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Hu Y, Guy RD, Soolanayakanahally RY. Nitrogen isotope discrimination in open-pollinated and hybrid canola suggests indirect selection for enhanced ammonium utilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1024080. [PMID: 36438099 PMCID: PMC9691982 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1024080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen isotope discrimination (Δ15N) may have utility as an indicator of nitrogen use in plants. A simple Δ15N-based isotope mass balance (IMB) model has been proposed to provide estimates of efflux/influx (E/I) ratios across root plasma membranes, the proportion of inorganic nitrogen assimilation in roots (P root) and translocation of inorganic nitrogen to shoots (Ti/Tt) under steady-state conditions. We used the IMB model to investigate whether direct selection for yield in canola (Brassica napus L.) has resulted in indirect selection in traits related to nitrogen use. We selected 23 canola lines developed from 1942 to 2017, including open-pollinated (OP) lines developed prior to 2005 as well as more recent commercial hybrids (CH), and in three separate experiments grew them under hydroponic conditions in a greenhouse with either 0.5 mM ammonium, 0.5 mM nitrate, or 5 mM nitrate. Across all lines, E/I, Proot and Ti/Tt averaged 0.09±0.03, 0.82±0.05 and 0.23±0.06 in the low nitrate experiment, and 0.31±0.06, 0.71±0.07 and 0.42±0.12 in the high nitrate experiment, respectively. In contrast, in the ammonium experiment average E/I was 0.40±0.05 while Ti/Tt averaged 0.07±0.04 and Proot averaged 0.97±0.02. Although there were few consistent differences between OP and CH under nitrate nutrition, commercial hybrids were collectively better able to utilize ammonium as their sole nitrogen source, demonstrating significantly greater overall biomass and a lower Proot and a higher Ti/Tt, suggesting a somewhat greater flux of ammonium to the shoot. Average root and whole-plant Δ15N were also slightly higher in CH lines, suggesting a small increase in E/I. An increased ability to tolerate and/or utilize ammonium in modern canola hybrids may have arisen under intensive mono-cropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert D. Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Zhou J, Yang LY, Jia CL, Shi WG, Deng SR, Luo ZB. Identification and Functional Prediction of Poplar Root circRNAs Involved in Treatment With Different Forms of Nitrogen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:941380. [PMID: 35874008 PMCID: PMC9305699 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.941380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNA molecules with ring structures formed by covalent bonds and are commonly present in organisms, playing an important regulatory role in plant growth and development. However, the mechanism of circRNAs in poplar root responses to different forms of nitrogen (N) is still unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to identify and predict the function of circRNAs in the roots of poplar exposed to three N forms [1 mM NO3 - (T1), 0.5 mM NH4NO3 (T2, control) and 1 mM NH4 + (T3)]. A total of 2,193 circRNAs were identified, and 37, 24 and 45 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were screened in the T1-T2, T3-T2 and T1-T3 comparisons, respectively. In addition, 30 DECs could act as miRNA sponges, and several of them could bind miRNA family members that play key roles in response to different N forms, indicating their important functions in response to N and plant growth and development. Furthermore, we generated a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network in poplar roots treated with three N forms. DECs could participate in responses to N in poplar roots through the ceRNA regulatory network, which mainly included N metabolism, amino acid metabolism and synthesis, response to NO3 - or NH4 + and remobilization of N. Together, these results provide new insights into the potential role of circRNAs in poplar root responses to different N forms.
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Chen C, Chu Y, Huang Q, Zhang W, Ding C, Zhang J, Li B, Zhang T, Li Z, Su X. Morphological, physiological, and transcriptional responses to low nitrogen stress in Populus deltoides Marsh. clones with contrasting nitrogen use efficiency. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:697. [PMID: 34579659 PMCID: PMC8474845 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitrogen (N) is one of the main factors limiting the wood yield in poplar cultivation. Understanding the molecular mechanism of N utilization could play a guiding role in improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of poplar. Results In this study, three N-efficient genotypes (A1-A3) and three N-inefficient genotypes (C1-C3) of Populus deltoides were cultured under low N stress (5 μM NH4NO3) and normal N supply (750 μM NH4NO3). The dry matter mass, leaf morphology, and chlorophyll content of both genotypes decreased under N starvation. The low nitrogen adaptation coefficients of the leaves and stems biomass of group A were significantly higher than those of group C (p < 0.05). Interestingly, N starvation induced fine root growth in group A, but not in group C. Next, a detailed time-course analysis of enzyme activities and gene expression in leaves identified 2062 specifically differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in group A and 1118 in group C. Moreover, the sensitivity to N starvation of group A was weak, and DEGs related to hormone signal transduction and stimulus response played an important role in the low N response this group. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified genes related to membranes, catalytic activity, enzymatic activity, and response to stresses that might be critical for poplar’s adaption to N starvation and these genes participated in the negative regulation of various biological processes. Finally, ten influential hub genes and twelve transcription factors were identified in the response to N starvation. Among them, four hub genes were related to programmed cell death and the defense response, and PodelWRKY18, with high connectivity, was involved in plant signal transduction. The expression of hub genes increased gradually with the extension of low N stress time, and the expression changes in group A were more obvious than those in group C. Conclusions Under N starvation, group A showed stronger adaptability and better NUE than group C in terms of morphology and physiology. The discovery of hub genes and transcription factors might provide new information for the analysis of the molecular mechanism of NUE and its improvement in poplar. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07991-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yanguang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Qinjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Tengqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China. .,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Trace Element Concentration and Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis in Blueberries and Bilberries: A Tool for Quality and Authenticity Control. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030567. [PMID: 33803219 PMCID: PMC7998916 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinium genus berries—wild bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and cultivated highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)—are consumed worldwide, and their consumption has a trend of stable increase. Thus, considering their wide use in ethnomedicine, for juice and jam production, as functional food, as well as their use in preparations of extracts which have application potential in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, studies regarding the composition of these berries are of special importance. The aim of this study is to characterise the elemental and isotopic composition, as well as variation in element concentration in bilberries gathered from different sites in Northern Europe and in commercially available blueberry samples from across the World. Furthermore, our aim was to develop tools for authenticity and quality control of these berries. The elemental composition of berries was analysed using inductively coupled plasma with optical emission detection (ICP-OED), while isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) was used for the determination of isotope ratio values. The results demonstrated detectable differences between macro- and microelement values in bilberries. IRMS analysis of blueberries revealed significant differences in isotope ratios based on the place of origin, indicating the possibility to use this analytical method for authenticity testing. In none of the samples, pollution was detected, even though there were indications of different growth conditions and geochemical differences affecting bilberry composition.
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Hu Y, Guy RD. Isotopic composition and concentration of total nitrogen and nitrate in xylem sap under near steady-state hydroponics. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2112-2123. [PMID: 32463123 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
After root uptake, nitrate is effluxed back to the medium, assimilated locally, or translocated to shoots. Rooted black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) scions were supplied with a NO3- -based (0.5 mM) nutrient medium of known isotopic composition (δ15 N), and xylem sap was collected by pressure bombing. To establish a sampling protocol, sap was collected from lower and upper stem sections at 0.1-0.2 MPa above the balancing pressure, and after increasing the pressure by a further 0.5 MPa. Xylem sap from upper stem sections was partially diluted at higher pressure. Further analysis was restricted to sap obtained from intact shoots at low pressure. Total-, NO3- -N and, by difference, organic-N concentrations ranged from 6.1-11.0, 1.2-2.4, and 4.6-9.4 mM, while discrimination relative to the nutrient medium was -6.3 to 0.5‰, -23.3 to -11.5‰ and - 1.3 to 4.9‰, respectively. There was diurnal variation in δ15 N of total- and organic-N, but not NO3- . The difference in δ15 N between xylem NO3- and organic-N suggests that discrimination by nitrate reductase is near 25.1 ± 1.6‰. When this value was used in an isotope mass balance model, the predicted xylem sap NO3- -N to total-N ratio closely matched direct measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert D Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Aranda I, Bahamonde HA, Sánchez-Gómez D. Intra-population variability in the drought response of a beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) population in the southwest of Europe. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:938-949. [PMID: 28595309 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic variability within forest species populations is considered of special relevance for local adaptation under new environments, albeit it has been analyzed to a lesser extent than inter-population phenotypic variability. A common garden study was carried out to assess phenotypic variability in response to water stress in half-sibling families from a marginal population of Fagus sylvatica L. at its south-western range edge distribution in Europe. Two irrigation regimes were applied, well-watered (WW) seedlings and those submitted to weekly cycles of drying-rewatering of growth media. Seedling growth and their leaf functional traits were recorded during the last cycle of water stress. Most of the phenotypic changes were explained by phenotypic plasticity in response to water stress, but there was also a significant effect of family in the expression of some of the studied traits. The relationship of carbon isotope fractioning with gas exchange traits across families under WW conditions did not follow the same pattern as the phenotypic trends. The leaf net photosynthesis across families was modified by the nitrogen content on a leaf mass basis that was in turn correlated positively with leaf nitrogen isotope fractionation. The results point to an important role of leaf nitrogen in determining the intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE) across families. Variation in WUE was ruled mainly by control of stomatal conductance to water vapor under water stress, but by leaf net photosynthesis under wet conditions. Relatively high inter-family phenotypic variability in growth and functional traits were observed. Within-population phenotypic variability, and the plasticity of some of the studied traits, is of fundamental importance to cope with the harsher environments beech will have to endure in the future at different points in its distribution range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Aranda
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Tecnologías Agroalimentarias (INIA), Centro de Investigación Forestal, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector A Bahamonde
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - David Sánchez-Gómez
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Tecnologías Agroalimentarias (INIA), Centro de Investigación Forestal, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla La Mancha (IRIAF), Centro de Investigación Agroforestal de Albaladejito (CIAF), Carretera Toledo-Cuenca, km 174, 16194 Cuenca, Spain
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