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Pashootan P, Saadati F, Fahimi H, Rahmati M, Strippoli R, Zarrabi A, Cordani M, Moosavi MA. Metal-based nanoparticles in cancer therapy: Exploring photodynamic therapy and its interplay with regulated cell death pathways. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123622. [PMID: 37989403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a non-invasive treatment strategy currently utilized in the clinical management of selected cancers and infections. This technique is predicated on the administration of a photosensitizer (PS) and subsequent irradiation with light of specific wavelengths, thereby generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) within targeted cells. The cellular effects of PDT are dependent on both the localization of the PS and the severity of ROS challenge, potentially leading to the stimulation of various cell death modalities. For many years, the concept of regulated cell death (RCD) triggered by photodynamic reactions predominantly encompassed apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. However, in recent decades, further explorations have unveiled additional cell death modalities, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, and immunogenic cell death (ICD), which helps to achieve tumor cell elimination. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated substantial advantages over traditional PSs and become important components of PDT, due to their improved physicochemical properties, such as enhanced solubility and superior specificity for targeted cells. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in the applications of different metal-based NPs as PSs or delivery systems for optimized PDT in cancer treatment. Furthermore, it mechanistically highlights the contribution of RCD pathways during PDT with metal NPs and how these forms of cell death can improve specific PDT regimens in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Pashootan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saadati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey; Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Marco Cordani
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran.
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Bhattacharya D, Mukhopadhyay M, Shivam K, Tripathy S, Patra R, Pramanik A. Recent developments in photodynamic therapy and its application against multidrug resistant cancers. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:062005. [PMID: 37827172 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad02d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received a lot of attention for its potential use in cancer treatment. It enables the therapy of a multifocal disease with the least amount of tissue damage. The most widely used prodrug is 5-aminolevulinic acid, which undergoes heme pathway conversion to protoporphyrin IX, which acts as a photosensitizer (PS). Additionally, hematoporphyrin, bacteriochlorin, and phthalocyanine are also studied for their therapeutic potential in cancer. Unfortunately, not every patient who receives PDT experiences a full recovery. Resistance to different anticancer treatments is commonly observed. A few of the resistance mechanisms by which cancer cells escape therapeutics are genetic factors, drug-drug interactions, impaired DNA repair pathways, mutations related to inhibition of apoptosis, epigenetic pathways, etc. Recently, much research has been conducted to develop a new generation of PS based on nanomaterials that could be used to overcome cancer cells' multidrug resistance (MDR). Various metal-based, polymeric, lipidic nanoparticles (NPs), dendrimers, etc, have been utilized in the PDT application against cancer. This article discusses the detailed mechanism by which cancer cells evolve towards MDR as well as recent advances in PDT-based NPs for use against multidrug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debalina Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, West Bengal 700013, India
| | - Mainak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, JIS University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700109, India
| | - Kumar Shivam
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Satyajit Tripathy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, 9301, South Africa
- Amity Institute of Allied Health Science, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Ranjan Patra
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Arindam Pramanik
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
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Magkouta S, Veroutis D, Pousias A, Papaspyropoulos A, Pippa N, Lougiakis N, Kambas K, Lagopati N, Polyzou A, Georgiou M, Chountoulesi M, Pispas S, Foutadakis S, Pouli N, Marakos P, Kotsinas A, Verginis P, Valakos D, Mizi A, Papantonis A, Vatsellas G, Galanos P, Bartek J, Petty R, Serrano M, Thanos D, Roussos C, Demaria M, Evangelou K, Gorgoulis VG. A fluorophore-conjugated reagent enabling rapid detection, isolation and live tracking of senescent cells. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3558-3573.e7. [PMID: 37802028 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress-response mechanism implicated in various physiological processes, diseases, and aging. Current detection approaches have partially addressed the issue of senescent cell identification in clinical specimens. Effective methodologies enabling precise isolation or live tracking of senescent cells are still lacking. In-depth analysis of truly senescent cells is, therefore, an extremely challenging task. We report (1) the synthesis and validation of a fluorophore-conjugated, Sudan Black-B analog (GLF16), suitable for in vivo and in vitro analysis of senescence by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and (2) the development and application of a GLF16-carrying micelle vector facilitating GLF16 uptake by living senescent cells in vivo and in vitro. The compound and the applied methodology render isolation of senescent cells an easy, rapid, and precise process. Straightforward nanocarrier-mediated GLF16 delivery in live senescent cells comprises a unique tool for characterization of senescence at an unprecedented depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Magkouta
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Marianthi Simou and G.P.Livanos Labs, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Pousias
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Lougiakis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Georgiou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Chountoulesi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Foutadakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nicole Pouli
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Marakos
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Valakos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mizi
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Giannis Vatsellas
- Greek Genome Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Galanos
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Russell Petty
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, DD19SY Dundee, UK
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park CB21 6GP, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Thanos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Greek Genome Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Charis Roussos
- Marianthi Simou and G.P.Livanos Labs, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, DD19SY Dundee, UK; Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, M20 4GJ Manchester, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7YH Surrey, UK.
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Titanium dioxide nanoparticle-based hydroxyl and superoxide radical production for oxidative stress biological simulations. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Recent advances on organelle specific Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) based complexes for photodynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Papadopoulou-Fermeli N, Lagopati N, Pippa N, Sakellis E, Boukos N, Gorgoulis VG, Gazouli M, Pavlatou EA. Composite Nanoarchitectonics of Photoactivated Titania-Based Materials with Anticancer Properties. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010135. [PMID: 36678763 PMCID: PMC9864881 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of titania-based composite materials with anticancer potential under visible-light irradiation is the aim of this study. In specific, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) chemically modified with silver were embedded in a stimuli-responsive microgel (a crosslinked interpenetrating network (IP) network that was synthesized by poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) and linear chains of polyacrylic acid sodium salt, forming composite particles. The ultimate goal of this research, and for our future plans, is to develop a drug-delivery system that uses optical fibers that could efficiently photoactivate NPs, targeting cancer cells. The produced Ag-TiO2 NPs, the microgel and the composite materials were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), micro-Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our results indicated that Ag-TiO2 NPs were successfully embedded within the thermoresponsive microgel. Either Ag-TiO2 NPs or the composite materials exhibited high photocatalytic degradation efficiency on the pollutant rhodamine B and significant anticancer potential under visible-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefeli Papadopoulou-Fermeli
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15789 Zografou, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15789 Zografou, Greece
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Sakellis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Nikos Boukos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Clinical Molecular Pathology, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7YH, UK
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patra, Greece
| | - Evangelia A. Pavlatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15789 Zografou, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-772-3110
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Chahardoli A, Qalekhani F, Shokoohinia Y, Fattahi A. Caffeic acid based titanium dioxide nanoparticles: Blood compatibility, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chang H, Wang Q, Meng X, Chen X, Deng Y, Li L, Yang Y, Song G, Jia H. Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Mammalian Cell Cycle In Vitro: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1435-1456. [PMID: 35998370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although most studies that explore the cytotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) have focused on cell viability and oxidative stress, the cell cycle, a basic process of cell life, can also be affected. However, the results on the effects of nano-TiO2 on mammalian cell cycle are still inconsistent. A systematic review and meta-analysis were therefore performed in this research based on the effects of nano-TiO2 on the mammalian cell cycle in vitro to explore whether nano-TiO2 can induce cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, the impact of physicochemical properties of nano-TiO2 on the cell cycle in vitro was investigated, and the response of normal cells and cancer cells was compared. A total of 33 articles met the eligibility criteria after screening. We used Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 15.1 for analysis. The results showed an increased percentage of cells in the sub-G1 phase and an upregulation of the p53 gene after being exposed to nano-TiO2. Nevertheless, nano-TiO2 had no effect on cell percentage in other phases of the cell cycle. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that the cell percentage in both the sub-G1 phase of normal cells and S phase of cancer cells were significantly increased under anatase-form nano-TiO2 treatment. Moreover, nano-TiO2 with a particle size <25 nm or exposure duration of nano-TiO2 more than 24 h induced an increased percentage of normal cells in the sub-G1 phase. In addition, the cell cycle of cancer cells was arrested in the S phase no matter if the exposure duration of nano-TiO2 was more than 24 h or the exposure concentration was over 50 μg/mL. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that nano-TiO2 disrupted the cell cycle in vitro. The cell cycle arrest induced by nano-TiO2 varies with cell status and physicochemical properties of nano-TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojia Meng
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 210019 Nanjing, China
| | - Yaxin Deng
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yaqian Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guanling Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huaimiao Jia
- Department of Endemic Disease, Shihezi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
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Han J, Jang EK, Ki MR, Son RG, Kim S, Choe Y, Pack SP, Chung S. pH-responsive phototherapeutic poly(acrylic acid)-calcium phosphate passivated TiO2 nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for cancer treatment applications. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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The impact of TiO 2 nanoparticle exposure on transmembrane cholesterol transport and enhanced bacterial infectivity in HeLa cells. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:606-616. [PMID: 34400307 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) reduces the resistance of HeLa cells to bacterial infection. Here we demonstrate that the increased infectivity is associated with enhanced asymmetry in the cholesterol distribution. We applied a live cell imaging method which uses tunable orthogonal cholesterol sensors to visualize and quantify in-situ cholesterol distribution between the two leaflets of the plasma membrane (PM). In the control culture, we found marked transbilayer asymmetry of cholesterol, with the concentration in the outer plasma membrane (OPM) being 13 ± 2-fold higher than that in the inner plasma membrane (IPM). Exposure of the culture to 0.1 mg/mL of rutile TiO2 NPs increased the asymmetry such that the concentration in the OPM was 51 ± 10 times higher, while the total cholesterol content increased only 21 ± 2%. This change in cholesterol gradient may explain the increase in bacterial infectivity in HeLa cells exposed to TiO2 NPs since many pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus used in the present study, require cholesterol for proper membrane attachment and virulence. RT-PCR indicated that exposure to TiO2 was responsible for upregulation of the ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNAs, which are responsible for the production of the cholesterol transporter proteins that facilitate cholesterol transport across cellular membranes. This was confirmed by the observation of an overall decrease in bacterial infection in ABCA1 knockout or methyl-β-cyclodextrin-treated HeLa cells, as regardless of TiO2 NP exposure. Hence rather than preventing bacterial infection, TiO2 nanoparticles upregulate genes associated with membrane cholesterol production and distribution, hence increasing infectivity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A great deal of work has been done regarding the toxicology of the particles, especially focusing on detrimental outcomes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In this paper we show unambiguously a very surprising result, namely the ability of these particles to enhance bacterial infection even at very small exposure levels, where none of the deleterious effects of ROS products can yet be detected. Using a new imaging technique, we are able to demonstrate, in operando, the effect of the particles on cholesterol generation and distribution in live HeLa cells. This paper also represents the first in a series where we explore other consequences of increased membrane cholesterol, due to particle exposure, which are known to have multiple other consequences on human tissue function and development.
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Kumar RS, Ryu J, Kim H, Mergu N, Park JY, Shin HJ, Kim MG, Lee SG, Son YA. Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic disinfection studies of porphyrin dimer/TiO2-based photocatalyst. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Liang C, Zhang X, Wang Z, Wang W, Yang M, Dong X. Organic/inorganic nanohybrids rejuvenate photodynamic cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:4748-4763. [PMID: 32129418 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology has changed the 100-year-old paradigm of photodynamic therapy (PDT), in which organic/inorganic hybrid nanomaterials have made great contributions. In this review, we first describe the mechanisms of PDT and discuss the limitations of conventional PDT. On this basis, we summarize recent progress in organic/inorganic nanohybrids-based photodynamic agents, highlighting how these nanohybrids can be programmed to overcome challenges in photodynamic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China. and Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China. and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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13
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Lagopati N, Evangelou K, Falaras P, Tsilibary EPC, Vasileiou PVS, Havaki S, Angelopoulou A, Pavlatou EA, Gorgoulis VG. Nanomedicine: Photo-activated nanostructured titanium dioxide, as a promising anticancer agent. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107795. [PMID: 33358928 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The multivariate condition of cancer disease has been approached in various ways, by the scientific community. Recent studies focus on individualized treatments, minimizing the undesirable consequences of the conventional methods, but the development of an alternative effective therapeutic scheme remains to be held. Nanomedicine could provide a solution, filling this gap, exploiting the unique properties of innovative nanostructured materials. Nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) has a variety of applications of daily routine and of advanced technology. Due to its biocompatibility, it has also a great number of biomedical applications. It is now clear that photo-excited TiO2 nanoparticles, induce generation of pairs of electrons and holes which react with water and oxygen to yield reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been proven to damage cancer cells, triggering controlled cellular processes. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the field of nanomedicine and particularly into the wide context of TiO2-NP-mediated anticancer effect, shedding light on the achievements of nanotechnology and proposing this nanostructured material as a promising anticancer photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR 11527 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou str., GR 15780 Zografou, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Polycarpos Falaras
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Laboratory of Nanotechnology Processes for Solar Energy Conversion and Environmental Protection, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Gregoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str., GR 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Panagiotis V S Vasileiou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Havaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Andriani Angelopoulou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia A Pavlatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou str., GR 15780 Zografou, Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Yamaguchi M, Abe H, Ma T, Tadaki D, Hirano-Iwata A, Kanetaka H, Watanabe Y, Niwano M. Bactericidal Activity of TiO 2 Nanotube Thin Films on Si by Photocatalytic Generation of Active Oxygen Species. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12668-12677. [PMID: 33105996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic bactericidal activity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films has been extensively studied. In this study, we investigated the bactericidal activities of TiO2 nanotube (NT) thin films using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus cells as the model bacteria. Metallic titanium (Ti) thin films were anodized on a silicon (Si) wafer substrate to form TiO2 NT thin films. To evaluate the bactericidal activity of the TiO2 NT thin films, bacteria on the TiO2 NT thin films were irradiated with near-ultraviolet light (UV-A) at a wavelength of 365 nm. The bactericidal activity was estimated by the survival rate derived from the number of live cells, which form colonies on the cell culture medium. We demonstrated that the survival rate of the two types of bacteria investigated in this study was significantly reduced by UV light irradiation and that there was a difference in the temporal change in the survival rate between the two types of bacteria. Furthermore, we investigated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) by UV light irradiation of TiO2 NT thin films using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and fluorescence analysis. We found that the main ROS generated on the surface of the TiO2 NT film was the hydroxyl radical, OH•. In addition, the generation of ROSs increased with an increase in the UV irradiation time. We proposed a kinetic model that reproduces the dependence of bacterial viability on the UV light irradiation time by considering the temporal change in the amount of ROSs generated by UV light irradiation. A comparison of the calculated and experimental results revealed that the bactericidal effect consisted of the direct photolysis of bacteria and the photocatalysis via the generation of hydroxyl radicals, with the latter exhibiting a stronger bactericidal effect than the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yamaguchi
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai 989-3201, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Industrial Technology Institute, Miyagi Prefectural Government, Sendai 981-3206, Japan
| | - Teng Ma
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tadaki
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hirano-Iwata
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kanetaka
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Watanabe
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai 989-3201, Japan
| | - Michio Niwano
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai 989-3201, Japan
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15
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Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Prospects and Applications in Medicine. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020387. [PMID: 32102185 PMCID: PMC7075317 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), including titanium dioxide NPs, among polymeric NPs, liposomes, micelles, quantum dots, dendrimers, or fullerenes, are becoming more and more important due to their potential use in novel medical therapies. Titanium dioxide (titanium(IV) oxide, titania, TiO2) is an inorganic compound that owes its recent rise in scientific interest to photoactivity. After the illumination in aqueous media with UV light, TiO2 produces an array of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The capability to produce ROS and thus induce cell death has found application in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of a wide range of maladies, from psoriasis to cancer. Titanium dioxide NPs were studied as photosensitizing agents in the treatment of malignant tumors as well as in photodynamic inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Both TiO2 NPs themselves, as well as their composites and combinations with other molecules or biomolecules, can be successfully used as photosensitizers in PDT. Moreover, various organic compounds can be grafted on TiO2 nanoparticles, leading to hybrid materials. These nanostructures can reveal increased light absorption, allowing their further use in targeted therapy in medicine. In order to improve efficient anticancer and antimicrobial therapies, many approaches utilizing titanium dioxide were tested. Results of selected studies presenting the scope of potential uses are discussed in this review.
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16
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Galata E, Georgakopoulou EA, Kassalia ME, Papadopoulou-Fermeli N, Pavlatou EA. Development of Smart Composites Based on Doped-TiO 2 Nanoparticles with Visible Light Anticancer Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2589. [PMID: 31416238 PMCID: PMC6719932 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis of smart, polymerically embedded titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles aimed to exhibit photo-induced anticancer properties under visible light irradiation is investigated. The TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by utilizing the sol gel method with different dopants, including nitrogen (N-doped), iron (Fe-doped), and nitrogen and iron (Fe,N-doped). The dopants were embedded in an interpenetrating (IP) network microgel synthesized by stimuli responsive poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide-co-polyacrylicacid)-pNipam-co-PAA forming composite particles. All the types of produced particles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, micro-Raman, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron, ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron, Transmission Electron microscopy, and Dynamic Light Scattering techniques. The experimental findings indicate that the doped TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully embedded in the microgel. The N-doped TiO2 nano-powders and composite particles exhibit the best photocatalytic degradation of the pollutant methylene blue under visible light irradiation. Similarly, the highly malignant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer epithelial cells were susceptible to the inhibition of cell proliferation at visible light, especially in the presence of N-doped powders and composites, compared to the non-metastatic MCF-7 cells, which were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia Galata
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou str., 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - Eleni A Georgakopoulou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou str., 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - Maria-Emmanouela Kassalia
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou str., 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - Nefeli Papadopoulou-Fermeli
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou str., 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - Evangelia A Pavlatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou str., 15780 Zografou, Greece.
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17
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Sharma S, Sharma RK, Gaur K, Cátala Torres JF, Loza-Rosas SA, Torres A, Saxena M, Julin M, Tinoco AD. Fueling a Hot Debate on the Application of TiO 2 Nanoparticles in Sunscreen. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2317. [PMID: 31330764 PMCID: PMC6678326 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Titanium is one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust and while there are many examples of its bioactive properties and use by living organisms, there are few studies that have probed its biochemical reactivity in physiological environments. In the cosmetic industry, TiO2 nanoparticles are widely used. They are often incorporated in sunscreens as inorganic physical sun blockers, taking advantage of their semiconducting property, which facilitates absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Sunscreens are formulated to protect human skin from the redox activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and are mass-marketed as safe for people and the environment. By closely examining the biological use of TiO2 and the influence of biomolecules on its stability and solubility, we reassess the reactivity of the material in the presence and absence of UV energy. We also consider the alarming impact that TiO2 NP seepage into bodies of water can cause to the environment and aquatic life, and the effect that it can have on human skin and health, in general, especially if it penetrates into the human body and the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Rohit K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Kavita Gaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - José F Cátala Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Sergio A Loza-Rosas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Anamaris Torres
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR 00726, USA
| | - Manoj Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Mara Julin
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Arthur D Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA.
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18
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Chang G, Zhang H, Li S, Huang F, Shen Y, Xie A. Effective photodynamic therapy of polymer hydrogel on tumor cells prepared using methylene blue sensitized mesoporous titania nanocrystal. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:1392-1398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang Y, Yang C, Yang D, Shao Z, Hu Y, Chen J, Yuwen L, Weng L, Luo Z, Wang L. Reduction of graphene oxide quantum dots to enhance the yield of reactive oxygen species for photodynamic therapy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 20:17262-17267. [PMID: 29901057 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01990h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) and chemically reduced GOQDs (rGOQDs) was studied. This shows that GOQDs and rGOQDs produce ROS including singlet oxygen (1O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2˙-). Interestingly, the rGOQDs exhibit a higher yield of ROS under white light in comparison with GOQDs, indicating the enhanced photodynamic effect through chemical reduction of GOQDs. Studies on the relation between their structures and the yield of ROS demonstrate that the reduction of GOQDs with hydrazine hydrate decreases the band gap and valence band of GOQDs and results in more electron-hole pairs, which leads to an improvement in the yield of ROS from rGOQDs. This research explores the specific species of ROS generated from GOQDs, and provides an efficient avenue to improve the yield of ROS through surface modification of GOQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Display (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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20
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Cordani M, Somoza Á. Targeting autophagy using metallic nanoparticles: a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1215-1242. [PMID: 30483817 PMCID: PMC6420884 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive genetic and phenotypic variations present in the different tumors, they frequently share common metabolic alterations, such as autophagy. Autophagy is a self-degradative process in response to stresses by which damaged macromolecules and organelles are targeted by autophagic vesicles to lysosomes and then eliminated. It is known that autophagy dysfunctions can promote tumorigenesis and cancer development, but, interestingly, its overstimulation by cytotoxic drugs may also induce cell death and chemosensitivity. For this reason, the possibility to modulate autophagy may represent a valid therapeutic approach to treat different types of cancers and a variety of clinical trials, using autophagy modulators, are currently employed. On the other hand, recent progress in nanotechnology offers plenty of tools to fight cancer with innovative and efficient therapeutic agents by overcoming obstacles usually encountered with traditional drugs. Interestingly, nanomaterials can modulate autophagy and have been exploited as therapeutic agents against cancer. In this article, we summarize the most recent advances in the application of metallic nanostructures as potent modulators of autophagy process through multiple mechanisms, stressing their therapeutic implications in cancer diseases. For this reason, we believe that autophagy modulation with nanoparticle-based strategies would acquire clinical relevance in the near future, as a complementary therapy for the treatment of cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit "Unidad de Nanobiotecnología", Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), Faraday 9, Office 129, Lab 137 Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit "Unidad de Nanobiotecnología", Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), Faraday 9, Office 129, Lab 137 Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Wang M, Hou Z, Al Kheraif AA, Xing B, Lin J. Mini Review of TiO 2 -Based Multifunctional Nanocomposites for Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Phototherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800351. [PMID: 29938919 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy with the properties of specific spatial/temporal selectivity and minimal invasiveness has been acknowledged as one of the most promising cancer therapy types. Among all the photoactive substance for phototherapy, titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanomaterials are paid more and more attention due to their outstanding photocatalytic properties, prominent biocompatibility, and excellent chemical stability. However, the wide bandgap (3.0-3.2 eV) of TiO2 limits its absorption only to the ultraviolet (UV) light region. For a long time, UV light-stimulated TiO2 was applied in the phototherapy researches of tumors located in the skin layer, while it is unsatisfactory for most deep-tissue tumors. Due to the maximum penetration into tissue existing in the near-infrared (NIR) region, how to use NIR light to trigger photochemical reaction of TiO2 remains a big challenge. In this review, two strategies to develop and construct NIR-triggered TiO2 -based nanocomposites (NCs) for phototherapy are summarized, and the relevant mechanism and background knowledge of TiO2 -based phototherapy are also given in order to better understand the application value and current situation of TiO2 in phototherapy. Finally, the challenges and research directions of TiO2 in the future clinic phototherapy application are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhiyao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Abdulaziz A Al Kheraif
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bengang Xing
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Bogdan J, Pławińska-Czarnak J, Zarzyńska J. Nanoparticles of Titanium and Zinc Oxides as Novel Agents in Tumor Treatment: a Review. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:225. [PMID: 28351128 PMCID: PMC5368103 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a global problem. On all continents, a great number of people are diagnosed with this disease. In spite of the progress in medical care, cancer still ends fatal for a great number of the ill, either as a result of a late diagnosis or due to inefficiency of therapies. The majority of the tumors are resistant to drugs. Thus, the search for new, more effective therapy methods continues. Recently, nanotechnology has been attributed with big expectations in respect of the cancer fight. That interdisciplinary field of science creates nanomaterials (NMs) and nanoparticles (NPs) that can be applied, e.g., in nanomedicine. NMs and NPs are perceived as very promising in cancer therapy since they can perform as drug carriers, as well as photo- or sonosensitizers (compounds that generate the formation of reactive oxygen species as a result of either electromagnetic radiation excitation with an adequate wavelength or ultrasound activation, respectively). Consequently, two new treatment modalities, the photodynamic therapy (PDT) and the sonodynamic therapy (SDT) have been created. The attachment of ligands or antibodies to NMs or to NPs improve their selective distribution into the targeted organ or cell; hence, the therapy effectiveness can be improved. An important advantage of the targeted tumor treatment is lowering the cyto- and genotoxicity of active substance towards healthy cells. Therefore, both PDT and SDT constitute a valuable alternative to chemo- or radiotherapy. The vital role in cancer eradication is attributed to two inorganic sensitizers in their nanosized scale: titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Bogdan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Zarzyńska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Thakare SR, Ramteke SM. Fast and regenerative photocatalyst material for the disinfection of E. coli from water: Silver nano particle anchor on MOF-5. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Study of the Photodynamic Activity of N-Doped TiO₂ Nanoparticles Conjugated with Aluminum Phthalocyanine. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7100338. [PMID: 29053580 PMCID: PMC5666503 DOI: 10.3390/nano7100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles modified with phthalocyanines (Pc) have been proven to be a potential photosensitizer in the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by TiO2 nanoparticles modified with Pc has not been demonstrated clearly. In this study, nitrogen-doped TiO2 conjugated with Pc (N-TiO2-Pc) were studied by means of monitoring the generation of ROS. The absorbance and photokilling effect on HeLa cells upon visible light of different regions were also studied and compared with non-doped TiO2-Pc and Pc. Both N-TiO2-Pc and TiO2-Pc can be activated by visible light and exhibited much higher photokilling effect on HeLa cells than Pc. In addition, nitrogen-doping can greatly enhance the formation of 1O2 and •O2−, while it suppresses the generation of OH•. This resulted in significant photodynamic activity. Therefore, N-TiO2-Pc can be an excellent candidate for a photosensitizer in PDT with wide-spectrum visible irradiation.
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Friehs E, AlSalka Y, Jonczyk R, Lavrentieva A, Jochums A, Walter JG, Stahl F, Scheper T, Bahnemann D. Toxicity, phototoxicity and biocidal activity of nanoparticles employed in photocatalysis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Efficient Photocatalytic Disinfection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using C70-TiO2 Hybrid under Visible Light Irradiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25702. [PMID: 27161821 PMCID: PMC4861983 DOI: 10.1038/srep25702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient photocatalytic disinfection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was achieved by using a C70 modified TiO2 (C70-TiO2) hybrid as a photocatalyst under visible light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation. Disinfection experiments showed that 73% of E. coli O157:H7 died within 2 h with a disinfection rate constant of k = 0.01 min(-1), which is three times that measured for TiO2. The mechanism of cell death was investigated by using several scavengers combined with a partition system. The results revealed that diffusing hydroxyl radicals play an important role in the photocatalytically initiated bacterial death, and direct contact between C70-TiO2 hybrid and bacteria is not indispensable in the photocatalytic disinfection process. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacteria have little effect on the disinfection efficiency. Analyses of the inhibitory effect of C70-TiO2 thin films on E. coli O157:H7 showed a decrease of the bacterial concentration from 3 × 10(8) to 38 cfu mL(-1) in the solution with C70-TiO2 thin film in the first 2 h of irradiation and a complete inhibition of the growth of E. coli O157:H7 in the later 24 h irradiation.
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Xu Y, Wei MT, Ou-Yang HD, Walker SG, Wang HZ, Gordon CR, Guterman S, Zawacki E, Applebaum E, Brink PR, Rafailovich M, Mironava T. Exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles increases Staphylococcus aureus infection of HeLa cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:34. [PMID: 27102228 PMCID: PMC4840899 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most common nanoparticles found in industry ranging from food additives to energy generation. Approximately four million tons of TiO2 particles are produced worldwide each year with approximately 3000 tons being produced in nanoparticulate form, hence exposure to these particles is almost certain. Results Even though TiO2 is also used as an anti-bacterial agent in combination with UV, we have found that, in the absence of UV, exposure of HeLa cells to TiO2 nanoparticles significantly increased their risk of bacterial invasion. HeLa cells cultured with 0.1 mg/ml rutile and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles for 24 h prior to exposure to bacteria had 350 and 250 % respectively more bacteria per cell. The increase was attributed to bacterial polysaccharides absorption on TiO2 NPs, increased extracellular LDH, and changes in the mechanical response of the cell membrane. On the other hand, macrophages exposed to TiO2 particles ingested 40 % fewer bacteria, further increasing the risk of infection. Conclusions In combination, these two factors raise serious concerns regarding the impact of exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles on the ability of organisms to resist bacterial infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0184-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Tzo Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - H Daniel Ou-Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Stephen G Walker
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hong Zhan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Chris R Gordon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Emma Zawacki
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter R Brink
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Rafailovich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Tatsiana Mironava
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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28
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Feng L, He F, Yang G, Gai S, Dai Y, Li C, Yang P. NIR-driven graphitic-phase carbon nitride nanosheets for efficient bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:8000-8008. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02232d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive and promising anticancer therapy modality that utilizes the photochemical reactions of photosensitizers, upon irradiation at a specific wavelength, to yield reactive oxygen species (ROS) to impair malignant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
| | - Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
| | - Guixin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
| | - Chunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource and Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
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29
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Abstract
This review summarizes the latest progress in deep photodynamic therapy (PDT), which overcomes the Achilles' heel of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Medicine
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Medicine
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- National Institutes of Health
- Bethesda
- USA
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30
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Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Increase Superoxide Anion Production by Acting on NADPH Oxidase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144829. [PMID: 26714308 PMCID: PMC4699827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) anatase nanoparticles (NPs) are metal oxide NPs commercialized for several uses of everyday life. However their toxicity has been poorly investigated. Cellular internalization of NPs has been shown to activate macrophages and neutrophils that contribute to superoxide anion production by the NADPH oxidase complex. Transmission electron micrososcopy images showed that the membrane fractions were close to the NPs while fluorescence indicated an interaction between NPs and cytosolic proteins. Using a cell-free system, we have investigated the influence of TiO2 NPs on the behavior of the NADPH oxidase. In the absence of the classical activator molecules of the enzyme (arachidonic acid) but in the presence of TiO2 NPs, no production of superoxide ions could be detected indicating that TiO2 NPs were unable to activate by themselves the complex. However once the NADPH oxidase was activated (i.e., by arachidonic acid), the rate of superoxide anion production went up to 140% of its value without NPs, this effect being dependent on their concentration. In the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles, the NADPH oxidase produces more superoxide ions, hence induces higher oxidative stress. This hyper-activation and the subsequent increase in ROS production by TiO2 NPs could participate to the oxidative stress development.
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31
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Hydrothermal synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: mosquitocidal potential and anticancer activity on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Parasitol Res 2015; 115:1085-96. [PMID: 26621285 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) are responsible for transmission of serious diseases worldwide. Mosquito control is being enhanced in many areas, but there are significant challenges, including increasing resistance to insecticides and lack of alternative, cost-effective, and eco-friendly products. To deal with these crucial issues, recent emphasis has been placed on plant materials with mosquitocidal properties. Furthermore, cancers figure among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths in 2012. It is expected that annual cancer cases will rise from 14 million in 2012 to 22 million within the next two decades. Nanotechnology is a promising field of research and is expected to give major innovation impulses in a variety of industrial sectors. In this study, we synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using the hydrothermal method. Nanoparticles were subjected to different analysis including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), zeta potential, and energy-dispersive spectrometric (EDX). The synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and normal breast epithelial cells (HBL-100). After 24-h incubation, the inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were found to be 60 and 80 μg/mL on MCF-7 and normal HBL-100 cells, respectively. Induction of apoptosis was evidenced by Acridine Orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EtBr) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining. In larvicidal and pupicidal experiments conducted against the primary dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti, LC50 values of nanoparticles were 4.02 ppm (larva I), 4.962 ppm (larva II), 5.671 ppm (larva III), 6.485 ppm (larva IV), and 7.527 ppm (pupa). Overall, our results suggested that TiO2 nanoparticles may be considered as a safe tool to build newer and safer mosquitocides and chemotherapeutic agents with little systemic toxicity.
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32
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Nanotoxicology and Metalloestrogens: Possible Involvement in Breast Cancer. TOXICS 2015; 3:390-413. [PMID: 29051471 PMCID: PMC5606640 DOI: 10.3390/toxics3040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As the use of nanotechnology has expanded, an increased number of metallic oxides have been manufactured, yet toxicology testing has lagged significantly. Metals used in nano-products include titanium, silicon, aluminum, silver, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, antimony, gold, etc. Even the noble metals, platinum and cerium, have been used as a treatment for cancer, but the toxicity of these metals is still unknown. Significant advances have been made in our understanding and treatment of breast cancer, yet millions of women will experience invasive breast cancer in their lifetime. The pathogenesis of breast cancer can involve multiple factors; (1) genetic; (2) environmental; and (3) lifestyle-related factors. This review focuses on exposure to highly toxic metals, ("metalloestrogens" or "endocrine disruptors") that are used as the metallic foundation for nanoparticle production and are found in a variety of consumer products such as cosmetics, household items, and processed foods, etc. The linkage between well-understood metalloestrogens such as cadmium, the use of these metals in the production of nanoparticles, and the relationship between their potential estrogenic effects and the development of breast cancer will be explored. This will underscore the need for additional testing of materials used in nano-products. Clearly, a significant amount of work needs to be done to further our understanding of these metals and their potential role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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33
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Han Z, Wang X, Heng C, Han Q, Cai S, Li J, Qi C, Liang W, Yang R, Wang C. Synergistically enhanced photocatalytic and chemotherapeutic effects of aptamer-functionalized ZnO nanoparticles towards cancer cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [PMID: 26220437 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Today cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases in the world. The conventional cancer therapies, including surgery, chemo- and radiation therapies, have some disadvantages, such as limited efficiency and significant side effects. It is necessary to develop new therapeutic treatments. Herein, we integrated the targeted photocatalytic and chemotherapy in a multifunctional drug-delivery platform. The aptamer-functionalized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized. The anti-cancer drug was loaded in the aptamer-ZnO NP system. In vitro cell cytotoxicity experiments showed that combined therapy had a higher rate of death of cancer cells compared to that of single photocatalytic or chemotherapy. Furthermore, aptamer-functionalization could greatly increase the accumulation of nanoparticles within cancer cells and lead to better therapeutic effects. The results suggest that aptamer-functionalized semiconductor nanoparticles may have potential in the development of targeted photocatalytic and chemotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Han
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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34
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Hou Z, Zhang Y, Deng K, Chen Y, Li X, Deng X, Cheng Z, Lian H, Li C, Lin J. UV-emitting upconversion-based TiO2 photosensitizing nanoplatform: near-infrared light mediated in vivo photodynamic therapy via mitochondria-involved apoptosis pathway. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2584-99. [PMID: 25692960 DOI: 10.1021/nn506107c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising antitumor treatment that is based on the photosensitizers that inhibit cancer cells by yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS) after irradiation of light with specific wavelengths. As a potential photosensitizer, titanium dioxide (TiO2) exhibits minimal dark cytotoxicity and excellent ultraviolet (UV) light triggered cytotoxicity, but is challenged by the limited tissue penetration of UV light. Herein, a novel near-infrared (NIR) light activated photosensitizer for PDT based on TiO2-coated upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) core/shell nanocomposites (UCNPs@TiO2 NCs) is designed. NaYF4:Yb(3+),Tm(3+)@NaGdF4:Yb(3+) core/shell UCNPs can efficiently convert NIR light to UV emission that matches well with the absorption of TiO2 shells. The UCNPs@TiO2 NCs endocytosed by cancer cells are able to generate intracellular ROS under NIR irradiation, decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential to release cytochrome c into the cytosol and then activating caspase 3 to induce cancer cell apoptosis. NIR light triggered PDT of tumor-bearing mice with UCNPs@TiO2 as photosensitizers can suppress tumor growth efficiently due to the better tissue penetration than UV irradiation. On the basis of the evidence of in vitro and in vivo results, UCNPs@TiO2 NCs could serve as an effective photosensitizer for NIR light mediated PDT in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Hou
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Zhang
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerong Deng
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Chen
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Deng
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyong Cheng
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhou Lian
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Li
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lin
- †State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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35
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Lucky SS, Muhammad Idris N, Li Z, Huang K, Soo KC, Zhang Y. Titania coated upconversion nanoparticles for near-infrared light triggered photodynamic therapy. ACS NANO 2015; 9:191-205. [PMID: 25564723 DOI: 10.1021/nn503450t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Because of the limited penetration depth of visible light that generally excites most of the available photosensitizers (PSs), conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is limited to the treatment of superficial and flat lesions. Recently, the application of deep penetrating near-infrared (NIR) light excitable upconversion nanoparticles (UCNs) in conjunction with PDT has shown to have clear potential in the treatment of solid tumors due to its ability to penetrate thick tissue. However, various constructs developed so far have certain limitations such as poor or unstable PS loading, reducing their therapeutic efficacy and limiting their application to solution or cell-based studies. In this work, we present a method to fabricate uniform core-shell structured nanoconstruct with a thin layer of photocatalyst or PS-titanium dioxide (TiO2) stably coated on individual UCN core. Our design allows controllable and highly reproducible PS loading, preventing any leakage of PS compared to previously developed nanoconstructs, thus ensuring repeatable PDT results. Further surface modification of the developed nanoconstructs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) rendered them biocompatible, demonstrating good therapeutic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo.
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Swarnalatha Lucky
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Khee Chee Soo
- Division
of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 169610
| | - Yong Zhang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117576
- College
of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, P. R. China 321004
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37
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Damodaran VB, Bhatnagar D, Leszczak V, Popat KC. Titania nanostructures: a biomedical perspective. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04271b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic and comprehensive summary of various TNS-based biomedical research with a special emphasis on drug-delivery, tissue engineering, biosensor, and anti-bacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod B. Damodaran
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials and Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey
- Piscataway
- USA
| | - Divya Bhatnagar
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials and Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey
- Piscataway
- USA
| | - Victoria Leszczak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
| | - Ketul C. Popat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
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38
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Flak D, Coy E, Nowaczyk G, Yate L, Jurga S. Tuning the photodynamic efficiency of TiO2 nanotubes against HeLa cancer cells by Fe-doping. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The photodynamic efficiency of TiO2 nanotubes against cervical cancer cells (HeLa) driven by near-visible light was successfully tuned by Fe-doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Flak
- NanoBioMedical Centre
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical Centre
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nowaczyk
- NanoBioMedical Centre
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | | | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Department of Macromolecular Physics
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39
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Synthesis, characterization and comparative study of nano-Ag–TiO2 against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria under fluorescent light. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Zhang H, Shi R, Xie A, Li J, Chen L, Chen P, Li S, Huang F, Shen Y. Novel TiO2/PEGDA hybrid hydrogel prepared in situ on tumor cells for effective photodynamic therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12317-12322. [PMID: 24245666 DOI: 10.1021/am4025559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel inorganic/organic hybrid hydrogel system containing titanium dioxide (TiO2)/poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) was prepared by in situ photopolymerization on tumor cells for photodynamic therapy (PDT). TiO2 nanorods with diameter of ∼5 nm and length of ∼25 nm in this system presented dual functions, as effective photosensitizers for PDT and initiators for causing the in situ formation of hydrogel, under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The hybrid hydrogel retained the TiO2 around tumor cell to form a drug-loaded hydrogel shell. This resulted in a high concentration of singlet oxygen ((1)O2) under NIR irradiation, which induced apoptosis of tumor cell. Also, the hydrogel could reduce the side effects by preventing TiO2 from migrating to normal tissue. Furthermore, the TiO2 nanorods in this hydrogel shell were photochemically recyclable and could be reused in regular treatment. The outcomes of this study provide a new way to exploit multifunction of inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials for a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University , Hefei 230039, P. R. China
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41
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Kathawala MH, Xiong S, Richards M, Ng KW, George S, Loo SCJ. Emerging in vitro models for safety screening of high-volume production nanomaterials under environmentally relevant exposure conditions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1504-1520. [PMID: 23019115 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The rising production of nanomaterial-based consumer products has raised safety concerns. Testing these with animal and other direct models is neither ethically nor economically viable, nor quick enough. This review aims to discuss the strength of in vitro testing, including the use of 2D and 3D cultures, stem cells, and tissue constructs, etc., which would give fast and repeatable answers of a highly specific nature, while remaining relevant to in vivo outcomes. These results can then be combined and the overall toxicity predicted with relative accuracy. Such in vitro models can screen potentially toxic nanomaterials which, if required, can undergo further stringent studies in animals. The cyto- and phototoxicity of some high-volume production nanomaterials, using in vitro models, is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hussain Kathawala
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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42
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Sapsford KE, Algar WR, Berti L, Gemmill KB, Casey BJ, Oh E, Stewart MH, Medintz IL. Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1904-2074. [PMID: 23432378 DOI: 10.1021/cr300143v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Sapsford
- Division of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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43
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Li Z, Pan X, Wang T, Wang PN, Chen JY, Mi L. Comparison of the killing effects between nitrogen-doped and pure TiO2 on HeLa cells with visible light irradiation. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:96. [PMID: 23433090 PMCID: PMC3599500 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The killing effect of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) nanoparticles on human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells by visible light photodynamic therapy (PDT) was higher than that of TiO2 nanoparticles. To study the mechanism of the killing effect, the reactive oxygen species produced by the visible-light-activated N-TiO2 and pure-TiO2 were evaluated and compared. The changes of the cellular parameters, such as the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular Ca2+, and nitrogen monoxide (NO) concentrations after PDT were measured and compared for N-TiO2- and TiO2-treated HeLa cells. The N-TiO2 resulted in more loss of MMP and higher increase of Ca2+ and NO in HeLa cells than pure TiO2. The cell morphology changes with time were also examined by a confocal microscope. The cells incubated with N-TiO2 exhibited serious distortion and membrane breakage at 60 min after the PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433, Shanghai, China
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44
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Fei Yin Z, Wu L, Gui Yang H, Hua Su Y. Recent progress in biomedical applications of titanium dioxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4844-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp43938k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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45
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Haroun AA, Abo-Zeid MA, Youssef AM, Gamal-Eldeen A. In vitro biological study of gelatin/PLG nanocomposite using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:1388-96. [PMID: 23077120 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate new materials to be carried out as scaffolds using breast cancer cells MCF-7. These new nanocomposites were prepared through blending of gelatin with poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) in presence of titanium nanowires (TiO2 ) and cartilage powder (CP). The prepared nanomaterials were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, and transmitting electron microscope. Moreover, the MCF-7 cells were in vitro tested with apoptosis/necrosis assay, micronucleus test, and DNA fragmentation and MMT assay. TiO2 nanowires and CP particles have diameters around 28-128 and 17-20 nm, respectively. These were coated with gelatin matrix. Seeding of MCF-7 cells with the prepared nanomaterials revealed high cell attachment to their surfaces and they were viable after 72 h. It has been shown that the prepared nanocomposites did not induce necrotic effects on MCF-7 cells; however, they induced a significant DNA fragmentation in comparison with the nontreated control cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Haroun
- Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
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Size of TiO(2) nanoparticles influences their phototoxicity: an in vitro investigation. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:99-109. [PMID: 22885792 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To uncover the size influence of TiO(2) nanoparticles on their potential toxicity, the cytotoxicity of different-sized TiO(2) nanoparticles with and without photoactivation was tested. It was demonstrated that without photoactivation, TiO(2) nanoparticles were inert up to 100 μg/ml. On the contrary, with photoactivation, the toxicity of TiO(2) nanoparticles significantly increased, which correlated well with the specific surface area of the particles. Our results also suggest that the generation of hydroxyl radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated damage to the surface-adsorbed biomolecules could be the two major reasons for the cytotoxicity of TiO(2) nanoparticles after photoactivation. Higher ROS generation from smaller particles was detected under both biotic and abiotic conditions. Smaller particles could adsorb more proteins, which was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. To further investigate the influence of the generation of hydroxyl radicals and adsorption of protein, poly (ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PEMA) and chitosan were used to coat TiO(2) nanoparticles. The results confirmed that surface coating of TiO(2) nanoparticles could reduce such toxicity after photoactivation, by hindering adsorption of biomolecules and generation of hydroxyl radical (·OH) during photoactivation.
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Hou Y, Li X, Zhao Q, Chen G, Raston CL. Role of hydroxyl radicals and mechanism of Escherichia coli inactivation on Ag/AgBr/TiO2 nanotube array electrode under visible light irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:4042-50. [PMID: 22385264 DOI: 10.1021/es204079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A ternary Ag/AgBr/TiO(2) nanotube array electrode with enhanced visible-light activity was synthesized by a two-step approach including electrochemical process of anodization and an in situ photoassisted deposition strategy. The dramatically enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity of the composite electrode was evaluated via the inactivation of Escherichia coli under visible light irradiation (λ>420 nm), whose performance of complete sterilization was much superior to other reference photocatalysts. PL, ESR, and radicals trapping studies revealed hydroxyl radicals were involved as the main active oxygen species in the photoelectrocatalytic reaction. The process of the damage of the cell wall and the cell membrane was directly observed by ESEM, TEM, and FTIR, as well as further confirmed by determination of potassium ion leakage from the killed bacteria. The present results pointed to oxidative attack from the exterior to the interior of the Escherichia coli by OH(•), O(2)(•-), holes and Br(0), causing the cell to die as the primary mechanism of photoelectrocatalytic inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE) and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Nanomaterial-Based Antibacterial Paper. NANO-ANTIMICROBIALS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7124105 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-24428-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial materials are widely used in everyday life and plays important roles in the public health system. There are a wide range of materials that have been known to prevent attachment and proliferation of microbes on material surfaces. These include antibiotics, metal ions and quaternary ammonium compounds. Given the availability of these various antibacterial materials, concerns about antibiotics-resistance, environmental pollution, relatively complex processing and high cost have been of much recent interest. Antimicrobial properties of nanomaterials have been explored to meet these challenges. Various nanomaterials including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), titanium oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been found to be highly effective bacterial-killing materials. The most well-known examples are silver and silver-based compounds, which were well known to be antiseptic to a spectrum of bacterium even in ancient times. AgNPs have proven to possess high antibacterial activity with minimal perturbation to human cells. Consequently, widespread applications of AgNPs have been found in medical and environmental areas [1]. More recently, carbon nanomaterials have emerged as a type of novel antibacterial nanomaterials, including CNTs and graphene. In this chapter, we aim to provide a review on the fabrication of nanomaterials-based paper-like films and their antibacterial applications.
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Li Z, Mi L, Wang PN, Chen JY. Study on the visible-light-induced photokilling effect of nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles on cancer cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:356. [PMID: 21711880 PMCID: PMC3211446 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared by calcining the anatase TiO2 nanoparticles under ammonia atmosphere. The N-TiO2 showed higher absorbance in the visible region than the pure TiO2. The cytotoxicity and visible-light-induced phototoxicity of the pure- and N-TiO2 were examined for three types of cancer cell lines. No significant cytotoxicity was detected. However, the visible-light-induced photokilling effects on cells were observed. The survival fraction of the cells decreased with the increased incubation concentration of the nanoparticles. The cancer cells incubated with N-TiO2 were killed more effectively than that with the pure TiO2. The reactive oxygen species was found to play an important role on the photokilling effect for cells. Furthermore, the intracellular distributions of N-TiO2 nanoparticles were examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The co-localization of N-TiO2 nanoparticles with nuclei or Golgi complexes was observed. The aberrant nuclear morphologies such as micronuclei were detected after the N-TiO2-treated cells were irradiated by the visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pei-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chen
- Surface Physics Laboratory (National Key Laboratory), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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