in plants. We tested the hypothesis that high NH4+ supply in presence of high light decreases photosynthetic efficiency of rice plants, an allegedly tolerant species. Mature rice plants were previously supplied with 10 mM NH4+ or 10 mM NO3- and subsequently exposed to 400 µmol m-2 s-1 (moderate light-ML) or 2000 µmol m-2 s-1 (high light-HL) for 8 h. HL greatly stimulated NH4+ accumulation in roots and in a minor extent in leaves. These plants displayed significant delay in D1 protein recovery in the dark, compared to nitrate-supplied plants. These responses were related to reduction of both PSII and PSI quantum efficiencies and induction of non-photochemical quenching. These changes were also associated with higher limitation in the donor side and lower restriction in the acceptor side of PSI. This later response was closely related to prominent decrease in stomatal conductance and net CO2 assimilation that could have strongly affected the energy balance in chloroplast, favoring ATP accumulation and NPQ induction. In parallel, NH4+ induced a strong increase in the electron flux to photorespiration and, inversely, it decreased the flux to Rubisco carboxylation. Overall, ammonium supply negatively interacts with excess light, possibly by enhancing ammonium transport towards leaves, causing negative effects on some photosynthetic steps. We propose that high ammonium supply to rice combined with excess light is capable to induce strong delay in D1 protein turnover and restriction in stomatal conductance, which might have contributed to generalized disturbances on photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T C B Alencar
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Metabolismo de Plantas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte 2825, Campus do Pici, Bl. 907, CP 6020, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil
| | - A K M Lobo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Metabolismo de Plantas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte 2825, Campus do Pici, Bl. 907, CP 6020, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil
| | - F E L Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Metabolismo de Plantas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte 2825, Campus do Pici, Bl. 907, CP 6020, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil
| | - J A G Silveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Metabolismo de Plantas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte 2825, Campus do Pici, Bl. 907, CP 6020, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil.
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10
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Yang YJ, Zhang SB, Huang W. Photosynthetic regulation under fluctuating light in young and mature leaves of the CAM plant Bryophyllum pinnatum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:469-477. [PMID: 31029592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is the potential target of photodamage under fluctuating light in angiosperms. However, the response of PSI to fluctuating light in young leaves has not yet been clarified. Furthermore, the photosynthetic regulation under fluctuating light in crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants is little known. In this study, we measured PSI redox state and the electrochromic shift signal in the mature and young leaves of a CAM species Bryophyllum pinnatum. The mature leaves showed stronger capacity for photo-reduction of O2 mediated by the alternative electron flow (probably the water-water cycle) when compared with the young leaves. After an increase in light intensity, both the mature and young leaves showed insufficient proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membranes within the first seconds. Meanwhile, PSI was highly oxidized in the mature leaves but was in a more reduced state in the young leaves. Furthermore, young leaves were more susceptible to PSI photoinhibition under fluctuating light. Therefore, in the mature leaves, the alternative electron flow significantly optimized the PSI redox state under fluctuating light at relatively low ΔpH. By comparison, in the young leaves, PSI redox state was largely determined by the buildup of ΔpH. Therefore, the major photoprotective mechanism responsible for safeguarding PSI under fluctuating light can be influenced by leaf developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, PR China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, PR China.
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11
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Sunil B, Saini D, Bapatla RB, Aswani V, Raghavendra AS. Photorespiration is complemented by cyclic electron flow and the alternative oxidase pathway to optimize photosynthesis and protect against abiotic stress. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:67-79. [PMID: 30187303 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of photosynthetic performance and protection against abiotic stress are essential to sustain plant growth. Photorespiratory metabolism can help plants to adapt to abiotic stress. The beneficial role of photorespiration under abiotic stress is further strengthened by cyclic electron flow (CEF) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways. We have attempted to critically assess the literature on the responses of these three phenomena-photorespiration, CEF and AOX, to different stress situations. We emphasize that photorespiration is the key player to protect photosynthesis and upregulates CEF as well as AOX. Then these three processes work in coordination to protect the plants against photoinhibition and maintain an optimal redox state in the cell, while providing ATP for metabolism and protein repair. H2O2 generated during photorespiratory metabolism seems to be an important signal to upregulate CEF or AOX. Further experiments are necessary to identify the signals originating from CEF or AOX to modulate photorespiration. The mutants deficient in CEF or AOX or both could be useful in this regard. The mutual interactions between CEF and AOX, so as to keep their complementarity, are also to be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobba Sunil
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Deepak Saini
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Ramesh B Bapatla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Vetcha Aswani
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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The water-water cycle is a major electron sink in Camellia species when CO 2 assimilation is restricted. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 168:59-66. [PMID: 28171808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The water-water cycle (WWC) is thought to dissipate excess excitation energy and balance the ATP/NADPH energy budget under some conditions. However, the importance of the WWC in photosynthetic regulation remains controversy. We observed that three Camellia cultivars exhibited high rates of photosynthetic electron flow under high light when photosynthesis was restricted. We thus tested the hypothesis that the WWC is a major electron sink in the three Camellia cultivars when CO2 assimilation is restricted. Light response curves indicated that the WWC was strongly increased with photorespiration and was positively correlated with extra ATP supplied from other flexible mechanisms excluding linear electron flow, implying that the WWC is an important alternative electron sink to balance ATP/NADPH energy demand for sustaining photorespiration in Camellia cultivars. Interestingly, when photosynthesis was depressed by the decreases in stomatal and mesophyll conductance, the rates of photosynthetic electron flow through photosystem II declined slightly and the rates of WWC was enhanced. Furthermore, the increased electron flow of WWC was positively correlated with the ratio of Rubisco oxygenation to carboxylation, supporting the involvement of alternative electron flow in balancing the ATP/NADPH energy budget. We propose that the WWC is a crucial electron sink to regulate ATP/NADPH energy budget and dissipate excess energy excitation in Camellia species when CO2 assimilation is restricted.
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Huang W, Hu H, Zhang SB. Photosynthesis and Photosynthetic Electron Flow in the Alpine Evergreen Species Quercus guyavifolia in Winter. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1511. [PMID: 27812359 PMCID: PMC5071824 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alpine evergreen broadleaf tree species must regularly cope with low night temperatures in winter. However, the effects of low night temperatures on photosynthesis in alpine evergreen broadleaf tree species are unclear. We measured the diurnal photosynthetic parameters before and after cold snap for leaves of Quercus guyavifolia growing in its native habitat at 3290 m. On 11 and 12 December 2013 (before cold snap), stomatal and mesophyll conductances (gs and gm), CO2 assimilation rate (An), and total electron flow through PSII (JPSII) at daytime were maintained at high levels. The major action of alternative electron flow was to provide extra ATP for primary metabolisms. On 20 December 2013 (after cold snap), the diurnal values of gs, gm, An, and JPSII at daytime largely decreased, mainly due to the large decrease in night air temperature. Meanwhile, the ratio of photorespiration and alternative electron flow to JPSII largely increased on 20 December. Furthermore, the high levels of alternative electron flow were accompanied with low rates of extra ATP production. A quantitative limitation analysis reveals that the gm limitation increased on 20 December with decreased night air temperature. Therefore, the night air temperature was an important determinant of stomatal/mesophyll conductance and photosynthesis. When photosynthesis is inhibited following freezing night temperatures, photorespiration and alternative electron flow are important electron sinks, which support the role of photorespiration and alternative electron flow in photoportection for alpine plants under low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
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