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Zhao R, Bai Y, Yang F. Melatonin in animal husbandry: functions and applications. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1444578. [PMID: 39286597 PMCID: PMC11402905 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1444578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an essential small molecule with diverse biological functions. It plays several key roles, including regulating the secretion of reproductive hormones and the reproductive cycle, enhancing the functionality of reproductive organs, improving the quality of sperm and eggs, and mitigating oxidative stress in the reproductive system. Melatonin effectively inhibits and scavenges excess free radicals while activating the antioxidant enzyme system and reduces the production of inflammatory factors and alleviates tissue damage caused by inflammation by regulating inflammatory pathways. Additionally, melatonin contributes to repairing the intestinal barrier and regulating the gut microbiota, thereby reducing bacterial and toxin permeation. The use of melatonin as an endogenous hormone in animal husbandry has garnered considerable attention because of its positive effects on animal production performance, reproductive outcomes, stress adaptation, disease treatment, and environmental sustainability. This review explores the characteristics and biological functions of melatonin, along with its current applications in animal production. Our findings may serve as a reference for the use of melatonin in animal farming and future developmental directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yicheng Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fangxiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Ghazaghi M, Asghari-Moghadam M, Mehri M. Immunoregulatory and antioxidant properties of tryptophan in quail chick. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29115. [PMID: 38655353 PMCID: PMC11035954 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A dose-response assay was carried out to investigate the effects of graded levels of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on blood variables, immunity, and meat quality in quail chicks during the last two weeks of the growing period. A total of 420 21-day-old quail chicks were randomly distributed across the seven experimental groups (i.e., 2.12, 2.25, 2.38, 2.51, 2.64, 2.77, and 2.90 g Trp/kg of diet) with four pen replicates of 15 birds each. Blood variables, including uric acid (UA), albumin (ALB), and triglycerides (TG), responded inversely to increasing dietary Trp (P < 0.001). The concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum, the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius (BF), immunoglobulin G (IgG), water holding capacity (WHC), and antigen production against the sheep red blood cells (SRBC) increased with increasing dietary Trp (P < 0.001). In contrast, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and drip loss in meat samples decreased with increasing dietary Trp (P < 0.001). The best models for optimal dietary Trp were identified based on a statistical merit basis known as the model accuracy index (δ). The estimated dietary Trp for optimizing ALP, UA, total protein (TP), TG, SRBC, IgG, BF, drip loss, WHC, and MDA were obtained at 2.347, 2.371, 2,372, 2.485, 2,691, 2.738, 2.306, 2.359, 2.247, and 2.500 g/kg of diet, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that UA, TG, IgG, and drip loss had a higher association with dietary Trp rather than other responses. Considering the high δ and eigenvalues of the models, the best estimation of dietary Trp level required for the optimization of the studied traits in quail chicks would be 2.738 g Trp/kg of diet, which was significantly higher than that recommended for the quail performance by NRC (1994).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ghazaghi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, 98661-5538, Iran
| | | | - Mehran Mehri
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, 98661-5538, Iran
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3
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Xiong J, Wang Z, Dong Y, Cao J, Chen Y. The signal pathway of melatonin mediates the monochromatic light-induced T-lymphocyte apoptosis in chicken thymus. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103331. [PMID: 38100948 PMCID: PMC10764265 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that under monochromatic red light (RL), the melatonin nuclear receptor reduces the proliferation activity of broiler thymic lymphocytes through the P65 signaling pathway. The main objective of this study was to investigate the signal mechanism by which RL decreases thymic lymphocyte proliferation. Initially, broilers were purchased and randomly assigned to be fed under white light (WL), red light (RL), green light (GL), and blue light (BL). Pinealectomy was performed 3 d later, and the broilers were euthanized after 14 d. The results showed that the expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2/Bcl-xl decreased under RL, while the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax/caspase-3 and the pro-inflammatory factors INF-γ/TNF-α/IL-6 increased. After pinealectomy, the expression of Bax/TNF-α/IL-6 increased in conjunction with the decrease in Bcl-2 expression. In vitro experiments demonstrated that exogenous melatonin decreased the expression of Bax/TNF-α/IL-6 in thymic lymphocytes of chicks reared under RL. This melatonin-induced effect was enhanced by SR1078 (RORα/RORγ agonist) but attenuated by SR3335 (RORα antagonist) and BAY (P65 antagonist). These findings revealed that the melatonin nuclear receptor RORα/RORγ promotes the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax/caspase-3 and the pro-inflammatory factors INF-γ/TNF-α/IL-6, while inhibiting the expression of the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2/Bcl-xl. Our research suggested the signaling pathway of monochromatic red light impacts the apoptosis of thymus lymphocytes in broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Qixia, Nanjing 210046, China; Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.
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Horodincu L, Solcan C. Influence of Different Light Spectra on Melatonin Synthesis by the Pineal Gland and Influence on the Immune System in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2095. [PMID: 37443893 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the pineal gland in birds influences behavioural and physiological functions, including those of the immune system. The purpose of this research is to examine the endocrine-immune correlations between melatonin and immune system activity. Through a description of the immune-pineal axis, we formulated the objective to determine and describe: the development of the pineal gland; how light influences secretory activity; and how melatonin influences the activity of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The pineal gland has the ability to turn light information into an endocrine signal suitable for the immune system via the membrane receptors Mel1a, Mel1b, and Mel1c, as well as the nuclear receptors RORα, RORβ, and RORγ. We can state the following findings: green monochromatic light (560 nm) increased serum melatonin levels and promoted a stronger humoral and cellular immune response by proliferating B and T lymphocytes; the combination of green and blue monochromatic light (560-480 nm) ameliorated the inflammatory response and protected lymphoid organs from oxidative stress; and red monochromatic light (660 nm) maintained the inflammatory response and promoted the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Melatonin can be considered a potent antioxidant and immunomodulator and is a critical element in the coordination between external light stimulation and the body's internal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Horodincu
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
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Michurina SV, Miroshnichenko SM, Ishchenko IY, Serykh AE, Rachkovskaya LN. Effect of Melatonin on the Content of CD3 low and CD3 hi T Cells in the Thymus of Mice with Functional Pinealectomy. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 174:754-757. [PMID: 37160598 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuous lighting for 14 days (functional pinealectomy model) leads to a decrease in the relative number of CD3low and CD3hi T lymphocytes and the CD3low/CD3hi ratio in the thymus of C57BL/6 mice. Intragastric administration of melatonin in physiological doses (1 mg/kg body weight, 14 days) against the background of functional pinealectomy restores the percentage of CD3low and CD3hi thymocytes and CD3low/CD3hi ratio to the control values. Hence, prolonged continuous illumination inhibits the differentiation and maturation of young thymocytes into mature forms, while melatonin treatment helps to compensate the effects of functional pinealectomy triggering cell proliferation in the thymus from the earliest stages of proliferation and differentiation of T cells. Thus, melatonin has immunotropic properties and can be used for correction of the consequences of functional pinealectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Michurina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology -Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - S M Miroshnichenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology -Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I Yu Ishchenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology -Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A E Serykh
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology -Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L N Rachkovskaya
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology -Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Tiwari J, Sur S, Naseem A, Rani S, Malik S. Photoperiodic modulation of melatonin receptor and immune genes in migratory redheaded bunting. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 279:111381. [PMID: 36724811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of innate immune function across annual life history states (LHS) remains obscure in avian migrants. We, therefore, investigated this in a migratory passerine songbird, redheaded bunting (Emberiza bruniceps), which exhibits long-distance vernal migration from India to Central Asia. We exposed the birds (N = 10) to differential photoperiodic conditions to induce a non-migratory (NM), pre-migratory (PM), migratory (MIG), and refractory (REF) state, and performed gene expression assays of melatonin receptors (MEL1A and MEL1B), and innate immunity-linked genes (IL1B, IL6, TLR4, and NFKB) in spleen and blood. We found a significant reduction in splenic mass and volume, and a parallel increase in fat accumulation, and testicular growth in birds under migratory state. The gene expression assay revealed an upregulation of MEL1A and MEL1B mRNA levels in both the tissues in MIG. Additionally, we found a nocturnal increase of splenic IL1B expression, and IL1B, IL6, and TLR4 expression in the blood. The mRNA expression of melatonin receptors and proinflammatory cytokine showed a positive correlation. These results suggest that melatonin relays the photoperiodic signal to peripheral immune organs, which shows LHS-dependent changes in mRNA expression of immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Tiwari
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India. https://twitter.com/JyotiTiwari2711
| | - Sayantan Sur
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India. https://twitter.com/sayantansur008
| | - Asma Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Sangeeta Rani
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Shalie Malik
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India.
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Antitumor effect of melatonin on breast cancer in experimental models: A systematic review. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188838. [PMID: 36403922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in females. While conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are available, they are highly invasive and toxic to oncological patients. Melatonin is a promising molecule for the treatment of breast cancer with antitumor effects on tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize knowledge about the antitumor effect of melatonin on breast cancer in experimental models and propose the main mechanisms of action already described in relation to the processes regulated by melatonin. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were used. The inclusion criteria were in vitro and in vivo experimental studies that used different formulations of melatonin as a treatment for breast cancer, without year or language restrictions. Risk of bias for studies was assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool. Data from selected articles were presented as narrative descriptions and tables. Seventy-five articles on different breast cancer cell lines and experimental models treated with melatonin alone, or in combination with other compounds were included. Melatonin showed antitumor effects on proliferative pathways related to the cell cycle and tumorigenesis, tumor death, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis, as well as on oxidative stress and immune regulatory pathways. These effects were either dependent or independent of melatonin receptors. Herein, we clarify the antitumor action of melatonin on different tumorigenic processes in breast cancer in experimental models. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO database (CRD42022309822/https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022309822).
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Moein S, Alipourian A, Qujeq D, Malakoti F, Alemi F, Yousefi B, Khazaie S. Melatonin and inflammatory bowel disease: From basic mechanisms to clinical application. Biochimie 2022; 209:20-36. [PMID: 36535545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease and has periods of recurrence and remission. Improper immune responses to gut flora bacteria, along with genetic susceptibility, appear to be involved in causing this complex disease. It seems dysbiosis and oxidative stress may also be involved in IBD pathogenesis. A significant number of clinical studies have shown an interesting association between sleep disturbances and IBD. Studies in animal models have also shown that sleep deprivation has a significant effect on the pathogenesis of IBD and can aggravate inflammation. These interesting findings have drawn attention to melatonin, a sleep-related hormone. Melatonin is mainly produced by the pineal gland, but many tissues in the body, including the intestines, can produce it. Melatonin can have an interesting effect on the pathogenesis of IBD. Melatonin can enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier, alter the composition of intestinal bacteria in favor of bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, regulate the immune response, alleviate inflammation and attenuate oxidative stress. It seems that, melatonin supplementation is effective in relieving inflammation and healing intestinal ulcers in IBD animal models. Some clinical studies have also shown that melatonin supplementation as an adjuvant therapy may be helpful in reducing disease activity in IBD patients. In this review article, in addition to reviewing the effects of sleep disturbances and melatonin on key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, we will review the findings of clinical studies regarding the effects of melatonin supplementation on IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Alipourian
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Faezeh Malakoti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Mu Q, Najafi M. Modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by melatonin. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174365. [PMID: 34302814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes a number of non-cancerous cells that affect cancer cell survival. Although CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells suppress tumor growth through induction of cell death in cancer cells, there are various immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), etc., which drive cancer cell proliferation. These cells may also support tumor growth and metastasis by stimulating angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and resistance to apoptosis. Interactions between cancer cells and other cells, as well as molecules released into EMT, play a key role in tumor growth and suppression of antitumoral immunity. Melatonin is a natural hormone that may be found in certain foods and is also available as a drug. Melatonin has been demonstrated to modulate cell activity and the release of cytokines and growth factors in TME. The purpose of this review is to explain the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cancer cell resistance as a result of interactions with TME. Next, we explain how melatonin affects cells and interactions within the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Mu
- College of Nursing, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Qin X, Liu X, Yan X, Long M, Wang Z, Dong Y, Chen Y, Cao J. Melatonin mediates monochromatic light-induced expression of somatostatin in the hypothalamus and pituitary of chicks. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101285. [PMID: 34229215 PMCID: PMC8261012 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) plays an important role in regulating growth and development of organisms and the cellular metabolism. This study was conducted to explore the role of MEL in mediating monochromatic light-induced secretion of somatostatin (SST) in the hypothalamus and pituitary in chicks. Pinealectomy models of newly hatched broilers were exposed to white (WL), red (RL), green (GL), and blue (BL) lights. The results showed that SST immunoreactive neurons and fibers were distributed in the hypothalamus. SST and SST receptor 2 (SSTR2) mRNA and protein levels in the hypothalamus and pituitary were higher in chicks exposed to RL than in chicks exposed to GL and BL. However, after pinealectomy, the mRNA and protein levels of SST and SSTR2 in the hypothalamus and pituitary in the different light groups were increased, and the differences between the groups disapeared. The expression trend of SSTR5 mRNA in the pituitary was the idential to that of SSTR2 mRNA in the pituitary. In vitro, exogenous SST inhibited growth hormone (GH) secretion, and selective antogonists of SSTR2 and SSTR5 promoted GH secretion. Selective antogonists of the melatonin receptor 1b (Mel1b) and Mel1c increased the relative concentrations of SST in the adenohypophysis cells. These results indicated that monochromatic light affects the expression of SST in chick hypothalamus and pituitary. MEL, via Mel1b and Mel1c, decreased SST secretion under GL, which was associated with the inhibition of SST, SSTR2, and SSTR5 in adenohypophysis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Qin
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingyue Yan
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meizhen Long
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Baekelandt S, Cornet V, Mandiki SNM, Lambert J, Dubois M, Kestemont P. Ex vivo approach supports both direct and indirect actions of melatonin on immunity in pike-perch Sander lucioperca. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 112:143-150. [PMID: 33741521 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The melatonin hormone, which is a multifunctional molecule in vertebrates, has been shown to exert complex actions on the immune system of mammals. In teleosts, the immunomodulatory capacity of this hormone has seldom been investigated. In the present experiment, we exposed ex vivo spleen and head kidney tissues of pike-perch to melatonin (Mel) and cortisol (Cort). We applied three concentrations of both hormones, alone and in combination, namely (1) Mel (10, 100 or 1000 pg mL-1) (2) Cort (50, 500 or 5000 ng mL-1) (3) Mel + Cort (10 + 50, 100 + 500 or 1000 pg mL-1+5000 ng mL-1). Pure medium without Mel or Cort served as control. After 15 h of incubation, we assessed the expression of a set of immunity-related genes, including genes encoding for pro-inflammatory proteins (il-1β, cxcl8 and tnf-α), acute-phase proteins (fgl2, fth1, hepc, hp and saa1) and key factors of the adaptive immune system (fκbp4 and tcrg). Both Mel and Cort, when used alone or combined at physiological concentrations, significantly influenced immune gene expressions that may lead to a global immune stimulation. Our results support both, an indirect action of the Mel hormone on the immune system through the regulation of intermediates such as Cort, as well as a direct action on immune targets through specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baekelandt
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium.
| | - Valérie Cornet
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Syaghalirwa N M Mandiki
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Lambert
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Dubois
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
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A Green and Blue Monochromatic Light Combination Therapy Reduces Oxidative Stress and Enhances B-Lymphocyte Proliferation through Promoting Melatonin Secretion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5595376. [PMID: 33828639 PMCID: PMC8004379 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5595376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Artificial illumination may interfere with biological rhythms and distort physiological homeostasis in avian. Our previous study demonstrated that 660 nm red light exacerbates oxidative stress, but a combination of green and blue lights (G→B) can improve the antibody titer in chickens compared with single monochromatic light. Melatonin acts as an antioxidant which is a critical signaling to the coordination between external light stimulation and the cellular response from the body. This study further clarifies the potential role of melatonin in monochromatic light combination-induced bursa B-lymphocyte proliferation in chickens. A total of 192 chicks were exposed to a single monochromatic light (red (R), green (G), blue (B), or white (W) lights) or various monochromatic light combinations (B→G, G→B, and R→B) from P0 to P42. We used qRT-PCR, MTT, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and Elisa to explore the effect of a combination of monochromatic light on bursa B-lymphocytes and its intracellular signal pathways. With consistency in the upregulation in melatonin level of plasma and antioxidant enzyme ability, we observed increases in organ index, follicle area, lymphocyte density, B-lymphocyte proliferation, PCNA-positive cells, and cyclin D1 expression in bursa of the G→B group compared with other light-treated groups. Melatonin bound to Mel1a and Mel1c and upregulated p-AKT, p-PKC, and p-ERK expression, thereby activating PI3K/AKT and PKC/ERK signaling and inducing B-lymphocyte proliferation. Overall, these findings suggested that melatonin modulates a combination of green and blue light-induced B-lymphocyte proliferation in chickens by reducing oxidative stress and activating the Mel1a/PI3K/AKT and Mel1c/PKC/ERK pathways.
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Fouad AM, El-Senousey HK, Ruan D, Wang S, Xia W, Zheng C. Tryptophan in poultry nutrition: Impacts and mechanisms of action. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:1146-1153. [PMID: 33655568 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that productivity, immune system, antioxidant status, and meat and egg quality can be optimized by dietary supplementation with amino acids that are not usually added to poultry diets. Understanding the effects of these amino acids may encourage feed manufacturers and poultry producers to include them as additives. One of these amino acids is tryptophan (Trp). The importance of Trp is directly related to its role in protein anabolism and indirectly related to its metabolites such as serotonin and melatonin. Thus, Trp could affect the secretion of hormones, development of immune organs, meat and egg production, and meat and egg quality in poultry raised under controlled or stressed conditions. Therefore, this review discusses the main roles of Trp in poultry production and its mode (s) of action in order to help poultry producers decide whether they need to add Trp to poultry diets. Further areas of research are also identified to address information gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Fouad
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - HebatAllah Kasem El-Senousey
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Hao EY, Wang DH, Chang LY, Huang CX, Chen H, Yue QX, Zhou RY, Huang RL. Melatonin regulates chicken granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis by activating the mTOR signaling pathway via its receptors. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6147-6162. [PMID: 33142533 PMCID: PMC7647829 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a key regulator of follicle granular cell maturation and ovulation. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays an important role in cell growth regulation. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether the mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of melatonin-mediated proliferation and apoptotic mechanisms in granulosa cells. Chicken follicle granular cells were cultured with melatonin (0, 2, 20, or 200 μmol/L) for 48 h. The results showed that melatonin treatment enhanced proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in granular cells at 20 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L (P < 0.05) by upregulation of cyclin D1 (P < 0.01) and Bcl-2 (P < 0.01) and downregulation of P21, caspase-3, Beclin1, and LC3-II (P < 0.01). The effects resulted in the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway by increasing the expression of avTOR, PKC, 4E-BP1, S6K (P < 0.05), p-mTOR, and p-S6K. We added an mTOR activator and inhibitor to the cells and identified the optimal dose (10 μmol/L MHY1485 and 100 nmol/L rapamycin) for subsequent experiments. The combination of 20 μmol/L melatonin and 10 μmol/L MHY1485 significantly enhanced granulosa cell proliferation (P < 0.05), while 100 nmol/L rapamycin significantly inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis (P < 0.05), but this action was reversed in the 20-μmol/L melatonin and 100-nmol/L rapamycin cotreatment groups (P < 0.05). This was confirmed by mRNA and protein expression that was associated with proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy (P < 0.05). The combination of 20 μmol/L melatonin and 10 μmol/L MHY1485 also activated the mTOR pathway upstream genes PI3K, AKT1, and AKT2 and downstream genes PKC, 4E-BP1, and S6K (P < 0.05), as well as protein expression of p-mTOR and p-S6K. Rapamycin significantly inhibited the mTOR pathway-related genes mRNA levels (P < 0.05). In addition, activation of the mTOR pathway increased melatonin receptor mRNA levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that melatonin regulates chicken granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis by activating the mTOR signaling pathway via its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Ying Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - De-He Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Li-Yun Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Chen-Xuan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China.
| | - Qiao-Xian Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Rong-Yan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Ren-Lu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
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Hofmann T, Schmucker SS, Bessei W, Grashorn M, Stefanski V. Impact of Housing Environment on the Immune System in Chickens: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1138. [PMID: 32635616 PMCID: PMC7401558 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During their lifespan, chickens are confronted with a wide range of acute and chronic stressors in their housing environment that may threaten their welfare and health by modulating the immune system. Especially chronic stressful conditions can exceed the individual's allostatic load, with negative consequences for immunity. A fully functional immune system is mandatory for health and welfare and, consequently, also for high productivity and safe animal products. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of housing form, light regime as well as aerial ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations on the immune system in chickens. Certain housing conditions are clearly associated with immunological alterations which potentially impair the success of vaccinations or affect disease susceptibility. Such poor conditions counteract sustainable poultry production. This review also outlines current knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Hofmann
- Department of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr, 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Sonja S. Schmucker
- Department of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr, 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Werner Bessei
- Department of Livestock Population Genomics, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr, 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (W.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Michael Grashorn
- Department of Livestock Population Genomics, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr, 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (W.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Department of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr, 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
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Melatonin mediates monochromatic light-induced proliferation of T/B lymphocytes in the spleen via the membrane receptor or nuclear receptor. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4294-4302. [PMID: 32867973 PMCID: PMC7598018 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our studies found that melatonin mediates the monochromatic light–induced lymphocyte proliferation in chickens. However, melatonin receptor subtypes contain membrane receptor (Mel1a/Mel1b/Mel1c) and nuclear receptor (Retinoic acid receptor–related orphan receptor [ROR] α/RORβ/RORγ) and are characteristic with cell specificity. This study compared receptor pathway of melatonin, which mediated the monochromatic light–induced T/B lymphocyte proliferations in chickens. Newly hatched chicks were randomly divided into white light, red light, green light (GL), and blue light groups. Green light promoted the membrane receptor expression in the spleen but decreased the nuclear receptor level compared with that of red light. These changes were accompanied by increase of T/B lymphocyte proliferation and plasma melatonin level under GL. Pinealectomy reversed aforementioned changes and resulted in no differences among the light-treated groups. Supplementation of exogenous melatonin enhanced GL-induced T/B lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen but was reversed by Mel1c antagonist prazosin and RORα agonist SR1078 and enhanced by RORα antagonist SR3335. However, Mel1b antagonist 4P-PDOT and RORγ antagonist GSK increased the stimulation effect of melatonin on GL-induced T lymphocyte proliferation but no effect on the B-lymphocyte proliferation. These results indicate that melatonin promotes the GL-induced T lymphocyte proliferation through Mel1b, Mel1c, and RORα/RORγ; however, the Mel1a, Mel1c, and RORα may be involved in the B lymphocyte proliferation.
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Effect of the melatonin nuclear receptor RORα on monochromatic light-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation in chicken thymus. Immunol Lett 2019; 213:21-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Zagheh M, Golmohammadi R, Alahgholi-Hajibehzad M, Najafi-Vosough R, Zareighane Z, Zamani A. Effects of Light on In Vitro Production of Melatonin by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear, Polymorphonuclear, and Whole Blood Cells. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-019-09802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Soliman ES, Hassan RA. Impact of lighting color and duration on productive performance and Newcastle disease vaccination efficiency in broiler chickens. Vet World 2019; 12:1052-1059. [PMID: 31528032 PMCID: PMC6702559 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1052-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Manipulating lighting colors and regimens is considered an effective mean for improving broiler productivity. The influence of red, blue, and white light-emitting diode (LED) was investigated using three different regimens of lighting and darkness; continuous 23 h light (L):1 h dark (D), continuous 18 h L:6 h D, and intermittent 16 h L:8 h D hours on the performance, carcass weight (CW), feed and water intake (WI), serum glucose (GLUCO), triglycerides (TG), and cholesterol (TC), intestinal bacterial load, growth and metabolic hormones, and efficiency of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. Materials and Methods A total of 252 1-day-old Ross broilers on deep litter were divided into nine groups. The 1st, 4th, and 7th groups were exposed to continuous 23L:1D, the 2nd, 5th, and 8th groups were exposed to continuous 18L:6D, and the 3rd, 6th, and 9th groups were exposed to intermittent 16L:8D (4L:2D, 4 times) lighting regimen using red, blue, and white LED lights, respectively. A total of 1350 samples (225 sera, 225 swabs, and 900 organ samples) were collected. Results Blue LED group revealed a highly significant increase (p<0.01) in live body weight, body weight gain, performance index, CW, spleen, heart, and liver weights, and anti-ND antibody titer, as well as a highly significant decline (p<0.01) of feed intake, WI, GLUCO, TG, TC, growth hormone, insulin, tri-iodothyronine (T3), tetra-iodothyronine (T4), total bacterial count (TBC), and total Enterobacteriaceae count compared to red and white LED lights in all tested lighting regimens. Continuous 23L:1D and 18L:6D regimens were significantly (p<0.01) superior to intermittent 16L:8D in their influence on the performance, CW, biochemistry, hormonal profile, and bacterial load. Conclusion The blue LED light associated with continuous 18L:6D or 23L:1D h regimen is highly recommended in broiler houses for their enhancing the productive performance, growth, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam S Soliman
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis, and Animal Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Rania A Hassan
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Animal Production Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Elbeltagy AR, Bertolini F, Fleming DS, Van Goor A, Ashwell CM, Schmidt CJ, Kugonza DR, Lamont SJ, Rothschild MF. Natural Selection Footprints Among African Chicken Breeds and Village Ecotypes. Front Genet 2019; 10:376. [PMID: 31139205 PMCID: PMC6518202 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural selection is likely a major factor in shaping genomic variation of the African indigenous rural chicken, driving the development of genetic footprints. Selection footprints are expected to be associated with adaptation to locally prevailing environmental stressors, which may include diverse factors as high altitude, disease resistance, poor nutrition, oxidative and heat stresses. To determine the existence of a selection footprint, 268 birds were randomly sampled from three indigenous ecotypes from East Africa (Rwanda and Uganda) and North Africa (Baladi), and two registered Egyptian breeds (Dandarawi and Fayoumi). Samples were genotyped using the chicken Affymetrix 600K Axiom® Array. A total of 494,332 SNPs were utilized in the downstream analysis after implementing quality control measures. The intra-population runs of homozygosity (ROH) that occurred in >50% of individuals of an ecotype or in >75% of a breed were studied. To identify inter-population differentiation due to genetic structure, FST was calculated for North- vs. East-African populations and Baladi and Fayoumi vs. Dandarawi for overlapping windows (500 kb with a step-size of 250 kb). The ROH and FST mapping detected several selective sweeps on different autosomes. Results reflected selection footprints of the environmental stresses, breed behavior, and management. Intra-population ROH of the Egyptian chickens showed selection footprints bearing genes for adaptation to heat, solar radiation, ion transport and immunity. The high-altitude-adapted East-African populations' ROH showed a selection signature with genes for angiogenesis, oxygen-heme binding and transport. The neuroglobin gene (GO:0019825 and GO:0015671) was detected on a Chromosome 5 ROH of Rwanda-Uganda ecotypes. The sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter, SLC6A2 on a Chromosome 11 ROH in Fayoumi breed may reflect its active behavior. Inter-population FST among Egyptian populations reflected genetic mechanisms for the Fayoumi resistance to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), while FST between Egyptian and Rwanda-Uganda populations indicated the Secreted frizzled related protein 2, SFRP2, (GO:0009314) on Chromosome 4, that contributes to melanogenic activity and most likely enhances the Dandarawi chicken adaptation to high-intensity of solar radiation in Southern Egypt. These results enhance our understanding of the natural selection forces role in shaping genomic structure for adaptation to the stressful African conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Elbeltagy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Damarius S Fleming
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Angelica Van Goor
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Institute of Food Production and Sustainability, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Chris M Ashwell
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Carl J Schmidt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Donald R Kugonza
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Max F Rothschild
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Li Y, Zhao X, Liu Y, Yang J, Zhang Q, Wang L, Wu W, Yang Q, Liu B. Melatonin loaded with bacterial cellulose nanofiber by Pickering-emulsion solvent evaporation for enhanced dissolution and bioavailability. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:393-401. [PMID: 30731257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present work aimed to explore the potential of bacterial cellulose (BC) for oral delivery of melatonin (MLT), a natural hormone that faces problems of low solubility and oral bioavailability. BC was hydrolyzed by sulfuric acid followed by the oxidation to prepare bacterial cellulose nanofiber suspension (BCNs). Melatonin-loaded bacterial cellulose nanofiber suspension (MLT-BCNs) was prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method. The properties of freeze-dried BCs and MLT-BCNs were studied by Fluorescence microscopy (FM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo gravimetric (TG). The results indicated that the fibers in BCNs became short and thin compared with BC, MLT in MLT-BCNs was uniformly distributed, both BCNs and MLT-BCNs have good thermodynamic stability. The MLT-BCNs showed more rapid dissolution MLT rates compared to the commercially available MLT in SGF and SIF, the dissolution of the cumulative release rate was about 2.1 times of the commercially available MLT. The oral bioavailability of MLT-BCNs in rat was about 2.4 times higher than the commercially available MLT. Thus, MLT-BCNs could act as promising delivery with enhanced dissolution and bioavailability for MLT after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianhang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qilei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bingxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
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Baltaci SB, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK, Emsen A, Artac H. The effect of zinc and melatonin supplementation on immunity parameters in breast cancer induced by DMBA in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:247-252. [PMID: 29057661 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1392580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the effects of zinc and melatonin supplements on the immunity parameters of female rats with breast cancer induced by DMBA. METHODS Group 1; Control, Group 2; 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), Group 3; DMBA + zinc, Group 4; DMBA + melatonin, Group 5; DMBA + zinc + melatonin. The rats' breast cancer was induced by DMBA 80 mg/kg. Groups 3-5 received daily 5 mg/kg doses of zinc, melatonin, and zinc + melatonin, respectively. Lymphocyte rates, T-lymphocyte subgroups, B-lymphocyte and natural killer cells (NK), and natural killer T (NKT) were evaluated. RESULTS The most significant increase in lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte, and CD4 lymphocyte rates was found in Group 5. The highest NKT cell rates were found in Group 3. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that zinc and melatonin supplements have led to an increase in the immunity parameters of rats with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- a Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty , Selcuk University , Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Ayca Emsen
- b Department of Pediatric Immunology, Medical Faculty , Selcuk University , Konya, Turkey
| | - Hasibe Artac
- b Department of Pediatric Immunology, Medical Faculty , Selcuk University , Konya, Turkey
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Murray CK, Hamblin MR, Hooper DC, Dai T. Antimicrobial blue light inactivation of pathogenic microbes: State of the art. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 33-35:1-22. [PMID: 29145971 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As an innovative non-antibiotic approach, antimicrobial blue light in the spectrum of 400-470nm has demonstrated its intrinsic antimicrobial properties resulting from the presence of endogenous photosensitizing chromophores in pathogenic microbes and, subsequently, its promise as a counteracter of antibiotic resistance. Since we published our last review of antimicrobial blue light in 2012, there have been a substantial number of new studies reported in this area. Here we provide an updated overview of the findings from the new studies over the past 5 years, including the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light inactivation of different microbes, its mechanism of action, synergism of antimicrobial blue light with other angents, its effect on host cells and tissues, the potential development of resistance to antimicrobial blue light by microbes, and a novel interstitial delivery approach of antimicrobial blue light. The potential new applications of antimicrobial blue light are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Center, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center of Digital Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Clinton K Murray
- Infectious Disease Service, San Antonio Military Medical Center, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Hooper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang Y, Bai X, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Dong Y, Chen Y. Various LED Wavelengths Affected Myofiber Development and Satellite Cell Proliferation of Chick Embryos via the IGF-1 Signaling Pathway. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1492-1501. [PMID: 28708285 DOI: 10.1111/php.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An effect of monochromatic light illumination on muscle mass has been discovered in chickens; however, its effect on the development of embryonic muscle remains unclear. Our previous studies demonstrated that monochromatic green light promoted satellite cell proliferation and muscle growth in posthatching broilers. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of monochromatic light exposure on muscle development in late embryogenesis. Seven hundred and fifty fertile broiler eggs were randomly assigned to blue (B-group), green (G-group), red (R-group), white (W-group) lights or darkness (D-group) throughout the incubation period. The muscle weight and fiber size were highest in the G-group compared to the other groups during embryonic days (E) 17 to E20. The proliferation of satellite cells isolated from the G-group was highest, and in vivo green light remarkably increased the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in skeletal muscle. Meanwhile, plasma IGF-1 was higher (15.5-16.2%) in the G-group than that in D- and R-groups, and the satellite cells isolated from the G-group had a more sensitive response to IGF-1. These findings demonstrate green monochromatic photobiomodulation promoted the muscle growth and satellite cell proliferation was related to the IGF-1 signaling pathway in late embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Bai
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Dong
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhang L, Chen F, Cao J, Dong Y, Wang Z, Chen Y. Melatonin modulates monochromatic light-induced melatonin receptor expression in the hypothalamus of chicks. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:733-739. [PMID: 28943001 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To study the mechanism of the effect of monochromatic light on physiological function in chicken, a total of 192 newly hatched chicks were randomly divided into intact, sham-operated and pinealectomy groups then exposed to white light (WL), red light (RL), green light (GL) and blue light (BL) using a light-emitting diode (LED) system for two weeks. At P14, the hypothalami were immediately collected for immunohistochemical staining of melatonin receptor subtypes (Mel1a and Mel1b) and detection of Mel1a and Mel1b expressions using RT-PCR and western blot. Immunohistochemical staining of the hypothalamus showed that the Mel1a-ir cells were distributed in the preoptic area (POA), nucleus preopticus periventricularis (POP) and suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), and the Mel1b-ir cells were presented in the POA and SCN. Analysis of RT-PCR and western blot showed that the mRNA and protein levels of Mel1a and Mel1b in the hypothalamus of chick exposed to GL were increased by 10.7-29.3%, 9.18-35.9% and 8.97-27.3% compared to those in the chicks exposed to WL (P=0.029-0.002), RL (P=0.027-0.001) and BL (P=0.038-0.007) in the intact group, respectively. After pinealectomy, however, these parameters decreased and there were no significant differences among the WL, RL, GL and BL groups. These findings suggested that melatonin plays a critical role in GL illumination-enhanced Mel1a and Mel1b expressions in the hypothalamus of chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Funing Chen
- Changping Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing 102208, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Nogueira RC, Sampaio LDFS. Eye and heart morphogenesis are dependent on melatonin signaling in chick embryos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:3826-3835. [PMID: 28839011 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.159848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin is vital for chick embryos morphogenesis in the incubation time 48-66 h when the rudimentary C-shaped heart attains an S-shaped pattern and the optic vesicles develop into optic cups. Melatonin is in the extraembryonic yolk sac of the avian egg; melatonin binds calmodulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of melatonin in the formation of the chick embryo optic cups and S-shaped heart, by pharmacological methods and immunoassays. Mel1a melatonin receptor immunofluorescence was distributed in the optic cups and rudimentary hearts. We separated embryonated chicken eggs at 48 h of incubation into basal, control and drug-treated groups, with treatment applied in the egg air sac. At 66 h of incubation, embryos were excised from the eggs and analyzed. Embryos from the basal, control (distilled water), melatonin and 6-chloromelatonin (melatonin receptor agonist) groups had regular optic cups and an S-shaped heart, while those from the calmidazolium (calmodulin inhibitor) group did not. Embryos from the luzindole (melatonin receptor antagonist) and prazosin (Mel1c melatonin receptor antagonist) groups did not have regular optic cups. Embryos from the 4-P-PDOT (Mel1b melatonin receptor antagonist) group did not have an S-shaped heart. Previous application of the melatonin, 6-chloromelatonin or forskolin (adenylate cyclase enhancer) prevented the abnormal appearance of chick embryos from the calmidazolium, luzindole, prazosin and 4-P-PDOT groups. However, 6-chloromelatonin and forskolin only partially prevented the development of defective eye cups in embryos from the calmidazolium group. The results suggested that melatonin modulates chick embryo morphogenesis via calmodulin and membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato C Nogueira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Desenvolvimento do Sistema Nervoso, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará. Av. Augusto Corrêa 1, CEP: 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Lucia de Fatima S Sampaio
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Desenvolvimento do Sistema Nervoso, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará. Av. Augusto Corrêa 1, CEP: 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
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Ren W, Liu G, Chen S, Yin J, Wang J, Tan B, Wu G, Bazer FW, Peng Y, Li T, Reiter RJ, Yin Y. Melatonin signaling in T cells: Functions and applications. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28152213 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin affects a variety of physiological processes including circadian rhythms, cellular redox status, and immune function. Importantly, melatonin significantly influences T-cell-mediated immune responses, which are crucial to protect mammals against cancers and infections, but are associated with pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on our current understanding of the significance of melatonin in T-cell biology and the beneficial effects of melatonin in T-cell response-based diseases. In addition to expressing both membrane and nuclear receptors for melatonin, T cells have the four enzymes required for the synthesis of melatonin and produce high levels of melatonin. Meanwhile, melatonin is highly effective in modulating T-cell activation and differentiation, especially for Th17 and Treg cells, and also memory T cells. Mechanistically, the influence of melatonin in T-cell biology is associated with membrane and nuclear receptors as well as receptor-independent pathways, for example, via calcineurin. Several cell signaling pathways, including ERK1/2-C/EBPα, are involved in the regulatory roles of melatonin in T-cell biology. Through modulation in T-cell responses, melatonin exerts beneficial effects in various inflammatory diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. These findings highlight the importance of melatonin signaling in T-cell fate determination, and T cell-based immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Ren
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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