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Liu Y, Wu Y, Jia Y, Ren F, Zhou S. Effect of GABA combined with ultrasound stress germination treatment on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of highland barley. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38979987 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) combined with ultrasonic stress germination (AUG) treatment on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of highland barley (HB). Key variables, including germination times (ranging from 0 to 96 h), ultrasonic power (200-500 W), and GABA concentration (5-20 mmol/L), were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to enhance the enrichment of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, the study assessed the content, composition, and antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds in HB under various treatment conditions such as germination alone (G), ultrasonic stress germination (UG), and AUG treatment. RESULTS The study identified optimal conditions for the phenolic enrichment of HB, which included a germination time of 60 h, an ultrasound power of 300 W, and a GABA concentration of 15 mmol L-1. Under these conditions, the total phenolic content (TPC) in HB was measured at 7.73 milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram dry weight (mg GAE/g DW), representing a 34.96% enhancement compared to untreated HB. Notably, all treatment modalities - G, UG, and AUG - significantly increased the phenolic content and antioxidant activity in HB, with the AUG treatment proving to be the most effective. CONCLUSION These obtained results suggest that AUG treatment is a promising processing method for enriching phenolic compounds and improving antioxidant activity in HB. Subsequently, the AUG-treated HB can be used to develop phenolic-rich germinated functional foods to further broaden the application of HB. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Yuanqiang Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Feiyue Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Sumei Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
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Qian Z, Lu L, Zihan W, Qianyue B, Chungang Z, Shuheng Z, Jiali P, Jiaxin Y, Shuang Z, Jian W. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) improves salinity stress tolerance in soybean seedlings by modulating their mineral nutrition, osmolyte contents, and ascorbate-glutathione cycle. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:365. [PMID: 38706002 PMCID: PMC11071273 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, GABA plays a critical role in regulating salinity stress tolerance. However, the response of soybean seedlings (Glycine max L.) to exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) under saline stress conditions has not been fully elucidated. RESULTS This study investigated the effects of exogenous GABA (2 mM) on plant biomass and the physiological mechanism through which soybean plants are affected by saline stress conditions (0, 40, and 80 mM of NaCl and Na2SO4 at a 1:1 molar ratio). We noticed that increased salinity stress negatively impacted the growth and metabolism of soybean seedlings, compared to control. The root-stem-leaf biomass (27- and 33%, 20- and 58%, and 25- and 59% under 40- and 80 mM stress, respectively]) and the concentration of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b significantly decreased. Moreover, the carotenoid content increased significantly (by 35%) following treatment with 40 mM stress. The results exhibited significant increase in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) oxidized glutathione (GSSG), Na+, and Cl- under 40- and 80 mM stress levels, respectively. However, the concentration of mineral nutrients, soluble proteins, and soluble sugars reduced significantly under both salinity stress levels. In contrast, the proline and glycine betaine concentrations increased compared with those in the control group. Moreover, the enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase decreased significantly, while those of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase increased following saline stress, indicating the overall sensitivity of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH). However, exogenous GABA decreased Na+, Cl-, H2O2, and MDA concentration but enhanced photosynthetic pigments, mineral nutrients (K+, K+/Na+ ratio, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+); osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, soluble sugar, and soluble protein); enzymatic antioxidant activities; and AsA-GSH pools, thus reducing salinity-associated stress damage and resulting in improved growth and biomass. The positive impact of exogenously applied GABA on soybean plants could be attributed to its ability to improve their physiological stress response mechanisms and reduce harmful substances. CONCLUSION Applying GABA to soybean plants could be an effective strategy for mitigating salinity stress. In the future, molecular studies may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which GABA regulates salt tolerance in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Liu Lu
- School of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Wei Zihan
- School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bai Qianyue
- School of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Zhao Chungang
- School of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Zhang Shuheng
- School of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Pan Jiali
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Yu Jiaxin
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Zhang Shuang
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Wei Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
- School of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
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Hosseini M, Saidi A, Maali-Amiri R, Khosravi-Nejad F, Abbasi A. Low-temperature acclimation related with developmental regulations of polyamines and ethylene metabolism in wheat recombinant inbred lines. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108198. [PMID: 38008007 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Winter survival is determined by complicated developmental regulations enabling wheat to adjust their transcriptome and metabolome to develop low temperature (LT) tolerance. The aim of the study was to clarify the metabolic responses developmentally regulated in six F6 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between Pishtaz (spring parent) and Mironovskaya 808 (winter parent). Spring genotypes, including pishtaz, RILs 4006 and 4014 showed lower LT tolerance, PAs (except the spermin), GABA and proline contents and DPPH• scavenging capacity. In these genotypes, genes and enzymes involved in the pathways of PAs and GABA degradation and ethylene biosynthesis were more active than other genotypes. RILs 4012 and 4016 with short vernalization displayed higher tolerance and lower H2O2 content compared to Pishtaz. Strong vernalization requirements in winter and facultative genotypes (Mironovskaya 808 parent and RILs 4003 and 4005) results in up-regulation of the metabolites and genes involved in PAs and GABA biosynthesis pathways (particularly when vernalization fulfillment occurred) to establish high tolerance as compared to genotypes without vernalization requirement. LT tolerance in all genotypes significantly decreased after vernalization fulfillment in February. Results indicated that LT tolerance was partly validated from developmental regulation of PAs, GABA, and ethylene metabolism during venalization and LT acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Saidi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Maali-Amiri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran.
| | | | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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Saeed S, Ullah A, Ullah S, Elshikh MS, Noor J, Eldin SM, Zeng F, Amin F, Ali MA, Ali I. Salicylic Acid and α-Tocopherol Ameliorate Salinity Impact on Wheat. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26122-26135. [PMID: 37521660 PMCID: PMC10373184 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Soil salinity negatively impacts agricultural productivity. Consequently, strategies should be developed to inculcate a salinity tolerance in crops for sustainable food production. Growth regulators play a vital role in regulating salinity stress tolerance. Methods: Thus, we examined the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and alpha-tocopherol (TP) (100 mg/L) on the morphophysio-biochemical responses of two wheat cultivars (Pirsabak-15 and Shankar) to salinity stress (0 and 40 mM). Results: Both Pirsabak-15 and Shankar cultivars were negatively affected by salinity stress. For instance, salinity reduced growth attributes (i.e., leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf moisture content, leaf area ratio, shoot and root dry weight, shoot and root length, as well as root-shoot ratio), pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a, and carotenoids) but increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and endogenous TP in both cultivars. Among the antioxidant enzymes, salinity enhanced the activity of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in Pirsabak-15; glutathione reductase (GR) and PPO in Shankar, while ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) was present in both cultivars. SA and TP could improve the salinity tolerance by improving growth and photosynthetic pigments and reducing MDA and H2O2. In general, the exogenous application did not have a positive effect on antioxidant enzymes; however, it increased PPO in Pirsabak-15 and SOD in the Shankar cultivar. Conclusions: Consequently, we suggest that SA and TP could have enhanced the salinity tolerance of our selected wheat cultivars by modulating their physiological mechanisms in a manner that resulted in improved growth. Future molecular studies can contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which SA and TP regulate the selected wheat cultivars underlying salinity tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Saeed
- Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang
Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Root Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Cele
National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland
Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javaria Noor
- Department
of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, KP 19650, Pakistan
| | - Sayed M. Eldin
- Center
of
Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future
University in Egypt, New Cairo 18939, Egypt
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang
Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Root Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Cele
National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland
Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Fazal Amin
- Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Ali
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Center
for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University
of Swat, Charbagh 19120, Pakistan
- Department
of Genetics and Development, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York,New York 10032, United States
- School
of Life Sciences & Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Ullah A, Ali I, Noor J, Zeng F, Bawazeer S, Eldin SM, Asghar MA, Javed HH, Saleem K, Ullah S, Ali H. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mitigated salinity-induced impairments in mungbean plants by regulating their nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant potential. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1081188. [PMID: 36743556 PMCID: PMC9897288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing soil salinization has a detrimental effect on agricultural productivity.Therefore, strategies are needed to induce salinity-tolerance in crop species for sustainable foodproduction. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a key role in regulating plant salinity stresstolerance. However, it remains largely unknown how mungbean plants (Vigna radiata L.) respondto exogenous GABA under salinity stress. METHODS Thus, we evaluated the effect of exogenous GABA (1.5 mM) on the growth and physiobiochemicalresponse mechanism of mungbean plants to saline stress (0-, 50-, and 100 mM [NaCland Na2SO4, at a 1:1 molar ratio]). RESULTS Increased saline stress adversely affected mungbean plants' growth and metabolism. Forinstance, leaf-stem-root biomass (34- and 56%, 31- and 53%, and 27- and 56% under 50- and 100mM, respectively]) and chlorophyll concentrations declined. The carotenoid level increased (10%)at 50 mM and remained unaffected at 100 mM. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde(MDA), osmolytes (soluble sugars, soluble proteins, proline), total phenolic content, andenzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase(POD), glutathione reductase (GTR), and polyphenol oxidation (PPO) were significantlyincreased. In leaves, salinity caused a significant increase in Na+ concentration but a decrease inK+ concentration, resulting in a low K+/Na+ concentration (51- and 71% under 50- and 100- mMstress). Additionally, nitrogen concentration and the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) andglutamine synthetase (GS) decreased significantly. The reduction in glutamate synthase (GOGAT)activity was only significant (65%) at 100 mM stress. Exogenous GABA decreased Na+, H2O2,and MDA concentrations but enhanced photosynthetic pigments, K+ and K+/Na+ ratio, Nmetabolism, osmolytes, and enzymatic antioxidant activities, thus reducing salinity-associatedstress damages, resulting in improved growth and biomass. CONCLUSION Exogenous GABA may have improved the salinity tolerance of mungbean plants by maintaining their morpho-physiological responses and reducing the accumulation of harmfulsubstances under salinity. Future molecular studies can contribute to a better understanding of themolecular mechanisms by which GABA regulates mungbean salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Root Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh Swat, Pakistan
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Javaria Noor
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Root Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2 Brunszvik St. Martonvásár, Hungary
| | | | - Khansa Saleem
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ali
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh Swat, Pakistan
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Wu T, Li H, Li J, Hao J. Nutrient Composition of Germinated Foxtail Millet Flour Treated with Mixed Salt Solution and Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010075. [PMID: 36613291 PMCID: PMC9818339 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Germination of millet can improve its consumption quality, optimize its nutritional composition, and promote the accumulation of functional components such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the present study, foxtail millet was germinated with tap water, a mixed salt solution of 7.5 mmol/L NaCl and 15 mmol/L CaCl2, and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) with three available chlorine concentrations (ACCs; 10.92, 20.25, and 30.35 mg/L). The effects of the salt solution and SAEW on the germination of foxtail millet and the GABA, crude protein, and amino acid composition of the germinated millet flour were analyzed. The results showed that the salt solution and SAEW treatments promoted the growth of millet sprouts, contributed to the accumulation of GABA in germinated millet flour, and optimized the protein and amino acid composition. The GABA content of germinated foxtail millet flour treated with salt solution for 60 h (336.52 mg/100 g) was 29.5 times higher than that of ungerminated millet flour. In conclusion, the highest GABA content and amino acid scores of germinated millet flour obtained by germination treatment with salt solution at 25 °C and 86% humidity for 60 h were more acceptable for human nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjiao Wu
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Huiying Li
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Jianxiong Hao
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
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Chen X, Li N, Liu C, Wang H, Li Y, Xie Y, Ma F, Liang J, Li C. Exogenous GABA improves the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress by enhancing GABA shunt and secondary cell wall biosynthesis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2563-2577. [PMID: 35972819 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is an important factor limiting apple production. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) exists widely in plants and participates in the response to abiotic stress as a metabolite or signaling molecule. The role of exogenous GABA in apple plants, response to long-term drought stress remains unclear. Our study confirmed that exogenous GABA affects the drought resistance of apple plants under long-term drought stress. We found that 1 mM exogenous GABA improved the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress. The plants showed better growth, less reactive oxygen radical accumulation, less damage to cell membranes and greater active photosynthetic capacity. Under long-term drought stress, exogenous GABA facilitated GABA shunt, resulting in more accumulation of organic acids, namely citric acid, succinic acid and malic acid, in roots and stems of apple seedlings. In addition, exogenous GABA upregulated the expression of cellulose-related genes and lignin-related genes, and activated secondary cell wall-related transcription factors to synthesize more cellulose and lignin. A multiple factorial analysis confirmed that the GABA shunt and the biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin substantially contributed to the growth of apple seedlings with the application of exogenous GABA under long-term drought stress. Our results suggested that exogenous GABA improved the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress by enhancing GABA shunt and secondary cell wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuanmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiakai Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Yin Y, Hu J, Tian X, Yang Z, Fang W. Nitric oxide mediates melatonin-induced isoflavone accumulation and growth improvement in germinating soybeans under NaCl stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 279:153855. [PMID: 36335894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in exogenous melatonin (MT)-induced isoflavone accumulation and growth improvement in NaCl-stressed soybeans was investigated in this study. The results demonstrated that MT increased the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and upregulated the relative expression of NR1, NR2, and nitric oxide synthase1, which subsequently led to an increase in NO content. MT and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as an NO donor) markedly increased isoflavone content by enhancing the activities of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and by upregulating gene expression of C4H, Isoflavone synthase, PAL, and Chalcone isomerase 1A, which are involved in isoflavone biosynthesis. Moreover, MT, as well as SNP, improved the growth and biomass of NaCl-treated soybeans by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, and reducing the accumulation of H2O2 and O2•- in soybeans under NaCl stress. These MT-induced responses were entirely reversed by the supply of 4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO, a specific scavenger of NO), which in turn considerably decreased endogenous NO content. These results suggest that NO acts as an important downstream signal molecule, mediating MT-induced isoflavone accumulation and growth improvement in NaCl-stressed soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Jingjing Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Weiming Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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Chakraborty S, Singh A, Roychoudhury A. Extensive cross-talk among stress-regulated protective metabolites, biogenic-amines and phytohormone-signalling, co-ordinated by dopamine-mediated seed-priming, governs tolerance against fluoride stress in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:2261-2278. [PMID: 36040502 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed priming with dopamine reduced fluoride bioaccumulation, induced endogenous dopamine level, thereby orchestrating phytohormone homeostasis and biogenic amine metabolism, and modulating osmolyte and antioxidant machinery to enhance fluoride tolerance in rice. The aim of this study was to decipher the efficacy of seed priming with dopamine in curtailing the adverse impacts of fluoride toxicity in rice seedlings. Fluoride-stressed seedlings exhibited severe growth retardation, high fluoride bioaccumulation, electrolyte leakage and marked cellular injuries. Dopamine priming stimulated the overall physiological growth parameters during stress, via reduced formation of H2O2, malondialdehyde and methylglyoxal, due to lesser fluoride-accumulation. Fluoride stress-induced endogenous dopamine level was further induced upon dopamine priming, marked by the up regulated DOPA decarboxylase expression. Additionally, dopamine treatment led to escalated activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the stressed seedlings, concomitant with altered CAT, SOD and GPX expression. The higher accumulation of protective osmolytes (proline and total amino acids) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, glutathione and carotenoids), upon dopamine priming, during fluoride stress, could be linked with the altered expression pattern of the respective genes. Dopamine promoted active utilization of the biogenic amine (polyamines and ϒ-amino butyric acid) pools for toxicity mitigation, correlated with the modulation of the concerned enzyme activity and gene expression. Dopamine stimulated the accumulation of phytohormones like gibberellin and salicylic acid, via inducing the biosynthetic genes like gibberellin-3-oxidase (GA3ox) and isochorismate synthase (ICS), respectively, while depreciating the abscisic acid and melatonin level during fluoride stress. To our knowledge, this is the first documented report for the remedial role of dopamine priming against fluoride stress in any plant species. This study will open new arenas in sustainable agriculture for the exploitation of this pulsating biomolecule against fluoride stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnavo Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankur Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India.
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10
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Aljuaid BS, Ashour H. Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Application Mitigates Salinity Stress in Maize Plants. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111860. [PMID: 36430995 PMCID: PMC9697566 DOI: 10.3390/life12111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) on maize seedlings under saline stress conditions has not been well tested in previous literature. Maize seedlings were subjected to two saline water concentrations (50 and 100 mM NaCl), with distilled water as the control. Maize seedlings under saline and control conditions were sprayed with GABA at two concentrations (0.5 and 1 mM). Our results indicated that GABA application (1 mM) significantly enhanced plant growth parameters (fresh shoots and fresh roots by 80.43% and 47.13%, respectively) and leaf pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll by 22.88%, 56.80%, and 36.21%, respectively) compared to untreated seedlings under the highest saline level. Additionally, under 100 mM NaCl, methylglyoxal (MG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxidase (H2O2) were reduced by 1 mM GABA application by 43.66%, 33.40%, and 35.98%, respectively. Moreover, maize seedlings that were treated with 1 mM GABA contained a lower Na content (22.04%) and a higher K content (60.06%), compared to the control under 100 mM NaCl. Peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities were improved (24.62%, 15.98%, 62.13%, and 70.07%, respectively) by the highest GABA rate, under the highest stress level. Seedlings treated with GABA under saline conditions showed higher levels of expression of the potassium transporter protein (ZmHKT1) gene, and lower expression of the ZmSOS1 and ZmNHX1 genes, compared to untreated seedlings. In conclusion, GABA application as a foliar treatment could be a promising strategy to mitigate salinity stress in maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar S. Aljuaid
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (B.S.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Hatem Ashour
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (B.S.A.); (H.A.)
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11
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Yu G, Chen F, Wang Y, Chen Q, Liu H, Tian J, Wang M, Ren C, Zhao Q, Yang F, Sheng Y, Wei J, Zhang Y. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid strengthens phenylpropanoid and nitrogen metabolism to enhance the contents of flavonoids, amino acids, and the derivatives in edamame. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Antifungal Peptide P852 Controls Fusarium Wilt in Faba Bean (Viciafaba L.) by Promoting Antioxidant Defense and Isoquinoline Alkaloid, Betaine, and Arginine Biosyntheses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091767. [PMID: 36139841 PMCID: PMC9495604 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Green pesticides are highly desirable, as they are environmentally friendly and efficient. In this study, the antifungal peptide P852 was employed to suppress Fusarium wilt in the Faba bean. The disease index and a range of physiological and metabolomic analyses were performed to explore the interactions between P852 and the fungal disease. The incidence and disease index of Fusarium wilt were substantially decreased in diseased Faba beans that were treated with two different concentrations of P852 in both the climate chamber and field trial. For the first time, P852 exhibited potent antifungal effects on Fusarium in an open field condition. To explore the mechanisms that underlie P852′s antifungal effects, P852 treatment was found to significantly enhance antioxidant enzyme capacities including guaiacol peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the activities of antifungal enzymes including chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, as well as plant dry and fresh weights, and chlorophyll content compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Metabolomics analysis of the diseased Faba bean treated with P852 showed changes in the TCA cycle, biological pathways, and many primary and secondary metabolites. The Faba bean treated with a low concentration of P852 (1 μg/mL, IC50) led to upregulated arginine and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, whereas those treated with a high concentration of P852 (10 μg/mL, MFC) exhibited enhanced betaine and arginine accumulation. Taken together, these findings suggest that P852 induces plant tolerance under Fusarium attack by enhancing the activities of antioxidant and antifungal enzymes, and restoring plant growth and development.
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13
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Ma Y, Wang P, Gu Z, Sun M, Yang R. Effects of germination on physio-biochemical metabolism and phenolic acids of soybean seeds. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Liu Y, Liu X, Dong X, Yan J, Xie Z, Luo Y. The effect of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 and γ-aminobutyric acid on salt tolerance of Sesbania rostrata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:926850. [PMID: 36046585 PMCID: PMC9423025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress seriously affects plant growth and crop yield, and has become an important factor that threatens the soil quality worldwide. In recent years, the cultivation of salt-tolerant plants such as Sesbania rostrata has a positive effect on improving coastal saline-alkali land. Microbial inoculation and GABA addition have been shown to enhance the plant tolerance in response to the abiotic stresses, but studies in green manure crops and the revelation of related mechanisms are not clear. In this study, the effects of inoculation with Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 and exogenous addition of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA; 200 mg·L-1) on the growth and development of S. rostrata under salt stress were investigated using potting experiments of vermiculite. The results showed that inoculation with ORS571 significantly increased the plant height, biomass, chlorophyll content, proline content (PRO), catalase (CAT) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of S. rostrata and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) level of leaves. The exogenous addition of GABA also increased the height, biomass, and CAT activity and reduced the MDA and PRO level of leaves. In addition, exogenous addition of GABA still had a certain improvement on the CAT activity and chlorophyll content of the ORS571-S. rostrata symbiotic system. In conclusion, ORS571 inoculation and GABA application have a positive effect on improving the salt stress tolerance in S. rostrata, which are closely associated with increasing chlorophyll synthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity and changing the amino acid content. Therefore, it can be used as a potential biological measure to improve the saline-alkali land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Jiaming Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Zhihong Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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15
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Sun Y, Mehmood A, Battino M, Xiao J, Chen X. Enrichment of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in foods: From conventional methods to innovative technologies. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Synthesis of γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Modified Chitooligosaccharide Derivative and Enhancing Salt Resistance of Wheat Seedlings. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103068. [PMID: 35630540 PMCID: PMC9143915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting crop growth and productivity worldwide. Salt stress during germination degenerates crop establishment and declines yield in wheat, therefore alleviating the damage of salt stress to wheat seedlings is crucial. Chitooligosaccharide (COS) was grafted with γ-aminobutyric acid based on the idea of bioactive molecular splicing, and the differences in salt resistance before and after grafting were compared. The expected derivative was successfully synthesized and exhibited better salt resistance-inducing activity than the raw materials. By activating antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and subsequently eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a timely manner, the rate of O−2 production and H2O2 content of wheat seedlings were reduced, and the dynamic balance of free radical metabolism in the plant body was maintained. A significantly reduced MDA content, reduced relative permeability of the cell membrane, and decreased degree of damage to the cell membrane were observed. A significant increase in the content of soluble sugar, maintenance of osmotic regulation and the stability of the cell membrane structure, effective reduction in the salt stress-induced damage to wheat, and the induction of wheat seedling growth were also observed, thereby improving the salt tolerance of wheat seedlings.
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17
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Gu M, Yang J, Tian X, Fang W, Xu J, Yin Y. Enhanced total flavonoid accumulation and alleviated growth inhibition of germinating soybeans by GABA under UV-B stress. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6619-6630. [PMID: 35424610 PMCID: PMC8981559 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Germination of soybeans under ultraviolet-B (UV-B) treatment is a simple and effective way to enrich soybean isoflavones, but its mechanism of action is not yet clear. G-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a signaling molecule that is involved in the accumulation of secondary metabolites as well as the regulation of plant development and metabolism. In this study, the effects of exogenous GABA and its inhibitors on the physiological and biochemical, antioxidant systems, total flavonoid content, activity and gene expression of isoflavone metabolism related enzyme in germinating soybeans under UV-B treatment were investigated. Compared to UV-B treatment alone, soybean treated with GABA (5 mM) in combination with UV-B significantly increased sprout length, fresh weight, Ca2+ inward flow and peroxidase and catalase activities, and decreased malondialdehyde and H2O2 and O2˙− fluorescence intensity, while soybean treated with GABA inhibitor showed the opposite trend. Meanwhile, total flavonoid content increased by 11.2% and 6.7%, respectively, in 2- and 4 day-old soybeans under UV-B treatment, compared to UV-B treatment alone. Moreover, the application of GABA under UV treatment significantly increased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase, with values increasing by 43.6% and 18.5%, respectively, in four-day-old soybean compared to UV treatment alone, which also increased the relative expression of key genes involved in isoflavone metabolism. The GABA inhibitor 3-mercaptopropionic acid blocked these occurrences. According to this research, GABA could operate as a signaling molecule to mediate isoflavone accumulation in soybean sprouts under UV radiation and stimulate soybean sprout growth. Effect of GABA on isoflavone metabolism in soybeans under UV-B treatment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglang Gu
- College of Food Science and Engerning, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yang
- Yangzhou Center for Food and Drug Control, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Food Science and Engerning, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Fang
- College of Food Science and Engerning, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engerning, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Yin
- College of Food Science and Engerning, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
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18
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Liu C, Wang H, Zhang X, Ma F, Guo T, Li C. Activation of the ABA Signal Pathway Mediated by GABA Improves the Drought Resistance of Apple Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312676. [PMID: 34884481 PMCID: PMC8657939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought seriously affects the yield and quality of apples. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in the responses of plants to various stresses. However, the role and possible mechanism of GABA in the drought response of apple seedlings remain unknown. To explore the effect of GABA on apple seedlings under drought stress, seedlings of Malus hupehensis were treated with seven concentrations of GABA, and the response of seedlings under 15-day drought stress was observed. The results showed that 0.5 mM GABA was the most effective at relieving drought stress. Treatment with GABA reduced the relative electrical conductivity and MDA content of leaves induced by drought stress and significantly increased the relative water content of leaves. Exogenous GABA significantly decreased the stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and transpiration rate, and it significantly increased the photosynthetic rate under drought. GABA also reduced the accumulation of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide in leaf tissues under drought and increased the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT and the content of GABA. Exogenous treatment with GABA acted through the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) in the leaves to significantly decrease stomatal conductance and increase the stomatal closure rate, and the levels of expression of ABA-related genes PYL4, ABI1, ABI2, HAB1, ABF3, and OST1 changed in response to drought. Taken together, exogenous GABA can enhance the drought tolerance of apple seedlings.
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19
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Wang M, Zhu Y, Wang P, Gu Z, Yang R. Effect of γ-aminobutyric Acid on Phenolics Metabolism in Barley Seedlings under Low NaCl Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091421. [PMID: 34573053 PMCID: PMC8467947 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been revealed that high NaCl stress (>60 mmol L-1) induced phenolics accumulation in barley seedlings, with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) playing a key role. Interestingly, low NaCl stimulus (20 mmol L-1) enhancing phenolics synthesis and growth of barley seedlings was also reported recently. Hence, exogenous GABA and its bio-synthesis inhibitor 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP) were applied to reveal the mechanism of GABA regulating phenolics metabolism in barley seedlings treated with 20 mmol L-1 NaCl. The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids significantly increased by 11.64% and 14.52% under NaCl, respectively. The addition of GABA further increased phenolics and flavonoids contents, especially for gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin, compared with NaCl treatment. Simultaneously, GABA increased the activities and mRNA levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumalyl CoA ligase (4CL). The addition of 3-MP suppressed the above effects, except for increasing the protein levels of PAL, C4H, and 4CL. Low concentration of NaCl not only promoted growth, but also stimulated endogenous GABA metabolism to affect key enzymes activities and mRNA levels for phenolics synthesis in barley seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.); (P.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yahui Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China;
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.); (P.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.); (P.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.); (P.W.); (Z.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-025-84396293
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20
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Rahimi E, Nazari F, Javadi T, Samadi S, Teixeira da Silva JA. Potassium-enriched clinoptilolite zeolite mitigates the adverse impacts of salinity stress in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) by increasing silicon absorption and improving the K/Na ratio. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 285:112142. [PMID: 33581457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress that adversely affects turfgrass growth. Clinoptilolite zeolite, a silicon (Si)-rich mineral, may allow these plants to cope with salinity. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of ordinary clinoptilolite zeolite (OZ) and potassium-enriched clinoptilolite zeolite (K-EZ) on the growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were assessed under salinity stress. Perennial ryegrass seeds were cultured in soil mixtures amended, or not, with OZ or K-EZ, then exposed to three salinity levels (0, 50 or 100 mM NaCl) for three months. Control plants were grown in the same soil mixture without zeolites, but not exposed to salinity. In salinity, the application of both types of zeolite significantly decreased Na content by 44.36% and 21.31%, but increased K content by 272.34% and 81.59%, as well as the K/Na ratio by 590.47% and 129.43%, in shoots and roots, respectively, compared to the no-zeolite treatment. Similarly, Si content in shoots increased by 28.33%. Amending the soil mixture with zeolite, especially K-EZ, enhanced relative water content, membrane stability index, total chlorophyll content, total soluble proteins, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities but reduced the contents of total soluble carbohydrates, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde in saline conditions. Shoot and root dry weight, root volume and root/shoot ratio also improved. Soil amendment with both forms of zeolite, as a Si-rich mineral, partially offset the negative impacts of salinity on perennial ryegrass, although K-EZ had more noticeable positive and beneficial effects. The amendment of growth media with zeolite may be an effective sustainable management practice for turfgrass used in landscaping and sports fields exposed to saline water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Rahimi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Farzad Nazari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Taimoor Javadi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Saadi Samadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
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21
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Chen J, Mao Y, Guo K, Wu H, Song X, Qu M, Lan L, Luo J. The synergistic effect of traditional Chinese medicine prescription and rumen-protected γ-aminobutyric acid on beef cattle under heat stress. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:807-815. [PMID: 33641203 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription or rumen-protected GABA (RP-GABA) can effectively relieve the heat stress (HS) in cattle, but the joint effects of TCM and RP-GABA on HS in beef cattle are not fully clarified. To investigate the effects of TCM or/and RP-GABA on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, serum parameters and heat shock proteins (HSPs) expression in beef cattle under HS ambient. A total of 40 Jinjiang yellow cattle were randomly divided into four groups: (a) control group (basal diet, BD), (b) TCM group (BD+TCM), (c) GABA group (BD+RP-GABA) and (d) TCM+GABA group (BD+TCM plus RP-GABA). Results indicated that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly elevated in the TCM+GABA group (p < 0.05), whereas, average daily gain (ADG) was elevated (p < 0.05) in the group of TCM (38.5%), GABA (35.4%) and TCM+GABA (41.5%) compared with the control group. Meanwhile, TCM+GABA exhibited prominently more positive effects in terms of SOD, BUN, T-CHO, TG, HDL-C and HSP70 (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) than the control and other treatment groups. Therefore, TCM or GABA can effectively moderate the HS response in beef cattle by ameliorating antioxidant capacity, serum parameters and HSPs expression, meanwhile, the combination of them exerts a synergistic effect on HS alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaqing Mao
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (MOA Center for Veterinary Drug Evaluation), Beijing, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Shunyi District Agricultural and Rural Burea, Beijing, China
| | - Huansheng Wu
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lvtao Lan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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22
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Chang T, Zhao Y, He H, Xi Q, Fu J, Zhao Y. Exogenous melatonin improves growth in hulless barley seedlings under cold stress by influencing the expression rhythms of circadian clock genes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10740. [PMID: 33552735 PMCID: PMC7831369 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melatonin is a hormone substance that exists in various living organisms. Since it was discovered in the pineal gland of cattle in 1956, the function of melatonin in animals has been roughly clarified. Nevertheless, in plants, the research on melatonin is still insufficient. Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum hook. f.) is a crop that originates from cultivated barley in the east, usually grown on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, becoming the most important food crop in this area. Although the genome and transcriptome research of highland barley has gradually increased recently years, there are still many problems about how hulless barley adapts to the cold climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods In this study, we set three temperature conditions 25°C, 15°C, 5°C hulless barley seedlings, and at the same time soaked the hulless barley seeds with a 1 µM melatonin solution for 12 hours before the hulless barley seeds germinated. Afterwards, the growth and physiological indicators of hulless barley seedlings under different treatment conditions were determined. Meanwhile, the qRT-PCR method was used to determine the transcription level of the hulless barley circadian clock genes under different treatment conditions under continuous light conditions. Results The results showed the possible mechanism by which melatonin pretreatment can promote the growth of hulless barley under cold stress conditions by studying the effect of melatonin on the rhythm of the circadian clock system and some physiological indicators. The results revealed that the application of 1 µM melatonin could alleviate the growth inhibition of hulless barley seedlings caused by cold stress. In addition, exogenous melatonin could also restore the circadian rhythmic oscillation of circadian clock genes, such as HvCCA1 and HvTOC1, whose circadian rhythmic phenotypes were lost due to environmental cold stress. Additionally, the results confirmed that exogenous melatonin even reduced the accumulation of key physiological indicators under cold stress, including malondialdehyde and soluble sugars. Discussion Overall, these findings revealed an important mechanism that exogenous melatonin alleviated the inhibition of plant vegetative growths either by restoring the disrupted circadian rhythmic expression oscillations of clock genes, or by regulating the accumulation profiles of pivotal physiological indicators under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Chang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Qianqian Xi
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Fu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
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23
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Tang Y, Xiao L, Wu X, Li W, Wu T, Zhang P. Impact of germination pretreatment on the polyphenol profile, antioxidant activities, and physicochemical properties of three color cultivars of highland barley. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li X, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Yu X. Cross-talk between gama-aminobutyric acid and calcium ion regulates lipid biosynthesis in Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 in response to combined treatment of fulvic acid and salinity stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123833. [PMID: 32683286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the cross-talk between gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and calcium ion (Ca2+) signalling in the regulation of lipid production and cell growth in microalgae under fulvic acid and salinity stress (FA-salinity treatment) was investigated. GABA enhanced the lipid content and lipid productivity rate considerably, which were 1.27 and 1.29 times higher than those of the control, respectively. The levels of biosynthetic gene transcription, GSH, Ca2+ and cellular GABA were promoted by GABA addition, but decreased the ROS levels. Furthermore, the application of Ca2+ also increased lipid synthesis by regulating ROS and GABA signalling and lipogenesis-related genes. These results indicated that cytosolic GABA and Ca2+ levels exert crucial cross-talk in the modulation of cell growth and lipid accumulation induced by FA-salinity treatment. Collectively, this study demonstrated the beneficial effects caused by induction of the combination of chemical compounds on lipid production and provided new insights into lipid synthesis in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xinnan Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Wu X, Jia Q, Ji S, Gong B, Li J, Lü G, Gao H. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alleviates salt damage in tomato by modulating Na + uptake, the GAD gene, amino acid synthesis and reactive oxygen species metabolism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:465. [PMID: 33036565 PMCID: PMC7547442 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt stress is a serious abiotic stress that caused crop growth inhibition and yield decline. Previous studies have reported on the the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its relationship with plant resistance under various abiotic stress. However, the relationship between exogenous GABA alleviating plant salt stress damage and ion flux, amino acid synthesis, and key enzyme expression remains largely unclear. We investigated plant growth, Na+ transportation and accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and evaluated the effect of GABA on amino acids, especially SlGADs gene expression and the endogenous GABA content of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings treated with or without 5 mmol·L- 1 GABA under 175 mmol·L- 1 NaCl stress. RESULTS Exogenous application of GABA significantly reduced the salt damage index and increased plant height, chlorophyll content and the dry and fresh weights of tomato plants exposed to NaCl stress. GABA significantly reduced Na+ accumulation in leaves and roots by preventing Na+ influx in roots and transportation to leaves. The transcriptional expression of SlGAD1-3 genes were induced by NaCl stress especially with GABA application. Among them, SlGAD1 expression was the most sensitive and contributed the most to the increase in glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity induced by NaCl and GABA application; Exogenous GABA increased GAD activity and amino acid contents in tomato leaves compared with the levels under NaCl stress alone, especially the levels of endogenous GABA, proline, glutamate and eight other amino acids. These results indicated that SlGADs transcriptional expression played an important role in tomato plant resistance to NaCl stress with GABA application by enhancing GAD activity and amino acid contents. GABA significantly alleviated the active oxygen-related injury of leaves under NaCl stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing the contents of active oxygen species and malondialdehyde. CONCLUSION Exogenous GABA had a positive effect on the resistance of tomato seedlings to salt stress, which was closely associated with reducing Na+ flux from root to leaves, increasing amino acid content and strengthening antioxidant metabolism. Endogenous GABA content was induced by salt and exogenous GABA at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Qiuying Jia
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Shengxin Ji
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Binbin Gong
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Guiyun Lü
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Hongbo Gao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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Ji J, Shi S, Chen W, Xie T, Du C, Sun J, Shi Z, Gao R, Jiang Z, Xiao W. Effects of exogenous γ-Aminobutyric acid on the regulation of respiration and protein expression in germinating seeds of mungbean (Vigna radiata) under salt conditions. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Adem GD, Chen G, Shabala L, Chen ZH, Shabala S. GORK Channel: A Master Switch of Plant Metabolism? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:434-445. [PMID: 31964604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Potassium regulates a plethora of metabolic and developmental response in plants, and upon exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses a substantial K+ loss occurs from plant cells. The outward-rectifying potassium efflux GORK channels are central to this stress-induced K+ loss from the cytosol. In the mammalian systems, signaling molecules such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, G-proteins, ATP, inositol, and protein phosphatases were shown to operate as ligands controlling many K+ efflux channels. Here we present the evidence that the same molecules may also regulate GORK channels in plants. This mechanism enables operation of the GORK channels as a master switch of the cell metabolism, thus adjusting intracellular K+ homeostasis to altered environmental conditions, to maximize plant adaptive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getnet D Adem
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Guang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
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Ran W, Xiang Q, Pan Y, Xie T, Zhang Y, Yao C. Enhancing Photosynthetic Starch Production by γ-Aminobutyric Acid Addition in a Marine Green Microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis under Nitrogen Stress. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yunyun Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Tonghui Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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GABA-Alleviated Oxidative Injury Induced by Salinity, Osmotic Stress and their Combination by Regulating Cellular and Molecular Signals in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225709. [PMID: 31739540 PMCID: PMC6888568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of priming with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at 0.5 mM on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed germination under osmotic stress (OS) induced by polyethylene glycol (30 g/L PEG 6000); and salinity stress (S, 150 mM NaCl) and their combination (OS+S). Priming with GABA significantly alleviated the detrimental effects of OS, S and OS+S on seed germination and seedling growth. The photosynthetic system and water relation parameters were improved by GABA under stress. Priming treatment significantly increased the GABA content, sugars, protein, starch and glutathione reductase. GABA priming significantly reduced Na+ concentrations, proline, free radical and malonaldehyde and also significantly increased K+ concentration under the stress condition. Additionally, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, phenolic metabolism-related enzymes, detoxification-related enzymes and their transcription levels were improved by GABA priming under stress. In the GABA primed-plants, salinity stress alone resulted in an obvious increase in the expression level of Calcineurin B-like Protein-interacting protein Kinases (CIPKs) genes such as OsCIPK01, OsCIPK03, OsCIPK08 and OsCIPK15, and osmotic stress alone resulted in obvious increase in the expression of OsCIPK02, OsCIPK07 and OsCIPK09; and OS+S resulted in a significant up-regulation of OsCIPK12 and OsCIPK17. The results showed that salinity, osmotic stresses and their combination induced changes in cell ultra-morphology and cell cycle progression resulting in prolonged cell cycle development duration and inhibitory effects on rice seedlings growth. Hence, our findings suggested that the high tolerance to OS+S is closely associated with the capability of GABA priming to control the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by inducing antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolism and their transcription level. This knowledge provides new evidence for better understanding molecular mechanisms of GABA-regulating salinity and osmotic-combined stress tolerance during rice seed germination and development.
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Liu Y, Li M, Xu J, Liu X, Wang S, Shi L. Physiological and metabolomics analyses of young and old leaves from wild and cultivated soybean seedlings under low-nitrogen conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:389. [PMID: 31492111 PMCID: PMC6731624 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is critical to study the low nitrogen tolerance in wild soybean with extensive genetic diversity for improving cultivated soybean nitrogen use efficiency. Focusing on plant young and old leaves could provide new insights to low nitrogen tolerance research. This study compared the low nitrogen group with the control group on physiological and metabolomics changes in young and old leaves, respectively, then analyzed and compared the differences of these changes between cultivated and wild soybean. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of soybean low nitrogen stress tolerance. RESULTS Wild soybean was less affected by low-nitrogen stress than cultivated soybean as assessed by plant biomass paraments, total carbon content and total nitrogen content. Gas-exchange coefficients and chlorophylls contents maintained relatively stable in wild soybean young leaves, but opposite in cultivated soybean. Wild soybean young leaves also increased the transport of beneficial ions, such as B3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, H2PO4- and C2O42-. In wild soybean old leaves, the nitrogen metabolism pathway was significant enhanced, especially the aspartic acid and GABA metabolisms. While in cultivated soybean, the nitrogen metabolism decreased obviously in young leaves but had no significant change in old leaves. The phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway was also activated in wild soybean. Contrary to cultivated soybeans, wild soybean tricarboxylic acid cycle and carbon metabolism including polyols and organic acids consolidated in old leaves and maintained a relative normal state in young leaves. These strategies could improve the antioxidant and N-fixation capacity in wild soybean. CONCLUSION The survival and growth of wild soybean under low nitrogen stress conditions relied on physiological adjustments and metabolic changes that occurred at the cellular level. Compared with cultivated soybean, wild soybean young leaves could maintain a relatively normal growth mainly owing to a significant enhancement of key amino acids and nonprotein nitrogen metabolism in old leaves, especially aspartic acid, proline metabolism which provided basis for nitrogen reutilization from old leaves to young leaves. Consolidating the tricarboxylic acid cycle, intensifying phenylpropanoid metabolism, and accumulating more polyols and organic acids also had positive effect on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingshu Xu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyao Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianxuan Shi
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024 People’s Republic of China
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Effect of Benzothiadiazole on the Metabolome of Tomato Plants Infected by Citrus Exocortis Viroid. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050437. [PMID: 31091764 PMCID: PMC6563216 DOI: 10.3390/v11050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a functional analogue of the phytohormone salycilic acid (SA) involved in the plant immune response. NahG tomato plants are unable to accumulate SA, which makes them hypersusceptible to several pathogens. Treatments with BTH increase the resistance to bacterial, fungal, viroid, or viral infections. In this study, metabolic alterations in BTH-treated Money Maker and NahG tomato plants infected by citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Using multivariate data analysis, we have identified defence metabolites induced after viroid infection and BTH-treatment. Glycosylated phenolic compounds include gentisic and ferulic acid accumulated in CEVd-infected tomato plants, as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine, aspartate, glutamate, and asparagine. Besides, an increase of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine, adenosine, and trigonelline, contributed to a clear discrimination between the metabolome of BTH-treated tomato leaves and their corresponding controls. Among them, GABA was the only metabolite significantly accumulated in both genotypes after the chemical treatment. In view of these results, the addition of GABA was performed on tomato plants infected by CEVd, and a reversion of the NahG hypersusceptibility to CEVd was observed, indicating that GABA could regulate the resistance to CEVd induced by BTH.
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32
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Wang N, Chen T, Yang X, Shen C, Li H, Wang S, Zhao J, Chen J, Chen Z, Li Y. A practicable strategy for enrichment and separation of four minor flavonoids including two isomers from barley seedlings by macroporous resin column chromatography, medium-pressure LC, and high-speed countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1717-1724. [PMID: 30811854 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Separation of minor compounds especially with similar polarities and structures from complex samples is a challenging work. In the present study, an efficient method was successfully established by macroporous resin column chromatography, medium-pressure liquid chromatography, and high-speed countercurrent chromatography for separation of four minor flavonoids from barley seedlings. Macroporous resin column chromatography and medium-pressure liquid chromatography were used for enrichment of these four flavonoids. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis showed the total content of these four flavonoids increased from 2.2% in the crude extract to 95.3% in the medium-pressure liquid chromatography fraction. It was indicated that the combination of macroporous resin column chromatography and medium-pressure liquid chromatography could be a practicable strategy for enrichment of minor compounds from complex sample. Then, high-speed countercurrent chromatography was employed for separation of these four flavonoids using ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (0.1% glacial acetic acid) (4:1:5, v/v/v) as solvent system. As a result, four flavonoids including two isomers with purities higher than 98% were obtained. Interestingly, two flavonoids existing in one high-pressure liquid chromatography peak were also successfully separated. All these indicated high-speed countercurrent chromatography had great potential for separation of compounds with similar structures and polarities. This study provides a reference for efficient enrichment and separation of minor compounds from complex sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China
- Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China
- Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China
- Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China
- Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Jingyang Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Jilin Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China
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