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Liu H, Yao X, Fan J, Lv L, Zhao Y, Nie J, Guo Y, Zhang L, Huang H, Shi Y, Zhang Q, Li J, Sui X. Cell wall invertase 3 plays critical roles in providing sugars during pollination and fertilization in cucumber. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1293-1311. [PMID: 38428987 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In plants, pollen-pistil interactions during pollination and fertilization mediate pollen hydration and germination, pollen tube growth, and seed set and development. Cell wall invertases (CWINs) help provide the carbohydrates for pollen development; however, their roles in pollination and fertilization have not been well established. In cucumber (Cucumis sativus), CsCWIN3 showed the highest expression in flowers, and we further examined CsCWIN3 for functions during pollination to seed set. Both CsCWIN3 transcript and CsCWIN3 protein exhibited similar expression patterns in the sepals, petals, stamen filaments, anther tapetum, and pollen of male flowers, as well as in the stigma, style, transmitting tract, and ovule funiculus of female flowers. Notably, repression of CsCWIN3 in cucumber did not affect the formation of parthenocarpic fruit but resulted in an arrested growth of stigma integuments in female flowers and a partially delayed dehiscence of anthers with decreased pollen viability in male flowers. Consequently, the pollen tube grew poorly in the gynoecia after pollination. In addition, CsCWIN3-RNA interference plants also showed affected seed development. Considering that sugar transporters could function in cucumber fecundity, we highlight the role of CsCWIN3 and a potential close collaboration between CWIN and sugar transporters in these processes. Overall, we used molecular and physiological analyses to determine the CsCWIN3-mediated metabolism during pollen formation, pollen tube growth, and plant fecundity. CsCWIN3 has essential roles from pollination and fertilization to seed set but not parthenocarpic fruit development in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuehui Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingwei Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijun Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yalong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yicong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lidong Zhang
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, Tianjin 300192, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongyu Huang
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, Tianjin 300192, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuzi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiawang Li
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, Tianjin 300192, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaolei Sui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Syam Prakash SR, Jayabaskaran C. Expression and localization of calcium-dependent protein kinase isoforms in chickpea. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 163:1135-49. [PMID: 16716453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) play important roles in multiple signal transduction pathways but the precise role of individual CPK is largely unknown. We isolated two cDNAs encoding two CPK isoforms (Cicer arietinum CPKs-CaCPK1 and CaCPK2) of chickpea. Their expression in various organs and in response to various phytohormones, and dehydration, high salt stress and fungal spore in excised leaves as well as localization in leaf and stem tissues were analyzed in this study. CaCPK1 protein and its activity were ubiquitous in all tissues examined. In contrast, CaCPK2 transcript, CaCPK2 protein and its activity were almost undetectable in flowers and fruits. Both CaCPK1 and CaCPK2 transcripts and proteins were abundant in roots but in minor quantities in leaves and stems. Of the three phytohormones tested, viz. indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA(3)) and benzyladenine (BA), only BA increased both CaCPK1 and CaCPK2 transcripts, proteins and their activities. GA(3) induced accumulation of CaCPK2 transcript and protein but CaCPK1 remained unaffected. The expression of CaCPK1 and CaCPK2 in leaves was enhanced in response to high salt stress. Treatments with Aspergillus sp. spores increased expression of CaCPK1 in chickpea leaf tissue but had no effect on CaCPK2. Excised leaves subjected to dehydration showed increase in CaCPK2 expression but not in CaCPK1. Both isoforms were located in the plasma membrane (PM) and chloroplast membrane of leaf mesophyll cells as well as in the PM of stem xylem parenchyma cells. These results suggest specific roles for CaCPK isoforms in phytohormone/defense/stress signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Syam Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Will T, van Bel AJE. Physical and chemical interactions between aphids and plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2006; 57:729-37. [PMID: 16473888 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aphids feed from sieve tubes deep inside the host plant. Therefore, aphids must be able to recognize their host plant(s) and to direct their stylets which must be long and thin enough to reach and puncture the sieve tubes at a particular site. Sieve tubes in angiosperms are longitudinal arrays of sieve element/companion cell modules which are highly sensitive to disturbance of any kind. The sieve tubes dispose of elaborate sealing mechanisms such as protein plugging and callose sealing which are triggered by a rise in calcium in the sieve tubes. Aphids seem to have developed a range of physical and chemical measures to limit the amount of calcium influx in response to stylet puncturing. Loss of sieve-element turgor pressure induced by stylet insertion is minimized by the minute stylet volume. Turgor-dependent Ca(2+) influx, possibly mediated by mechano sensitive Ca(2+) channels, must therefore be limited. The components of the sheath and watery saliva play a pivotal role in establishing the physical and chemical constraints on the rise of calcium. Most likely, sheath saliva prevents the influx of calcium from the apoplast by sealing the stylet puncture site while watery saliva may prevent plugging and sealing of sieve plates by potential interaction with SE sap ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Will
- Plant Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of General Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Senckenbergstrasse 17, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
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