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Li Y, Lu X, Su J, Bai Y. Phosphorus availability and planting patterns regulate soil microbial effects on plant performance in a semiarid steppe. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:1081-1095. [PMID: 36661120 PMCID: PMC10457034 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Growing evidence has suggested that plant responses to model soil microorganisms are context dependent; however, few studies have investigated the effects of whole soil microbial communities on plant performance in different abiotic and biotic conditions. To address this, we examined how soil phosphorus (P) availability and different planting patterns regulate soil microbial effects on the growth of two native plant species in a semiarid steppe. METHODS We carried out a glasshouse experiment to explore the effects of the whole indigenous soil microbiota on the growth and performance of Leymus chinensis and Cleistogenes squarrosa using soil sterilization with different soil P availabilities and planting patterns (monoculture and mixture). Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explain the potential molecular mechanisms of the soil microbial effects on C. squarrosa. KEY RESULTS The soil sterilization treatment significantly increased the biomass of L. chinensis and C. squarrosa in both monoculture and mixture conditions, which indicated that the soil microbiota had negative growth effects on both plants. The addition of P neutralized the negative microbial effects for both L. chinensis and C. squarrosa, whereas the mixture treatment amplified the negative microbial effects on L. chinensis but alleviated them on C. squarrosa. Transcriptomic analysis from C. squarrosa roots underscored that the negative soil microbial effects were induced by the upregulation of defence genes. The P addition treatment resulted in significant decreases in the number of differentially expressed genes attributable to the soil microbiota, and some defence genes were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Our results underline that indigenous soil microbiota have negative effects on the growth of two dominant plant species from a semiarid steppe, but their effects are highly dependent on the soil P availability and planting patterns. They also indicate that defence genes might play a key role in controlling plant growth responses to the soil microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jishuai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Nadarajah K, Abdul Rahman NSN. Plant-Microbe Interaction: Aboveground to Belowground, from the Good to the Bad. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910388. [PMID: 34638728 PMCID: PMC8508622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil health and fertility issues are constantly addressed in the agricultural industry. Through the continuous and prolonged use of chemical heavy agricultural systems, most agricultural lands have been impacted, resulting in plateaued or reduced productivity. As such, to invigorate the agricultural industry, we would have to resort to alternative practices that will restore soil health and fertility. Therefore, in recent decades, studies have been directed towards taking a Magellan voyage of the soil rhizosphere region, to identify the diversity, density, and microbial population structure of the soil, and predict possible ways to restore soil health. Microbes that inhabit this region possess niche functions, such as the stimulation or promotion of plant growth, disease suppression, management of toxicity, and the cycling and utilization of nutrients. Therefore, studies should be conducted to identify microbes or groups of organisms that have assigned niche functions. Based on the above, this article reviews the aboveground and below-ground microbiomes, their roles in plant immunity, physiological functions, and challenges and tools available in studying these organisms. The information collected over the years may contribute toward future applications, and in designing sustainable agriculture.
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Jain A, Singh HB, Das S. Deciphering plant-microbe crosstalk through proteomics studies. Microbiol Res 2020; 242:126590. [PMID: 33022544 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic approaches are being used to elucidate a better discretion of interactions occurring between host, pathogen, and/or beneficial microorganisms at the molecular level. Application of proteomic techniques, unravel pathogenicity, stress-related, and antioxidant proteins expressed amid plant-microbe interactions and good information have been generated. It is being perceived that a fine regulation of protein expression takes place for effective pathogen recognition, induction of resistance, and maintenance of host integrity. However, our knowledge of molecular plant-microbe interactions is still incomplete and inconsequential. This review aims to provide insight into numerous ways used for proteomic investigation including peptide/protein identification, separation, and quantification during host defense response. Here, we highlight the current progress in proteomics of defense responses elicited by bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens in plants along with which the proteome level changes induced by beneficial microorganisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Jain
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.
| | - Harikesh Bahadur Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Sampa Das
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.
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Lawanprasert A, Guinan CA, Langford EA, Hawkins CE, Sloand JN, Fescemyer HW, Aronson MR, Halle JA, Marden JH, Medina SH. Discovery of antitumor lectins from rainforest tree root transcriptomes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229467. [PMID: 32097449 PMCID: PMC7041804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are multi-branched sugars that are displayed from lipids and proteins. Through their diverse polysaccharide structures they can potentiate a myriad of cellular signaling pathways involved in development, growth, immuno-communication and survival. Not surprisingly, disruption of glycan synthesis is fundamental to various human diseases; including cancer, where aberrant glycosylation drives malignancy. Here, we report the discovery of a novel mannose-binding lectin, ML6, which selectively recognizes and binds to these irregular tumor-specific glycans to elicit potent and rapid cancer cell death. This lectin was engineered from gene models identified in a tropical rainforest tree root transcriptome and is unusual in its six canonical mannose binding domains (QxDxNxVxY), each with a unique amino acid sequence. Remarkably, ML6 displays antitumor activity that is >105 times more potent than standard chemotherapeutics, while being almost completely inactive towards non-transformed, healthy cells. This activity, in combination with results from glycan binding studies, suggests ML6 differentiates healthy and malignant cells by exploiting divergent glycosylation pathways that yield naïve and incomplete cell surface glycans in tumors. Thus, ML6 and other high-valence lectins may serve as novel biochemical tools to elucidate the glycomic signature of different human tumors and aid in the rational design of carbohydrate-directed therapies. Further, understanding how nature evolves proteins, like ML6, to combat the changing defenses of competing microorganisms may allow for fundamental advances in the way we approach combinatorial therapies to fight therapeutic resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atip Lawanprasert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Caitlin A. Guinan
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Erica A. Langford
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Carly E. Hawkins
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Janna N. Sloand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Howard W. Fescemyer
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Aronson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Jacob A. Halle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - James H. Marden
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Scott H. Medina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
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Ibort P, Imai H, Uemura M, Aroca R. Proteomic analysis reveals that tomato interaction with plant growth promoting bacteria is highly determined by ethylene perception. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 220:43-59. [PMID: 29145071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Feeding an increasing global population as well as reducing environmental impact of crops is the challenge for the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) management could represent a suitable method but elucidation of their action mechanisms is essential for a proper and effective utilization. Furthermore, ethylene is involved in growth and response to environmental stimuli but little is known about the implication of ethylene perception in PGPB activity. The ethylene-insensitive tomato never ripe and its isogenic wild-type cv. Pearson lines inoculated with Bacillus megaterium or Enterobacter sp. C7 strains were grown until mature stage to analyze growth promotion, and bacterial inoculation effects on root proteomic profiles. Enterobacter C7 promoted growth in both plant genotypes, meanwhile Bacillus megaterium PGPB activity was only noticed in wt plants. Moreover, PGPB inoculation affected proteomic profile in a strain- and genotype-dependent manner modifying levels of stress-related and interaction proteins, and showing bacterial inoculation effects on antioxidant content and phosphorus acquisition capacity. Ethylene perception is essential for properly recognition of Bacillus megaterium and growth promotion mediated in part by increased levels of reduced glutathione. In contrast, Enterobacter C7 inoculation improves phosphorus nutrition keeping plants on growth independently of ethylene sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ibort
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Hiroyuki Imai
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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Singh RP, Runthala A, Khan S, Jha PN. Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the tolerance of wheat to salt stress in response to Enterobacter cloacae SBP-8. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183513. [PMID: 28877183 PMCID: PMC5587313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress adversely affects the plant growth and is a major constraint to agriculture. In the present study, we studied the role of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Enterobacter cloacae SBP-8 possessing ACC deaminase activity on proteome profile of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under high salinity (200 mM NaCl) stress. The aim of study was to investigate the differential expressed protein in selected three (T-1, T-2, T-3) treatments and absolute quantification (MS/MS analysis) was used to detect statistically significant expressed proteins. In this study, we investigated the adaptation mechanisms of wheat seedlings exposed to high concentration of NaCl treatment (200 mM) for 15 days in response to bacterial inoculation based on proteomic data. The identified proteins were distributed in different cellular, biological and molecular functions. Under salt stress, proteins related to ion-transport, metabolic pathway, protein synthesis and defense responsive were increased to a certain extent. A broader comparison of the proteome of wheat plant under different treatments revealed that changes in some of the metabolic pathway may be involved in stress adaption in response to PGPR inoculation. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified the various up-regulated/down-regulated proteins into tested three treatments. Our results suggest that bacterial inoculation enhanced the ability of wheat plant to combat salt stress via regulation of transcription factors, promoting antioxidative activity, induction of defense enzymes, lignin biosynthesis, and acceleration of protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Biological Science, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Shahid Khan
- Department of Biological Science, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabhat Nath Jha
- Department of Biological Science, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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7
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Witzel K, Üstün S, Schreiner M, Grosch R, Börnke F, Ruppel S. A Proteomic Approach Suggests Unbalanced Proteasome Functioning Induced by the Growth-Promoting Bacterium Kosakonia radicincitans in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:661. [PMID: 28491076 PMCID: PMC5405128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria have significant impact on the plant physiology and understanding this interaction at the molecular level is of particular interest to support crop productivity and sustainable production systems. We used a proteomics approach to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant growth promotion in the interaction of Kosakonia radicincitans DSM 16656 with Arabidopsis thaliana. Four weeks after the inoculation, the proteome of roots from inoculated and control plants was compared using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differentially abundant protein spots were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Twelve protein spots were responsive to the inoculation, with the majority of them being related to cellular stress reactions. The protein expression of 20S proteasome alpha-3 subunit was increased by the presence of K. radicincitans. Determination of proteasome activity and immuno blotting analysis for ubiquitinated proteins revealed that endophytic colonization interferes with ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. Inoculation of rpn12a, defective in a 26S proteasome regulatory particle, enhanced the growth-promoting effect. This indicates that the plant proteasome, besides being a known target for plant pathogenic bacteria, is involved in the establishment of beneficial interactions of microorganisms with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Witzel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGroßbeeren, Germany
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8
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Bernardo L, Morcia C, Carletti P, Ghizzoni R, Badeck FW, Rizza F, Lucini L, Terzi V. Proteomic insight into the mitigation of wheat root drought stress by arbuscular mycorrhizae. J Proteomics 2017; 169:21-32. [PMID: 28366879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant growth promoters that ameliorate plant-water relations and the nutrient uptake of wheat. In this work, two cultivars of Triticum spp., a bread and a durum wheat, grown under drought stress and inoculated or not by AMF, are evaluated through a shotgun proteomic approach. The AMF association had beneficial effects as compared to non-mycorrhizal roots, in both bread and durum wheat. The beneficial symbiosis was confirmed by measuring morphological and physiological traits. In our work, we identified 50 statistically differential proteins in the bread wheat cultivar and 66 differential proteins in the durum wheat cultivar. The findings highlighted a modulation of proteins related to sugar metabolism, cell wall rearrangement, cytoskeletal organization and sulphur-containing proteins, as well as proteins related to plant stress responses. Among differentially expressed proteins both cultivars evidenced a decrease in sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferas. In durum wheat oxylipin signalling pathway was involved with two proteins: increased 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase and decreased jasmonate-induced protein, both related to the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. Interactome analysis highlighted the possible involvement of ubiquitin although not evidenced among differentially expressed proteins. The AMF association helps wheat roots reducing the osmotic stress and maintaining cellular integrity. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Drought is one of the major constraints that plants must face in some areas of the world, associated to climate change, negatively affecting the worldwide plant productivity. The adoption of innovative agronomic protocols may represent a winning strategy in facing this challenge. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation may represent a natural and sustainable way to mitigate the negative effects due to drought in several crop, ameliorating plant growth and development. Studies on the proteomic responses specific to AMF in drought-stressed plants will help clarify how mycorrhization elicits plant growth, nutrient uptake, and stress-tolerance responses. Such studies also offer the potential to find biological markers and genetic targets to be used during breeding for new drought-resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Bernardo
- Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy.
| | - Caterina Morcia
- Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Paolo Carletti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghizzoni
- Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Franz W Badeck
- Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Fulvia Rizza
- Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, I-29122 PC, Italy
| | - Valeria Terzi
- Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
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9
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Rugova A, Puschenreiter M, Koellensperger G, Hann S. Elucidating rhizosphere processes by mass spectrometry – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 956:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Imam J, Singh PK, Shukla P. Plant Microbe Interactions in Post Genomic Era: Perspectives and Applications. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1488. [PMID: 27725809 PMCID: PMC5035750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering plant-microbe interactions is a promising aspect to understand the benefits and the pathogenic effect of microbes and crop improvement. The advancement in sequencing technologies and various 'omics' tool has impressively accelerated the research in biological sciences in this area. The recent and ongoing developments provide a unique approach to describing these intricate interactions and test hypotheses. In the present review, we discuss the role of plant-pathogen interaction in crop improvement. The plant innate immunity has always been an important aspect of research and leads to some interesting information like the adaptation of unique immune mechanisms of plants against pathogens. The development of new techniques in the post - genomic era has greatly enhanced our understanding of the regulation of plant defense mechanisms against pathogens. The present review also provides an overview of beneficial plant-microbe interactions with special reference to Agrobacterium tumefaciens-plant interactions where plant derived signal molecules and plant immune responses are important in pathogenicity and transformation efficiency. The construction of various Genome-scale metabolic models of microorganisms and plants presented a better understanding of all metabolic interactions activated during the interactions. This review also lists the emerging repertoire of phytopathogens and its impact on plant disease resistance. Outline of different aspects of plant-pathogen interactions is presented in this review to bridge the gap between plant microbial ecology and their immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtak, India
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Rathi D, Gayen D, Gayali S, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N. Legume proteomics: Progress, prospects, and challenges. Proteomics 2015; 16:310-27. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rathi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Dipak Gayen
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Saurabh Gayali
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
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12
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Hu J, Rampitsch C, Bykova NV. Advances in plant proteomics toward improvement of crop productivity and stress resistancex. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:209. [PMID: 25926838 PMCID: PMC4396383 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses constrain plant growth and development negatively impacting crop production. Plants have developed stress-specific adaptations as well as simultaneous responses to a combination of various abiotic stresses with pathogen infection. The efficiency of stress-induced adaptive responses is dependent on activation of molecular signaling pathways and intracellular networks by modulating expression, or abundance, and/or post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins primarily associated with defense mechanisms. In this review, we summarize and evaluate the contribution of proteomic studies to our understanding of stress response mechanisms in different plant organs and tissues. Advanced quantitative proteomic techniques have improved the coverage of total proteomes and sub-proteomes from small amounts of starting material, and characterized PTMs as well as protein-protein interactions at the cellular level, providing detailed information on organ- and tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms responding to a variety of individual stresses or stress combinations during plant life cycle. In particular, we address the tissue-specific signaling networks localized to various organelles that participate in stress-related physiological plasticity and adaptive mechanisms, such as photosynthetic efficiency, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, plant growth, tolerance and common responses to environmental stresses. We also provide an update on the progress of proteomics with major crop species and discuss the current challenges and limitations inherent to proteomics techniques and data interpretation for non-model organisms. Future directions in proteomics research toward crop improvement are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hu
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’sNL, Canada
- Cereal Proteomics, Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, MordenMB, Canada
| | - Christof Rampitsch
- Cereal Proteomics, Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, MordenMB, Canada
| | - Natalia V. Bykova
- Cereal Proteomics, Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, MordenMB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Natalia V. Bykova, Cereal Proteomics, Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
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13
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Farrar K, Bryant D, Cope-Selby N. Understanding and engineering beneficial plant-microbe interactions: plant growth promotion in energy crops. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:1193-206. [PMID: 25431199 PMCID: PMC4265282 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant production systems globally must be optimized to produce stable high yields from limited land under changing and variable climates. Demands for food, animal feed, and feedstocks for bioenergy and biorefining applications, are increasing with population growth, urbanization and affluence. Low-input, sustainable, alternatives to petrochemical-derived fertilizers and pesticides are required to reduce input costs and maintain or increase yields, with potential biological solutions having an important role to play. In contrast to crops that have been bred for food, many bioenergy crops are largely undomesticated, and so there is an opportunity to harness beneficial plant-microbe relationships which may have been inadvertently lost through intensive crop breeding. Plant-microbe interactions span a wide range of relationships in which one or both of the organisms may have a beneficial, neutral or negative effect on the other partner. A relatively small number of beneficial plant-microbe interactions are well understood and already exploited; however, others remain understudied and represent an untapped reservoir for optimizing plant production. There may be near-term applications for bacterial strains as microbial biopesticides and biofertilizers to increase biomass yield from energy crops grown on land unsuitable for food production. Longer term aims involve the design of synthetic genetic circuits within and between the host and microbes to optimize plant production. A highly exciting prospect is that endosymbionts comprise a unique resource of reduced complexity microbial genomes with adaptive traits of great interest for a wide variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie Farrar
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
- *Correspondence (Tel +0044 (0)1970 823097; fax 0044 (0)1970 828357; email )
| | - David Bryant
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Naomi Cope-Selby
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
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He X, He X, Liu H, Li M, Cai S, Fu Z, Lu X. Proteomic analysis of BmN cells (Bombyx mori) in response to infection with Nosema bombycis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:982-90. [PMID: 25267721 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosema bombycis (N. bombycis, Nb) is an obligate intracellular parasite, which can cause pebrine disease in the silkworm. To investigate the effects of N. bombycis infection on the host cells, proteomes from BmN cells that had or had not been infected with N. bombycis at different infection stages were characterized with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, which identified 24 differentially expressed host proteins with significant intensity differences (P < 0.05) at least at one time point in mock- and N. bombycis infected cells. Notably, gene ontology analyses showed that these proteins are involved in many important biological reactions. During the infection phase, proteins involved in energy metabolism and oxidative stress had up-regulated expression. Two proteins participated in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process had down-regulated expression. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the transcriptional profiles of these identified proteins. Taken together, the abundance changes, putative functions, and participation in biological reactions for the identified proteins produce a host-responsive protein model in N. bombycis-infected BmN cells. These findings further our knowledge about the effect of energy defect parasites on the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi He
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangkang He
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Liu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shunfeng Cai
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhangwuke Fu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Moor H, Teppo A, Lahesaare A, Kivisaar M, Teras R. Fis overexpression enhances Pseudomonas putida biofilm formation by regulating the ratio of LapA and LapF. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 160:2681-2693. [PMID: 25253613 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.082503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria form biofilm as a response to a number of environmental signals that are mediated by global transcription regulators and alarmones. Here we report the involvement of the global transcription regulator Fis in Pseudomonas putida biofilm formation through regulation of lapA and lapF genes. The major component of P. putida biofilm is proteinaceous and two large adhesive proteins, LapA and LapF, are known to play a key role in its formation. We have previously shown that Fis overexpression enhances P. putida biofilm formation. In this study, we used mini-Tn5 transposon mutagenesis to select potential Fis-regulated genes involved in biofilm formation. A total of 90 % of the studied transposon mutants carried insertions in the lap genes. Since our experiments showed that Fis-enhanced biofilm is mostly proteinaceous, the amounts of LapA and LapF from P. putida cells lysates were quantified using SDS-PAGE. Fis overexpression increases the quantity of LapA 1.6 times and decreases the amount of LapF at least 4 times compared to the wild-type cells. The increased LapA expression caused by Fis overexpression was confirmed by FACS analysis measuring the amount of LapA-GFP fusion protein. Our results suggest that the profusion of LapA in the Fis-overexpressed cells causes enhanced biofilm formation in mature stages of P. putida biofilm and LapF has a minor role in P. putida biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Moor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annika Teppo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrio Lahesaare
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maia Kivisaar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riho Teras
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
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16
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Becher D, Bernhardt J, Fuchs S, Riedel K. Metaproteomics to unravel major microbial players in leaf litter and soil environments: challenges and perspectives. Proteomics 2014; 13:2895-909. [PMID: 23894095 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Soil- and litter-borne microorganisms vitally contribute to biogeochemical cycles. However, changes in environmental parameters but also human interferences may alter species composition and elicit alterations in microbial activities. Soil and litter metaproteomics, implying the assignment of soil and litter proteins to specific phylogenetic and functional groups, has a great potential to provide essential new insights into the impact of microbial diversity on soil ecosystem functioning. This article will illuminate challenges and perspectives of current soil and litter metaproteomics research, starting with an introduction to an appropriate experimental design and state-of-the-art proteomics methodologies. This will be followed by a summary of important studies aimed at (i) the discovery of the major biotic drivers of leaf litter decomposition, (ii) metaproteomics analyses of rhizosphere-inhabiting microbes, and (iii) global approaches to study bioremediation processes. The review will be closed by a brief outlook on future developments and some concluding remarks, which should assist the reader to develop successful concepts for soil and litter metaproteomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Becher
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany
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17
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Screening and identification of resistance related proteins from apple leaves inoculated with Marssonina coronaria (EII. & J. J. Davis). Proteome Sci 2014; 12:7. [PMID: 24507458 PMCID: PMC4015879 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apple, an invaluable fruit crop worldwide, is often prone to infection by pathogenic fungi. Identification of potentially resistance-conferring apple proteins is one of the most important aims for studying apple resistance mechanisms and promoting the development of disease-resistant apple strains. In order to find proteins which promote resistance to Marssonina coronaria, a deadly pathogen which has been related to premature apple maturation, proteomes from apple leaves inoculated with M. coronaria were characterized at 3 and 6 days post-inoculation by two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Results Overall, 59 differentially accumulated protein spots between inoculation and non-inoculation were successfully identified and aligned as 35 different proteins or protein families which involved in photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, transport, energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, binding, antioxidant, defense and stress. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was also used to examine the change of some defense and stress related genes abundance under inoculated conditions. Conclusions In a conclusion, different proteins in response to Marssonina coronaria were identified by proteomic analysis. Among of these proteins, there are some PR proteins, for example class III endo-chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase and thaumatine-like protein, and some antioxidant related proteins including aldo/keto reductase AKR, ascorbate peroxidase and phi class glutathione S-transferase protein that were associated with disease resistance. The transcription levels of class III endo-chitinase (L13) and beta-1, 3-glucanase (L17) have a good relation with the abundance of the encoded protein’s accumulation, however, the mRNA abundance of thaumatine-like protein (L22) and ascorbate peroxidase (L28) are not correlated with their protein abundance of encoded protein. To elucidate the resistant mechanism, the data in the present study will promote us to investigate further the expression regulation of these target proteins.
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18
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Delaunois B, Jeandet P, Clément C, Baillieul F, Dorey S, Cordelier S. Uncovering plant-pathogen crosstalk through apoplastic proteomic studies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:249. [PMID: 24917874 PMCID: PMC4042593 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens have evolved by developing different strategies to infect their host, which in turn have elaborated immune responses to counter the pathogen invasion. The apoplast, including the cell wall and extracellular space outside the plasma membrane, is one of the first compartments where pathogen-host interaction occurs. The plant cell wall is composed of a complex network of polysaccharides polymers and glycoproteins and serves as a natural physical barrier against pathogen invasion. The apoplastic fluid, circulating through the cell wall and intercellular spaces, provides a means for delivering molecules and facilitating intercellular communications. Some plant-pathogen interactions lead to plant cell wall degradation allowing pathogens to penetrate into the cells. In turn, the plant immune system recognizes microbial- or damage-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs or DAMPs) and initiates a set of basal immune responses, including the strengthening of the plant cell wall. The establishment of defense requires the regulation of a wide variety of proteins that are involved at different levels, from receptor perception of the pathogen via signaling mechanisms to the strengthening of the cell wall or degradation of the pathogen itself. A fine regulation of apoplastic proteins is therefore essential for rapid and effective pathogen perception and for maintaining cell wall integrity. This review aims to provide insight into analyses using proteomic approaches of the apoplast to highlight the modulation of the apoplastic protein patterns during pathogen infection and to unravel the key players involved in plant-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sylvain Cordelier
- *Correspondence: Sylvain Cordelier, Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse – BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France e-mail:
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19
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Mazzeo MF, Cacace G, Ferriello F, Puopolo G, Zoina A, Ercolano MR, Siciliano RA. Proteomic investigation of response to FORL infection in tomato roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 74:42-9. [PMID: 24262994 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) leading to fusarium crown and root rot is considered one of the most destructive tomato soilborne diseases occurring in greenhouse and field crops. In this study, response to FORL infection in tomato roots was investigated by differential proteomics in susceptible (Monalbo) and resistant (Momor) isogenic tomato lines, thus leading to identify 33 proteins whose amount changed depending on the pathogen infection, and/or on the two genotypes. FORL infection induced accumulation of pathogen-related proteins (PR proteins) displaying glucanase and endochitinases activity or involved in redox processes in the Monalbo genotype. Interestingly, the level of the above mentioned PR proteins was not influenced by FORL infection in the resistant tomato line, while other proteins involved in general response mechanisms to biotic and/or abiotic stresses showed significant quantitative differences. In particular, the increased level of proteins participating to arginine metabolism and glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) as well as that of protein LOC544002 and phosphoprotein ECPP44-like, suggested their key role in pathogen defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fiorella Mazzeo
- Proteomic and Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Institute of Food Sciences, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Roma 64 a/c, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cacace
- Proteomic and Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Institute of Food Sciences, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Roma 64 a/c, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Gerardo Puopolo
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Astolfo Zoina
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Ercolano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Rosa Anna Siciliano
- Proteomic and Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Institute of Food Sciences, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Roma 64 a/c, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
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20
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Alberton D, Müller-Santos M, Brusamarello-Santos LCC, Valdameri G, Cordeiro FA, Yates MG, de Oliveira Pedrosa F, de Souza EM. Comparative Proteomics Analysis of the Rice Roots Colonized by Herbaspirillum seropedicae Strain SmR1 Reveals Induction of the Methionine Recycling in the Plant Host. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:4757-68. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400425f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Alberton
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Müller-Santos
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucio Valdameri
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Fabio Aparecido Cordeiro
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Marshall Geoffrey Yates
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Oliveira Pedrosa
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
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21
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Mandelc S, Timperman I, Radišek S, Devreese B, Samyn B, Javornik B. Comparative proteomic profiling in compatible and incompatible interactions between hop roots and Verticillium albo-atrum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 68:23-31. [PMID: 23619241 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil borne fungal pathogen Verticillium albo-atrum, is a serious threat to hop (Humulus lupulus L.) production in several hop-growing regions. A proteomic approach was applied to analyse the response of root tissue in compatible and incompatible interactions between hop and V. albo-atrum at 10, 20 and 30 days after inoculation, using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with de novo sequencing of derivatized peptides. Approximately 1200 reproducible spots were detected on the gels, of which 102 were identified. In the compatible interaction, 252 spots showed infection-specific changes in spot abundance and an accumulation of defence-related proteins, such as chitinase, β-glucanase, thaumatin-like protein, peroxidase and germin-like protein, was observed. However, no significant infection-specific changes were detected in the incompatible interaction. The results indicate that resistance in this pathosystem may be conferred by constitutive rather than induced defence mechanisms. The identification and high abundance of two mannose/glucose-specific lectin isoforms present only in the roots of the resistant cultivar suggests function of lectins in hop resistance against V. albo-atrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Mandelc
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Wang Y, Hao J, Zhao W, Yang Z, Wu W, Zhang Y, Xu W, Luo Y, Huang K. Comparative proteomics and physiological characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in responses to Ochratoxin A. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 82:321-337. [PMID: 23625346 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that is primarily produced by Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum. This mycotoxin is a contaminant of food and feedstock worldwide and may induce cell death in plants. To investigate the dynamic growth process of Arabidopsis seedlings in response to OTA stress and to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism of OTA toxicity towards Arabidopsis, a comparative proteomics study using 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS was performed. Mass spectrometry analysis identified 59 and 51 differentially expressed proteins in seedlings exposed to 25 and 45 μM OTA for 7 days, respectively. OTA treatment decreased root elongation and leaf area, increased anthocyanin accumulation, damaged the photosynthetic apparatus and inhibited photosynthesis. Treatment of the seedlings with 25 μM OTA enhanced energy metabolism, whereas higher concentration of OTA (45 μM) inhibited energy metabolism in the seedlings. OTA treatment caused an increase of ROS, an enhancement of antioxidant enzyme defense responses, disturbance of redox homeostasis and activation of lipid oxidation. Glutamine and S-adenosylmethionine metabolism may also play important roles in the response to OTA. In conclusion, our study provided novel insights regarding the response of Arabidopsis to OTA at the level of the proteome. These results are expected to be highly useful for understanding the physiological responses and dissecting the OTA response pathways in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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23
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Brechenmacher L, Nguyen THN, Hixson K, Libault M, Aldrich J, Pasa-Tolic L, Stacey G. Identification of soybean proteins from a single cell type: the root hair. Proteomics 2012; 12:3365-73. [PMID: 22997094 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs (RH) are a terminally differentiated single cell type, mainly involved in water and nutrient uptake from the soil. The soybean RH cell represents an excellent model for the study of single cell systems biology. In this study, we identified 5702 proteins, with at least two peptides, from soybean RH using an accurate mass and time tag approach, establishing a comprehensive proteome reference map of this single cell type. We also showed that trypsin is the most appropriate enzyme for soybean proteomic studies by performing an in silico digestion of the soybean proteome using different proteases. Although the majority of proteins identified in this study are involved in basal metabolism, the function of others are more related to RH formation/function and include proteins involved in nutrient uptake (transporters) or vesicular trafficking (cytoskeleton and ras-associated binding proteins). Interestingly, some of these proteins appear to be specifically detected in RH and constitute promising candidates for further studies to elucidate unique features of this single-cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Brechenmacher
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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24
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Fang X, Chen W, Xin Y, Zhang H, Yan C, Yu H, Liu H, Xiao W, Wang S, Zheng G, Liu H, Jin L, Ma H, Ruan S. Proteomic analysis of strawberry leaves infected with Colletotrichum fragariae. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4074-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Jakovleva J, Teppo A, Velts A, Saumaa S, Moor H, Kivisaar M, Teras R. Fis regulates the competitiveness of Pseudomonas putida on barley roots by inducing biofilm formation. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2012; 158:708-720. [PMID: 22222498 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.053355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An important link between the environment and the physiological state of bacteria is the regulation of the transcription of a large number of genes by global transcription factors. One of the global regulators, Fis (factor for inversion stimulation), is well studied in Escherichia coli, but the role of this protein in pseudomonads has only been examined briefly. According to studies in Enterobacteriaceae, Fis regulates positively the flagellar movement of bacteria. In pseudomonads, flagellar movement is an important trait for the colonization of plant roots. Therefore we were interested in the role of the Fis protein in Pseudomonas putida, especially the possible regulation of the colonization of plant roots. We observed that Fis reduced the migration of P. putida onto the apices of barley roots and thereby the competitiveness of bacteria on the roots. Moreover, we observed that overexpression of Fis drastically reduced swimming motility and facilitated P. putida biofilm formation, which could be the reason for the decreased migration of bacteria onto the root apices. It is possible that the elevated expression of Fis is important in the adaptation of P. putida during colonization of plant roots by promoting biofilm formation when the migration of bacteria is no longer favoured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jakovleva
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annika Teppo
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anna Velts
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Signe Saumaa
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hanna Moor
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maia Kivisaar
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riho Teras
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
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Jayaraman D, Forshey KL, Grimsrud PA, Ané JM. Leveraging proteomics to understand plant-microbe interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:44. [PMID: 22645586 PMCID: PMC3355735 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions of plants with beneficial and pathogenic microbes is a promising avenue to improve crop productivity and agriculture sustainability. Proteomic techniques provide a unique angle to describe these intricate interactions and test hypotheses. The various approaches for proteomic analysis generally include protein/peptide separation and identification, but can also provide quantification and the characterization of post-translational modifications. In this review, we discuss how these techniques have been applied to the study of plant-microbe interactions. We also present some areas where this field of study would benefit from the utilization of newly developed methods that overcome previous limitations. Finally, we reinforce the need for expanding, integrating, and curating protein databases, as well as the benefits of combining protein-level datasets with those from genetic analyses and other high-throughput large-scale approaches for a systems-level view of plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari L. Forshey
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Paul A. Grimsrud
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- *Correspondence: Jean-Michel Ané, Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. e-mail:
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Acosta-Muñiz CH, Escobar-Tovar L, Valdes-Rodríguez S, Fernández-Pavia S, Arias-Saucedo LJ, de la Cruz Espindola Barquera M, Gómez Lim MÁ. Identification of avocado (Persea americana) root proteins induced by infection with the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi using a proteomic approach. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 144:59-72. [PMID: 21916897 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Avocado root rot, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, is the most important disease that limits avocado production. A proteomic approach was employed to identify proteins that are upregulated by infection with P. cinnamomi. Different proteins were shown to be differentially expressed after challenge with the pathogen by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. A densitometric evaluation of protein expression indicated differential regulation during the time-course analyzed. Some proteins induced in response to the infection were identified by standard peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry and sequencing by MALDI LIFT-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Of the 400 protein spots detected on 2-D gels, 21 seemed to change in abundance by 3 hours after infection. Sixteen proteins were upregulated, 5 of these were only detected in infected roots and 11 showed an increased abundance. Among the differentially expressed proteins identified are homologs to isoflavone reductase, glutathione S-transferase, several abscisic acid stress-ripening proteins, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, cysteine synthase and quinone reductase. A 17.3-kDa small heat-shock protein and a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein were identified as downregulated. Our group is the first to report on gene induction in response to oomycete infection in roots from avocado, using proteomic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Acosta-Muñiz
- Centro de Investigación en alimentación y desarrollo A C, Av. Rio Conchos s/n, Parque Industrial Cuauhtémoc, CP. 31570, Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, México
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Lidder P, Sonnino A. Biotechnologies for the management of genetic resources for food and agriculture. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2012; 78:1-167. [PMID: 22980921 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394394-1.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the land area under agriculture has declined as also has the rate of growth in agricultural productivity while the demand for food continues to escalate. The world population now stands at 7 billion and is expected to reach 9 billion in 2045. A broad range of agricultural genetic diversity needs to be available and utilized in order to feed this growing population. Climate change is an added threat to biodiversity that will significantly impact genetic resources for food and agriculture (GRFA) and food production. There is no simple, all-encompassing solution to the challenges of increasing productivity while conserving genetic diversity. Sustainable management of GRFA requires a multipronged approach, and as outlined in the paper, biotechnologies can provide powerful tools for the management of GRFA. These tools vary in complexity from those that are relatively simple to those that are more sophisticated. Further, advances in biotechnologies are occurring at a rapid pace and provide novel opportunities for more effective and efficient management of GRFA. Biotechnology applications must be integrated with ongoing conventional breeding and development programs in order to succeed. Additionally, the generation, adaptation, and adoption of biotechnologies require a consistent level of financial and human resources and appropriate policies need to be in place. These issues were also recognized by Member States at the FAO international technical conference on Agricultural Biotechnologies for Developing Countries (ABDC-10), which took place in March 2010 in Mexico. At the end of the conference, the Member States reached a number of key conclusions, agreeing, inter alia, that developing countries should significantly increase sustained investments in capacity building and the development and use of biotechnologies to maintain the natural resource base; that effective and enabling national biotechnology policies and science-based regulatory frameworks can facilitate the development and appropriate use of biotechnologies in developing countries; and that FAO and other relevant international organizations and donors should significantly increase their efforts to support the strengthening of national capacities in the development and appropriate use of pro-poor agricultural biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetmoninder Lidder
- Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, Research and Extension Branch, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sonnino
- Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, Research and Extension Branch, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy
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The mitochondrial proteome of the model legume Medicago truncatula. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:1658-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gonzalez-Fernandez R, Jorrin-Novo JV. Contribution of Proteomics to the Study of Plant Pathogenic Fungi. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:3-16. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200873p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesus V. Jorrin-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
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Unraveling plant responses to bacterial pathogens through proteomics. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:354801. [PMID: 22131803 PMCID: PMC3216475 DOI: 10.1155/2011/354801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic bacteria cause diseases in important crops and seriously and negatively impact agricultural production. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanisms by which plants resist bacterial infection at the stage of the basal immune response or mount a successful specific R-dependent defense response is crucial since a better understanding of the biochemical and cellular mechanisms underlying these interactions will enable molecular and transgenic approaches to crops with increased biotic resistance. In recent years, proteomics has been used to gain in-depth understanding of many aspects of the host defense against pathogens and has allowed monitoring differences in abundance of proteins as well as posttranscriptional and posttranslational processes, protein activation/inactivation, and turnover. Proteomics also offers a window to study protein trafficking and routes of communication between organelles. Here, we summarize and discuss current progress in proteomics of the basal and specific host defense responses elicited by bacterial pathogens.
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Wang FX, Ma YP, Yang CL, Zhao PM, Yao Y, Jian GL, Luo YM, Xia GX. Proteomic analysis of the sea-island cotton roots infected by wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Proteomics 2011; 11:4296-309. [PMID: 21928292 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt of cotton is a vascular disease mainly caused by the soil-born filamentous fungus Verticillium dahliae. To study the mechanisms associated with defense responses in wilt-resistant sea-island cotton (Gossypium barbadense) upon V. dahliae infection, a comparative proteomic analysis between infected and mock-inoculated roots of G. barbadense var. Hai 7124 (a cultivar showing resistance against V. dahliae) was performed by 2-DE combined with local EST database-assisted PMF and MS/MS analysis. A total of 51 upregulated and 17 downregulated proteins were identified, and these proteins are mainly involved in defense and stress responses, primary and secondary metabolisms, lipid transport, and cytoskeleton organization. Three novel clues regarding wilt resistance of G. barbadense are gained from this study. First, ethylene signaling was significantly activated in the cotton roots attacked by V. dahliae as shown by the elevated expression of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling components. Second, the Bet v 1 family proteins may play an important role in the defense reaction against Verticillium wilt. Third, wilt resistance may implicate the redirection of carbohydrate flux from glycolysis to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). To our knowledge, this study is the first root proteomic analysis on cotton wilt resistance and provides important insights for establishing strategies to control this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xin Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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33
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Palomares-Rius JE, Castillo P, Navas-Cortés JA, Jiménez-Díaz RM, Tena M. A proteomic study of in-root interactions between chickpea pathogens: The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne artiellia and the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2034-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Proteomic Study on Two Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strains with Different Competitivenesses for Nodulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(11)60096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Knief C, Delmotte N, Vorholt JA. Bacterial adaptation to life in association with plants - A proteomic perspective from culture to in situ conditions. Proteomics 2011; 11:3086-105. [PMID: 21548095 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diverse bacterial taxa that live in association with plants affect plant health and development. This is most evident for those bacteria that undergo a symbiotic association with plants or infect the plants as pathogens. Proteome analyses have contributed significantly toward a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of these associations. They were applied to obtain a general overview of the protein composition of these bacteria, but more so to study effects of plant signaling molecules on the cytosolic proteome composition or metabolic adaptations upon plant colonization. Proteomic analyses are particularly useful for the identification of secreted proteins, which are indispensable to manipulate a host plant. Recent advances in the field of proteome analyses have initiated a new research area, the analysis of more complex microbial communities. Such studies are just at their beginning but hold great potential for the future to elucidate not only the interactions between bacteria and their host plants, but also of bacteria-bacteria interactions between different bacterial taxa when living in association with plants. These include not only the symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria, but also the commensal bacteria that are consistently found in association with plants and whose functions remain currently largely uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Knief
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Chi F, Yang P, Han F, Jing Y, Shen S. Proteomic analysis of rice seedlings infected by Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021. Proteomics 2010; 10:1861-74. [PMID: 20213677 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rhizobial endophytes infect and colonize not only leguminous plants, but several non-leguminous species as well. Using green fluorescent protein tagging technique, it has been shown that Rhizobia infect different varieties of rice species and migrate from plant roots to aerial tissues such as leaf sheaths and leaves. The interaction between them was found to promote the growth of rice. The growth promotion is the cumulative result of enhanced photosynthesis and stress resistance. In addition, indole-3-acetic acid also contributes to the promotion. Gel-based comparative proteomic approaches were applied to analyze the protein profiles of three different tissues (root, leaf sheath and leaf) of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 inoculated rice in order to get an understanding about the molecular mechanism. Upon the inoculation of rhizobia, proteins involved in nine different functional categories were either up-regulated or down-regulated. Photosynthesis related proteins were up-regulated only in leaf sheath and leaf, while the up-regulated proteins in root were exclusively defense related. The results implied that there might have been an increase in the import and transport of proteins involved in light and dark reactions to the chloroplast as well as more efficient distribution of nutrients, hence enhanced photosynthesis. Although the initiation of defensive reactions mainly occurred in roots, some different defense mechanisms were also evoked in the aerial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chi
- The Research and Development Center for Energy Plants, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P R China
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Colditz F, Braun HP. Medicago truncatula proteomics. J Proteomics 2010; 73:1974-85. [PMID: 20621211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Legumes (Fabaceae) are unique in their ability to enter into an elaborate symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria. Rhizobia-legume (RL) symbiosis represents one of the most productive nitrogen-fixing systems and effectively renders the host plants to be more or less independent of other nitrogen sources. Due to high protein content, legumes are among the most economically important crop families. Beyond that, legumes consist of over 16,000 species assigned to 650 genera. In most cases, the genomes of legumes are large and polyploid, which originally did not predestine these plants as genetic model systems. It was not until the early 1990 th that Medicago truncatula was selected as the model plant for studying Fabaceae biology. M. truncatula is closely related to many economically important legumes and therefore its investigation is of high relevance for agriculture. Recently, quite a number of studies were published focussing on in depth characterizations of the M. truncatula proteome. The present review aims to summarize these studies, especially those which focus on the root system and its dynamic changes induced upon symbiotic or pathogenic interactions with microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Colditz
- Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute for Plant Genetics, Dept. III, Plant Molecular Biology, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
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Gómez MR, Villate AR. Señales de reconocimiento entre plantas y hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.21930/rcta.vol11_num1_art:195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
La asociación entre Hongo formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HFMA) y las plantas ha permitido la adaptación de éstas a ecosistemas terrestres, presentándose en más del 80% de las plantas. El hospedero suministra carbohidratos al hongo y éste transporta los nutrientes que la planta requiere. El establecimiento de la simbiosis requiere procesos armónicos a nivel espacio-temporal, que dependen de señales específicas, para reconocimiento, colonización e intercambio de nutrientes. Las plantas presentan respuestas de defensa frente a la posible invasión de microorganismos, sin embargo, en la simbiosis éstas son débiles, localizadas y no impiden la colonización del hongo. Estas señales se observan en todas las etapas de la simbiosis, siendo la primera señal enviada por la planta en exudados de la raíz, especialmente en condiciones de bajo fósforo. Posteriormente los HFMA activan la expresión de genes que favorecen cambios a nivel celular para la formación del apresorio, del aparato de pre-penetración y en células de la corteza, del arbúsculo y la membrana periarbuscular, para el intercambio de nutrientes. Un aspecto de interés está relacionado con los mecanismos de atenuación de las respuestas de defensa de la planta. Se han planteado diversas hipótesis para entender este fenómeno y aunque el control de la simbiosis está regulado principalmente por la planta, aún se desconoce si los HFMA generan señales que facilitan el debilitamiento de las respuestas de defensa del hospedero. Este documento está orientado a hacer una revisión de las señales de reconocimiento HFMA - plantas para cada fase de la simbiosis, así como de algunos mecanismos de regulación de las respuestas de defensa de la planta para el establecimiento de la simbiosis.
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Proteomics of plant pathogenic fungi. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:932527. [PMID: 20589070 PMCID: PMC2878683 DOI: 10.1155/2010/932527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi cause important yield losses in crops. In order to develop efficient and environmental friendly crop protection strategies, molecular studies of the fungal biological cycle, virulence factors, and interaction with its host are necessary. For that reason, several approaches have been performed using both classical genetic, cell biology, and biochemistry and the modern, holistic, and high-throughput, omic techniques. This work briefly overviews the tools available for studying Plant Pathogenic Fungi and is amply focused on MS-based Proteomics analysis, based on original papers published up to December 2009. At a methodological level, different steps in a proteomic workflow experiment are discussed. Separate sections are devoted to fungal descriptive (intracellular, subcellular, extracellular) and differential expression proteomics and interactomics. From the work published we can conclude that Proteomics, in combination with other techniques, constitutes a powerful tool for providing important information about pathogenicity and virulence factors, thus opening up new possibilities for crop disease diagnosis and crop protection.
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Schenkluhn L, Hohnjec N, Niehaus K, Schmitz U, Colditz F. Differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) to quantitatively monitor early symbiosis- and pathogenesis-induced changes of the Medicago truncatula root proteome. J Proteomics 2009; 73:753-68. [PMID: 19895911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Symbiosis- and pathogenesis-related early protein induction patterns in the model legume Medicago truncatula were analysed with two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. Two symbiotic soil microorganisms (Glomus intraradices, Sinorhizobium meliloti) were used in single infections and in combination with a secondary pathogenic infection by the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches. Proteomic analyses performed 6 and 24h after inoculations led to identification of 87 differentially induced proteins which likely represent the M. truncatula root 'interactome'. A set of proteins involved in a primary antioxidant defense reaction was detected during all associations investigated. Symbiosis-related protein induction includes a typical factor of early symbiosis-specific signalling (CaM-2), two Ran-binding proteins of nucleocytoplasmic signalling, and a set of energy-related enzymes together with proteins involved in symbiosis-initiated C- and N-fixation. Pathogen-associated protein induction consists of mainly PR proteins, Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitors, a lectin, and proteins related to primary carbohydrate metabolism and phytoalexin synthesis. Absence of PR proteins and decreased pathogen-induced protein patterns during mixed symbiotic and pathogenic infections indicate bioprotective effects due to symbiotic co-infection. Several 14-3-3 proteins were found as predominant proteins during mixed infections. With respect to hormone-regulation, A. euteiches infection led to induction of ABA-related pathways, while auxin-related pathways are induced during symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Schenkluhn
- University of Bielefeld, Dept. 7, Proteome and Metabolome Research, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Badri DV, Weir TL, van der Lelie D, Vivanco JM. Rhizosphere chemical dialogues: plant-microbe interactions. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2009; 20:642-50. [PMID: 19875278 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Every organism on earth relies on associations with its neighbors to sustain life. For example, plants form associations with neighboring plants, microflora, and microfauna, while humans maintain symbiotic associations with intestinal microbial flora, which is indispensable for nutrient assimilation and development of the innate immune system. Most of these associations are facilitated by chemical cues exchanged between the host and the symbionts. In the rhizosphere, which includes plant roots and the surrounding area of soil influenced by the roots, plants exude chemicals to effectively communicate with their neighboring soil organisms. Here we review the current literature pertaining to the chemical communication that exists between plants and microorganisms and the biological processes they sustain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayakar V Badri
- Center for Rhizosphere Biology and Department of Horticulture & LA, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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