1
|
Jeong HJ, Nam BE, Jeong SJ, Lee G, Kim SG, Kim JG. Primary Metabolic Response of Aristolochia contorta to Simulated Specialist Herbivory under Elevated CO 2 Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1456. [PMID: 38891265 PMCID: PMC11174525 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study explores how elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels affects the growth and defense mechanisms of plants. We focused on Aristolochia contorta Bunge (Aristolochiaceae), a wild plant that exhibits growth reduction under elevated CO2 in the previous study. The plant has Sericinus montela Gray (Papilionidae) as a specialist herbivore. By analyzing primary metabolites, understanding both the growth and defense response of plants to herbivory under elevated CO2 conditions is possible. The experiment was conducted across four groups, combining two CO2 concentration conditions (ambient CO2 and elevated CO2) with two herbivory conditions (herbivory treated and untreated). Although many plants exhibit increased growth under elevated CO2 levels, A. contorta exhibited reduced growth with lower height, dry weight, and total leaf area. Under herbivory, A. contorta triggered both localized and systemic responses. More primary metabolites exhibited significant differences due to herbivory treatment in systemic tissue than local leaves that herbivory was directly treated. Herbivory under elevated CO2 level triggered more significant responses in primary metabolites (17 metabolites) than herbivory under ambient CO2 conditions (five metabolites). Several defense-related metabolites exhibited higher concentrations in the roots and lower concentrations in the leaves in response to the herbivory treatment in the elevated CO2 group. This suggests a potential intensification of defensive responses in the underground parts of the plant under elevated CO2 levels. Our findings underscore the importance of considering both abiotic and biotic factors in understanding plant responses to environmental changes. The adaptive strategies of A. contorta suggest a complex response mechanism to elevated CO2 and herbivory pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jin Jeong
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.)
- Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11187, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Eun Nam
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.)
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jong Jeong
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.)
- Seoul National University Elementary School, Seoul 03087, Republic of Korea
| | - Gisuk Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.)
- Center for Education Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmad B, Mukarram M, Choudhary S, Petrík P, Dar TA, Khan MMA. Adaptive responses of nitric oxide (NO) and its intricate dialogue with phytohormones during salinity stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108504. [PMID: 38507841 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous free radical that acts as a messenger for various plant phenomena corresponding to photomorphogenesis, fertilisation, flowering, germination, growth, and productivity. Recent developments have suggested the critical role of NO in inducing adaptive responses in plants during salinity. NO minimises salinity-induced photosynthetic damage and improves plant-water relation, nutrient uptake, stomatal conductance, electron transport, and ROS and antioxidant metabolism. NO contributes active participation in ABA-mediated stomatal regulation. Similar crosstalk of NO with other phytohormones such as auxins (IAAs), gibberellins (GAs), cytokinins (CKs), ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), strigolactones (SLs), and brassinosteroids (BRs) were also observed. Additionally, we discuss NO interaction with other gaseous signalling molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive sulphur species (RSS). Conclusively, the present review traces critical events in NO-induced morpho-physiological adjustments under salt stress and discusses how such modulations upgrade plant resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India; Department of Botany, Govt Degree College for Women, Pulwama, University of Kashmir, 192301, India
| | - Mohammad Mukarram
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001, Zvolen, Slovakia; Food and Plant Biology Group, Department of Plant Biology, School of Agriculture, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Sadaf Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Govt Degree College for Women, Pulwama, University of Kashmir, 192301, India
| | - Peter Petrík
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Tariq Ahmad Dar
- Sri Pratap College, Cluster University Srinagar, 190001, India
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu C, Jia Y, He L, Li H, Song J, Ji L, Wang C. Integrated transcriptome and DNA methylome analysis reveal the biological base of increased resistance to gray leaf spot and growth inhibition in interspecific grafted tomato scions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:130. [PMID: 38383283 PMCID: PMC10880203 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grafting is widely used as an important agronomic approach to deal with environmental stresses. However, the molecular mechanism of grafted tomato scions in response to biotic stress and growth regulation has yet to be fully understood. RESULTS This study investigated the resistance and growth performance of tomato scions grafted onto various rootstocks. A scion from a gray leaf spot-susceptible tomato cultivar was grafted onto tomato, eggplant, and pepper rootstocks, creating three grafting combinations: one self-grafting of tomato/tomato (TT), and two interspecific graftings, namely tomato/eggplant (TE) and tomato/pepper (TP). The study utilized transcriptome and DNA methylome analyses to explore the regulatory mechanisms behind the resistance and growth traits in the interspecific graftings. Results indicated that interspecific grafting significantly enhanced resistance to gray leaf spot and improved fruit quality, though fruit yield was decreased compared to self-grafting. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that, compared to self-grafting, interspecific graftings triggered stronger wounding response and endogenous immune pathways, while restricting genes related to cell cycle pathways, especially in the TP grafting. Methylome data revealed that the TP grafting had more hypermethylated regions at CHG (H = A, C, or T) and CHH sites than the TT grafting. Furthermore, the TP grafting exhibited increased methylation levels in cell cycle related genes, such as DNA primase and ligase, while several genes related to defense kinases showed decreased methylation levels. Notably, several kinase transcripts were also confirmed among the rootstock-specific mobile transcripts. CONCLUSIONS The study concludes that interspecific grafting alters gene methylation patterns, thereby activating defense responses and inhibiting the cell cycle in tomato scions. This mechanism is crucial in enhancing resistance to gray leaf spot and reducing growth in grafted tomato scions. These findings offer new insights into the genetic and epigenetic contributions to agronomic trait improvements through interspecific grafting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ce Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanhong Jia
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Lixia He
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jian Song
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Lizhu Ji
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300380, China.
| | - Chunguo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
An JP, Xu RR, Wang XN, Zhang XW, You CX, Han Y. MdbHLH162 connects the gibberellin and jasmonic acid signals to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:265-284. [PMID: 38284786 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites induced by environmental stimuli and developmental signals. The positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been reported, whereas the anthocyanin repressors have been neglected. Although the signal transduction pathways of gibberellin (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and their regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been investigated, the cross-talk between GA and JA and the antagonistic mechanism of regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis remain to be investigated. In this study, we identified the anthocyanin repressor MdbHLH162 in apple and revealed its molecular mechanism of regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis by integrating the GA and JA signals. MdbHLH162 exerted passive repression by interacting with MdbHLH3 and MdbHLH33, which are two recognized positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis. MdbHLH162 negatively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis by disrupting the formation of the anthocyanin-activated MdMYB1-MdbHLH3/33 complexes and weakening transcriptional activation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes MdDFR and MdUF3GT by MdbHLH3 and MdbHLH33. The GA repressor MdRGL2a antagonized MdbHLH162-mediated inhibition of anthocyanins by sequestering MdbHLH162 from the MdbHLH162-MdbHLH3/33 complex. The JA repressors MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 interfered with the antagonistic regulation of MdbHLH162 by MdRGL2a by titrating the formation of the MdRGL2a-MdbHLH162 complex. Our findings reveal that MdbHLH162 integrates the GA and JA signals to negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study provides new information for discovering more anthocyanin biosynthesis repressors and explores the cross-talk between hormone signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rui-Rui Xu
- College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- Apple technology innovation center of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rajkumari N, Chowrasia S, Nishad J, Ganie SA, Mondal TK. Metabolomics-mediated elucidation of rice responses to salt stress. PLANTA 2023; 258:111. [PMID: 37919614 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Role of salinity responsive metabolites of rice and its wild species has been discussed. Salinity stress is one of the important environmental stresses that severely affects rice productivity. Although, several vital physio-biochemical and molecular responses have been activated in rice under salinity stress which were well described in literatures, the mechanistic role of salt stress and microbes-induced metabolites to overcome salt stress in rice are less studied. Nevertheless, over the years, metabolomic studies have allowed a comprehensive analyses of rice salt stress responses. Hence, we review the salt stress-triggered alterations of various metabolites in rice and discuss their significant roles toward salinity tolerance. Some of the metabolites such as serotonin, salicylic acid, ferulic acid and gentisic acid may act as signaling molecules to activate different downstream salt-tolerance mechanisms; whereas, the other compounds such as amino acids, sugars and organic acids directly act as protective agents to maintain osmotic balance and scavenger of reactive oxygen species during the salinity stress. The quantity, type, tissues specificity and time of accumulation of metabolites induced by salinity stress vary between salt-sensitive and tolerant rice genotypes and thus, contribute to their different degrees of salt tolerance. Moreover, few tolerance metabolites such as allantoin, serotonin and melatonin induce unique pathways for activation of defence mechanisms in salt-tolerant varieties of rice, suggesting their potential roles as the universal biomarkers for salt tolerance. Therefore, these metabolites can be applied exogenously to the sensitive genotypes of rice to enhance their performance under salt stress. Furthermore, the microbes of rhizosphere also participated in rice salt tolerance either directly or indirectly by regulating their metabolic pathways. Thus, this review for the first time offers valuable and comprehensive insights into salt-induced spatio-temporal and genotype-specific metabolites in different genotypes of rice which provide a reference point to analyze stress-gene-metabolite relationships for the biomarker designing in rice. Further, it can also help to decipher several metabolic systems associated with salt tolerance in rice which will be useful in developing salt-tolerance cultivars by conventional breeding/genetic engineering/exogenous application of metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitasana Rajkumari
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, New Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Soni Chowrasia
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banastahli Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Jyoti Nishad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Plant Molecular Sciences and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, Surrey, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Tapan Kumar Mondal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cunha AFA, Rodrigues PHD, Anghinoni AC, de Paiva VJ, Pinheiro DGDS, Campos ML. Mechanical wounding impacts the growth versus defense balance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 329:111601. [PMID: 36690279 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved elaborate surveillance systems that allow them to perceive the attack by pests and pathogens and activate the appropriate defenses. Mechanical stimulation, such as mechanical wounding, represents one of the most reliable cues for the perception of potential herbivore aggressors. Here we demonstrate that mechanical wounding disturbs the growth versus defense balance in tomato, a physiological condition where growth reduction arises as a pleiotropic consequence of the activation of defense responses (or vice-versa). We observed that multiple lesions on tomato leaves impairs the formation of several growth-related traits, including shoot elongation, leaf expansion and time for flowering, while concomitantly activating the production of defense responses such as trichome formation and the upregulation of defense-related genes. We also provide genetic evidence that this wound-induced growth repression is possibly a consequence of tomato plants sensing the injuries via jasmonates (JAs), a class of plant hormones known to be master regulators of the plant growth versus defense balance. Besides providing a mechanistic explanation on how the growth and defense balance is shifted when plants are subjected to a specific type of mechanical stimulus, our results may offer a practical explanation for why tomato productivity is so negatively impacted by herbivore attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flavia Aparecida Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil; Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Henrique Duarte Rodrigues
- Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Ana Clara Anghinoni
- Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius Juliani de Paiva
- Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Gonçalves da Silva Pinheiro
- Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Lattarulo Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil; Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
β-Cyclocitral-Mediated Metabolic Changes Optimize Growth and Defense Responses in Solanum lycopersicum L. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030329. [PMID: 36984769 PMCID: PMC10053473 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
β-cyclocitral (βCC) is one of the significant oxidative products of β-carotene. It primes plants for multiple stress acclimation without compromising plant growth. Metabolic reorganization is necessary to maintain a balance between growth and defense. However, the βCC-mediated changes in a plant’s metabolic network are unknown. Here, we demonstrate how βCC-induced metabolic changes enable Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) plants to promote defense and maintain growth under stress. An analysis of early (0–240 min) and late (72 h) changes in the tomato metabolome after βCC-treatment using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry identified 57 compounds. A principal coordinate analysis suggested that βCC treatment significantly changes the metabolite profile. A variable importance in projection (VIP) analysis revealed 16 and 19 discriminant metabolites from early and late samples, respectively (VIP ≥ 1.0). Upregulated metabolites were mainly amino acids and phytophenols. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that βCC treatment influenced amino acid metabolism at early and later times; however, phenylpropanoid and isoquinoline biosynthesis were influenced only at the later time. A 66.6% similarity in the upregulated metabolites of βCC- and simulated-herbivory-treated plants confirmed βCC’s role against herbivores. We conclude that βCC steers a temporal separation in amino acids and defense metabolite accumulation that optimizes resource allocation to growth and defense.
Collapse
|
8
|
Woolfson KN, Zhurov V, Wu T, Kaberi KM, Wu S, Bernards MA. Transcriptomic analysis of wound-healing in Solanum tuberosum (potato) tubers: Evidence for a stepwise induction of suberin-associated genes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 206:113529. [PMID: 36473515 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Suberin deposition involves both phenolic and aliphatic polymer biosynthesis and deposition in the same tissue. Therefore, any consideration of exploiting suberin for crop enhancement (e.g., enhanced storage, soil borne disease resistance) requires knowledge of both phenolic and aliphatic component biosynthesis and their coordinated, temporal deposition. In the present study, we use a wound-healing potato tuber system to explore global transcriptome changes during the early stages of wound-healing. Wounding leads to initial and substantial transcriptional changes that follow distinctive temporal patterns - primary metabolic pathways were already functional, or up-regulated immediately, and maintained at levels that would allow for precursor carbon skeletons and energy to feed into downstream metabolic processes. Genes involved in pathways for phenolic production (i.e., the shikimate pathway and phenylpropanoid metabolism) were up-regulated early while those involved in aliphatic suberin production (i.e., fatty acid biosynthesis and modification) were transcribed later into the time course. The pattern of accumulation of genes associated with ABA biosynthesis and degradation steps support a role for ABA in regulating aliphatic suberin production. Evaluation of putative Casparian strip membrane-like genes pinpointed wound-responsive candidates that may mediate the suberin deposition process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathlyn N Woolfson
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Tian Wu
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Karina M Kaberi
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Stephanie Wu
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Mark A Bernards
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fugate KK, Finger FL, Lafta AM, Dogramaci M, Khan MFR. Wounding rapidly alters transcription factor expression, hormonal signaling, and phenolic compound metabolism in harvested sugarbeet roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1070247. [PMID: 36684748 PMCID: PMC9853395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1070247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Injuries sustained by sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots during harvest and postharvest operations seriously reduce the yield of white sugar produced from stored roots. Although wound healing is critically important to reduce losses, knowledge of these processes is limited for this crop as well as for roots in other species. To better understand the metabolic signals and changes that occur in wounded roots, dynamic changes in gene expression were determined by RNA sequencing and the activity of products from key genes identified in this analysis were determined in the 0.25 to 24 h following injury. Nearly five thousand differentially expressed genes that contribute to a wide range of cellular and molecular functions were identified in wounded roots. Highly upregulated genes included transcription factor genes, as well as genes involved in ethylene and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling and phenolic compound biosynthesis and polymerization. Enzyme activities for key genes in ethylene and phenolic compound biosynthesis and polymerization also increased due to wounding. Results indicate that wounding causes a major reallocation of metabolism in sugarbeet taproots. Although both ethylene and JA are likely involved in triggering wound responses, the greater and more sustained upregulation of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes relative to those of JA, suggest a preeminence of ethylene signaling in wounded sugarbeet roots. Changes in gene expression and enzymes involved in phenolic compound metabolism additionally indicate that barriers synthesized to seal off wounds, such as suberin or lignin, are initiated within the first 24 h after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen K. Fugate
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Fernando L. Finger
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Viҫosa, Viҫosa, Brazil
| | - Abbas M. Lafta
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Munevver Dogramaci
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Mohamed F. R. Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
- University of Minnesota Extension Service, St. Paul, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Tang J, Qi Y, Yang F, Su X, Fu J, Han X, He C, Xu Y, Zhan K, Xia H, Wu J, Wang L. Elevating herbivore-induced JA-Ile enhances potato resistance to the polyphagous beet armyworm but not to the oligophagous potato tuber moth. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:357-367. [PMID: 36176057 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oligophagous potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella, and the polyphagous beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua, are two destructive pests of potato, and infestations can lead to serious reduction in potato yield. However, potato plant responses to the two herbivories are only poorly understood. Endogenous jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a signal responsible for the induction of plant anti-herbivore defenses. Elevation of JA-Ile by blocking its catabolism is considered to be an effective and sustainable approach to enhance plant resistance to insect pests. However, it is not clear whether this approach can enhance potato resistance to PTM and BAW. RESULTS We demonstrated that the transcriptional changes induced by simulated PTM and BAW feeding overlap to a large extent, and that 81.5% of the PTM- and 90.5% of the BAW-responsive genes were commonly regulated. We also generated potato transgenic lines, irStCYP94B3s, in which the three JA-Ile hydroxylases were all simultaneously silenced. These lines exhibited enhanced resistance only to BAW, but not to PTM, although levels of JA-Ile and its downstream induced defensive chemicals, including caffeoylputrescine, dicaffeoylspermidine, lyciumoside II, and the nicotianosides I, II, and VII, were all present at higher levels in PTM-infested than in BAW-infested irStCYP94B3s lines. CONCLUSION Our results provide support for the hypothesis that StCYP94B3 genes are able to act as potential targets for the control of polyphagous insect pests in potato, and reveal that the oligophagous PTM has evolved an effective mechanism to cope with JA-Ile-induced anti-herbivore defenses. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinxiang Tang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yuechen Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohang Su
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Yunnan State Farms Zhaotong Agricultural Investment Co., Ltd, Zhaotong, China
| | - Xiaonv Han
- Xuanwei Seed Potato Research and Development Center, Xuanwei, China
| | - Caihua He
- Xuanwei Seed Potato Research and Development Center, Xuanwei, China
| | - Youxian Xu
- Xuanwei Seed Potato Research and Development Center, Xuanwei, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Xuanwei Seed Potato Research and Development Center, Xuanwei, China
| | - Haibin Xia
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muñoz P, Almajano MP, Álvarez C, Hidalgo GI, Munné-Bosch S. Mixing fruits in ready-to-eat packaging leads to physiological changes that modify quality attributes and antioxidant composition. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
12
|
Yin Y, Wang G, Liu Y, Wang XF, Gao W, Zhang S, You C. Simple Phenotypic Sensor for Visibly Tracking H 2O 2 Fluctuation to Detect Plant Health Status. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10058-10064. [PMID: 35939798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a main component of reactive oxygen species (ROS), serves as a key signaling molecule relevant to plant stress response and health status. Many strategies have been developed for detecting or quantifying H2O2 concentration. However, reports on simply, visibly tracking H2O2 fluctuation in vivo are limited. Here, for visibly tracking the plant H2O2 wave, a green fluorescent phenotypic probe was designed by merging a H2O2-sensitive tertiary amine moiety with the core fluorophore tetraphenylethene skeleton. The green fluorescence emission is quenched up to 52% by H2O2 with good sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility within the plant physiological range of 10-100 μM H2O2. In response to various abiotic stresses, including mechanical damage, high salt, strong light and drought, fluorescence fluctuations, response to H2O2 concentration alterations in vivo was visible to the naked eye under irradiation of commercially available UV light (365 nm) after simple injection of this H2O2 probe solution into seedling leaves. This phenotypic fluorescent H2O2 probe illustrates great potential as early sensors of plant health under stress without the aid of skillful operation and specialized equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guanzhu Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wensheng Gao
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxiang You
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ontiveros I, López-Moya JJ, Díaz-Pendón JA. Coinfection of Tomato Plants with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato chlorosis virus Affects the Interaction with Host and Whiteflies. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:944-952. [PMID: 34698541 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-21-0341-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Susceptible plants infected by single or multiple viruses can differ in symptoms and other alterations influencing virus dissemination. Furthermore, behavior of viruliferous vectors may be altered in certain cases to favor acquisition and inoculation processes conductive to virus transmission. We explored single and mixed infections frequently occurring in tomato crops, caused by two viruses transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV, Begomovirus, Geminiviridae) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV, Crinivirus, Closteroviridae). Coinfection of both viruses in tomato plants showed more severe symptoms at late stages compared with single infections, although at earlier stages the interaction began with attenuation. This asymmetric synergism correlated with the dynamics of ToCV accumulation and expression of the salicylic acid responsive gene PR-P6. Visual and olfactory cues in whitefly preference were evaluated under controlled conditions in choice assays, testing viruliferous and nonviruliferous adult whiteflies. In experiments allowing both visual and olfactory cues, whiteflies preferred symptomatic leaflets from plants infected either with TYLCV alone or with TYLCV and ToCV, over those infected with ToCV alone or noninfected leaflets, suggesting that TYLCV drove host selection. Odor cues tested in Y-tube olfactometer assays showed neutral effects on whiteflies' preference, and bioassays comparing the attractiveness of colored sticky cards confirmed preference for sectors colored to mimic TYLCV symptomatic leaves compared with asymptomatic leaves. Our results show that the presence of coinfecting viruses affect the host and could alter the behavior of insect vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ontiveros
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora," Universidad de Málaga Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental "La Mayora," E-29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José López-Moya
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Díaz-Pendón
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora," Universidad de Málaga Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental "La Mayora," E-29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martínez-Medina A, Mbaluto CM, Maedicke A, Weinhold A, Vergara F, van Dam NM. Leaf herbivory counteracts nematode-triggered repression of jasmonate-related defenses in tomato roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1762-1778. [PMID: 34618073 PMCID: PMC8566281 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Shoot herbivores may influence the communities of herbivores associated with the roots via inducible defenses. However, the molecular mechanisms and hormonal signaling underpinning the systemic impact of leaf herbivory on root-induced responses against nematodes remain poorly understood. By using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as a model plant, we explored the impact of leaf herbivory by Manduca sexta on the performance of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. By performing glasshouse bioassays, we found that leaf herbivory reduced M. incognita performance in the roots. By analyzing the root expression profile of a set of oxylipin-related marker genes and jasmonate root content, we show that leaf herbivory systemically activates the 13-Lipoxigenase (LOX) and 9-LOX branches of the oxylipin pathway in roots and counteracts the M. incognita-triggered repression of the 13-LOX branch. By using untargeted metabolomics, we also found that leaf herbivory counteracts the M. incognita-mediated repression of putative root chemical defenses. To explore the signaling involved in this shoot-to-root interaction, we performed glasshouse bioassays with grafted plants compromised in jasmonate synthesis or perception, specifically in their shoots. We demonstrated the importance of an intact shoot jasmonate perception, whereas having an intact jasmonate biosynthesis pathway was not essential for this shoot-to-root interaction. Our results highlight the impact of leaf herbivory on the ability of M. incognita to manipulate root defenses and point to an important role for the jasmonate signaling pathway in shoot-to-root signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburgerstraße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Plant-Microorganism Interactions, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA‐CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Author for communication:
| | - Crispus M Mbaluto
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburgerstraße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Maedicke
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburgerstraße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburgerstraße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Fredd Vergara
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburgerstraße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburgerstraße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pochonia chlamydosporia Isolate PC-170-Induced Expression of Marker Genes for Defense Pathways in Tomatoes Challenged by Different Pathogens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091882. [PMID: 34576777 PMCID: PMC8470021 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pochonia chlamydosporia is a fungal parasite of nematode eggs. Studies have shown that some strains of Pochonia chlamydosporia can promote plant growth and induce plants’ systemic resistance to root-knot nematodes by colonizing in their roots. This study aimed to verify the effect of the PC-170 strain on tomato growth and systemic resistance. Split-root experiments were conducted to observe the systemic resistance induced by PC-170. To explore the defense pathway that was excited due to the colonization by PC-170, we tested the expression of marker genes for defense pathways, and used mutant lines to verify the role of plant defense pathways. Our results showed that PC-170 can colonize roots, and promotes growth. We found a role for jasmonic acid (JA) in modulating tomato colonization by PC-170. PC-170 can activate tomato defense responses to reduce susceptibility to infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and induced resistance to some pathogens in tomatoes. The marker genes of the defense pathway were significantly induced after PC-170 colonization. However, salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defenses in roots were variable with the invasion of different pathogens. Defense pathways play different roles at different points in time. SA- and JA-dependent defense pathways were shown to cross-communicate. Different phytohormones have been involved in tomato plants’ responses against different pathogens. Our study confirmed that adaptive JA signaling is necessary to regulate PC-170 colonization and induce systemic resistance in tomatoes.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu B, Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Sun B, Zhou F, Yin C, Ma W, Chen H, Lin Y. Repressed OsMESL expression triggers reactive oxygen species-mediated broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1511-1522. [PMID: 33567155 PMCID: PMC8384603 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A few reports have indicated that a single gene confers resistance to bacterial blight, sheath blight and rice blast. In this study, we identified a novel disease resistance mutant gene, methyl esterase-like (osmesl) in rice. Mutant rice with T-DNA insertion displayed significant resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani and rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Additionally, CRISPR-Cas9 knockout mutants and RNAi lines displayed resistance to these pathogens. Complementary T-DNA mutants demonstrated a phenotype similar to the wild type (WT), thereby indicating that osmesl confers resistance to pathogens. Protein interaction experiments revealed that OsMESL affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by interacting with thioredoxin OsTrxm in rice. Moreover, qRT-PCR results showed significantly reduced mRNA levels of multiple ROS scavenging-related genes in osmesl mutants. Nitroblue tetrazolium staining showed that the pathogens cause ROS accumulation, and quantitative detection revealed significantly increased levels of H2 O2 in the leaves of osmesl mutants and RNAi lines after infection. The abundance of JA, a hormone associated with disease resistance, was significantly more in osmesl mutants than in WT plants. Overall, these results suggested that osmesl enhances disease resistance to Xoo, R. solani and M. oryzae by modulating the ROS balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- College of Bioscience and BioengineeringJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Zaihui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Bo Sun
- Wuhan Towin Biotechnology Company LimitedWuhanChina
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Changxi Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Al-Harrasi A, Khan AL, Rehman NU, Csuk R. Biosynthetic diversity in triterpene cyclization within the Boswellia genus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 184:112660. [PMID: 33524859 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is not intended to describe the triterpenes isolated from the Boswellia genus, since this information has been covered elsewhere. Instead, the aim is to provide insights into the biosynthesis of triterpenes in Boswellia. This genus, which has 24 species, displays fascinating structural diversity and produces a number of medicinally important triterpenes, particularly boswellic acids. Over 300 volatile components have been reported in the essential oil of Boswellia, and more than 100 diterpenes and triterpenes have been isolated from this genus. Given that no triterpene biosynthetic enzymes have yet been isolated from any members of the Boswellia genus, this review will cover the likely biosynthetic pathways as inferred from structures in nature and the probable types of biosynthetic enzymes based on knowledge of triterpene biosynthesis in other plant species. It highlights the importance of frankincense and the factors and threats affecting its production. It covers triterpene biosynthesis in the genus Boswellia, including dammaranes, tirucallic acids, lupanes, oleananes, ursanes and boswellic acids. Strategies for elucidating triterpene biosynthetic pathways in Boswellia are considered. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms behind wound-induced resin synthesis by the tree and related gene expression profiling are covered. In addition, the influence of the environment and the genotype on the biosynthesis of resin and on variations in the compositions and types of resins will also be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - René Csuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eng F, Marin JE, Zienkiewicz K, Gutiérrez-Rojas M, Favela-Torres E, Feussner I. Jasmonic acid biosynthesis by fungi: derivatives, first evidence on biochemical pathways and culture conditions for production. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10873. [PMID: 33604199 PMCID: PMC7869668 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives called jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived signalling molecules that are produced by plants and certain fungi. Beside this function, JAs have a great variety of applications in flavours and fragrances production. In addition, they may have a high potential in agriculture. JAs protect plants against infections. Although there is much information on the biosynthesis and function of JA concerning plants, knowledge on these aspects is still scarce for fungi. Taking into account the practical importance of JAs, the objective of this review is to summarize knowledge on the occurrence of JAs from fungal culture media, their biosynthetic pathways and the culture conditions for optimal JA production as an alternative source for the production of these valuable metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Eng
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Biotechnology Division, Cuban Research Institute on Sugar Cane Byproducts (ICIDCA), Havana, Cuba.,Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (LPB/EESC/USP), São Carlos, Brasil
| | - Jorge Erick Marin
- Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (LPB/EESC/USP), São Carlos, Brasil
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mariano Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Campus Iztapalapa, Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Favela-Torres
- Campus Iztapalapa, Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Plant Biochemistry, International Center for advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Adigun OA, Nadeem M, Pham TH, Jewell LE, Cheema M, Thomas R. Recent advances in bio-chemical, molecular and physiological aspects of membrane lipid derivatives in plant pathology. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1-16. [PMID: 33034375 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens pose a significant threat to the food industry and food security accounting for 10-40% crop losses annually on a global scale. Economic losses from plant diseases are estimated at $300B for major food crops and are associated with reduced food availability and accessibility and also high food costs. Although strategies exist to reduce the impact of diseases in plants, many of these introduce harmful chemicals to our food chain. Therefore, it is important to understand and utilize plants' immune systems to control plant pathogens to enable more sustainable agriculture. Lipids are core components of cell membranes and as such are part of the first line of defense against pathogen attack. Recent developments in omics technologies have advanced our understanding of how plant membrane lipid biosynthesis, remodelling and/or signalling modulate plant responses to infection. Currently, there is limited information available in the scientific literature concerning lipid signalling targets and their biochemical and physiological consequences in response to plant pathogens. This review focusses on the functions of membrane lipid derivatives and their involvement in plant responses to pathogens as biotic stressors. We describe major plant defense systems including systemic-acquired resistance, basal resistance, hypersensitivity and the gene-for-gene concept in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oludoyin Adeseun Adigun
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H5G4, Canada
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H5G4, Canada
| | - Thu Huong Pham
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H5G4, Canada
| | - Linda Elizabeth Jewell
- St. John's Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 204 Brookfield Rd, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1E 6J5, Canada
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H5G4, Canada
| | - Raymond Thomas
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H5G4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nachappa P, Challacombe J, Margolies DC, Nechols JR, Whitfield AE, Rotenberg D. Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Benefits Its Thrips Vector by Modulating Metabolic and Plant Defense Pathways in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:575564. [PMID: 33424878 PMCID: PMC7793759 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.575564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Several plant viruses modulate vector fitness and behavior in ways that may enhance virus transmission. Previous studies have documented indirect, plant-mediated effects of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on the fecundity, growth and survival of its principal thrips vector, Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips. We conducted thrips performance and preference experiments combined with plant gene expression, phytohormone and total free amino acid analyses to determine if systemically-infected tomato plants modulate primary metabolic and defense-related pathways to culminate into a more favorable environment for the vector. In a greenhouse setting, we documented a significant increase in the number of offspring produced by F. occidentalis on TSWV-infected tomato plants compared to mock-inoculated plants, and in choice test assays, females exhibited enhanced settling on TSWV-infected leaves. Microarray analysis combined with phytohormone signaling pathway analysis revealed reciprocal modulation of key phytohormone pathways under dual attack, possibly indicating a coordinated and dampening defense against the vector on infected plants. TSWV infection, alone or in combination with thrips, suppressed genes associated with photosynthesis and chloroplast function thereby significantly impacting primary metabolism of the host plant, and hierarchical cluster and network analyses revealed that many of these genes were co-regulated with phytohormone defense signaling genes. TSWV infection increased expression of genes related to protein synthesis and degradation which was reflected in the increased total free amino acid content in virus-infected plants that harbored higher thrips populations. These results suggest coordinated gene networks that regulate plant primary metabolism and defense responses rendering virus-infected plants more conducive for vector colonization, an outcome that is potentially beneficial to the vector and the virus when considered within the context of the complex transmission biology of TSWV. To our knowledge this is the first study to identify global transcriptional networks that underlie the TSWV-thrips interaction as compared to a single mechanistic approach. Findings of this study increase our fundamental knowledge of host plant-virus-vector interactions and identifies underlying mechanisms of induced host susceptibility to the insect vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Punya Nachappa
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jean Challacombe
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - David C. Margolies
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - James R. Nechols
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Anna E. Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Dorith Rotenberg
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou Q, Galindo-González L, Manolii V, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Rutabaga ( Brassica napus) Cultivars Indicates Activation of Salicylic Acid and Ethylene-Mediated Defenses in Response to Plasmodiophora brassicae. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218381. [PMID: 33171675 PMCID: PMC7664628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, is an important soilborne disease of Brassica napus L. and other crucifers. To improve understanding of the mechanisms of resistance and pathogenesis in the clubroot pathosystem, the rutabaga (B. napus subsp. rapifera Metzg) cultivars ‘Wilhelmsburger’ (resistant) and ‘Laurentian’ (susceptible) were inoculated with P. brassicae pathotype 3A and their transcriptomes were analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation (dai) by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Thousands of transcripts with significant changes in expression were identified in each host at each time-point in inoculated vs. non-inoculated plants. Molecular responses at 7 and 14 dai supported clear differences in the clubroot response mechanisms of the two genotypes. Both the resistant and the susceptible cultivars activated receptor-like protein (RLP) genes, resistance (R) genes, and genes involved in salicylic acid (SA) signaling as clubroot defense mechanisms. In addition, genes related to calcium signaling and genes encoding leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinases, the respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) protein, and transcription factors such as WRKYs, ethylene responsive factors, and basic leucine zippers (bZIPs), appeared to be upregulated in ‘Wilhelmsburger’ to restrict P. brassicae development. Some of these genes are essential components of molecular defenses, including ethylene (ET) signaling and the oxidative burst. Our study highlights the importance of activation of genes associated with SA- and ET-mediated responses in the resistant cultivar. A set of candidate genes showing contrasting patterns of expression between the resistant and susceptible cultivars was identified and includes potential targets for further study and validation through approaches such as gene editing.
Collapse
|
22
|
Portman SL, Felton GW, Kariyat RR, Marden JH. Host plant defense produces species-specific alterations to flight muscle protein structure and flight-related fitness traits of two armyworms. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb224907. [PMID: 32647018 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.224907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insects manifest phenotypic plasticity in their development and behavior in response to plant defenses, via molecular mechanisms that produce tissue-specific changes. Phenotypic changes might vary between species that differ in their preferred hosts and these effects could extend beyond larval stages. To test this, we manipulated the diet of southern armyworm (SAW; Spodoptera eridania) and fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda) using a tomato mutant for jasmonic acid plant defense pathway (def1), and wild-type plants, and then quantified gene expression of Troponin t (Tnt) and flight muscle metabolism of the adult insects. Differences in Tnt spliceform ratios in insect flight muscles correlate with changes to flight muscle metabolism and flight muscle output. We found that SAW adults reared on induced def1 plants had a higher relative abundance (RA) of the A isoform of Troponin t (Tnt A) in their flight muscles; in contrast, FAW adults reared on induced def1 plants had a lower RA of Tnt A in their flight muscles compared with adults reared on def1 and controls. Although mass-adjusted flight metabolic rate showed no independent host plant effects in either species, higher flight metabolic rates in SAW correlated with increased RA of Tnt A Flight muscle metabolism also showed an interaction of host plants with Tnt A in both species, suggesting that host plants might be influencing flight muscle metabolic output by altering Tnt This study illustrates how insects respond to variation in host plant chemical defense by phenotypic modifications to their flight muscle proteins, with possible implications for dispersal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Portman
- Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Services, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Gary W Felton
- Department of Entomology, 501 ASI Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rupesh R Kariyat
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- School of Earth, Environment and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - James H Marden
- Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang A, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang G, She X. Reactive oxygen species regulate auxin levels to mediate adventitious root induction in Arabidopsis hypocotyl cuttings. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:912-926. [PMID: 31490027 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation from leafy stem cuttings is critical for breeding of many forest and horticultural species. In addition to the plant hormone auxin, wound-induced signaling caused by the cutting excision is also essential for AR initiation. Here we found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are rapidly generated at the excision site as a wound-induced signal and propagated throughout the hypocotyl cutting after excision of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) primary root. ROS propagation was not observed in the presence of an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium chloride) or in a knockout mutant of the NADPH oxidase gene respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D (RBOHD). Respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D was specifically upregulated in hypocotyl cuttings at 0.5 h post excision (hpe). Together, these data suggest that RBOHD mediates ROS propagation in hypocotyl cuttings. We also found that auxin levels increased significantly in the shoot apex at 5 hpe and at the base of the cutting at 6 hpe; these effects were blocked by treatment with ROS scavengers. Consistent with this, transcript levels of auxin biosynthesis and polar-transport genes generally increased between 1 to 6 hpe. Collectively, our results suggest that wound-induced ROS participate in AR induction through regulation of auxin biosynthesis and transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yongshun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiaoping She
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cao Y, Lim E, Xu M, Weng J, Marelli B. Precision Delivery of Multiscale Payloads to Tissue-Specific Targets in Plants. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903551. [PMID: 32670750 PMCID: PMC7341084 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The precise deployment of functional payloads to plant tissues is a new approach to help advance the fundamental understanding of plant biology and accelerate plant engineering. Here, the design of a silk-based biomaterial is reported to fabricate a microneedle-like device, dubbed "phytoinjector," capable of delivering a variety of payloads ranging from small molecules to large proteins into specific loci of various plant tissues. It is shown that phytoinjector can be used to deliver payloads into plant vasculature to study material transport in xylem and phloem and to perform complex biochemical reactions in situ. In another application, it is demonstrated Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer to shoot apical meristem (SAM) and leaves at various stages of growth. Tuning of the material composition enables the fabrication of another device, dubbed "phytosampler," which is used to precisely sample plant sap. The design of plant-specific biomaterials to fabricate devices for drug delivery in planta opens new avenues to enhance plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, provides new tools for diagnostics, and enables new opportunities in plant engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunteng Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Eugene Lim
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Menglong Xu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Jing‐Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeMA02142USA
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Transcriptome Analysis of Wounding in the Model Grass Lolium temulentum. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060780. [PMID: 32580425 PMCID: PMC7356841 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For forage and turf grasses, wounding is a predominant stress that often results in extensive loss of vegetative tissues followed by rapid regrowth. Currently, little is known concerning the perception, signaling, or molecular responses associated with wound stress in forage- and turf-related grasses. A transcriptome analysis of Lolium temulentum plants subjected to severe wounding revealed 9413 upregulated and 7704 downregulated, distinct, differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Categories related to signaling, transcription, and response to stimuli were enriched in the upregulated DEGs. Specifically, sequences annotated as enzymes involved in hormone biosynthesis/action and cell wall modifications, mitogen-activated protein kinases, WRKY transcription factors, proteinase inhibitors, and pathogen defense-related DEGs were identified. Surprisingly, DEGs related to heat shock and chaperones were more prevalent in the downregulated DEGs when compared with the upregulated DEGs. This wound transcriptome analysis is the first step in identifying the molecular components and pathways used by grasses in response to wounding. The information gained from the analysis will provide a valuable molecular resource that will be used to develop approaches that can improve the recovery, regrowth, and long-term fitness of forage and turf grasses before/after cutting or grazing.
Collapse
|
26
|
Khan A, Khan AL, Imran M, Asaf S, Kim YH, Bilal S, Numan M, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Lee IJ. Silicon-induced thermotolerance in Solanum lycopersicum L. via activation of antioxidant system, heat shock proteins, and endogenous phytohormones. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:248. [PMID: 32493420 PMCID: PMC7268409 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abiotic stresses (e.g., heat or limited water and nutrient availability) limit crop production worldwide. With the progression of climate change, the severity and variation of these stresses are expected to increase. Exogenous silicon (Si) has shown beneficial effects on plant growth; however, its role in combating the negative effects of heat stress and their underlying molecular dynamics are not fully understood. RESULTS Exogenous Si significantly mitigated the adverse impact of heat stress by improving tomato plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and relative water content. Si induced stress tolerance by decreasing the concentrations of superoxide anions and malondialdehyde, as well as mitigating oxidative stress by increasing the gene expression for antioxidant enzymes (peroxidases, catalases, ascorbate peroxidases, superoxide dismutases, and glutathione reductases) under stress conditions. This was attributed to increased Si uptake in the shoots via the upregulation of low silicon (SlLsi1 and SlLsi2) gene expression under heat stress. Interestingly, Si stimulated the expression and transcript accumulation of heat shock proteins by upregulating heat transcription factors (Hsfs) such as SlHsfA1a-b, SlHsfA2-A3, and SlHsfA7 in tomato plants under heat stress. On the other hand, defense and stress signaling-related endogenous phytohormones (salicylic acid [SA]/abscisic acid [ABA]) exhibited a decrease in their concentration and biosynthesis following Si application. Additionally, the mRNA and gene expression levels for SA (SlR1b1, SlPR-P2, SlICS, and SlPAL) and ABA (SlNCEDI) were downregulated after exposure to stress conditions. CONCLUSION Si treatment resulted in greater tolerance to abiotic stress conditions, exhibiting higher plant growth dynamics and molecular physiology by regulating the antioxidant defense system, SA/ABA signaling, and Hsfs during heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Yoon-Ha Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Muhammad Numan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Knegt B, Meijer TT, Kant MR, Kiers ET, Egas M. Tetranychus evansi spider mite populations suppress tomato defenses to varying degrees. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4375-4390. [PMID: 32489604 PMCID: PMC7246200 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant defense suppression is an offensive strategy of herbivores, in which they manipulate plant physiological processes to increase their performance. Paradoxically, defense suppression does not always benefit the defense-suppressing herbivores, because lowered plant defenses can also enhance the performance of competing herbivores and can expose herbivores to increased predation. Suppression of plant defense may therefore entail considerable ecological costs depending on the presence of competitors and natural enemies in a community. Hence, we hypothesize that the optimal magnitude of suppression differs among locations. To investigate this, we studied defense suppression across populations of Tetranychus evansi spider mites, a herbivore from South America that is an invasive pest of solanaceous plants including cultivated tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, in other parts of the world. We measured the level of expression of defense marker genes in tomato plants after infestation with mites from eleven different T. evansi populations. These populations were chosen across a range of native (South American) and non-native (other continents) environments and from different host plant species. We found significant variation at three out of four defense marker genes, demonstrating that T. evansi populations suppress jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-dependent plant signaling pathways to varying degrees. While we found no indication that this variation in defense suppression was explained by differences in host plant species, invasive populations tended to suppress plant defense to a smaller extent than native populations. This may reflect either the genetic lineage of T. evansi-as all invasive populations we studied belong to one linage and both native populations to another-or the absence of specialized natural enemies in invasive T. evansi populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Knegt
- Department of Evolutionary and Population BiologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tomas T. Meijer
- Department of Evolutionary and Population BiologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Merijn R. Kant
- Department of Evolutionary and Population BiologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - E. Toby Kiers
- Department of Ecological ScienceVU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Egas
- Department of Evolutionary and Population BiologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kora D, Bhattacharjee S. The interaction of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants at the metabolic interface in salicylic acid-induced adventitious root formation in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 248:153152. [PMID: 32193034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Implications of the role of antioxidant buffering in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-antioxidant interactions and associated redox regulation during adventitious root formation (ARF) were assessed in redox-manipulated salicylic acid (SA)-treated hypocotyl explants of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]. Application of pro-oxidant H2O2 (500 μM) followed by SA (600 μM) was shown to stimulate ARF, whereas treatments combining 600 μM SA and 10 × 10-4 M DPI (diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase) and 600 μM and SA 10 × 10-4 M (dimethylthiourea, a free radical scavenger) were found to prevent ARF. The redox status of the experimental explants monitored under such treatment conditions (in terms of accumulation of pro-oxidants, in situ localization of O2- and H2O2, radical scavenging property and total thiol content) revealed significant changes in ROS-antioxidant interactions at the metabolic interface, causing alterations in the pattern of ARF. Further, the assessment of activities and transcript abundance of the enzymes of the H2O2 turnover pathway (mainly the ascorbate-glutathione system) supported the transcriptional regulation of genes such as vrrboh, vrAPX, vrGR, vrSOD, and vrCAT and the activities of the relevant enzymes necessary for the generation of endogenous redox cues during ARF. The present work provides an inventory in support of the importance of antioxidant buffering associated with redox regulation for the origin of the metabolic redox cue (redox signal) necessary for SA-induced ARF in mung bean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durga Kora
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Centre For Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Centre For Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen YL, Fan KT, Hung SC, Chen YR. The role of peptides cleaved from protein precursors in eliciting plant stress reactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2267-2282. [PMID: 31595506 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to diverse abiotic and biotic stresses, and thus have developed complex signaling mechanisms that orchestrate multiple stress responses. Plant peptides have recently emerged as key signaling molecules of stress responses, not only to mechanical wounding and pathogen infection but also to nutrient imbalance, drought and high salinity. The currently identified stress-related signaling peptides in plants are derived from proteolytic processing of protein precursors. Here, we review these protein-derived peptides and the evidence for their functions in stress signaling. We recommend potential research directions that could clarify their roles in stress biology, and propose possible crosstalk with regard to the physiological outcome. The stress-centric perspective allows us to highlight the crucial roles of peptides in regulating the dynamics of stress physiology. Inspired by historic and recent findings, we review how peptides initiate complex molecular interactions to coordinate biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lan Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ting Fan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chi Hung
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Y, Bouwmeester HJ, Kappers IF. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis identifies defence responses in spider mite-infested pepper (Capsicum annuum). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:330-343. [PMID: 31557301 PMCID: PMC6913709 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants regulate responses towards herbivory through fine-tuning of defence-related hormone production, expression of defence genes, and production of secondary metabolites. Jasmonic acid (JA) plays a key role in plant-herbivorous arthropod interactions. To understand how pepper (Capsicum annuum) responds to herbivory, leaf transcriptomes and metabolomes of two genotypes different in their susceptibility to spider mites were studied. Mites induced both JA and salicylic acid (SA) signalling. However, mite infestation and exogenous JA resulted in distinct transcriptome profiles. Compared with JA, mites induced fewer differentially expressed genes involved in metabolic processes (except for genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway) and lipid metabolic processes. Furthermore, pathogen-related defence responses including WRKY transcription factors were more strongly induced upon mite infestation, probably as a result of induced SA signalling. Untargeted analysis of secondary metabolites confirmed that JA treatment induced larger changes in metabolism than spider mite infestation, resulting in higher terpenoid and flavonoid production. The more resistant genotype exhibited a larger increase in endogenous JA and volatile and non-volatile secondary metabolites upon infestation, which could explain its stronger defence. Reasoning that in JA-SA antagonizing crosstalk, SA defences are prioritized over JA defences, we hypothesize that lack of SA-mediated repression of JA-induced defences could result in gain of resistance towards spider mites in pepper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris F Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang B, Chen M, Wang T, Chen X, Li Y, Wang X, Zhu W, Xia L, Hu X, Tian J. A metabolomic strategy revealed the role of JA and SA balance in Clematis terniflora DC. Response to UVB radiation and dark. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:232-249. [PMID: 30467852 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clematis terniflora DC. is a valuable resource with potential high pharmaceutical value. Proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of C. terniflora that has been exposed to high levels of UVB irradiation and dark conditions (HUVB + D) have revealed the mechanisms underlying its medicinal potential. However, the signal transduction pathways and the mechanisms of regulation for the accumulation of secondary metabolites remain unclear. In this study, we show that the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signals were activated in C. terniflora in response to HUVB + D. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that the perturbation in JA and SA balance led to additional reallocation of carbon and nitrogen resources. Evaluating the fold change ratios of differentially changed metabolites proved that JA signal enhanced the transformation of nitrogen to carbon through the 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt pathway, which increased the carbon reserve to be utilized in the production of secondary metabolites. However, SA signal induced the synthesis of proline, while avoiding the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Over all, the results indicate that the co-increase of JA and SA reconstructed the dynamic stability of transformation from nitrogen to carbon, which effectively enhanced the oxidative defense to HUVB + D in C. terniflora by increasing the secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingxian Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tantan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaohan Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li'an Xia
- Benxi Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Benxi, China
| | - Xingjiang Hu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Si T, Wang X, Huang M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Dai T, Jiang D. Double benefits of mechanical wounding in enhancing chilling tolerance and lodging resistance in wheat plants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:813-824. [PMID: 30977948 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chilling and lodging are major threats to wheat production. However, strategies that can be used to effectively mitigate the adverse effects of these threats are still far from clear. Mechanical wounding is a traditional agronomic measure, whereas information about the role it plays in wheat chilling and lodging is scant. The aim of the present study was to investigate mechanisms underlying the protective roles of mechanical wounding in alleviating damage from chilling at jointing stage and enhancing lodging resistance after anthesis of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Our data show that net photosynthesis rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, activity of the antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes were significantly increased in the latest fully expanded leaves of wounded plants under chilling. Wounding also reduced hydrogen peroxide accumulation, electrolyte leakage and water loss in wounded plants. Moreover, mechanical wounding significantly reduced the length but increased the diameter and wall thickness of the basal second internode of the main stem. Quantitative and histochemical analysis further indicated that wounding increased lignin accumulation and activity of enzymes involved in lignin synthesis, which resulted in increased mechanical strength and the lodging resistance index in the main stem. We conclude from our data that mechanical wounding confers both cold tolerance by alleviating the damage caused by chilling at jointing stage and lodging resistance after anthesis of wheat plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Si
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Dry Farming Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - X Wang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Huang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Cai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Zhou
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T Dai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - D Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yu W, Yu M, Zhao R, Sheng J, Li Y, Shen L. Ethylene Perception Is Associated with Methyl-Jasmonate-Mediated Immune Response against Botrytis cinerea in Tomato Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6725-6735. [PMID: 31117506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA)- and ethylene-mediated signaling pathways are reported to have synergistic effects on inhibiting gray mold. The present study aimed to explain the role of ethylene perception in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-mediated immune responses. Results showed that exogenous MeJA enhanced disease resistance, accompanied by the induction of endogenous JA biosynthesis and ethylene production, which led to the activation of the phenolic metabolism pathway. Blocking ethylene perception using 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) either before or after MeJA treatment could differently weaken the disease responses induced by MeJA, including suppressing the induction of ethylene production and JA contents and reducing activities of lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase compared to MeJA treatment alone. Consequently, MeJA-induced elevations in the total phenolic content and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, and peroxidase were impaired by 1-MCP. These results suggested that ethylene perception participated in MeJA-mediated immune responses in tomato fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dombrowski JE, Kronmiller BA, Hollenbeck VG, Rhodes AC, Henning JA, Martin RC. Transcriptome analysis of the model grass Lolium temulentum exposed to green leaf volatiles. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:222. [PMID: 31138172 PMCID: PMC6540478 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forage and turf grasses are routinely cut and grazed upon throughout their lifecycle. When grasses are cut or damaged, they rapidly release a volatile chemical cocktail called green leaf volatiles (GLV). Previously we have shown that mechanical wounding or exposure to GLV released from cut grass, activated a Lt 46 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) within 3 min and a 44 kDa MAPK within 15-20 min in the model grass species Lolium temulentum (Lt). Currently very little is known concerning the perception, signaling or molecular responses associated with wound stress in grasses. Since GLV are released during wounding, we wanted to investigate what genes and signaling pathways would be induced in undamaged plants exposed to GLV. RESULTS RNA-Seq generated transcriptome of Lolium plants exposed to GLV identified 4308 up- and 2794 down-regulated distinct differentially-expressed sequences (DES). Gene Ontology analysis revealed a strong emphasis on signaling, response to stimulus and stress related categories. Transcription factors and kinases comprise over 13% of the total DES found in the up-regulated dataset. The analysis showed a strong initial burst within the first hour of GLV exposure with over 60% of the up-regulated DES being induced. Specifically sequences annotated for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and other plant hormones, mitogen-activated protein kinases and WRKY transcription factors were identified. Interestingly, eleven DES for ferric reductase oxidase, an enzyme involved in iron uptake and transport, were exclusively found in the down-regulated dataset. Twelve DES of interest were selected for qRT-PCR analysis; all displayed a rapid induction one hour after GLV exposure and were also strongly induced by mechanical wounding. CONCLUSION The information gained from the analysis of this transcriptome and previous studies suggests that GLV released from cut grasses transiently primes an undamaged plant's wound stress pathways for potential oncoming damage, and may have a dual role for inter- as well as intra-plant signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E. Dombrowski
- USDA-ARS, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-7102 USA
| | - Brent A. Kronmiller
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Vicky G. Hollenbeck
- USDA-ARS, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-7102 USA
| | - Adelaide C. Rhodes
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - John A. Henning
- USDA-ARS, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-7102 USA
| | - Ruth C. Martin
- USDA-ARS, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-7102 USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mutation of ACX1, a Jasmonic Acid Biosynthetic Enzyme, Leads to Petal Degeneration in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092310. [PMID: 31083282 PMCID: PMC6539522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Petal color, size, and morphology play important roles in protecting other floral organs, attracting pollinators, and facilitating sexual reproduction in plants. In a previous study, we obtained a petal degeneration mutant (pdm) from the ‘FT’ doubled haploid line of Chinese cabbage and found that the candidate gene for pdm, Bra040093, encodes the enzyme acyl-CoA oxidase1. In this study, we sought to examine the gene networks regulating petal development in pdm plants. We show that the mRNA and protein expression of Bra040093, which is involved in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic pathway, were significantly lower in the petals of pdm plants than in those of ‘FT’ plants. Similarly, the JA and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) contents of petals were significantly lower in pdm plants than in ‘FT’ plants and we found that exogenous application of these hormones to the inflorescences of pdm plants restored the ‘FT’ phenotype. Comparative analyses of the transcriptomes of ‘FT’, pdm and pdm + JA (pJA) plants revealed 10,160 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with consistent expression tendencies in ‘FT’ vs. pdm and pJA vs. pdm comparisons. Among these DEGs, we identified 69 DEGs related to floral organ development, 11 of which are involved in petal development regulated by JA. On the basis of qRT-PCR verification, we propose regulatory pathways whereby JA may mediate petal development in the pdm mutant. We demonstrate that mutation of Bra040093 in pdm plants leads to reduced JA levels and that this in turn promotes changes in the expression of genes that are expressed in response to JA, ultimately resulting in petal degeneration. These findings thus indicate that JA is associated with petal development in Chinese cabbage. These results enhance our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying petal development and lay the foundations for further elucidation of the mechanisms associated with floral organ development in Chinese cabbage.
Collapse
|
36
|
Fungal associates of the tree-killing bark beetle, Ips typographus, vary in virulence, ability to degrade conifer phenolics and influence bark beetle tunneling behavior. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
37
|
Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Resistance to Herbivores in Tomato Plants with Reduced Jasmonic Acid Production. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi favor plant growth by improving nutrient acquisition, but also by increasing their resistance against abiotic and biotic stressors, including herbivory. Mechanisms of AM fungal mediated increased resistance include a direct effect of AM fungi on plant vigor, but also a manipulation of the hormonal cascades, such as the systemic activation of jasmonic acid (JA) dependent defenses. However, how AM fungal inoculation and variation in the endogenous JA production interact to produce increased resistance against insect herbivores remains to be further elucidated. To address this question, three genotypes of Solanum lycopersicum L., a JA-biosynthesis deficient mutant, a JA over-accumulating mutant, and their wild-type were either inoculated with AM fungi or left un-inoculated. Plant growth-related traits and resistance against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) caterpillars, a major crop pest, were measured. Overall, we found that deficiency in JA production reduced plant development and were the least resistant against S. littoralis. Moreover, AM fungi increased plant resistance against S. littoralis, but such beneficial effect was more pronounced in JA-deficient plant than on JA over-accumulating plants. These results highlight that AM fungi-driven increased plant resistance is negatively affected by the ability of plants to produce JA and that AM fungi complement JA-mediated endogenous plant defenses in this system.
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhou Y, Zhu H, He S, Zhai H, Zhao N, Xing S, Wei Z, Liu Q. A Novel Sweetpotato Transcription Factor Gene IbMYB116 Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1025. [PMID: 31475022 PMCID: PMC6704235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the MYB transcription factor family have been found to regulate growth, developmental processes, metabolism, and biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. However, the role of MYB116 in plants is still unclear. In this study, a MYB transcription factor gene IbMYB116 was cloned and characterized from the sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] line Xushu55-2, a line that is considered to be drought resistant. We show here that IbMYB116 is a nuclear protein and that it possesses a transactivation domain at the C terminus. This gene exhibited a high expression level in the leaf tissues of Xushu55-2 and was strongly induced by PEG6000 and methyl-jasmonate (MeJA). The IbMYB116-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants showed significantly enhanced drought tolerance, increased MeJA content, and a decreased H2O2 level under drought stress. The overexpression of IbMYB116 in Arabidopsis systematically upregulated jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes and activated the JA signaling pathway as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system genes under drought stress conditions. The overall results suggest that the IbMYB116 gene might enhance drought tolerance by activating a ROS-scavenging system through the JA signaling pathway in transgenic Arabidopsis. These findings reveal, for the first time, the crucial role of IbMYB116 in the drought tolerance of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaozhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingchang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingchang Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Response to wound-activated stress through a lipid oxidative metabolic pathway in Pyropia haitanensis. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
40
|
Yu Q, Hao G, Zhou J, Wang J, Evivie ER, Li J. Identification and expression pattern analysis of BoMYB51 involved in indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:598-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
41
|
Figueiredo J, Sousa Silva M, Figueiredo A. Subtilisin-like proteases in plant defence: the past, the present and beyond. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1017-1028. [PMID: 28524452 PMCID: PMC6638164 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Subtilisin-like proteases (or subtilases) are a very diverse family of serine peptidases present in many organisms, but mostly in plants. With a broad spectrum of biological functions, ranging from protein turnover and plant development to interactions with the environment, subtilases have been gaining increasing attention with regard to their involvement in plant defence responses against the most diverse pathogens. Over the last 5 years, the number of published studies associating plant subtilases with pathogen resistance and plant immunity has increased tremendously. In addition, the observation of subtilases and serine protease inhibitors secreted by pathogens has also gained prominence. In this review, we focus on the active participation of subtilases in the interactions established by plants with the environment, highlighting their role in plant-pathogen communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiredo
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI)Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1749‐016Portugal
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa EstruturalFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1749‐016Portugal
- Centro de Química e BioquímicaFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1749‐016Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa EstruturalFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1749‐016Portugal
- Centro de Química e BioquímicaFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1749‐016Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI)Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1749‐016Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Si T, Wang X, Zhao C, Huang M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Dai T, Jiang D. The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Mediating the Mechanical Wounding-Induced Freezing Tolerance in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:327. [PMID: 29593774 PMCID: PMC5861560 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemic wound response (SWR), a well-characterized systemic signaling response, plays crucial roles in plant defense responses. Progress in understanding of the SWR in abiotic stress has also been aided by the researchers. However, the function of SWR in freezing stress remains elusive. In this study, we showed that local mild mechanical wounding enhanced freezing tolerance in newly occurred systemic leaves of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Wounding significantly increased the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, net photosynthetic rate, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes under freezing stress. Wounding also alleviated freezing-induced chlorophyll decomposition, electrolyte leakage, water lose, and membrane peroxidation. In addition, wounding-induced freezing stress mitigation was closely associated with the ratio between reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and the ratio between ascorbate (AsA) and dehydroascorbate (DHA), as well as the contents of total soluble sugars and free amino acids. Importantly, pharmacological study showed that wounding-induced freezing tolerance was substantially arrested by pretreatment of wheat leaves with the scavenger of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (RBOH). These results support the hypothesis that local mechanical wounding-induced SWR in newly occurred leaves is largely attributed to RBOH-dependent H2O2 production, which may subsequently induce freezing tolerance in wheat plants. This mechanism may have a potential application to reduce the yield losses of wheat under late spring freezing conditions. Highlights: In our previous research, we found that local mechanical wounding could induce freezing tolerance in the upper systemic leaves of wheat plants. Surprisingly, in this paper, we further demonstrated that local mechanical wounding could also increase freezing resistance in newly occurred leaves of wheat plants. RBOH mediated H2O2 and ascorbate-glutathione cycle participate in this systemic wound response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Si
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mei Huang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Cai, Dong Jiang,
| | - Qin Zhou
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Cai, Dong Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sami F, Faizan M, Faraz A, Siddiqui H, Yusuf M, Hayat S. Nitric oxide-mediated integrative alterations in plant metabolism to confer abiotic stress tolerance, NO crosstalk with phytohormones and NO-mediated post translational modifications in modulating diverse plant stress. Nitric Oxide 2017; 73:22-38. [PMID: 29275195 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a major signaling biomolecule associated with signal transduction in plants. The beneficial role of NO in plants, exposed to several abiotic stresses shifted our understanding as it being not only free radical, released from the toxic byproducts of oxidative metabolism but also helps in plant sustenance. An explosion of research in plant NO biology during the last two decades has revealed that NO is a key signal associated with plant growth, germination, photosynthesis, leaf senescence, pollen growth and reorientation. NO is beneficial as well as harmful to plants in a dose-dependent manner. Exogenous application of NO at lower concentrations promotes seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, pollen development, flowering and delays senescence but at higher concentrations it causes nitrosative damage to plants. However, this review concentrates on the beneficial impact of NO in lower concentrations in the plants and also highlights the NO crosstalk of NO with other plant hormones, such as auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, cytokinins, ethylene, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, under diverse stresses. While concentrating on the multidimensional role of NO, an attempt has been made to cover the role of NO-mediated genes associated with plant developmental processes, metal uptake, and plant defense responses as well as stress-related genes. More recently, several NO-mediated post translational modifications, such as S-nitrosylation, N-end rule pathway operates under hypoxia and tyrosine nitration also occurs to modulate plant physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fareen Sami
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Faizan
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Ahmad Faraz
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Husna Siddiqui
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pavlovič A, Jakšová J, Novák O. Triggering a false alarm: wounding mimics prey capture in the carnivorous Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:927-938. [PMID: 28850713 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the carnivorous plant Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula), the sequence of events after prey capture resembles the well-known plant defence signalling pathway in response to pathogen or herbivore attack. Here, we used wounding to mimic prey capture to show the similarities and differences between botanical carnivory and plant defence mechanisms. We monitored movement, electrical signalling, jasmonate accumulation and digestive enzyme secretion in local and distal (systemic) traps in response to prey capture, the mechanical stimulation of trigger hairs and wounding. The Venus flytrap cannot discriminate between wounding and mechanical trigger hair stimulation. Both induced the same action potentials, rapid trap closure, hermetic trap sealing, the accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) and its isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile), and the secretion of proteases (aspartic and cysteine proteases), phosphatases and type I chitinase. The jasmonate accumulation and enzyme secretion were confined to the local traps, to which the stimulus was applied, which correlates with the propagation of electrical signals and the absence of a systemic response in the Venus flytrap. In contrast to plant defence mechanisms, the absence of a systemic response in carnivorous plant may represent a resource-saving strategy. During prey capture, it could be quite expensive to produce digestive enzymes in the traps on the plant without prey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jakšová
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Song GC, Choi HK, Kim YS, Choi JS, Ryu CM. Seed defense biopriming with bacterial cyclodipeptides triggers immunity in cucumber and pepper. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14209. [PMID: 29079796 PMCID: PMC5660235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed priming is to expose seeds to specific compounds to enhance seed germination. Few studies of plant immune activation through seed priming have been conducted. Here, we introduce an emerging technology that combines seed priming with elicitation of plant immunity using biologically active compounds. This technology is named 'seed defense biopriming' (SDB). We prepared heat-stable metabolites from 1,825 root-associated Bacillus spp. isolated from the rhizosphere in South Korea. These preparations were tested for their ability to induce SDB in cucumber and pepper seeds and trigger plant immunity. SDB with heat-stable metabolites of the selected Bacillus gaemokensis strain PB69 significantly reduced subsequent bacterial diseases under in vitro and field conditions and increased fruit yield. Transcriptional analysis of induced resistance marker genes confirmed the upregulation of salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid signaling. Mortality of the insect pest Spodoptera litura increased when larvae fed on SDB-treated cucumber tissues. Analysis of the causative bacterial metabolites identified a leucine-proline cyclodipeptide and a commercially obtained leucine-proline cyclodipeptide induced similar results as treatment with the bacterial preparation. Our results indicate that SDB treatment with the heat-stable bacterial metabolite effectively elicited immunity and controlled disease in seedlings to whole plants, thereby increasing yield even under field conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geun Cheol Song
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Choi
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Young Sook Kim
- Eco-Friendly New Materials Research Center, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Jung Sup Choi
- Eco-Friendly New Materials Research Center, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jiang F, Shen Y, Ma C, Zhang X, Cao W, Rui Y. Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings cultivated under super-elevated and normal CO2 conditions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178088. [PMID: 28558015 PMCID: PMC5448767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns over the potential risks of nanomaterials to ecosystem have been raised, as it is highly possible that nanomaterials could be released to the environment and result in adverse effects on living organisms. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the main greenhouse gases. The level of CO2 keeps increasing and subsequently causes a series of environmental problems, especially for agricultural crops. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TiO2 NPs on wheat seedlings cultivated under super-elevated CO2 conditions (5000 mg/L CO2) and under normal CO2 conditions (400 mg/L CO2). Compared to the normal CO2 condition, wheat grown under the elevated CO2 condition showed increases of root biomass and large numbers of lateral roots. Under both CO2 cultivation conditions, the abscisic acid (ABA) content in wheat seedlings increased with increasing concentrations of TiO2 NPs. The indolepropioponic acid (IPA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content notably decreased in plants grown under super-elevated CO2 conditions, while the JA content increased with increasing concentrations of TiO2 NPs. Ti accumulation showed a dose-response manner in both wheat shoots and roots as TiO2 NPs concentrations increased. Additionally, the presence of elevated CO2 significantly promoted Ti accumulation and translocation in wheat treated with certain concentrations of TiO2 NPs. This study will be of benefit to the understanding of the joint effects and physiological mechanism of high-CO2 and nanoparticle to terrestrial plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Jiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunze Shen
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture of the P.R. China/ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yukui Rui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Genome-wide characterization of JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN transcription repressors in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:152. [PMID: 28193162 PMCID: PMC5307646 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) repressor family proteins are jasmonate co-receptors and transcriptional repressor in jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, and they play important roles in regulating the growth and development of plants. Recently, more and more researches on JAZ gene family are reported in many plants. Although the genome sequencing of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its relatives is complete, our knowledge about this gene family remains vacant. RESULTS Fourteen JAZ genes were identified in the wheat genome. Structural analysis revealed that the TaJAZ proteins in wheat were as conserved as those in other plants, but had structural characteristics. By phylogenetic analysis, all JAZ proteins from wheat and other plants were clustered into 11 sub-groups (G1-G11), and TaJAZ proteins shared a high degree of similarity with some JAZ proteins from Aegliops tauschii, Brachypodium distachyon and Oryza sativa. The Ka/Ks ratios of TaJAZ genes ranged from 0.0016 to 0.6973, suggesting that the TaJAZ family had undergone purifying selection in wheat. Gene expression patterns obtained by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed differential temporal and spatial regulation of TaJAZ genes under multifarious abiotic stress treatments of high salinity, drought, cold and phytohormone. Among these, TaJAZ7, 8 and 12 were specifically expressed in the anther tissues of the thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) wheat line BS366 and normal control wheat line Jing411. Compared with the gene expression patterns in the normal wheat line Jing411, TaJAZ7, 8 and 12 had different expression patterns in abnormally dehiscent anthers of BS366 at the heading stage 6, suggesting that specific up- or down-regulation of these genes might be associated with the abnormal anther dehiscence in TGMS wheat line. CONCLUSION This study analyzed the size and composition of the JAZ gene family in wheat, and investigated stress responsive and differential tissue-specific expression profiles of each TaJAZ gene in TGMS wheat line BS366. In addition, we isolated 3 TaJAZ genes that would be more likely to be involved in the regulation of abnormal anther dehiscence in TGMS wheat line. In conclusion, the results of this study contributed some novel and detailed information about JAZ gene family in wheat, and also provided 3 potential candidate genes for improving the TGMS wheat line.
Collapse
|
48
|
Lee S, An R, Grewal P, Yu Z, Borherova Z, Lee J. High-Performing Windowfarm Hydroponic System: Transcriptomes of Fresh Produce and Microbial Communities in Response to Beneficial Bacterial Treatment. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:965-976. [PMID: 28035839 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-16-0162-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms play an important role in enhancing plant health, especially by promoting resistance to plant pathogen infection. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of such protection by i) examining the responses of fresh produce (lettuce) to beneficial treatments in their transcriptomes, ii) comparing biological (bacteria, fungi, and oomycete) communities and their diversity when treated with Pseudomonas chlororaphis (beneficial bacterium) in windowfarm hydroponic systems, and iii) identifying the microorganisms in root areas and water. P. chlororaphis treatment was for increasing plant growth and fighting for Pythium ultimum infection. In addition, two more treatments were conducted: i) adding supporting media for increasing bacterial colonizing areas around roots and ii) UV irradiation in water for controlling nuisance biofilm buildup. Changes in gene regulation and expression in lettuce in response to these treatments were investigated. Comparisons of microbial profiles among the treatments and microbial identification were conducted using samples of supporting media (around roots) and water. The results demonstrated that i) P. chlororaphis enhanced lettuce growth, ii) P. chlororaphis-treated lettuce showed dominantly expressed genes for membrane, catalytic activity, cellular process, and metabolic process categories, iii) P. chlororaphis treatment induced genes related to growth promotion and defense pathways, and iv) the microbial community of the root area was affected significantly by P. chlororaphis treatment and microbial diversity in water was significantly changed by UV irradiation. This study provided insight into how beneficial treatments affects the fresh produce growth in root areas and water in a vertical hydroponic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungjun Lee
- 1 Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, U.S.A
| | - Ruisheng An
- 2 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, U.S.A
| | - Parwinder Grewal
- 2 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, U.S.A
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- 1 Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, U.S.A
- 3 Department of Animal Sciences
| | | | - Jiyoung Lee
- 1 Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, U.S.A
- 5 Department of Food Science and Technology, and
- 6 College of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Meyer M, Huttenlocher F, Cedzich A, Procopio S, Stroeder J, Pau-Roblot C, Lequart-Pillon M, Pelloux J, Stintzi A, Schaller A. The subtilisin-like protease SBT3 contributes to insect resistance in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4325-38. [PMID: 27259555 PMCID: PMC5301937 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Subtilisin-like proteases (SBTs) constitute a large family of extracellular plant proteases, the function of which is still largely unknown. In tomato plants, the expression of SBT3 was found to be induced in response to wounding and insect attack in injured leaves but not in healthy systemic tissues. The time course of SBT3 induction resembled that of proteinase inhibitor II and other late wound response genes suggesting a role for SBT3 in herbivore defense. Consistent with such a role, larvae of the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta performed better on transgenic plants silenced for SBT3 expression (SBT3-SI). Supporting a contribution of SBT3 to systemic wound signaling, systemic induction of late wound response genes was attenuated in SBT3-SI plants. The partial loss of insect resistance may thus be explained by a reduction in systemic defense gene expression. Alternatively, SBT3 may play a post-ingestive role in plant defense. Similar to other anti-nutritive proteins, SBT3 was found to be stable and active in the insect's digestive system, where it may act on unidentified proteins of insect or plant origin. Finally, a reduction in the level of pectin methylesterification that was observed in transgenic plants with altered levels of SBT3 expression suggested an involvement of SBT3 in the regulation of pectin methylesterases (PMEs). While such a role has been described in other systems, PME activity and the degree of pectin methylesterification did not correlate with the level of insect resistance in SBT3-SI and SBT3 overexpressing plants and are thus unrelated to the observed resistance phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meyer
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franziska Huttenlocher
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Cedzich
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Susanne Procopio
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jasper Stroeder
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Corinne Pau-Roblot
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Michelle Lequart-Pillon
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Annick Stintzi
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaller
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Steffens B, Rasmussen A. The Physiology of Adventitious Roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:603-17. [PMID: 26697895 PMCID: PMC4734560 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious roots are plant roots that form from any nonroot tissue and are produced both during normal development (crown roots on cereals and nodal roots on strawberry [Fragaria spp.]) and in response to stress conditions, such as flooding, nutrient deprivation, and wounding. They are important economically (for cuttings and food production), ecologically (environmental stress response), and for human existence (food production). To improve sustainable food production under environmentally extreme conditions, it is important to understand the adventitious root development of crops both in normal and stressed conditions. Therefore, understanding the regulation and physiology of adventitious root formation is critical for breeding programs. Recent work shows that different adventitious root types are regulated differently, and here, we propose clear definitions of these classes. We use three case studies to summarize the physiology of adventitious root development in response to flooding (case study 1), nutrient deficiency (case study 2), and wounding (case study 3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Steffens
- Plant Physiology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany (B.S.); andDivision of Plant and Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Amanda Rasmussen
- Plant Physiology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany (B.S.); andDivision of Plant and Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|