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Luo T, Ma C, Fan Y, Qiu Z, Li M, Tian Y, Shang Y, Liu C, Cao Q, Peng Y, Zhang S, Liu S, Song B. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing of GmARM improves resistance to multiple stresses in soybean. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112147. [PMID: 38834106 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The growth and development of soybean plants can be affected by both abiotic and biotic stressors, such as saline-alkali stress and Phytophthora root rot. In this study, we identified a stress-related gene-GmARM-whose promoter contained several hormone-response and stress-regulatory elements, including ABRE, TCA element, STRE, and MBS. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of GmARM was the highest in seeds at 55 days after flowering. Furthermore, this gene was upregulated after exposure to saline-alkali stress and Phytophthora root rot infection at the seedling stage. Thus, we generated GmARM mutants using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to understand the role of this gene in stress response. T3 plants showed significantly improved salt tolerance, alkali resistance, and disease resistance, with a significantly higher survival rate than the wildtype plants. Moreover, mutations in GmARM affected the expression of related stress-resistance genes, indicating that GmARM mutants achieved multiple stress tolerance. Therefore, this study provides a foundation for further exploration of the genes involved in resistance to multiple stresses in soybean that can be used for breeding multiple stress-resistance soybean varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Luo
- Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chongxuan Ma
- Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuanhang Fan
- Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhendong Qiu
- Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ming Li
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Yusu Tian
- Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuzhuo Shang
- Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingqian Cao
- Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuhan Peng
- Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Bo Song
- Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of the Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
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Yang T, Amanullah S, Li S, Gao P, Bai J, Li C, Ma J, Luan F, Wang X. Deciphering the Genomic Characterization of the GGP Gene Family and Expression Verification of CmGGP1 Modulating Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis in Melon Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:397. [PMID: 38671845 PMCID: PMC11047344 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA), also known as vitamin C, is a well-known antioxidant found in living entities that plays an essential role in growth and development, as well as in defensive mechanisms. GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) is a candidate gene regulating AsA biosynthesis at the translational and transcriptional levels in plants. In the current study, we conducted genome-wide bioinformatic analysis and pinpointed a single AsA synthesis rate-limiting enzyme gene in melon (CmGGP1). The protein prediction analysis depicted that the CmGGP1 protein does not have a signaling peptide or transmembrane structure and mainly functions in the chloroplast or nucleus. The constructed phylogenetic tree analysis in multispecies showed that the CmGGP1 protein has a highly conserved motif in cucurbit crops. The structural variation analysis of the CmGGP1 gene in different domesticated melon germplasms showed a single non-synonymous type-base mutation and indicated that this gene was selected by domestication during evolution. Wild-type (WT) and landrace (LDR) germplasms of melon depicted close relationships to each other, and improved-type (IMP) varieties showed modern domestication selection. The endogenous quantification of AsA content in both the young and old leaves of nine melon varieties exhibited the major differentiations for AsA synthesis and metabolism. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of gene co-expression showed that AsA biosynthesis in leaves was greater than AsA metabolic consumption, and four putative interactive genes (MELO3C025552.2, MELO3C007440.2, MELO3C023324.2, and MELO3C018576.2) associated with the CmGGP1 gene were revealed. Meanwhile, the CmGGP1 gene expression pattern was noticed to be up-regulated to varying degrees in different acclimated melons. We believe that the obtained results would provide useful insights for an in-depth genetic understanding of the AsA biosynthesis mechanism, aimed at the development of improving crop plants for melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Sikandar Amanullah
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Junyu Bai
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chang Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Bayannur Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Bayannur 015000, China;
| | - Feishi Luan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuezheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.Y.); (S.L.); (P.G.); (J.B.); (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
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Wang J, Zhang C, Li H, Xu Y, Zhang B, Zheng F, Zhao B, Zhang H, Zhao H, Liu B, Xiao M, Zhang Z. OsJAB1 Positively Regulates Ascorbate Biosynthesis and Negatively Regulates Salt Tolerance Due to Inhibiting Early-Stage Salt-Induced ROS Accumulation in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3859. [PMID: 38005759 PMCID: PMC10675544 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play dual roles in plant stress response, but how plants modulate the dual roles of ROS in stress response is still obscure. OsJAB1 (JUN-activation-domain-binding protein 1) encodes the rice CSN5 (COP9 signalsome subunit 5). This study showed that, similar to the Arabidopsis homolog gene CSN5B, OsJAB1-overexpressing (driven by a CaMV 35S promoter) plants (OEs) impaired rice salt stress tolerance; in contrast, OsJAB1-inhibited-expression (using RNA-interfering technology) plants (RIs) enhanced rice salt stress tolerance. Differing from CSN5B that negatively regulated ascorbate (Asc) biosynthesis, Asc content increased in OEs and decreased in RIs. ROS analysis showed that RIs clearly increased, but OEs inhibited ROS accumulation at the early stage of salt treatment; in contrast, RIs clearly decreased, but OEs promoted ROS accumulation at the late stage of salt treatment. The qPCR revealed that OEs decreased but RIs enhanced the expressions of ROS-scavenging genes. This indicated that OsJAB1 negatively regulated rice salt stress tolerance by suppressing the expression of ROS-scavenging genes. This study provided new insights into the CSN5 homologous protein named OsJAB1 in rice, which developed different functions during long-term evolution. How OsJAB1 regulates the Asc biosynthesis that coordinates the balance between cell redox signaling and ROS scavenging needs to be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Chuanyu Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hua Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuejun Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (H.Z.)
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Sanya 571763, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (B.Z.); (F.Z.); (B.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Fuyu Zheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (B.Z.); (F.Z.); (B.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Beiping Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (B.Z.); (F.Z.); (B.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Baohai Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (B.Z.); (F.Z.); (B.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Minggang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (B.Z.); (F.Z.); (B.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Zhijin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (H.Z.)
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Sanya 571763, China
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de Aguiar ÉS, Dias AN, Sousa RM, Germano TA, de Sousa RO, Miranda RDS, Costa JH, dos Santos CP. Genome and Transcriptome Analyses of Genes Involved in Ascorbate Biosynthesis in Pepper Indicate Key Genes Related to Fruit Development, Stresses, and Phytohormone Exposures. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3367. [PMID: 37836106 PMCID: PMC10574469 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable consumed worldwide, primarily used for vitamin C uptake and condiment purposes. Ascorbate (Asc) is a multifunctional metabolite, acting as an antioxidant and enzymatic cofactor involved in multiple cellular processes. Nevertheless, there is no evidence about the contribution of biosynthesis pathways and regulatory mechanisms responsible for Asc reserves in pepper plants. Here, we present a genome- and transcriptome-wide investigation of genes responsible for Asc biosynthesis in pepper during fruit development, stresses, and phytohormone exposures. A total of 21 genes, scattered in ten of twelve pepper chromosomes were annotated. Gene expression analyses of nine transcriptomic experiments supported the primary role of the L-galactose pathway in the Asc-biosynthesizing process, given its constitutive, ubiquitous, and high expression profile observed in all studied conditions. However, genes from alternative pathways generally exhibited low expression or were unexpressed and appeared to play some secondary role under specific stress conditions and phytohormone treatments. Taken together, our findings provide a deeper spatio-temporal understanding of expression levels of genes involved in Asc biosynthesis, and they highlight GGP2, GME1 and 2, and GalLDH members from L-galactose pathway as promising candidates for future wet experimentation, addressing the attainment of increase in ascorbate content of peppers and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Évelyn Silva de Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Center of Sciences of Chapadinha, Federal University of Maranhão, Boa Vista, Chapadinha 65500-000, Maranhão, Brazil;
| | - Abigailde Nascimento Dias
- Center of Sciences of Chapadinha, Federal University of Maranhão, Boa Vista, Chapadinha 65500-000, Maranhão, Brazil; (A.N.D.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Raquel Mendes Sousa
- Center of Sciences of Chapadinha, Federal University of Maranhão, Boa Vista, Chapadinha 65500-000, Maranhão, Brazil; (A.N.D.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Thais Andrade Germano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60451-970, Ceará, Brazil; (T.A.G.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Renato Oliveira de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (R.O.d.S.); (R.d.S.M.)
| | - Rafael de Souza Miranda
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900-000, Piauí, Brazil; (R.O.d.S.); (R.d.S.M.)
- Plant Science Department, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José Hélio Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60451-970, Ceará, Brazil; (T.A.G.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Clesivan Pereira dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Center of Sciences of Chapadinha, Federal University of Maranhão, Boa Vista, Chapadinha 65500-000, Maranhão, Brazil;
- Center of Sciences of Chapadinha, Federal University of Maranhão, Boa Vista, Chapadinha 65500-000, Maranhão, Brazil; (A.N.D.); (R.M.S.)
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Pandey A, Wu LB, Murugaiyan V, Schaaf G, Ali J, Frei M. Differential effects of arsenite and arsenate on rice (Oryza sativa) plants differing in glutathione S-transferase gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:92268-92281. [PMID: 37486470 PMCID: PMC10447600 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of paddy soils with arsenic (As) can cause phytotoxicity in rice and increase the accumulation of arsenic in grains. The uptake and accumulation of As in rice depends on the different As species present in the soil. Plants detoxify As by conjugating and sequestering xenobiotic compounds into vacuoles using various enzymes. However, the severity of damage induced by arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)), as well as the roles of glutathione S-transferase in detoxifying these As species in rice, are not fully understood. In this study, we developed plant materials overexpressing a glutathione S-transferase gene OsGSTU40 under the control of the maize UBIL promoter. Through systematic investigations of both wild-type Nipponbare (Oryza sativa L., ssp. japonica) and OsGSTU40 overexpression lines under chronic or acute stress of As, we aimed to understand the toxic effects of both As(III) and As(V) on rice plants at the vegetative growth stage. We hypothesized that (i) As(III) and As(V) have different toxic effects on rice plants and (ii) OsGSTU40 played positive roles in As toxicity tolerance. Our results showed that As(III) was more detrimental to plant growth than As(V) in terms of plant growth, biomass, and lipid peroxidation in both chronic and acute exposure. Furthermore, overexpression of OsGSTU40 led to better plant growth even though uptake of As(V), but not As(III), into shoots was enhanced in transgenic plants. In acute As(III) stress, transgenic plants exhibited a lower level of lipid peroxidation than wild-type plants. The element composition of plants was dominated by the different As stress treatments rather than by the genotype, while the As concentration was negatively correlated with phosphorus and silicon. Overall, our findings suggest that As(III) is more toxic to plants than As(V) and that glutathione S-transferase OsGSTU40 differentially affects plant reactions and tolerance to different species of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Pandey
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Lin-Bo Wu
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Varunseelan Murugaiyan
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Gabriel Schaaf
- Institute of Crop Sciences and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jauhar Ali
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
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Chaturvedi S, Thakur N, Khan S, Sardar MK, Jangra A, Tiwari S. Overexpression of banana GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) modulates the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124124. [PMID: 36966859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
l-Ascorbic acid (AsA) is a potent antioxidant and essential micronutrient for the growth and development of plants and animals. AsA is predominantly synthesized by the Smirnoff-Wheeler (SW) pathway in plants where the GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) gene encodes the rate-limiting step. In the present study, AsA was estimated in twelve banana cultivars, where Nendran carried the highest (17.2 mg/100 g) amount of AsA in ripe fruit pulp. Five GGP genes were identified from the banana genome database, and they were located at chromosome 6 (4 MaGGPs) and chromosome 10 (1 MaGGP). Based on in-silico analysis, three potential MaGGP genes were isolated from the cultivar Nendran and subsequently overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Significant enhancement in AsA (1.52 to 2.20 fold) level was noted in the leaves of all three MaGGPs overexpressing lines as compared to non-transformed control plants. Among all, MaGGP2 emerged as a potential candidate for AsA biofortification in plants. Further, the complementation assay of Arabidopsis thaliana vtc-5-1 and vtc-5-2 mutants with MaGGP genes overcome the AsA deficiency that showed improved plant growth as compared to non-transformed control plants. This study lends strong affirmation towards development of AsA biofortified plants, particularly the staples that sustain the personages in developing countries.
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Hesari N, Szegő A, Mirmazloum I, Pónya Z, Kiss-Bába E, Kolozs H, Gyöngyik M, Vasas D, Papp I. High-Nitrate-Supply-Induced Transcriptional Upregulation of Ascorbic Acid Biosynthetic and Recycling Pathways in Cucumber. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1292. [PMID: 36986979 PMCID: PMC10051573 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays open field and protected vegetable cultivation practices require and use genotypes which are precisely tailored to their intended growth environments. Variability of this kind provides a rich source of material to uncover molecular mechanisms supporting the necessarily divergent physiological traits. In this study, typical field-optimized and glasshouse-cultivated cucumber F1 hybrids were investigated, and displayed slower growth ('Joker') and faster growth ('Oitol') in seedlings. Antioxidant capacity was lower in 'Joker' and higher in 'Oitol', pointing to a potential redox regulation of growth. The growth response of seedlings to paraquat treatment indicated stronger oxidative stress tolerance in the fast-growing 'Oitol'. To test whether protection against nitrate-induced oxidative stress was also different, fertigation with increasing potassium nitrate content was applied. This treatment did not change growth but decreased the antioxidant capacities of both hybrids. Bioluminescence emission revealed stronger lipid peroxidation triggered by high nitrate fertigation in the leaves of 'Joker' seedlings. To explore the background of the more effective antioxidant protection of 'Oitol', levels of ascorbic acid (AsA), as well as transcriptional regulation of relevant genes of the Smirnoff-Wheeler biosynthetic pathway and ascorbate recycling, were investigated. Genes related to AsA biosynthesis were strongly upregulated at an elevated nitrate supply in 'Oitol' leaves only, but this was only reflected in a small increase in total AsA content. High nitrate provision also triggered expression of ascorbate-glutathion cycle genes with stronger or exclusive induction in 'Oitol'. AsA/dehydro-ascorbate ratios were higher in 'Oitol' for all treatments, with a more pronounced difference at high nitrate levels. Despite strong transcriptional upregulation of ascorbate peroxidase genes (APX) in 'Oitol', APX activity only increased significantly in 'Joker'. This suggests potential inhibition of APX enzyme activity specifically in 'Oitol' at a high nitrate supply. Our results uncover an unexpected variability in redox stress management in cucumbers, including nitrate inducibility of AsA biosynthetic and recycling pathways in certain genotypes. Possible connections between AsA biosynthesis, recycling and nitro-oxidative stress protection are discussed. Cucumber hybrids emerge as an excellent model system for studying the regulation of AsA metabolism and the roles of AsA in growth and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Hesari
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Szegő
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Iman Mirmazloum
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pónya
- Division of Applied Food Crop Production, Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
- Agricultural and Food Research Centre, Széchenyi István University, Egyetem tér 1, 9026 Győr, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Kiss-Bába
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriett Kolozs
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Gyöngyik
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dominika Vasas
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Papp
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi Str. 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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Rezvi HUA, Tahjib‐Ul‐Arif M, Azim MA, Tumpa TA, Tipu MMH, Najnine F, Dawood MFA, Skalicky M, Brestič M. Rice and food security: Climate change implications and the future prospects for nutritional security. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Tahjib‐Ul‐Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Azim
- Biotechnology Division Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute Pabna Bangladesh
| | - Toufica Ahmed Tumpa
- Department of Entomology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh
| | | | - Farhana Najnine
- Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangdong Guangzhou China
| | - Mona F. A. Dawood
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Assiut University Assiut Egypt
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Marián Brestič
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources Slovak University of Agriculture Nitra Slovakia
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9
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He L, Ding X, Jin H, Zhang H, Cui J, Chu J, Li R, Zhou Q, Yu J. Comparison of rockwool and coir for greenhouse cucumber production: chemical element, plant growth, and fruit quality. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10930. [PMID: 36262298 PMCID: PMC9573875 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacing rockwool with more sustainable materials, such as coir, is an effective measure to improve the sustainability of soilless cultivation in the greenhouse. To comprehensively assess the feasibility of coir before using it widely, coir was compared to rockwool as a cucumber cultivation substrate to evaluate its performance on mineral elements in the substrates, drainage, and in the plants. Plant growth, amino acids, and flavor substances of cucumber fruits were also compared between the two substrates. Compared to rockwool, coir significantly increased the LAI and yield of cucumber crops as well as contents of Ca, Mg, S, Cl and Zn in leaves and fruits. Contents of P, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, Zn, and B in the substrate were higher for coir while those of Fe, Cu, and Mn in the drainage lower. Moreover, coir also significantly increased contents of amino acids (His, Leu, Ile, Phe, Lys, Asp, Glu and Pro) and flavor substance (TC, PS, TP, CLL, CuB, and LA) in cucumber fruits. Our results demonstrated the potential of coir as a replacement of rockwool to improve sustainability of soilless cultivation in the greenhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong He
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xiaotao Ding
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Haijun Jin
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jiawei Cui
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Shaoxing Agricultural Products Testing Center, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Rongguang Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China,College of Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China,Shanghai Dushi Green Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jizhu Yu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China,Corresponding author.
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10
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Chen L, Peng Y, Zhu L, Huang Y, Bie Z, Wu H. CeO 2 nanoparticles improved cucumber salt tolerance is associated with its induced early stimulation on antioxidant system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134474. [PMID: 35367497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a global issue limiting efficient agricultural production. Nano-enabled plant salt tolerance is a hot topic. However, the role of nanoparticles induced possible early stimulation on antioxidant system in its improved plant salt tolerance is still largely unknown. Here, poly (acrylic) acid coated nanoceria (cerium oxide nanoparticles) (PNC, 7.8 nm, -31 mV) with potent ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging ability are used. Compared with control, no significant difference of H2O2 and O2•─ content, MDA (malondialdehyde) content, relative electric conductivity, and Fv/Fm was found in leaves and/or roots of cucumber before onset of salinity stress, regardless of leaf or root application of PNC. While, before onset of salinity stress, compared with control, the activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase, up to 1.8 folds change), POD (peroxidase, up to 2.5 folds change) and CAT (catalase, up to 2.3 folds change), and the content of GSH (glutathione, up to 3.0 folds change) and ASA (ascorbic acid, up to 2.4 folds change) in leaves and roots of cucumber with PNC leaf spray or root application were significantly increased. RNA seq analysis further confirmed that PNC foliar spray upregulates more genes in leaves over roots than the root application. These results showed that foliar sprayed PNC have stronger early stimulation effect on antioxidant system than the root applied one and leaf are more sensitive to PNC stimulation than root. After salt stress, cucumber plants with foliar sprayed PNC showed better improvement in salt tolerance than the root applied one. Also, plants with foliar sprayed PNC showed significant higher whole plant cerium content than the root applied one after salt stress. In summary, we showed that foliar spray of nanoceria is more optimal than root application in terms of improving cucumber salt tolerance, and this improvement is associated with better stimulation on antioxidant system in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Chen
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuquan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lan Zhu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Honghong Wu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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11
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Chaturvedi S, Khan S, Bhunia RK, Kaur K, Tiwari S. Metabolic engineering in food crops to enhance ascorbic acid production: crop biofortification perspectives for human health. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:871-884. [PMID: 35464783 PMCID: PMC9016690 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) also known as vitamin C is considered as an essential micronutrient in the diet of humans. The human body is unable to synthesize AsA, thus solely dependent on exogenous sources to accomplish the nutritional requirement. AsA plays a crucial role in different physiological aspects of human health like bone formation, iron absorption, maintenance and development of connective tissues, conversion of cholesterol to bile acid and production of serotonin. It carries antioxidant properties and is involved in curing various clinical disorders such as scurvy, viral infection, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, anemia, and diabetes. It also plays a significant role in COVID-19 prevention and recovery by improving the oxygen index and enhancing the production of natural killer cells and T-lymphocytes. In plants, AsA plays important role in floral induction, seed germination, senescence, ROS regulation and photosynthesis. AsA is an essential counterpart of the antioxidant system and helps to defend the plants against abiotic and biotic stresses. Surprisingly, the deficiencies of AsA are spreading in both developed and developing countries. The amount of AsA in the major food crops such as wheat, rice, maize, and other raw natural plant foods is inadequate to fulfill its dietary requirements. Hence, the biofortification of AsA in staple crops would be feasible and cost-effective means of delivering AsA to populations that may have limited access to diverse diets and other interventions. In this review, we endeavor to provide information on the role of AsA in plants and human health, and also perused various biotechnological and agronomical approaches for elevating AsA content in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Chaturvedi
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Lab, National Agri-
Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India), Sector-81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Shahirina Khan
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Lab, National Agri-
Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India), Sector-81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
- Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001 India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Lab, National Agri-
Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India), Sector-81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
| | - Karambir Kaur
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Lab, National Agri-
Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India), Sector-81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
| | - Siddharth Tiwari
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Lab, National Agri-
Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India), Sector-81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
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12
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Cobos-Porras L, Rubia MI, Huertas R, Kum D, Dalton DA, Udvardi MK, Arrese-Igor C, Larrainzar E. Increased Ascorbate Biosynthesis Does Not Improve Nitrogen Fixation Nor Alleviate the Effect of Drought Stress in Nodulated Medicago truncatula Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:686075. [PMID: 34262586 PMCID: PMC8273863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.686075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Legume plants are able to establish nitrogen-fixing symbiotic relations with Rhizobium bacteria. This symbiosis is, however, affected by a number of abiotic constraints, particularly drought. One of the consequences of drought stress is the overproduction of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), leading to cellular damage and, ultimately, cell death. Ascorbic acid (AsA), also known as vitamin C, is one of the antioxidant compounds that plants synthesize to counteract this oxidative damage. One promising strategy for the improvement of plant growth and symbiotic performance under drought stress is the overproduction of AsA via the overexpression of enzymes in the Smirnoff-Wheeler biosynthesis pathway. In the current work, we generated Medicago truncatula plants with increased AsA biosynthesis by overexpressing MtVTC2, a gene coding for GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase. We characterized the growth and physiological responses of symbiotic plants both under well-watered conditions and during a progressive water deficit. Results show that increased AsA availability did not provide an advantage in terms of plant growth or symbiotic performance either under well-watered conditions or in response to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libertad Cobos-Porras
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Rubia
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raúl Huertas
- Plant Biology Division, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - David Kum
- Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David A. Dalton
- Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michael K. Udvardi
- Plant Biology Division, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Cesar Arrese-Igor
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Larrainzar
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
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13
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Bulley SM, Cooney JM, Laing W. Elevating Ascorbate in Arabidopsis Stimulates the Production of Abscisic Acid, Phaseic Acid, and to a Lesser Extent Auxin (IAA) and Jasmonates, Resulting in Increased Expression of DHAR1 and Multiple Transcription Factors Associated with Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [PMID: 34201662 DOI: 10.3990/ijms22136743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression and phytohormone contents were measured in response to elevating ascorbate in the absence of other confounding stimuli such as high light and abiotic stresses. Young Arabidopsis plants were treated with 25 mM solutions of l-galactose pathway intermediates l-galactose (l-gal) or l-galactono-1,4-lactone (l-galL), as well as L-ascorbic acid (AsA), with 25 mM glucose used as control. Feeding increased rosette AsA 2- to 4-fold but there was little change in AsA biosynthetic gene transcripts. Of the ascorbate recycling genes, only Dehydroascorbate reductase 1 expression was increased. Some known regulatory genes displayed increased expression and included ANAC019, ANAC072, ATHB12, ZAT10 and ZAT12. Investigation of the ANAC019/ANAC072/ATHB12 gene regulatory network revealed a high proportion of ABA regulated genes. Measurement of a subset of jasmonate, ABA, auxin (IAA) and salicylic acid compounds revealed consistent increases in ABA (up to 4.2-fold) and phaseic acid (PA; up to 5-fold), and less consistently certain jasmonates, IAA, but no change in salicylic acid levels. Increased ABA is likely due to increased transcripts for the ABA biosynthetic gene NCED3. There were also smaller increases in transcripts for transcription factors ATHB7, ERD1, and ABF3. These results provide insights into how increasing AsA content can mediate increased abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bulley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand
| | - Janine M Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - William Laing
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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14
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Bulley SM, Cooney JM, Laing W. Elevating Ascorbate in Arabidopsis Stimulates the Production of Abscisic Acid, Phaseic Acid, and to a Lesser Extent Auxin (IAA) and Jasmonates, Resulting in Increased Expression of DHAR1 and Multiple Transcription Factors Associated with Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136743. [PMID: 34201662 PMCID: PMC8269344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression and phytohormone contents were measured in response to elevating ascorbate in the absence of other confounding stimuli such as high light and abiotic stresses. Young Arabidopsis plants were treated with 25 mM solutions of l-galactose pathway intermediates l-galactose (l-gal) or l-galactono-1,4-lactone (l-galL), as well as L-ascorbic acid (AsA), with 25 mM glucose used as control. Feeding increased rosette AsA 2- to 4-fold but there was little change in AsA biosynthetic gene transcripts. Of the ascorbate recycling genes, only Dehydroascorbate reductase 1 expression was increased. Some known regulatory genes displayed increased expression and included ANAC019, ANAC072, ATHB12, ZAT10 and ZAT12. Investigation of the ANAC019/ANAC072/ATHB12 gene regulatory network revealed a high proportion of ABA regulated genes. Measurement of a subset of jasmonate, ABA, auxin (IAA) and salicylic acid compounds revealed consistent increases in ABA (up to 4.2-fold) and phaseic acid (PA; up to 5-fold), and less consistently certain jasmonates, IAA, but no change in salicylic acid levels. Increased ABA is likely due to increased transcripts for the ABA biosynthetic gene NCED3. There were also smaller increases in transcripts for transcription factors ATHB7, ERD1, and ABF3. These results provide insights into how increasing AsA content can mediate increased abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Bulley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-7-928-9796
| | - Janine M. Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand;
| | - William Laing
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
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15
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Garg M, Sharma A, Vats S, Tiwari V, Kumari A, Mishra V, Krishania M. Vitamins in Cereals: A Critical Review of Content, Health Effects, Processing Losses, Bioaccessibility, Fortification, and Biofortification Strategies for Their Improvement. Front Nutr 2021; 8:586815. [PMID: 34222296 PMCID: PMC8241910 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.586815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Around the world, cereals are stapled foods and good sources of vitamins A, B, and E. As cereals are inexpensive and consumed in large quantities, attempts are being made to enrich cereals using fortification and biofortification in order to address vitamin deficiency disorders in a vulnerable population. The processing and cooking of cereals significantly affect vitamin content. Depending on grain structure, milling can substantially reduce vitamin content, while cooking methods can significantly impact vitamin retention and bioaccessibility. Pressure cooking has been reported to result in large vitamin losses, whereas minimal vitamin loss was observed following boiling. The fortification of cereal flour with vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B9, which are commonly deficient, has been recommended; and in addition, region-specific fortification using either synthetic or biological vitamins has been suggested. Biofortification is a relatively new concept and has been explored as a method to generate vitamin-rich crops. Once developed, biofortified crops can be utilized for several years. A recent cereal biofortification success story is the enrichment of maize with provitamin A carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Garg
- Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Shreya Vats
- Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Vandita Tiwari
- Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- Agri-Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Vibhu Mishra
- Food Engineering and Nutrition, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, India
| | - Meena Krishania
- Food Engineering and Nutrition, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, India
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16
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Fenech M, Amorim-Silva V, Esteban del Valle A, Arnaud D, Ruiz-Lopez N, Castillo AG, Smirnoff N, Botella MA. The role of GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase in the control of ascorbate biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1574-1594. [PMID: 33793952 PMCID: PMC8133566 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The enzymes involved in l-ascorbate biosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms (the Smirnoff-Wheeler [SW] pathway) are well established. Here, we analyzed their subcellular localizations and potential physical interactions and assessed their role in the control of ascorbate synthesis. Transient expression of C terminal-tagged fusions of SW genes in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana mutants complemented with genomic constructs showed that while GDP-d-mannose epimerase is cytosolic, all the enzymes from GDP-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP) to l-galactose dehydrogenase (l-GalDH) show a dual cytosolic/nuclear localization. All transgenic lines expressing functional SW protein green fluorescent protein fusions driven by their endogenous promoters showed a high accumulation of the fusion proteins, with the exception of those lines expressing GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) protein, which had very low abundance. Transient expression of individual or combinations of SW pathway enzymes in N. benthamiana only increased ascorbate concentration if GGP was included. Although we did not detect direct interaction between the different enzymes of the pathway using yeast-two hybrid analysis, consecutive SW enzymes, as well as the first and last enzymes (GMP and l-GalDH) associated in coimmunoprecipitation studies. This association was supported by gel filtration chromatography, showing the presence of SW proteins in high-molecular weight fractions. Finally, metabolic control analysis incorporating known kinetic characteristics showed that previously reported feedback repression at the GGP step, combined with its relatively low abundance, confers a high-flux control coefficient and rationalizes why manipulation of other enzymes has little effect on ascorbate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fenech
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Vítor Amorim-Silva
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Alicia Esteban del Valle
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Dominique Arnaud
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Noemi Ruiz-Lopez
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Araceli G Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
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17
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Xiao M, Li Z, Zhu L, Wang J, Zhang B, Zheng F, Zhao B, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang Z. The Multiple Roles of Ascorbate in the Abiotic Stress Response of Plants: Antioxidant, Cofactor, and Regulator. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:598173. [PMID: 33912200 PMCID: PMC8072462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.598173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate (ASC) plays a critical role in plant stress response. The antioxidant role of ASC has been well-studied, but there are still several confusing questions about the function of ASC in plant abiotic stress response. ASC can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and should be helpful for plant stress tolerance. But in some cases, increasing ASC content impairs plant abiotic stress tolerance, whereas, inhibiting ASC synthesis or regeneration enhances plant stress tolerance. This confusing phenomenon indicates that ASC may have multiple roles in plant abiotic stress response not just as an antioxidant, though many studies more or less ignored other roles of ASC in plant. In fact, ACS also can act as the cofactor of some enzymes, which are involved in the synthesis, metabolism, and modification of a variety of substances, which has important effects on plant stress response. In addition, ASC can monitor and effectively regulate cell redox status. Therefore, we believe that ASC has atleast triple roles in plant abiotic stress response: as the antioxidant to scavenge accumulated ROS, as the cofactor to involve in plant metabolism, or as the regulator to coordinate the actions of various signal pathways under abiotic stress. The role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response is important and complex. The detail role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response should be analyzed according to specific physiological process in specific organ. In this review, we discuss the versatile roles of ASC in the response of plants to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fuyu Zheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Beiping Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Yujie Wang,
| | - Zhijin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijin Zhang,
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18
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Broad RC, Bonneau JP, Hellens RP, Johnson AA. Manipulation of Ascorbate Biosynthetic, Recycling, and Regulatory Pathways for Improved Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1790. [PMID: 32150968 PMCID: PMC7084844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures, are major limiting factors in global crop productivity and are predicted to be exacerbated by climate change. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common consequence of many abiotic stresses. Ascorbate, also known as vitamin C, is the most abundant water-soluble antioxidant in plant cells and can combat oxidative stress directly as a ROS scavenger, or through the ascorbate-glutathione cycle-a major antioxidant system in plant cells. Engineering crops with enhanced ascorbate concentrations therefore has the potential to promote broad abiotic stress tolerance. Three distinct strategies have been utilized to increase ascorbate concentrations in plants: (i) increased biosynthesis, (ii) enhanced recycling, or (iii) modulating regulatory factors. Here, we review the genetic pathways underlying ascorbate biosynthesis, recycling, and regulation in plants, including a summary of all metabolic engineering strategies utilized to date to increase ascorbate concentrations in model and crop species. We then highlight transgene-free strategies utilizing genome editing tools to increase ascorbate concentrations in crops, such as editing the highly conserved upstream open reading frame that controls translation of the GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan C. Broad
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julien P. Bonneau
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Roger P. Hellens
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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Broad RC, Bonneau JP, Beasley JT, Roden S, Sadowski P, Jewell N, Brien C, Berger B, Tako E, Glahn RP, Hellens RP, Johnson AAT. Effect of Rice GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase Constitutive Overexpression on Ascorbate Concentration, Stress Tolerance, and Iron Bioavailability in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:595439. [PMID: 33343598 PMCID: PMC7744345 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.595439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate (vitamin C) is an essential multifunctional molecule for both plants and mammals. In plants, ascorbate is the most abundant water-soluble antioxidant that supports stress tolerance. In humans, ascorbate is an essential micronutrient and promotes iron (Fe) absorption in the gut. Engineering crops with increased ascorbate levels have the potential to improve both crop stress tolerance and human health. Here, rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were engineered to constitutively overexpress the rice GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase coding sequence (35S-OsGGP), which encodes the rate-limiting enzymatic step of the L-galactose pathway. Ascorbate concentrations were negligible in both null segregant (NS) and 35S-OsGGP brown rice (BR, unpolished grain), but significantly increased in 35S-OsGGP germinated brown rice (GBR) relative to NS. Foliar ascorbate concentrations were significantly increased in 35S-OsGGP plants in the vegetative growth phase relative to NS, but significantly reduced at the reproductive growth phase and were associated with reduced OsGGP transcript levels. The 35S-OsGGP plants did not display altered salt tolerance at the vegetative growth phase despite having elevated ascorbate concentrations. Ascorbate concentrations were positively correlated with ferritin concentrations in Caco-2 cells - an accurate predictor of Fe bioavailability in human digestion - exposed to in vitro digests of NS and 35S-OsGGP BR and GBR samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan C. Broad
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ronan C. Broad,
| | - Julien P. Bonneau
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse T. Beasley
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sally Roden
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pawel Sadowski
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Jewell
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility and School for Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chris Brien
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility and School for Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bettina Berger
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility and School for Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Raymond P. Glahn
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Roger P. Hellens
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Broad RC, Bonneau JP, Beasley JT, Roden S, Philips JG, Baumann U, Hellens RP, Johnson AAT. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase gene family in bread wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:515. [PMID: 31771507 PMCID: PMC6878703 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascorbate is a powerful antioxidant in plants and an essential micronutrient for humans. The GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) gene encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of the L-galactose pathway-the dominant ascorbate biosynthetic pathway in plants-and is a promising gene candidate for increasing ascorbate in crops. In addition to transcriptional regulation, GGP production is regulated at the translational level through an upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the long 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR). The GGP genes have yet to be identified in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the most important food grain sources for humans. RESULTS Bread wheat chromosomal groups 4 and 5 were found to each contain three homoeologous TaGGP genes on the A, B, and D subgenomes (TaGGP2-A/B/D and TaGGP1-A/B/D, respectively) and a highly conserved uORF was present in the long 5'UTR of all six genes. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the TaGGP genes separate into two distinct groups and identified a duplication event of the GGP gene in the ancestor of the Brachypodium/Triticeae lineage. A microsynteny analysis revealed that the TaGGP1 and TaGGP2 subchromosomal regions have no shared synteny suggesting that TaGGP2 may have been duplicated via a transposable element. The two groups of TaGGP genes have distinct expression patterns with the TaGGP1 homoeologs broadly expressed across different tissues and developmental stages and the TaGGP2 homoeologs highly expressed in anthers. Transient transformation of the TaGGP coding sequences in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue increased ascorbate concentrations more than five-fold, confirming their functional role in ascorbate biosynthesis in planta. CONCLUSIONS We have identified six TaGGP genes in the bread wheat genome, each with a highly conserved uORF. Phylogenetic and microsynteny analyses highlight that a transposable element may have been responsible for the duplication and specialized expression of GGP2 in anthers in the Brachypodium/Triticeae lineage. Transient transformation of the TaGGP coding sequences in N. benthamiana demonstrated their activity in planta. The six TaGGP genes and uORFs identified in this study provide a valuable genetic resource for increasing ascorbate concentrations in bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan C Broad
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Julien P Bonneau
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jesse T Beasley
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Sally Roden
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Joshua G Philips
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Roger P Hellens
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Alexander A T Johnson
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Vitamin C in Plants: From Functions to Biofortification. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110519. [PMID: 31671820 PMCID: PMC6912510 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid) is an excellent free radical scavenger, not only for its capability to donate reducing equivalents but also for the relative stability of the derived monodehydroascorbate radical. However, vitamin C is not only an antioxidant, since it is also a cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in plant and human metabolism. In humans, vitamin C takes part in various physiological processes, such as iron absorption, collagen synthesis, immune stimulation, and epigenetic regulation. Due to the functional loss of the gene coding for l-gulonolactone oxidase, humans cannot synthesize vitamin C; thus, they principally utilize plant-based foods for their needs. For this reason, increasing the vitamin C content of crops could have helpful effects on human health. To achieve this objective, exhaustive knowledge of the metabolism and functions of vitamin C in plants is needed. In this review, the multiple roles of vitamin C in plant physiology as well as the regulation of its content, through biosynthetic or recycling pathways, are analyzed. Finally, attention is paid to the strategies that have been used to increase the content of vitamin C in crops, emphasizing not only the improvement of nutritional value of the crops but also the acquisition of plant stress resistance.
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