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Feng Y, Tian X, Liang W, Nan X, Zhang A, Li W, Ma Z. Genome-wide identification of grape ANS gene family and expression analysis at different fruit coloration stages. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:632. [PMID: 38066449 PMCID: PMC10709965 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanin synthase (ANS) is the enzyme downstream of the anthocyanins synthesis pathway and the rate-limiting enzyme of the synthesis pathway. It catalyzes the conversion of colorless anthocyanins to anthocyanins and plays an important role in plant color presentation and stress resistance. However, ANS gene is rarely studied in grapes. RESULTS In this study, 121 VvANS genes were identified and distributed on 18 chromosomes, VvANS family members were divided into 8 subgroups. Secondary structure prediction showed mainly irregular coils and α-helices, and subcellular localization indicated that VvANS gene family is mainly located in chloroplast, cytoplasm and nucleus. The promoter region of the VvANS gene family contains multiple cis-acting elements that are associated with light, abiotic stress, and hormones. Intraspecific collinearity analysis showed that there were 13 pairs of collinearity between VvANS genes. Interspecific collinearity analysis showed that there was more collinearity between grape, apple and Arabidopsis, but less collinearity between grape and rice. Microarray data analysis showed that VvANS17, VvANS23 and VvANS75 had higher expression levels in flesh and peel, while VvANS25, VvANS64 and VvANS106 had higher expression levels in flower. The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that VvANS genes were expressed throughout the whole process of fruit coloring, such as VvANS47 and VvANS55 in the green fruit stage, VvANS3, VvANS64 and VvANS90 in the initial fruit color turning stage. The expression levels of VvANS21, VvANS79 and VvANS108 were higher at 50% coloring stage, indicating that these genes play an important role in the fruit coloring process. VvANS4, VvANS66 and VvANS113 had the highest expression levels in the full maturity stage. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that different members of VvANS gene family played a role in different coloring stages, and this study laid a foundation for further research on the function of ANS gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Feng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechun Tian
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - XinTong Nan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Aoning Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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Qu C, Zhu M, Hu R, Niu Y, Chen S, Zhao H, Li C, Wang Z, Yin N, Sun F, Chen Z, Shen S, Shang G, Zhou Y, Yan X, Wei L, Liu L, Yi B, Lian J, Li J, Tang Z, Liang Y, Xu X, Wang R, Yin J, Wan H, Du H, Qian W, Chai Y, Zhou Q, He Y, Zhong S, Qiu X, Yu H, Lam HM, Lu K, Fu F, Li J. Comparative genomic analyses reveal the genetic basis of the yellow-seed trait in Brassica napus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5194. [PMID: 37626056 PMCID: PMC10457299 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow-seed trait is a desirable breeding characteristic of rapeseed (Brassica napus) that could greatly improve seed oil yield and quality. However, the underlying mechanisms controlling this phenotype in B. napus plants are difficult to discern because of their complexity. Here, we assemble high-quality genomes of yellow-seeded (GH06) and black-seeded (ZY821). Combining in-depth fine mapping of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for seed color with other omics data reveal BnA09MYB47a, encoding an R2R3-MYB-type transcription factor, as the causal gene of a major QTL controlling the yellow-seed trait. Functional studies show that sequence variation of BnA09MYB47a underlies the functional divergence between the yellow- and black-seeded B. napus. The black-seed allele BnA09MYB47aZY821, but not the yellow-seed allele BnA09MYB47aGH06, promotes flavonoid biosynthesis by directly activating the expression of BnTT18. Our discovery suggests a possible approach to breeding B. napus for improved commercial value and facilitates flavonoid biosynthesis studies in Brassica crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunmin Qu
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meichen Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongchao Niu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Si Chen
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengxiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nengwen Yin
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fujun Sun
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyou Chen
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shulin Shen
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoxia Shang
- National Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Innovation and Utilization of Plateau Crop Germplasm, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingying Yan
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liezhao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Jiang Li
- Biozeron Shenzhen, Inc, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhanglin Tang
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinfu Xu
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaming Yin
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huafang Wan
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Du
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yourong Chai
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajun He
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Silin Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- The State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Fuyou Fu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Jiana Li
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Chen YY, Lu HQ, Jiang KX, Wang YR, Wang YP, Jiang JJ. The Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Brassica napus: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010357. [PMID: 36613800 PMCID: PMC9820570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica napus is an important crop for edible oil, vegetables, biofuel, and animal food. It is also an ornamental crop for its various petal colors. Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites with antioxidant activities and medicinal values, and are important to plant pigmentation, disease resistance, and abiotic stress responses. The yellow seed coat, purple leaf and inflorescence, and colorful petals of B. napus have been bred for improved nutritional value, tourism and city ornamentation. The putative loci and genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in B. napus have been identified using germplasms with various seed, petal, leaf, and stem colors, or different flavonoid contents under stress conditions. This review introduces the advances of flavonoid profiling, biosynthesis, and regulation during development and stress responses of B. napus, and hopes to help with the breeding of B. napus with better quality, ornamental value, and stress resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hai-Qin Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - You-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jin-Jin Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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Park S, Lee H, Min MK, Ha J, Song J, Lim CJ, Oh J, Lee SB, Lee JY, Kim BG. Functional Characterization of BrF3'H, Which Determines the Typical Flavonoid Profile of Purple Chinese Cabbage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:793589. [PMID: 34956292 PMCID: PMC8693655 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.793589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols and anthocyanins are the two major classes of flavonoids in Brassica rapa. To elucidate the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in Chinese cabbage (B. rapa L. subsp. pekinensis), we analyzed flavonoid contents in two varieties of Chinese cabbage with normal green (5546) and purple (8267) leaves. The 8267 variety accumulates significantly higher levels of quercetin, isorhamnetin, and cyanidin than the 5546 variety, indicating that 3'-dihydroxylated flavonoids are more prevalent in the purple than in the green variety. Gene expression analysis showed that the expression patterns of most phenylpropanoid pathway genes did not correspond to the flavonoid accumulation patterns in 5546 and 8267 varieties, except for BrPAL1.2 while most early and late flavonoid biosynthetic genes are highly expressed in 8267 variety. In particular, the flavanone 3'-hydroxylase BrF3'H (Bra009312) is expressed almost exclusively in 8267. We isolated the coding sequences of BrF3'H from the two varieties and found that both sequences encode identical amino acid sequences and are highly conserved with F3'H genes from other species. An in vitro enzymatic assay demonstrated that the recombinant BrF3'H protein catalyzes the 3'-hydroxylation of a wide range of 4'-hydroxylated flavonoid substrates. Kinetic analysis showed that kaempferol is the most preferred substrate and dihydrokaempferol (DHK) is the poorest substrate for recombinant BrF3'H among those tested. Transient expression of BrF3'H in Nicotiana benthamiana followed by infiltration of naringenin and DHK as substrates resulted in eriodictyol and quercetin production in the infiltrated leaves, demonstrating the functionality of BrF3'H in planta. As the first functional characterization of BrF3'H, our study provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying purple coloration in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Park
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Hyo Lee
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Myung Ki Min
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Jihee Ha
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Jaeeun Song
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Chan Ju Lim
- Institute of Biotechnology and Breeding, Asiaseed Inc., Icheon, South Korea
| | - Jinpyo Oh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Breeding, Asiaseed Inc., Icheon, South Korea
| | - Saet Buyl Lee
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
| | - Beom-Gi Kim
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, JeonJu, South Korea
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Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Xu S, Ma H, Han J, Zhang Y. Tree peony variegated flowers show a small insertion in the F3'H gene of the acyanic flower parts. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:211. [PMID: 32398153 PMCID: PMC7216414 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) cultivar 'Er Qiao' is appreciated for its unstable variegated flower coloration, with cyanic and acyanic flowers appearing on different branches of the same plant and occasionally in a single flower or petal. However, the variegation mechanism is still unclear. RESULTS In this study, we found significantly higher contents and more diverse sets of anthocyanins in the cyanic petals than in the acyanic petals. Comparative transcriptome analysis between the two flower types revealed 477 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Quantitative real-time PCR results verified that the transcript levels of the flavonol synthase (FLS) gene were significantly increased in the acyanic petals. Furthermore, we found that a GCGGCG insertion at 246 bp in the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) gene-coding region constitutes a duplication of the 241-245 bp section and was consistently found only in acyanic flowers. Sequence alignment of the F3'H gene from different plant species indicated that only the acyanic petals of 'Er Qiao' contained the GCGGCG insertion. The transformation of Arabidopsis tt7-1 lines demonstrated that the ectopic expression of F3'H-cyanic, but not F3'H-acyanic, could complement the colors in the hypocotyl and seed coat. CONCLUSION In summary, we found that an indel in F3'H and the upregulation of FLS drastically reduced the anthocyanin content in acyanic petals. Our results provide molecular candidates for a better understanding of the variegation mechanisms in tree peony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Zhang
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanwei Cheng
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Xu
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471022, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Ma
- Luoyang Research Institute of Peony, Luoyang, 471022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Han
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471022, People's Republic of China
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Wu Y, Wang T, Xin Y, Wang G, Xu LA. Overexpression of the GbF3' H1 Gene Enhanced the Epigallocatechin, Gallocatechin, and Catechin Contents in Transgenic Populus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:998-1006. [PMID: 31910001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. leaves are a flavonoid resource for the pharmaceutical industry. The flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) is a key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. However, the role of F3'H in flavonoid biosynthesis and metabolism is unclear. In this study, we characterized and functionally analyzed the ginkgo F3'H gene GbF3'H1 that encodes a protein of 520 amino acids. Expression profiling showed that GbF3'H1 was highly expressed in the leaves of ginkgo in September. Subcellular localization showed that GbF3'H1 occurred predominately in the cytoplasm. Transgenic poplars overexpressing GbF3'H1 had more red pigmentation in leaves than did wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, the concentrations of epigallocatechin, gallocatechin, and catechin in the downstream products synthesized by flavonoids were significantly higher in the transgenic plants than in the WT plants. These results indicate that the overexpression of GbF3'H1 enhances flavonoid production in transgenic plants and provides new insights into flavonoid biosynthesis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China , Nanjing Forestry University , 159 Longpan Road , Nanjing 210037 , China
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - Tongli Wang
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - Yue Xin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China , Nanjing Forestry University , 159 Longpan Road , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China , Nanjing Forestry University , 159 Longpan Road , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Li-An Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China , Nanjing Forestry University , 159 Longpan Road , Nanjing 210037 , China
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7
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Jiang J, Zhu S, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Zeng L, Batley J, Wang YP. Transcriptomic comparison between developing seeds of yellow- and black-seeded Brassica napus reveals that genes influence seed quality. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:203. [PMID: 31096923 PMCID: PMC6524335 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica napus is of substantial economic value for vegetable oil, biofuel, and animal fodder production. The breeding of yellow-seeded B. napus to improve seed quality with higher oil content, improved oil and meal quality with fewer antinutrients merits attention. Screening the genes related to this phenotype is valuable for future rapeseed breeding. RESULTS A total of 85,407 genes, including 4317 novel genes, were identified in the developing seeds of yellow- and black-seeded B. napus, and yellow rapeseed was shown to be an introgression line between black-seeded B. napus and yellow-seeded Sinapis alba. A total of 15,251 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among all the libraries, and 563 and 397 common DEGs were identified throughout black and yellow seed development, including 80 upregulated and 151 downregulated genes related to seed development and fatty acid accumulation. In addition, 11 up-DEGs and 31 down-DEGs were identified in all developmental stages of yellow rapeseed compared with black seed. Enrichment analysis revealed that many DEGs were involved in biosynthetic processes, pigment metabolism, and oxidation-reduction processes, such as flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism. We found that more than 77 DEGs were related to flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis, including 4CL, C4H, and PAL, which participated in phenylalanine metabolism, and BAN, CHI/TT5, DFR, F3H, FLS, LDOX, PAP, CHS/TT4, TT5, bHLH/TT8, WD40, MYB, TCP, and CYP, which were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Most of these DEGs were downregulated in yellow rapeseed and were consistent with the decreased flavonoid and lignin contents. Both up- and down-DEGs related to fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism were also analyzed, which could help to explain the improved oil content of yellow rapeseed. CONCLUSION This research provided comprehensive transcriptome data for yellow-seeded B. napus with a unique genetic background, and all the DEGs in comparison with the black-seeded counterpart could help to explain seed quality differences, such as lower pigmentation and lignin contents, and higher oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Yue Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - You-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
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8
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Qu C, Zhao H, Fu F, Zhang K, Yuan J, Liu L, Wang R, Xu X, Lu K, Li JN. Molecular Mapping and QTL for Expression Profiles of Flavonoid Genes in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1691. [PMID: 27881992 PMCID: PMC5102069 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that are extensively distributed in the plant kingdom and contribute to seed coat color formation in rapeseed. To decipher the genetic networks underlying flavonoid biosynthesis in rapeseed, we constructed a high-density genetic linkage map with 1089 polymorphic loci (including 464 SSR loci, 97 RAPD loci, 451 SRAP loci, and 75 IBP loci) using recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The map consists of 19 linkage groups and covers 2775 cM of the B. napus genome with an average distance of 2.54 cM between adjacent markers. We then performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis to detect transcript-level variation of 18 flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes in the seeds of the 94 RILs. In total, 72 eQTLs were detected and found to be distributed among 15 different linkage groups that account for 4.11% to 52.70% of the phenotypic variance atrributed to each eQTL. Using a genetical genomics approach, four eQTL hotspots together harboring 28 eQTLs associated with 18 genes were found on chromosomes A03, A09, and C08 and had high levels of synteny with genome sequences of A. thaliana and Brassica species. Associated with the trans-eQTL hotspots on chromosomes A03, A09, and C08 were 5, 17, and 1 genes encoding transcription factors, suggesting that these genes have essential roles in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Importantly, bZIP25, which is expressed specifically in seeds, MYC1, which controls flavonoid biosynthesis, and the R2R3-type gene MYB51, which is involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, were associated with the eQTL hotspots, and these genes might thus be involved in different flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in rapeseed. Hence, further studies of the functions of these genes will provide insight into the regulatory mechanism underlying flavonoid biosynthesis, and lay the foundation for elaborating the molecular mechanism of seed coat color formation in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Fuyou Fu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jianglian Yuan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Liezhao Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xinfu Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Lu
| | - Jia-Na Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Jia-na Li
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9
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Qu C, Zhao H, Fu F, Wang Z, Zhang K, Zhou Y, Wang X, Wang R, Xu X, Tang Z, Lu K, Li JN. Genome-Wide Survey of Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes and Gene Expression Analysis between Black- and Yellow-Seeded Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1755. [PMID: 27999578 PMCID: PMC5139615 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, the compounds that impart color to fruits, flowers, and seeds, are the most widespread secondary metabolites in plants. However, a systematic analysis of these loci has not been performed in Brassicaceae. In this study, we isolated 649 nucleotide sequences related to flavonoid biosynthesis, i.e., the Transparent Testa (TT) genes, and their associated amino acid sequences in 17 Brassicaceae species, grouped into Arabidopsis or Brassicaceae subgroups. Moreover, 36 copies of 21 genes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, 53 were identified in Brassica rapa, 50 in Brassica oleracea, and 95 in B. napus, followed the genomic distribution, collinearity analysis and genes triplication of them among Brassicaceae species. The results showed that the extensive gene loss, whole genome triplication, and diploidization that occurred after divergence from the common ancestor. Using qRT-PCR methods, we analyzed the expression of 18 flavonoid biosynthesis genes in 6 yellow- and black-seeded B. napus inbred lines with different genetic background, found that 12 of which were preferentially expressed during seed development, whereas the remaining genes were expressed in all B. napus tissues examined. Moreover, 14 of these genes showed significant differences in expression level during seed development, and all but four of these (i.e., BnTT5, BnTT7, BnTT10, and BnTTG1) had similar expression patterns among the yellow- and black-seeded B. napus. Results showed that the structural genes (BnTT3, BnTT18, and BnBAN), regulatory genes (BnTTG2 and BnTT16) and three encoding transfer proteins (BnTT12, BnTT19, and BnAHA10) might play an crucial roles in the formation of different seed coat colors in B. napus. These data will be helpful for illustrating the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis in Brassicaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Food and Bioproduct Science, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Fuyou Fu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xinfu Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Zhanglin Tang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Lu
| | - Jia-Na Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Jia-Na Li
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10
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Sun RZ, Pan QH, Duan CQ, Wang J. Light response and potential interacting proteins of a grape flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene promoter. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:70-81. [PMID: 26433636 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H), a member of cytochrome P450 protein family, introduces B-ring hydroxyl group in the 3' position of the flavonoid. In this study, the cDNA sequence of a F3'H gene (VviF3'H), which contains an open reading frame of 1530 bp encoding a polypeptide of 509 amino acids, was cloned and characterized from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. VviF3'H showed high homology to known F3'H genes, especially F3'Hs from the V. vinifera reference genome (Pinot Noir) and lotus. Expression profiling analysis using real-time PCR revealed that VviF3'H was ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues including berries, leaves, flowers, roots, stems and tendrils, suggesting its important physiological role in plant growth and development. Moreover, the transcript level of VviF3'H gene in grape berries was relatively higher at early developmental stages and gradually decreased during véraison, and then increased in the mature phase. In addition, the promoter of VviF3'H was isolated by using TAIL-PCR. Yeast one-hybrid screening of the Cabernet Sauvignon cDNA library and subsequent in vivo/vitro validations revealed the interaction between VviF3'H promoter and several transcription factors, including members of HD-Zip, NAC, MYB and EIN families. A transcriptional regulation mechanism of VviF3'H expression is proposed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Sun
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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11
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Vu TT, Jeong CY, Nguyen HN, Lee D, Lee SA, Kim JH, Hong SW, Lee H. Characterization of Brassica napus Flavonol Synthase Involved in Flavonol Biosynthesis in Brassica napus L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7819-29. [PMID: 26264830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Brassica napus has become a very important crop for plant oil production. Flavonols, an uncolored flavonoid subclass, have a high antioxidative effect and are known to have antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and neuropharmacological properties. In B. napus, some flavonoid structural genes have been identified, such as, BnF3H-1, BnCHS, and BnC4H-1. However, no studies on FLS genes in B. napus have been conducted. Thus, in this study, we cloned and characterized the function of BnFLS gene B. napus. By overexpression of the BnFLS gene, flavonol (kaempferol and quercetin) levels were recovered in the Arabidopsis atfls1-ko mutant. In addition, we found that the higher endogenous flavonol levels of BnFLS-ox in vitro shoots correlated with slightly higher ROS scavenging activities. Thus, our results indicate that the BnFLS gene encodes for a BnFLS enzyme that can be manipulated to specifically increase flavonol accumulation in oilseed plants and other species such as Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Thanh Vu
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Jeong
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoai Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang A Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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12
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Miyamoto T, Nishimoto R, Maeno S, Zhu Q, Fukushima M. Monopersulfate oxidation of tetrabromobisphenol A by biomimetic catalysts supported on cation- and anion-exchange resins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Zhao W, Zhao J, He L, Sun Y, Cai H. Molecular structure and the second introns variation of gene F3'H of two medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium populations. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Qu C, Fu F, Lu K, Zhang K, Wang R, Xu X, Wang M, Lu J, Wan H, Zhanglin T, Li J. Differential accumulation of phenolic compounds and expression of related genes in black- and yellow-seeded Brassica napus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:2885-98. [PMID: 23698630 PMCID: PMC3697950 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing yellow-seeded Brassica napus (rapeseed) with improved qualities is a major breeding goal. The intermediate and final metabolites of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways affect not only oil quality but also seed coat colour of B. napus. Here, the accumulation of phenolic compounds was analysed in the seed coats of black-seeded (ZY821) and yellow-seeded (GH06) B. napus. Using toluidine blue O staining and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, histochemical and biochemical differences were identified in the accumulation of phenolic compounds between ZY821 and GH06. Two and 13 unique flavonol derivatives were detected in ZY821 and GH06, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed significant differences between ZY821 and GH06 in the expression of common phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes (BnPAL and BnC4H), common flavonoid biosynthetic genes (BnTT4 and BnTT6), anthocyanin- and proanthocyandin-specific genes (BnTT3 and BnTT18), proanthocyandin-specific genes (BnTT12, BnTT10, and BnUGT2) and three transcription factor genes (BnTTG1, BnTTG2, and BnTT8) that function in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. These data provide insight into pigment accumulation in B. napus, and serve as a useful resource for researchers analysing the formation of seed coat colour and the underlying regulatory mechanisms in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Fuyou Fu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, S7N 02X, Saskatoon Saskatchewan, Canada
- *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kai Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinfu Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxing Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huafang Wan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tang Zhanglin
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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15
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Yu CY. Molecular mechanism of manipulating seed coat coloration in oilseed Brassica species. J Appl Genet 2013; 54:135-45. [PMID: 23329015 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-012-0132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Yellow seed is a desirable characteristic for the breeding of oilseed Brassica crops, but the manifestation of seed coat color is very intricate due to the involvement of various pigments, the main components of which are flavonols, proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin), and maybe some other phenolic relatives, like lignin and melanin. The focus of this review is to examine the genetics mechanism regarding the biosynthesis and regulation of these pigments in the seed coat of oilseed Brassica. This knowledge came largely from recent researches on the molecular mechanism of TRANSPARENT TESTA (tt) and similar mutations in the ancestry model plant of Brassica, Arabidopsis. Some key enzymes in the flavonoid (flavonols and proanthocyanidin) biosynthetic pathway have been characterized in tt mutants. Some orthologs to these TRANSPARENT TESTA genes have also been cloned in Brassica species. However, it is suggested that some alterative metabolism pathways, including lignin and melanin, might also be involved in seed color manifestation. Polyphenol oxidases, such as laccase, tyrosinase, or even peroxidase, participate in the oxidation step in proanthocyanidin, lignin, and melanin biosynthesis. Moreover, some researches also suggested that melanic pigment in black-seeded Brassica was several fold higher than in yellow-seeded Brassica. Although more experiments are required to evaluate the importance of lignin and melanin in seed coat browning, the current results suggest that the flavonols and proanthocyanidin are not the only roles affecting seed color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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16
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Liu L, Stein A, Wittkop B, Sarvari P, Li J, Yan X, Dreyer F, Frauen M, Friedt W, Snowdon RJ. A knockout mutation in the lignin biosynthesis gene CCR1 explains a major QTL for acid detergent lignin content in Brassica napus seeds. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 124:1573-86. [PMID: 22350089 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-1811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed coat phenolic compounds represent important antinutritive fibre components that cause a considerable reduction in value of seed meals from oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The nutritionally most important fibre compound is acid detergent lignin (ADL), to which a significant contribution is made by phenylpropanoid-derived lignin precursors. In this study, we used bulked-segregant analysis in a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of the Chinese oilseed rape lines GH06 (yellow seed, low ADL) and P174 (black seed, high ADL) to identify markers with tight linkage to a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for seed ADL content. Fine mapping of the QTL was performed in a backcross population comprising 872 BC(1)F(2) plants from a cross of an F(7) RIL from the above-mentioned population, which was heterozygous for this major QTL and P174. A 3:1 phenotypic segregation for seed ADL content indicated that a single, dominant, major locus causes a substantial reduction in ADL. This locus was successively narrowed to 0.75 cM using in silico markers derived from a homologous Brassica rapa sequence contig spanning the QTL. Subsequently, we located a B. rapa orthologue of the key lignin biosynthesis gene CINNAMOYL CO-A REDUCTASE 1 (CCR1) only 600 kbp (0.75 cM) upstream of the nearest linked marker. Sequencing of PCR amplicons, covering the full-length coding sequences of Bna.CCR1 homologues, revealed a locus in P174 whose sequence corresponds to the Brassica oleracea wild-type allele from chromosome C8. In GH06, however, this allele is replaced by a homologue derived from chromosome A9 that contains a loss-of-function frameshift mutation in exon 1. Genetic and physical map data infer that this loss-of-function allele has replaced a functional Bna.CCR1 locus on chromosome C8 in GH06 by homoeologous non-reciprocal translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liezhao Liu
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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17
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Jiang J, Wang J, Li A, Zhang Y, Sokolov V, Wang Y. Proteomic differences in seed filling between yellow-seeded progeny of Brassica napus-Sinapis alba (Brassicaceae) and black-seeded parent B. napus. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Molecular cloning and characterization of a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene from purple-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:295-302. [PMID: 21603861 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H: EC 1.14.13.21) is an important enzyme which determines the hydroxylation pattern of anthocyanins. In this study, the full-length cDNA and genomic DNA of F3'H were isolated and characterized from the purple-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). IbF3''H was 1,789 bp containing a 1,554 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 518 amino acids. Comparative and bioinformatic analysis revealed that IbF3'H was highly homologous with F3'Hs from other plant species. Conserved domain search revealed that IbF3'H was a cytochrome P450 dependent enzyme. Three F3'H-specific motifs (V75VVAAS80, G427GEK430 and V433DVKG437) were conserved in IbF3'H. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that IbF3'H was clustered into the same subgroup with the homologues from I. purpurea, I. tricolor and I. nil. There were multiple copies of the IbF3'H gene in the genome of I. batatas. IbF3'H was constitutively expressed in all tested tissues including fibrous roots, thick roots, storage roots, stems and leaves. During storage root formation, IbF3'H was expressed most abundantly in the storage roots, suggesting that the anthocyanin biosynthesis is also active in the under-ground organs. IbF3'H expression was associated with anthocyanin accumulation in five different sweet potato cultivars tested. Complementative analysis implied that the full-length cDNA of IbF3'H could encode a functional protein and had a special catalytic activity of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase.
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Amor ILB, Hehn A, Guedon E, Ghedira K, Engasser JM, Chekir-Ghedrira L, Ghoul M. Biotransformation of Naringenin to Eriodictyol by Saccharomyces cerevisiea Functionally Expressing Flavonoid 3′ Hydroxylase. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000501211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase the biological activities of flavonoids and to enhance their stability and solubility by functionalization reactions (polymerization, esterification, alkylation, glycosylation and acylation), an increase in the number of hydroxyl groups in these molecules is needed. Hydroxylation reactions may be achieved using either chemical or enzymatic methods, the latter being more highly specific than the former. In our study, the flavonoid 3′ hydroxylase (F3′H) from Gerbera hybrid, functionally expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was used to hydroxylate naringenin (the first flavonoid core synthesized in plants). Furthermore, we studied factors that may affect naringenin hydroxylation by recombinant cell-like yeast growth on selective or rich media and plasmid stability. The whole recombinant cells hydroxylated naringenin at position 3′ to give eriodictyol. In a selective media, the yeast failed to grow to high cell densities (maximum 5 g/L), but the plasmid stability was nearly 90 %, and naringenin hydroxylation reached 100 %. In a rich complex media, the biomass reached 10 g/L, but the yield of naringenin hydroxylation reached only 71 %, and the plasmid stability decreased. When yeast functionally expressing F3′H from Gerbera hybrid was used, in a selective media, 200 mg/L of eriodictyol from naringenin was produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilef Limem-Ben Amor
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des biomolécules, Nancy-Université, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, B.P. 172, F-54505, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Alain Hehn
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, Nancy-Université, INRA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, B.P. 172, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuel Guedon
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, Nancy-Université, CNRS, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, B.P. 172, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- Laboratoire de Biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Marc Engasser
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des biomolécules, Nancy-Université, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, B.P. 172, F-54505, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Leila Chekir-Ghedrira
- Laboratoire de Biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ghoul
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des biomolécules, Nancy-Université, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, B.P. 172, F-54505, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Isolation and characterization of gene encoding G protein α subunit protein responsive to plant hormones and abiotic stresses in Brassica napus. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:3957-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen L, Ren F, Zhong H, Feng Y, Jiang W, Li X. Identification and expression analysis of genes in response to high-salinity and drought stresses in Brassica napus. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2010; 42:154-64. [PMID: 20119627 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmp113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High salinity and drought are the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect plant growth and agricultural productivity. To investigate genes that are involved in response to abiotic stresses in Brassica napus, a comprehensive survey of genes induced by high-salinity and drought stresses was done by macroarray analysis. In total, 536 clones were identified to be putative high-salinity-or drought-responsive genes. Among them, 172 and 288 clones are detected to be putative high-salinity- and drought-inducible genes, whereas 141 and 189 are candidates for high-salinity- and drought-suppressed genes, respectively. The functional classification of these genes are indicated that belonged to gene families encoding metabolic enzymes, regulatory factors, components of signal transduction, hormone responses, some abiotic stresses-related proteins, and other processes related to growth and development of B. napus. From the upregulated candidate genes, some interested genes were further demonstrated to be high-salinity- or/and drought-induced expression by real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The experimental results also revealed that some genes may function in abscisic acid-dependent signaling pathway related to drought or salinity stress. Collectively, the data presented in this study will facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanism of B. napus in response to high-salinity and drought stresses, and also provide us the basis of effective genetic engineering strategies for improving stress tolerance of B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Auger B, Baron C, Lucas MO, Vautrin S, Bergès H, Chalhoub B, Fautrel A, Renard M, Nesi N. Brassica orthologs from BANYULS belong to a small multigene family, which is involved in procyanidin accumulation in the seed. PLANTA 2009; 230:1167-83. [PMID: 19760260 PMCID: PMC2764081 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-1017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As part of a research programme focused on flavonoid biosynthesis in the seed coat of Brassica napus L. (oilseed rape), orthologs of the BANYULS gene that encoded anthocyanidin reductase were cloned in B. napus as well as in the related species Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. B. napus genome contained four functional copies of BAN, two originating from each diploid progenitor. Amino acid sequences were highly conserved between the Brassicaceae including B. napus, B. rapa, B. oleracea as well as the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Along the 200 bp in 5' of the ATG codon, Bna.BAN promoters (ProBna.BAN) were conserved with AtANR promoter and contained putative cis-acting elements. In addition, transgenic Arabidopsis and oilseed rape plants carrying the first 230 bp of ProBna.BAN fused to the UidA reporter gene were generated. In the two Brassicaceae backgrounds, ProBna.BAN activity was restricted to the seed coat. In B. napus seed, ProBna.BAN was activated in procyanidin-accumulating cells, namely the innermost layer of the inner integument and the micropyle-chalaza area. At the transcriptional level, the four Bna.BAN genes were expressed in the seed. Laser microdissection assays of the seed integuments showed that Bna.BAN expression was restricted to the inner integument, which was consistent with the activation profile of ProBna.BAN. Finally, Bna.BAN genes were mapped onto oilseed rape genetic maps and potential co-localisations with seed colour quantitative trait loci are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/enzymology
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Biflavonoids/metabolism
- Brassica/enzymology
- Brassica/genetics
- Brassica/metabolism
- Brassica napus/enzymology
- Brassica napus/genetics
- Brassica napus/metabolism
- Brassica rapa/enzymology
- Brassica rapa/genetics
- Brassica rapa/metabolism
- Catechin/metabolism
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Plant/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genome, Plant
- Glucuronidase/genetics
- Glucuronidase/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/classification
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/genetics
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Proanthocyanidins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Seeds/genetics
- Seeds/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Bathilde Auger
- UMR118 Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université Rennes1, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Baron
- UMR118 Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université Rennes1, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Odile Lucas
- UMR118 Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université Rennes1, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Sonia Vautrin
- Centre National de Ressources en Génomique Végétale (CNRGV), INRA, Chemin de Borde Rouge, BP 52627, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène Bergès
- Centre National de Ressources en Génomique Végétale (CNRGV), INRA, Chemin de Borde Rouge, BP 52627, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Boulos Chalhoub
- UMR1165 Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, INRA, CNRS, Université d’Evry, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5708, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Alain Fautrel
- IFR140 Biogenouest Plate-forme d’Histopathologie, U620 INSERM, Université Rennes1, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Michel Renard
- UMR118 Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université Rennes1, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Nesi
- UMR118 Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université Rennes1, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
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Lin HH, Huang LF, Su HC, Jeng ST. Effects of the multiple polyadenylation signal AAUAAA on mRNA 3'-end formation and gene expression. PLANTA 2009; 230:699-712. [PMID: 19597839 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-0977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyadenylation (poly(A)) of eukaryotic mRNA is a critical step for gene expression. In plants, poly(A) signals leading to the formation of polyadenosine tails after mRNAs include the far upstream elements, the AAUAAA-like signals, and the mRNA cleavage sites for poly(A). Multiple AAUAAA signals leading to alternative polyadenosine formation have been found in many genes, but the effects of each AAUAAA signal on gene expression remain to be uncovered. A DNA fragment, whose transcript contains two canonical AAUAAA signals from the 3'-untranslation region of endochitinase gene of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. W38), was mutated and constructed into the downstream of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) coding region. Transient expression of GUS gene from these constructs indicated that the distal AAUAAA signal from the stop codon was more important than the proximal one in stimulating gene expression. Also, the sequence rather than the distance between the stop codon and the AAUAAA signal region was critical for gene expression. Transgenic tobaccos with these constructs were also generated, and the position of the polyadenosine tail formation in this region was mapped. Results revealed that both AAUAAA signals were functional, and that polyadenosine tails of most transcripts were directed by the distal AAUAAA signal. Finally, the RNA stabilities of these variants in transgenic plants were measured. RNAs from the variants with the functional distal AAUAAA signal were more stable than those with the functional proximal one only. The possible secondary structure in this poly(A) signal region was predicted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Molecular cloning and characterization of twoBrassica napus TTG1 genes reveal genus-specific nucleotide preference, extreme protein-level conservation and fast divergence of organ-specificity. Genes Genomics 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03191146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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TRANSPARENT TESTA 12 genes from Brassica napus and parental species: cloning, evolution, and differential involvement in yellow seed trait. Mol Genet Genomics 2008; 281:109-23. [PMID: 19018571 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-008-0399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dissection of the Brassica yellow seed trait has been the subject of intense investigation. Arabidopsis thaliana TRANSPARENT TESTA 12 (AtTT12) encodes a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter involved in seed coat pigmentation. Two, one, and one full-length TT12 genes were isolated from B. napus, B. oleracea, and B. rapa, respectively, and Southern hybridization confirmed these gene numbers, implying loss of some of the triplicated TT12 genes in Brassica. BnTT12-1, BnTT12-2, BoTT12, and BrTT12 are 2,714, 3,062, 4,760, and 2,716 bp, with the longest mRNAs of 1,749, 1,711, 1,739, and 1,752 bp, respectively. All genes contained alternative transcriptional start and polyadenylation sites. BrTT12 and BoTT12 are the progenitors of BnTT12-1 and BnTT12-2, respectively, validating B. napus as an amphidiploid. All Brassica TT12 proteins displayed high levels of identity (>99%) to each other and to AtTT12 (>92%). Brassica TT12 genes resembled AtTT12 in such basic features as MatE/NorM CDs, subcellular localization, transmembrane helices, and phosphorylation sites. Plant TT12 orthologs differ from other MATE proteins by two specific motifs. Like AtTT12, all Brassica TT12 genes are most highly expressed in developing seeds. However, a range of organ specificity was observed with BnTT12 genes being less organ-specific. TT12 expression is absent in B. rapa yellow-seeded line 06K124, but not downregulated in B. oleracea yellow-seeded line 06K165. In B. napus yellow-seeded line L2, BnTT12-2 expression is absent, whereas BnTT12-1 is expressed normally. Among Brassica species, TT12 genes are differentially related to the yellow seed trait. The molecular basis for the yellow seed trait, in Brassica, and the theoretical and practical implications of the highly variable intron 1 of these TT12 genes are discussed.
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Nesi N, Delourme R, Brégeon M, Falentin C, Renard M. Genetic and molecular approaches to improve nutritional value of Brassica napus L. seed. C R Biol 2008; 331:763-71. [PMID: 18926490 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a major oil crop that also supplies proteins for the feed industry. In order to reduce total cost production, the objective is to increase oil yield while reducing crop inputs (especially nitrogen and pesticides). Concomitantly, it is necessary to anticipate specific uses (e.g., fatty acid composition) and to ensure the valorisation of the by-products (rapeseed meal). By the past, improvement of seed quality focused on fatty acid balance and low seed glucosinolate content. Current goals include the breeding of yellow-seeded rapeseed lines with high content of seed oil. The use of molecular tools and the exploitation of Arabidopsis knowledge will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Nesi
- INRA-Agrocampus Rennes-University of Rennes1 Joint Laboratory, UMR118, Plant Genetics and Biotechnologies, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu cedex, France.
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Production of phenylpropanoid compounds by recombinant microorganisms expressing plant-specific biosynthesis genes. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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