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Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A, Bonda-Ostaszewska E, Bajguz A. Mitigating Effect of Trans-Zeatin on Cadmium Toxicity in Desmodesmus armatus. Cells 2024; 13:686. [PMID: 38667301 PMCID: PMC11049045 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones, particularly cytokinin trans-zeatin (tZ), were studied for their impact on the green alga Desmodesmus armatus under cadmium (Cd) stress, focusing on growth, metal accumulation, and stress response mechanisms. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy for the Cd level and high-performance liquid chromatography for photosynthetic pigments and phytochelatins, along with spectrophotometry for antioxidants and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for phytohormones, we found that tZ enhances Cd uptake in D. armatus, potentially improving phycoremediation of aquatic environments. Cytokinin mitigates Cd toxicity by regulating internal phytohormone levels and activating metal tolerance pathways, increasing phytochelatin synthase activity and phytochelatin accumulation essential for Cd sequestration. Treatment with tZ and Cd also resulted in increased cell proliferation, photosynthetic pigment and antioxidant levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing oxidative stress. This suggests that cytokinin-mediated mechanisms in D. armatus enhance its capacity for Cd uptake and tolerance, offering promising avenues for more effective aquatic phycoremediation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Bonda-Ostaszewska
- Department of Evolutionary and Physiological Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
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2
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You Y, Wang L, Ju C, Wang X, Wang Y. How does phosphorus influence Cd tolerance strategy in arbuscular mycorrhizal - Phragmites australis symbiotic system? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131318. [PMID: 37011447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To clarify how phosphorus (P) influences arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) interactions with host plants, we measured the effects of variation in environmental P levels and AMF colonization on photosynthesis, element absorption, ultrastructure, antioxidant capacity, and transcription mechanisms in Phragmites australis (P. australis) under cadmium (Cd) stress. AMF maintained photosynthetic stability, element balance, subcellular integrity and enhanced antioxidant capacity by upregulating antioxidant gene expression. Specifically, AMF overcame Cd-induced stomatal limitation, and mycorrhizal dependence peaked in the high Cd-moderate P treatment (156.08%). Antioxidants and compatible solutes responded to P-level changes: the primary driving forces of removing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintaining osmotic balance were superoxide dismutase, catalase, and sugars at limited P levels and total polyphenol, flavonoid, peroxidase, and proline at abundant P levels, we refer to this phenomenon as "functional link." AMF and phosphorus enhanced Cd tolerance in P. australis, but the regulation of AMF was P-dependent. Phosphorus prevented increases in total glutathione content and AMF-induced GSH/GSSG ratio (reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio) by inhibiting the expression of assimilatory sulfate reduction and glutathione reductase genes. The AMF-induced flavonoid synthesis pathway was regulated by P, and AMF activated Cd-tolerance mechanisms by inducing P-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang You
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang Ju
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
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3
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Song L, Xu X, Zheng Y, Hong W, Li X, Ai Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Chen H, Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhou J. Dynamic mechanisms of cadmium accumulation and detoxification by Lolium perenne grown in soil inoculated with the cadmium-tolerant bacterium strain Cdq4-2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162314. [PMID: 36805060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a serious threat to food security and human health. The cost-effective in situ method of remediating Cd-contaminated soil uses Cd-tolerant microorganisms and Cd-enriching plants. The present study investigated the dynamic effects of inoculating soil with a Cd-tolerant bacteria strain Cdq4-2 (Enterococcus sp.) on the physiological and biochemical properties of perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne. The combined effects of remediating Cd-contaminated soil with this plant and these bacteria were also studied. An experiment was used to compare three treatments of L. perenne crops: 1) CK (control soil without Cd), 2) C (20 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil), and 3) CB (20 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil inoculated with bacteria Cdq4-2). The results show that compared with treatment C, the aboveground biomass, underground biomass, and total biomass of CB were 46.83-69.31%, 131.76-462.79%, and 62.65-101.53% greater, respectively. The superoxide dismutase activity of CB was 17.62-54.63% lower, while its peroxidase activity was 67.49-146.51% higher. The malondialdehyde concentration in CB was 30.40-40.24% more significant, the ascorbic acid concentration was 6.20-188.22% higher, and its glutathione concentration was 16.25-63.63% lower. The Cd concentrations of aboveground parts of a plant in treatment CB were 18.55% and 30.53% higher than those of C at days 20 and 40, respectively, while that of underground parts was 24.25% higher on day 40. The bioconcentration factors of aboveground and underground parts were higher in treatment CB on day 40. The inoculation of Cd-contaminated soils with bacteria Cdq4-2 promoted growth in L. perenne, improved its antioxidant ability, and promoted the absorption, translocation, and accumulation of Cd. Hence, it improved the effectiveness of L. perenne in remediating Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanping Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Wanyue Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Modern Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yanmei Ai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zekun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yongjie Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jihai Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Modern Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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4
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Li L, Zheng Q, Jiang W, Xiao N, Zeng F, Chen G, Mak M, Chen ZH, Deng F. Molecular Regulation and Evolution of Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Abiotic Stresses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1787-1805. [PMID: 35639886 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable production of crops faces increasing challenges from global climate change and human activities, which leads to increasing instances of many abiotic stressors to plants. Among the abiotic stressors, drought, salinity and excessive levels of toxic metals cause reductions in global agricultural productivity and serious health risks for humans. Cytokinins (CKs) are key phytohormones functioning in both normal development and stress responses in plants. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms on the biosynthesis, metabolism, transport and signaling transduction pathways of CKs. CKs act as negative regulators of both root system architecture plasticity and root sodium exclusion in response to salt stress. The functions of CKs in mineral-toxicity tolerance and their detoxification in plants are reviewed. Comparative genomic analyses were performed to trace the origin, evolution and diversification of the critical regulatory networks linking CK signaling and abiotic stress. We found that the production of CKs and their derivatives, pathways of signal transduction and drought-response root growth regulation are evolutionarily conserved in land plants. In addition, the mechanisms of CK-mediated sodium exclusion under salt stress are suggested for further investigations. In summary, we propose that the manipulation of CK levels and their signaling pathways is important for plant abiotic stress and is, therefore, a potential strategy for meeting the increasing demand for global food production under changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Qingfeng Zheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Nayun Xiao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Michelle Mak
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Fenglin Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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5
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Yin Z, Yu J, Han X, Wang H, Yang Q, Pan H, Lou Y, Zhuge Y. A novel phytoremediation technology for polluted cadmium soil: Salix integra treated with spermidine and activated carbon. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135582. [PMID: 35803376 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A variety of plants have been used as phytoremediation materials to remove Cd from polluted soil. However, the disadvantages of using plants for decontamination include low biomass, low uptake, and inefficiency. We conducted experiments to determine the effects of spermidine and activated carbon treatments of Salix integra on Cd removal. The results showed that exogenous spermidine and activated carbon increased plant growth and root development compared with the CK. The increased dry mass (39.65-92.95%) with the combined spermidine and activated carbon treatments was higher than that with either single treatment (14.79-62.80%). The root length, surface area, root volume, and root diameter with the combined spermidine and activated carbon treatments (53.51-189.35%, 113.08-207.62%, 111.71-499.27%, and 32.51-106.62%, respectively) were higher than those of the lone application treatments (19.35-132.23%, 52.33-111.57%, 35.08-297.07%, and 24.22-81.38%, respectively). In addition, spermidine and activated carbon application reduced the toxicity of Cd to S. integra by improving the antioxidant capacity, thereby increasing the accumulation of Cd. The application of spermidine and activated carbon also changed the distribution of Cd in each part of S. integra. There was increased accumulation of Cd in the shoots and better absorption by the S. integra shoots, thereby improving their Cd remediation efficiency. The combined 0.8 mM spermidine and 0.5 g kg-1 activated carbon were most effective on removing Cd from the soil. The Cd removal efficiency was 78.11-120.86% higher than that of the CK. Our results may provide foundational information for understanding the mechanisms for the sustainable remediation of Cd-contaminated soil using a combination of spermidine and activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerun Yin
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jinpeng Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinran Han
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Quangang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong Pan
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanhong Lou
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yuping Zhuge
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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Khanna K, Kohli SK, Ohri P, Bhardwaj R, Ahmad P. Agroecotoxicological Aspect of Cd in Soil–Plant System: Uptake, Translocation and Amelioration Strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:30908-30934. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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7
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Phytochemical analysis reveals an antioxidant defense response in Lonicera japonica to cadmium-induced oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6840. [PMID: 35477983 PMCID: PMC9046209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), though potentially beneficial at lower levels to some plant species, at higher levels is a toxic metal that is detrimental to plant growth and development. Cd is also a carcinogen to humans and other contaminated plant consumers, affecting the kidneys and reducing bone strength. In this study we investigated responses of growth, chlorophyll content, reactive oxygen species levels, and antioxidant responses to Cd in honeysuckle leaves (Lonicera japonica Thunb.), a potential Cd hyperaccumulator. Results indicated that plant height, dry weight, leaf area, and chlorophyll content increased when honeysuckle was exposed to 10 mg kg-1 or 30 mg kg-1 Cd (low concentration). However, in response to 150 mg kg-1 or 200 mg kg-1 Cd (high concentration) these growth parameters and chlorophyll content significantly decreased relative to untreated control plant groups. Higher levels of superoxide radical (O2·-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were observed in high concentration Cd groups. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase were enhanced with exposure to increasing levels of Cd. Additionally, the Ascorbate-Glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle was activated for the removal of H2O2 in honeysuckle in response to elevated Cd. The Pearson correlation analysis, a redundancy analysis, and a permutation test indicated that proline and APX were dominant antioxidants for removing O2·- and H2O2. The antioxidants GSH and non-protein thiols (NPTs) also increased as the concentration of Cd increased.
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Zulfiqar U, Jiang W, Xiukang W, Hussain S, Ahmad M, Maqsood MF, Ali N, Ishfaq M, Kaleem M, Haider FU, Farooq N, Naveed M, Kucerik J, Brtnicky M, Mustafa A. Cadmium Phytotoxicity, Tolerance, and Advanced Remediation Approaches in Agricultural Soils; A Comprehensive Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:773815. [PMID: 35371142 PMCID: PMC8965506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.773815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental contaminant due to its widespread industrial use. Cd contamination of soil and water is rather classical but has emerged as a recent problem. Cd toxicity causes a range of damages to plants ranging from germination to yield suppression. Plant physiological functions, i.e., water interactions, essential mineral uptake, and photosynthesis, are also harmed by Cd. Plants have also shown metabolic changes because of Cd exposure either as direct impact on enzymes or other metabolites, or because of its propensity to produce reactive oxygen species, which can induce oxidative stress. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the potential of plants with ability to accumulate or stabilize Cd compounds for bioremediation of Cd pollution. Here, we critically review the chemistry of Cd and its dynamics in soil and the rhizosphere, toxic effects on plant growth, and yield formation. To conserve the environment and resources, chemical/biological remediation processes for Cd and their efficacy have been summarized in this review. Modulation of plant growth regulators such as cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins, auxins, abscisic acid, polyamines, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, and nitric oxide has been highlighted. Development of plant genotypes with restricted Cd uptake and reduced accumulation in edible portions by conventional and marker-assisted breeding are also presented. In this regard, use of molecular techniques including identification of QTLs, CRISPR/Cas9, and functional genomics to enhance the adverse impacts of Cd in plants may be quite helpful. The review's results should aid in the development of novel and suitable solutions for limiting Cd bioavailability and toxicity, as well as the long-term management of Cd-polluted soils, therefore reducing environmental and human health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wenting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Wang Xiukang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nauman Ali
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Naila Farooq
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Sameena PP, Kalaji HM, Żuk-Gołaszewska K, Horaczek T, Sierka E, Puthur JT. 6-Benzylaminopurine Alleviates the Impact of Cu 2+ Toxicity on Photosynthetic Performance of Ricinus communis L. Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413349. [PMID: 34948146 PMCID: PMC8709281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential element involved in various metabolic processes in plants, but at concentrations above the threshold level, it becomes a potential stress factor. The effects of two different cytokinins, kinetin (KIN) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), on chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, stomatal responses and antioxidation mechanisms in castor (Ricinus communis L.) under Cu2+ toxicity was investigated. Ricinus communis plants were exposed to 80 and 160 μM CuSO4 added to the growth medium. Foliar spraying of 15 μM KIN and BAP was carried out on these seedlings. The application of these cytokinins enhanced the tissue water status, chlorophyll contents, stomatal opening and photosynthetic efficiency in the castor plants subjected to Cu2+ stress. The fluorescence parameters, such as Fm, Fv/Fo, Sm, photochemical and non-photochemical quantum yields, energy absorbed, energy trapped and electron transport per cross-sections, were more efficiently modulated by BAP application than KIN under Cu2+ toxicity. There was also effective alleviation of reactive oxygen species by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidation systems, reducing the membrane lipid peroxidation, which brought about a relative enhancement in the membrane stability index. Of the various treatments, 80 µM CuSO4 + BAP recorded the highest increase in photosynthetic efficiency compared to other cytokinin treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that BAP could effectively alleviate the detrimental effects of Cu2+toxicity in cotyledonary leaves of R. communis by effectively modulating stomatal responses and antioxidation mechanisms, thereby enhancing the photosynthetic apparatus’ functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthukkolli P. Sameena
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., Malappuram 673635, Kerala, India;
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska
- Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Horaczek
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
| | - Edyta Sierka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jos T. Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., Malappuram 673635, Kerala, India;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-94-4750-7845
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10
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Luo W, Long Y, Feng Z, Li R, Huang X, Zhong J, Liu D, Zhao H. A γ-glutamylcysteine ligase AcGCL alleviates cadmium-inhibited fructooligosaccharides metabolism by modulating glutathione level in Allium cepa L. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126255. [PMID: 34157465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are important carbohydrates in plants. Cadmium (Cd) toxicity limits growth and development in several plant species. Whether FOS metabolism is affected by Cd and the molecular mechanisms of tolerance of the effects of Cd toxicity in plants remain enigmatic. In the present study, FOS metabolism was analyzed under Cd stress in onion (Allium cepa L.). Results showed that Cd stress can inhibit FOS accumulation in onion, followed by the upregulation of a putative onion γ-glutamylcysteine ligase gene AcGCL. Heterologous expression of the AcGCL protein in Escherichia coli revealed that this recombinant enzyme has GCL activity. Furthermore, overexpressing AcGCL significantly increased glutathione (GSH) accumulation in young onion roots under Cd treatment, accompanied by increased phytochelatin (PC) amount, and increased transcript expression of GSH synthetase (GS), and phytochelatin synthase (PCS) genes. Notably, compared with control, overexpressing AcGCL ameliorated Cd phytotoxicity on onion FOS metabolism, which correlated with increased FOS synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that the function of AcGCL as a γ-glutamylcysteine ligase can alleviate Cd inhibited FOS metabolism by modulating GSH levels in onion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuming Long
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zili Feng
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhong
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dongyun Liu
- The Technology Center for Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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11
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Wang J, Wang D, Zhu M, Li F. Exogenous 6-Benzyladenine Improves Waterlogging Tolerance in Maize Seedlings by Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Upregulating the Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:680376. [PMID: 34539688 PMCID: PMC8446516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.680376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) regulates plant growth and prevents the negative consequences of various forms of abiotic stress, including waterlogging in crop plants. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous 6-BA on the growth, oxidative stress, and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle system in the inbred SY-MY13 (waterlogging-resistant) and SY-XT1 (waterlogging-sensitive) seedlings of waxy corn in conditions of waterlogging stress. The results demonstrated that waterlogging stress causes chlorosis and necrosis in waxy corn leaves, inhibiting growth and leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces oxidative stress and, in turn, reduces membrane lipid peroxidation and the disruption of membrane homeostasis. This is specifically manifested in the increased concentrations of superoxide anion radicals ( O 2 - ), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA), in addition to increased relative electrical conductivity (REC%) values. The SY-MY13 strain exhibited growth superior to that of SY-XT1 when waterlogged due to its excellent waterlogging resistance. Thus, exogenous 6-BA was found to be effective in enhancing the growth of plants stressed by waterlogging in terms of the weight of the shoots and roots, shoot height, and leaf area. In addition to this, exogenous 6-BA also reduced the accumulation of O 2 - , H2O2, and MDA, increased ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity, and enhanced ascorbic acid (AsA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration through the regulation of the efficiency of the AsA-GSH cycle system in maize plants. Hence, the application of exogenous 6-BA can alleviate waterlogging-induced damage and improve waterlogging tolerance in waxy corn via the activation of the AsA-GSH cycle system and the elimination of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- College of Agronomy, Specialty Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daye Wang
- College of Agronomy, Specialty Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Specialty Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fenghai Li
- College of Agronomy, Specialty Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Guo Z, Zeng P, Xiao X, Peng C. Physiological, anatomical, and transcriptional responses of mulberry (Morus alba L.) to Cd stress in contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117387. [PMID: 34049160 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry has been widely studied for its capacity to tolerate heavy metals. However, the anatomical and molecular response mechanisms of Cd detoxification and transportation in mulberry have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the anatomical characteristics, Cd and mineral element uptake and transport, and transcriptome profiling of mulberry were studied under Cd stress. The results showed that mulberry possessed strong detoxification and self-protection abilities against Cd stress. The growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of mulberry were only slightly affected when the soil Cd content was less than 37.0 mg/kg, while the Ca and Mg contents in the mulberry roots were clearly (p < 0.05) increased by 37.85%-40.87% and 36.63%-53.06% in 37.0-55.4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, the relationships between antioxidant enzyme activities, such as peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and Cd content in plants were positive. Furthermore, the structures of leaf cells, root and stem tissues were largely intact; simultaneously, the increase in osmiophilic particles and the dissolution of starch granules in mulberry leaves significantly responded to Cd stress. Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) and Gene Ontology (GO) classification analysis indicated that mulberry can enhance the catalytic activity, regulate the transport and metabolism of inorganic ions, and strengthen its antioxidant enzyme activity and defense mechanism to decrease Cd intoxication. Large numbers of differentially expressed genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione metabolism, chelation, plant hormone signal transduction, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were upregulated under Cd stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that plant hormone signal transduction was significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in roots, stems, and leaves of mulberry, and abscisic acid and ethylene can mediate MAPK signaling pathways to increase plant tolerance to Cd stress. The results suggested that the physiological, cellular and tissue, and transcriptional regulation of mulberry can facilitate its stress adaptation in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Guo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Peng Zeng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chi Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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13
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Grifoni M, Rosellini I, Petruzzelli G, Pedron F, Franchi E, Barbafieri M. Application of sulphate and cytokinin in assisted arsenic phytoextraction by industrial Cannabis sativa L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:47294-47305. [PMID: 33890221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytoextraction is currently investigated to effectively remediate soil contaminated by metals and provide highly competitive biomass for energy production. This research aimed to increase arsenic (As) removal from contaminated soil using industrial Cannabis sativa L., a suitable energy crop for biofuel production. Assisted phytoextraction experiments were conducted on a microcosm scale to explore the ability of two friendly treatments, sodium sulphate (SO4) and exogenous cytokinin (CK), in increasing As phytoextraction efficiency. The results showed that the treatments significantly increased As phytoextraction. Cytokinin was the most effective agent for effectively increasing translocation and the amount of As in aerial parts of C. sativa. In fact, the concentration of As in the shoots of CK-treated plants increased by 172% and 44% compared to untreated and SO4-treated plants, respectively. However, the increased As amount accumulated in C. sativa tissues due to the two treatments negatively affected plant growth. Arsenic toxicity caused a significant decrease in aerial C. sativa biomass treated with CK and SO4 of about 32.7% and 29.8% compared to untreated plants, respectively. However, for our research purposes, biomass reduction has been counterbalanced by an increase in As phytoextraction, such as to consider C. sativa and CK an effective combination for the remediation of As-contaminated soils. Considering that C. sativa has the suitable characteristics to provide valuable resources for bioenergy production, our work can help improve the implementation of a sustainable management model for As contaminated areas, such as phytoremediation coupled with bioenergy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Grifoni
- National Research Council - Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Section of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Irene Rosellini
- National Research Council - Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Section of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianniantonio Petruzzelli
- National Research Council - Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Section of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Pedron
- National Research Council - Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Section of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Franchi
- Eni S.p.A., Renewable Energy & Environmental Laboratories, S. Donato Milanese, MI, Italy
| | - Meri Barbafieri
- National Research Council - Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Section of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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14
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Khan MIR, Chopra P, Chhillar H, Ahanger MA, Hussain SJ, Maheshwari C. Regulatory hubs and strategies for improving heavy metal tolerance in plants: Chemical messengers, omics and genetic engineering. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:260-278. [PMID: 34020167 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) accumulation in the agricultural soil and its toxicity is a major threat for plant growth and development. HMs disrupt functional integrity of the plants, induces altered phenological and physiological responses and slashes down qualitative crop yield. Chemical messengers such as phytohormones, plant growth regulators and gasotransmitters play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development under metal toxicity in plants. Understanding the intricate network of these chemical messengers as well as interactions of genes/metabolites/proteins associated with HM toxicity in plants is necessary for deciphering insights into the regulatory circuit involved in HM tolerance. The present review describes (a) the role of chemical messengers in HM-induced toxicity mitigation, (b) possible crosstalk between phytohormones and other signaling cascades involved in plants HM tolerance and (c) the recent advancements in biotechnological interventions including genetic engineering, genome editing and omics approaches to provide a step ahead in making of improved plant against HM toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sofi Javed Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Kokernag, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Agricultural Energy and Power Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
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15
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Kovár M, Navrátilová A, Trakovická A, Požgajová M. Ascorbic acid supplementation suppresses cadmium-derived alterations in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. POTRAVINARSTVO 2021. [DOI: 10.5219/1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) a highly toxic environmental pollutant, that does not have any physiological function in the organism, represents a great concern for human health as it can be easily transported from its environmental sources to the food chain. Food, water, and air are the major sources of Cd exposure to the population. Cd-mediated impairments of the basic cellular properties largely depend on its ability to enhance the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus triggers oxidative stress to the cell. With the use of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) as the model organism, we have analyzed the impact of Cd on the cell growth intensity, as it represents the fundamental feature of all living organisms. Cells were incubated with different Cd concentrations for 3, 6, and 9 hours to investigate the effect of Cd on cell growth in a time and dose-dependent manner. Further possible Cd-derived alterations, as the peroxidation of membrane lipids or the functional impairment of the enzymatic antioxidant protection mechanisms, were investigated by determination of the MDA content and via catalase (CAT) activity detection. Moreover, ascorbic acid (AsA) pre-treatment was subjected to investigate the assumed positive effect of AsA against Cd toxicity. We show here on one hand that cells suffer under the influence of Cd, but on the other hand, they substantially profit from AsA supplementation. Because S. pombe is known to shares many molecular, and biochemical similarities with higher organisms, the effect of AsA in cadmium toxicity elimination might be expected to a similar extent also in other cell types.
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Fu J, Xiao Y, Wang YF, Liu ZH, Yang K. Saline-alkaline stress in growing maize seedlings is alleviated by Trichoderma asperellum through regulation of the soil environment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11152. [PMID: 34045597 PMCID: PMC8159927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of the land area of Heilongjiang Province, China, is composed of saline-alkaline soil, which severely inhibits maize growth. Although Trichoderma treatment is widely regarded as a promising strategy for improving the soil environment and promoting plant growth, the mechanism through which Trichoderma asperellum enhances maize resistance to saline-alkaline stress is not clear. In this study, we explored the effect of T. asperellum application at different concentrations to soil saline-alkaline environment on the seedlings of two maize cultivars, assessing the biochemical parameters related to oxidation resistance. Increasing spore densities of T. asperellum suspension effectively regulated the soil ion balance in the rhizosphere of maize seedlings, reduced the soil pH by 2.15-5.76% and sodium adsorption ratios by 22.70-54.13%, increased soil nutrient content and enzyme activity, and improved the soil environment for seedling growth. Additionally, T. asperellum treatment increased the maize seedling content of osmo-regulating substances and rate of glutathione:oxidised glutathione (43.86-88.25%) and ascorbate:oxidised ascorbate (25.26-222.32%) by affecting the antioxidant enzyme activity in the roots, increasing reactive oxygen species scavenging, and maintaining the osmotic balance and metabolic homeostasis under saline-alkaline stress. T. asperellum also improved the saline-alkaline tolerance of maize seedlings by improving the root growth characteristics. Moreover, results showed that Trichoderma applied at high concentration had the greatest effect. In conclusion, improvement in the saline-alkaline tolerance of maize seedlings by T. asperellum under saline-alkaline soil conditions may be achieved through diverse effects that vary among maize cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fu
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412064.50000 0004 1808 3449College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.412064.50000 0004 1808 3449Postdoctoral Research Station for Crop Science of Heilongjiang, Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiao
- grid.412064.50000 0004 1808 3449College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-feng Wang
- grid.412064.50000 0004 1808 3449College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-hua Liu
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kejun Yang
- grid.412064.50000 0004 1808 3449College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
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17
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Ke T, Zhang J, Tao Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Chen L. Individual and combined application of Cu-tolerant Bacillus spp. enhance the Cu phytoextraction efficiency of perennial ryegrass. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127952. [PMID: 32828058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Forage grasses have recently received a remarkable amount of attention as promising candidates for decontaminating metal-polluted soils, but this strategy is time-consuming and inefficient. The present study aimed to address the beneficial effects of screened plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains Bacillus sp. EhS5 and EhS7 on perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. Single or combined inoculation considerably increased the biomass yield and Cu content of inoculated ryegrass compared with uninoculated plants, thereby enhancing the extraction efficiency at different Cu contamination levels. Bioaugmentation did not show a positive impact on the improvement of fescue's phytoextraction efficiency. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation coefficient results identified root development and photosynthesis as the key variables influencing ryegrass biomass. Antioxidant activities and Cu bioavailability are the key variables influencing Cu accumulation. The inoculated ryegrass showed improved photosynthetic status as the photosystem II system efficiency parameters increased and energy dissipation in the form of heat (DIo/RC) decreased with the help of PGPR. The root length, diameter, surface area, and forks of inoculated ryegrass increased remarkably. The levels of scavengers of reactive oxygen species were enhanced in these plants. Moreover, PGPR significantly increased soil Cu bioavailability by secreting siderophores and organic acid and by increasing soil organic carbon content. Dual inoculation showed better results than individual inoculation in improving ryegrass growth and Cu translocation under high Cu contamination level according to PCA. This study systematically explored the effects and mechanisms of the Bacillus-ryegrass combined remediation and provided a novel method for cleaning Cu-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Ke
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yue Tao
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yurui Zhang
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yanhong Xu
- National Central City Research Institute, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, PR China
| | - Lanzhou Chen
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
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18
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Salazar-Iribe A, De-la-Peña C. Auxins, the hidden player in chloroplast development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1595-1608. [PMID: 32960306 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Throughout decades of plant research, the plant hormones known as auxins have been found to be of vital importance in most plant development processes. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) represents the most common auxin in plants and can be synthesized from its tryptophan precursor, which is synthesized in the chloroplast. The chloroplast constitutes an organelle of great relevance to plants since the photosynthesis process by which plants get most of their energy is carried out there. The role of auxins in photosynthesis has been studied for at least 50 years, and in this time, it has been shown that auxins have an effect on several of the essential components and structure of the chloroplast. In recent decades, a high number of genes have been reported to be expressed in the chloroplast and some of their mutants have been shown to alter different auxin-mediated pathways. Genes in signaling pathways such as IAA/AUX, ARF, GH.3, SAUR and TIR, biosynthesis-related genes such as YUCCA and transport-related genes such as PIN have been identified among the most regulated genes in mutants related to alterations in the chloroplast. This review aims to provide a complete and updated summary of the relationship between auxins and several processes that involve the chloroplast, including chloroplast development, plant albinism, redox regulation and pigment synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Salazar-Iribe
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Clelia De-la-Peña
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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19
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Li G, Li Q, Wang L, Zhang D. Cadmium tolerance and detoxification in Myriophyllum aquaticum: physiological responses, chemical forms, and subcellular distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37733-37744. [PMID: 32607997 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Submerged macrophytes have been found to be promising in removing cadmium (Cd) from aquatic ecosystems; however, the mechanism of Cd detoxification in these plants is still poorly understood. In the present study, Cd chemical forms and subcellular distributing behaviors in Myriophyllum aquaticum and the physiological mechanism underlying M. aquaticum in response to Cd stress were explored. During the study, M. aquaticum was grown in a hydroponic system and was treated under different concentrations of Cd (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.25, and 1.25 mg/L) for 14 days. The differential centrifugation suggested that most Cd was split in the soluble fraction (57.40-66.25%) and bound to the cell wall (24.92-38.57%). Furthermore, Cd in M. aquaticum was primarily present in NaCl-extractable Cd (51.76-91.15% in leaves and 58.71-84.76% in stems), followed by acetic acid-extractable Cd (5.17-22.42% in leaves and 9.54-16.56% in stems) and HCl-extractable Cd (0.80-12.23% in leaves and 3.56-18.87% in stems). The malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in M. aquaticum were noticeably increased under each Cd concentration. The activities of catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves were initially increased under relatively low concentrations of Cd but were decreased further with the increasing concentrations of Cd. The ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in stems increased with increasing Cd concentrations. Taken together, our results indicate that M. aquaticum can be used successfully for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated water, and the detoxification mechanisms in M. aquaticum include enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, subcellular partitioning, and the formation of different chemical forms of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China.
| | - Qingsong Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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20
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Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A, Bajguz A, Kotowska U, Zambrzycka-Szelewa E, Sienkiewicz A. Auxins and Cytokinins Regulate Phytohormone Homeostasis and Thiol-Mediated Detoxification in the Green Alga Acutodesmus obliquus Exposed to Lead Stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10193. [PMID: 32576894 PMCID: PMC7311453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones, such as auxins and cytokinins, take part in the integration of growth control and stress response, but their role in algal adaptation to heavy metal remains to be elucidated. The current research indicated that lead (Pb), one of the most toxic metals in nature, causes severe depletion of endogenous cytokinins, auxins, and gibberellin and an increase in abscisic acid content in the green alga Acutodesmus obliquus. Exogenous auxins and cytokinins alleviate Pb toxicity through the regulation of the endogenous phytohormones’ levels. Exogenously applied auxins provoked the coordinated activation metal tolerance mechanisms leading to the increase in phytochelatin synthase activity and accumulation of phytochelatins and their precursors, which are essential for Pb sequestration. On the other hand, phytochelatin synthesis decreased in algal cells treated with cytokinins. Significant changes in the levels of low molecular weight metabolites, mainly involved in metal chelation and glutathione synthesis pathway under the influence of phytohormones in algal cells growing in the presence of Pb stress, were observed. This is the first report showing that auxins and cytokinins are important regulatory factors in algal adaptation strategies to heavy metal stress based on thiol-mediated compounds and the maintenance of phytohormone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Kotowska
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aneta Sienkiewicz
- Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Wiejska 45A, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
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21
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Zhou M, Ghnaya T, Dailly H, Cui G, Vanpee B, Han R, Lutts S. The cytokinin trans-zeatine riboside increased resistance to heavy metals in the halophyte plant species Kosteletzkya pentacarpos in the absence but not in the presence of NaCl. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:954-965. [PMID: 31340423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals such as cadmium and zinc constitute major pollutants in coastal areas and frequently accumulate in salt marshes. The wetland halophyte plant species Kosteletzkya pentacarpos is a promising species for phytostabilization of contaminated areas. In order to assess the role of the antisenescing phytohormone cytokinin in heavy metal resistance in this species, seedlings were exposed for two weeks to Cd (10 μM), Zn (100 μM) or Cd + Zn (10 μM + 100 μM) in the presence or absence of 50 mM NaCl and half of the plants were sprayed every two days with the cytokinin trans-zeatine riboside (10 μM). Zinc reduced the endogenous cytokinin concentration. Exogenous cytokinin increased plant growth, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis and total ascorbate and reduced oxidative stress estimated by malondialdehyde in Zn-treated plants maintained in the absence of NaCl. Heavy metal induced an increase in the senescing hormone ethylene which was reduced by cytokinin treatment. Plants exposed to the mixed treatment (Cd + Zn) exhibited a specific hormonal status in relation to accumulation of abscisic acid and depletion of salicylic acid. Non-protein thiols (glutathione and phytochelatins) accumulated in response to Cd and Cd + Zn. It is concluded that toxic doses of Cd and Zn have different impacts on the plant behavior and that the simultaneous presence of the two elements induces a specific physiological constraint at the plant level. Salinity helps the plant to cope with heavy metal toxicities and the plant hormone cytokinin assumes key function in Zn resistance but its efficiency is lower in the presence of NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Zhou
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Tahar Ghnaya
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrémophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de La Technopole de Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hamman Lif, 2050, Tunisia
| | - Hélène Dailly
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guangling Cui
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Vanpee
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ruiming Han
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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22
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Khan MY, Prakash V, Yadav V, Chauhan DK, Prasad SM, Ramawat N, Singh VP, Tripathi DK, Sharma S. Regulation of cadmium toxicity in roots of tomato by indole acetic acid with special emphasis on reactive oxygen species production and their scavenging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:193-201. [PMID: 31301530 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxic impact of cadmium (Cd) on plants is well known which affects their productivity. To mitigate toxic impact of metals such as Cd, exogenous application of phytohormones like indole acetic acid (IAA) has been well recognized in the recent past. But, mechanisms related to the IAA-mediated mitigation of metal toxicity remain elusive. Therefore, in this study, effect of IAA on growth and photosynthetic attributes, nitric oxide, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH cycle) was investigated in tomato roots exposed to Cd stress. Cd declined growth and photosynthetic attributes which were accompanied by the excess accumulation of Cd and decreased level of nitric oxide (NO). Among photosynthetic attributes, quantum yield parameters were more sensitive to Cd and these results were in parallel of photosynthetic pigments. However, exogenously applied IAA together with Cd significantly improved level of NO, growth and photosynthetic attributes together with reduced accumulation of Cd. Cd enhanced level of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide leading to severe damage to lipids and membranes as indicated by increased level of lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage which collectively reduced cell viability of roots. Moreover, components of the AsA-GSH cycle i.e. enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reducatse, dehydroascorbate reducatse and glutathione reductase) and metabolites (ascorbate and glutathione) were declined by the Cd. However, addition of IAA with Cd had up-regulated components of the AsA-GSH cycle. Interestingly, application of 2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA, a polar auxin transport inhibitor) diminished growth attributes and its combination with Cd worsened its toxicity and these events were in parallel with decline in NO content and enhancement in Cd accumulation. The results also showed that IAA was also able in mitigating Cd toxicity in tomato roots even in the presence of TIBA. Overall results show the essentiality of IAA in mitigating Cd stress in tomato roots through NO that up-regulates components of the AsA-GSH cycle for balancing ROS and their associated damages and hence much improved growth and photosynthetic attributes were noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Younus Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ved Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishali Yadav
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Naleeni Ramawat
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, I 2 Block, 5th Floor, AUUP Campus Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent PG College of University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, I 2 Block, 5th Floor, AUUP Campus Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Zhang F, Wang Y, Liu C, Chen F, Ge H, Tian F, Yang T, Ma K, Zhang Y. Trichoderma harzianum mitigates salt stress in cucumber via multiple responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:436-445. [PMID: 30553921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma harzianum T-soybean plays an important role in controlling soybean root rot disease. However, the mechanism by which it improves plant tolerance to salt stress is not clear. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanism of T-soybean in mitigating the damage caused by salt stress in Cucumis sativus L plants. Our results suggest that T-soybean improved salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings by affecting the antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase (POD) (EC 1.11.1.6), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) (EC 1.14.18.1), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) (EC 4.3.1.5), catalase (CAT) (EC 1.11.1.6), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR) (EC 1.6.4.2), by increasing the levels of proline, soluble sugars, soluble protein, ascorbic acid (AsA) and chlorophyll as well as improving root activity. Treatment with T-soybean improved the ratio of glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and AsA/dehydroascorbate (DHA), and up-regulated the expression of CsAPX and CsGR genes involved in the AsA-GSH cycle. In addition, treatment with T-soybean increased the K+ content and K+/Na+ ratio while decreased the Na+ concentration and ethylene level. In summary, the improved salt tolerance of cucumber plants may be due to multiple mechanisms of T-soybean, such as the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, as well as maintaining osmotic balance and metabolic homeostasis under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zhang
- School of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Rgional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU) / Biotechnology Research Center, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, PR China.
| | - Yunhua Wang
- School of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Rgional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU) / Biotechnology Research Center, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, PR China
| | - Faju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Rgional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU) / Biotechnology Research Center, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, PR China.
| | - Honglian Ge
- School of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, PR China
| | - Fengshou Tian
- School of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, PR China
| | - Tongwen Yang
- School of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, PR China
| | - Keshi Ma
- School of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, PR China
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Li G, Li Q, Wang L, Chen G, Zhang D. Subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and physiological response to cadmium stress in Hydrilla verticillata. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:230-239. [PMID: 30648426 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1524830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in Hydrilla verticillata and the physiological mechanism underlying H. verticillata responses to Cd stress. Hydrilla verticillata was grown in a hydroponic system and was treated with various Cd concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100, 125, and 150 µM) for 7 days. Cadmium analysis of the leaves at the subcellular level showed that Cd was mainly stored in the soluble fraction (77.98-83.62%) and in smaller quantities in the cell wall fraction (11.99-17.30%) and the cell organelles (4.30-4.88%). The Cd taken up by H. verticillata was in different chemical forms. In the leaves and stems, the Cd was mostly extracted using 1 M NaCl and smaller amounts of Cd were extracted using 2% acetic acid. The malondialdehyde content significantly increased at all Cd concentrations, which indicated oxidative stress. The superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase activities were enhanced. The proline, ascorbate, and glutathione contents increased at lower Cd concentrations, but decreased consistently as the Cd concentration rose. These results suggest that H. verticillata can be successfully used in the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Li
- a College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Xiamen University of Technology , Xiamen , China
| | - Qingsong Li
- a College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Xiamen University of Technology , Xiamen , China
| | - Lei Wang
- a College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Xiamen University of Technology , Xiamen , China
| | - Guoyuan Chen
- a College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Xiamen University of Technology , Xiamen , China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- b Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , China
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25
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Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A, Bajguz A, Zambrzycka-Szelewa E, Bralska M. Exogenously applied auxins and cytokinins ameliorate lead toxicity by inducing antioxidant defence system in green alga Acutodesmus obliquus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:535-546. [PMID: 30316163 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of auxins (IAA, IBA, PAA) and cytokinins (tZ, Kin, DPU) on the growth, oxidative damage, level of antioxidants and the activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as the contents of proteins and photosynthetic pigments in green alga Acutodesmus obliquus were investigated under 100 μM lead (Pb) stress. Heavy metal induced oxidative damage as evidenced by a decrease in cell number and reduction in the contents of proteins and chlorophylls as a consequence of an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation. The application of exogenous auxins and cytokinins modulated biosorption of Pb by algal cells significantly alleviated the growth inhibition and stimulated the accumulation of proteins, chlorophylls and carotenes. Phytohormones also activated the xanthophyll cycle which is extensively involved in the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus in adverse environmental conditions. The reduction in oxidative stress caused by the presence of toxic Pb was observed in algal cultures treated with phytohormones. Cytokinins were more effective in lowering hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels in comparison with auxins. This improving effect of cytokinins seems to be mediated by a decrease in Pb accumulation by algal cells, whereas auxins promoted metal uptake. Importantly, auxins and cytokinins enhanced the redox status of algal cells inducing the increase in the content of antioxidants (ascorbate, glutathione, and proline) and in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) involved in ROS scavenging. The results of the present study strongly suggest that exogenous auxins and cytokinins enhanced the resistance of microalga A. obliquus against Pb toxicity through the activation of the antioxidant defence system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biochemistry and Toxicology, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biochemistry and Toxicology, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Bralska
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biochemistry and Toxicology, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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26
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Wani W, Masoodi KZ, Zaid A, Wani SH, Shah F, Meena VS, Wani SA, Mosa KA. Engineering plants for heavy metal stress tolerance. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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