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Scibè C, Eng-Wilmot K, Lam T, Tosini I, López MJG, Solazzo C. Palaeoproteomics and microanalysis reveal techniques of production of animal-based metal threads in medieval textiles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5320. [PMID: 38438441 PMCID: PMC10912450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal-based metal threads were largely used between the 10th and the fifteenth century, in European, Middle Eastern and Far Eastern textile productions for the decoration of textiles and cloths. They belong to a larger group of metal threads, used either as flat threads or wrapped around a fiber core, that were backed by an organic support (animal or paper). This study focuses on the medieval production of metal threads backed by an animal membrane (e.g. gut membrane), or skin. A total of 91 samples were collected from a corpus of 66 textile fragments belonging to 54 catalogued objects. The relevance and novelty of the present study is represented by the combination of proteomics, cross-section analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS and SEM-µXRF). The diversity of materials and manufacturing techniques found within each typology of thread, respectively, membrane-based metal threads and skin-based metal threads, hinted at different production technologies. Membrane-based threads were found to be invariably made from cattle gut membrane, coated with gilt-silver leaves. A possible sheep glue adhesive was found in a few samples. Skin-based threads were made from either goat or sheep leather, coated with metal leaves or powder. Within the three different types of coatings identified (silver, gold and gilt-silver), gold coatings were the most represented. Goat leather threads were associated with an egg-white binder, while sturgeon glue was identified as adhesive in all sheep leather threads. Collagen glue from other species (cattle, sheep, horse) was occasionally found in mixed adhesives. In two textiles, the finding of human proteins indicates past contamination due to handling or use. The analytical results show coherence between the fabrication patterns of animal-based metal threads and their probable geographical areas of manufacture, indicating that the study of materials and techniques provide further criteria to classify and group textiles, and trace correlations between manufacturing centers within Eurasian territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Scibè
- Programa de Doctorado Arte y Patrimonio, Escuela Internacional de Doctorado (EIDUS), Universidad de Sevilla, P de Las Delicias s/n, 41003, Sevilla, Spain.
- Scientific Laboratory Opificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), Viale F. Strozzi 1, 50129, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Kira Eng-Wilmot
- Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, 2 E 91st St, New York, NY, 10128, USA
| | - Thomas Lam
- Museum Conservation Institute (MCI), Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD, 20746, USA
| | - Isetta Tosini
- Scientific Laboratory Opificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), Viale F. Strozzi 1, 50129, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria José González López
- Departamento de Pintura, Facultad de Bellas Artes, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Laraña 3, 41003, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Caroline Solazzo
- Museum Conservation Institute (MCI), Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD, 20746, USA.
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Artefact Profiling: Panomics Approaches for Understanding the Materiality of Written Artefacts. Molecules 2023; 28:4872. [PMID: 37375427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explains the strategies behind genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metallomics and isotopolomics approaches and their applicability to written artefacts. The respective sub-chapters give an insight into the analytical procedure and the conclusions drawn from such analyses. A distinction is made between information that can be obtained from the materials used in the respective manuscript and meta-information that cannot be obtained from the manuscript itself, but from residues of organisms such as bacteria or the authors and readers. In addition, various sampling techniques are discussed in particular, which pose a special challenge in manuscripts. The focus is on high-resolution, non-targeted strategies that can be used to extract the maximum amount of information about ancient objects. The combination of the various omics disciplines (panomics) especially offers potential added value in terms of the best possible interpretations of the data received. The information obtained can be used to understand the production of ancient artefacts, to gain impressions of former living conditions, to prove their authenticity, to assess whether there is a toxic hazard in handling the manuscripts, and to be able to determine appropriate measures for their conservation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Gravis D, Roy N, Ruffini-Ronzani N, Houssiau L, Felten A, Tumanov N, Deparis O. Secondary ion mass spectrometry, a powerful tool for revealing ink formulations and animal skins in medieval manuscripts. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230059. [PMID: 37293355 PMCID: PMC10245198 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Book production by medieval scriptoria have gained growing interest in recent studies. In this context, identifying ink compositions and parchment animal species from illuminated manuscripts is of great importance. Here, we introduce time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) as a non-invasive tool to identify both inks and animal skins in manuscripts, at the same time. For this purpose, both positive and negative ion spectra in inked and non-inked areas were recorded. Chemical compositions of pigments (decoration) or black inks (text) were determined by searching for characteristic ion mass peaks. Animal skins were identified by data processing of raw ToF-SIMS spectra using principal component analysis (PCA). In illuminated manuscripts from the fifteenth to sixteenth century, malachite (green), azurite (blue), cinnabar (red) inorganic pigments, as well as iron-gall black ink, were identified. Carbon black and indigo (blue) organic pigments were also identified. Animal skins were identified in modern parchments of known animal species by a two-step PCA procedure. We believe the proposed method will find extensive application in material studies of medieval manuscripts, as it is non-invasive, highly sensitive and able to identify both inks and animal skins at the same time, even from traces of pigments and tiny scanned areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gravis
- Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
- Heritages, transmissions, inheritances institute (PaTHs), University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Roy
- Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
- Namur Institute for Complex Systems (naXys), University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Ruffini-Ronzani
- Centre de recherche Pratiques médiévales de l’écrit (PraME), Department of History, University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Laurent Houssiau
- Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Felten
- Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
- Synthesis, irradiation & analysis of materials (SIAM) technological platform, University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
- Physico-chemical characterization (PC2) technological platform, University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deparis
- Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
- Heritages, transmissions, inheritances institute (PaTHs), University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
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Abstract
Paleoproteomics, the study of ancient proteins, is a rapidly growing field at the intersection of molecular biology, paleontology, archaeology, paleoecology, and history. Paleoproteomics research leverages the longevity and diversity of proteins to explore fundamental questions about the past. While its origins predate the characterization of DNA, it was only with the advent of soft ionization mass spectrometry that the study of ancient proteins became truly feasible. Technological gains over the past 20 years have allowed increasing opportunities to better understand preservation, degradation, and recovery of the rich bioarchive of ancient proteins found in the archaeological and paleontological records. Growing from a handful of studies in the 1990s on individual highly abundant ancient proteins, paleoproteomics today is an expanding field with diverse applications ranging from the taxonomic identification of highly fragmented bones and shells and the phylogenetic resolution of extinct species to the exploration of past cuisines from dental calculus and pottery food crusts and the characterization of past diseases. More broadly, these studies have opened new doors in understanding past human-animal interactions, the reconstruction of past environments and environmental changes, the expansion of the hominin fossil record through large scale screening of nondiagnostic bone fragments, and the phylogenetic resolution of the vertebrate fossil record. Even with these advances, much of the ancient proteomic record still remains unexplored. Here we provide an overview of the history of the field, a summary of the major methods and applications currently in use, and a critical evaluation of current challenges. We conclude by looking to the future, for which innovative solutions and emerging technology will play an important role in enabling us to access the still unexplored "dark" proteome, allowing for a fuller understanding of the role ancient proteins can play in the interpretation of the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Warinner
- Department
of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Kristine Korzow Richter
- Department
of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Matthew J. Collins
- Department
of Archaeology, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, United Kingdom
- Section
for Evolutionary Genomics, Globe Institute,
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
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Pan SY, Nie Q, Tai HC, Song XL, Tong YF, Zhang LJF, Wu XW, Lin ZH, Zhang YY, Ye DY, Zhang Y, Wang XY, Zhu PL, Chu ZS, Yu ZL, Liang C. Tea and tea drinking: China's outstanding contributions to the mankind. Chin Med 2022; 17:27. [PMID: 35193642 PMCID: PMC8861626 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tea trees originated in southwest China 60 million or 70 million years ago. Written records show that Chinese ancestors had begun drinking tea over 3000 years ago. Nowadays, with the aging of populations worldwide and more people suffering from non-communicable diseases or poor health, tea beverages have become an inexpensive and fine complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy. At present, there are 3 billion people who like to drink tea in the world, but few of them actually understand tea, especially on its development process and the spiritual and cultural connotations. Methods We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, CNKI, and other relevant platforms with the key word “tea”, and reviewed and analyzed tea-related literatures and pictures in the past 40 years about tea’s history, culture, customs, experimental studies, and markets. Results China is the hometown of tea, tea trees, tea drinking, and tea culture. China has the oldest wild and planted tea trees in the world, fossil of a tea leaf from 35,400,000 years ago, and abundant tea-related literatures and art works. Moreover, tea may be the first Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) used by Chinese people in ancient times. Tea drinking has many benefits to our physical health via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-regulatory, anticancer, cardiovascular-protective, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity activities. At the moment, COVID-19 is wreaking havoc across the globe and causing severe damages to people’s health and lives. Tea has anti-COVID-19 functions via the enhancement of the innate immune response and inhibition of viral growth. Besides, drinking tea can allow people to acquire a peaceful, relaxed, refreshed and cheerful enjoyment, and even longevity. According to the meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine, different kinds of tea can activate different meridian systems in the human body. At present, black tea (fermented tea) and green tea (non-fermented tea) are the most popular in the world. Black tea accounts for over 90% of all teas sold in western countries. The world’s top-grade black teas include Qi Men black in China, Darjeeling and Assam black tea in India, and Uva black tea in Sri Lanka. However, all top ten famous green teas in the world are produced in China, and Xi Hu Long Jing tea is the most famous among all green teas. More than 700 different kinds of components and 27 mineral elements can be found in tea. Tea polyphenols and theaflavin/thearubigins are considered to be the major bioactive components of black tea and green tea, respectively. Overly strong or overheated tea liquid should be avoided when drinking tea. Conclusions Today, CAM provides an array of treatment modalities for the health promotion in both developed and developing countries all over the world. Tea drinking, a simple herb-based CAM therapy, has become a popular man-made non-alcoholic beverage widely consumed worldwide, and it can improve the growth of economy as well. Tea can improve our physical and mental health and promote the harmonious development of society through its chemical and cultural elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Pan
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China. .,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Qu Nie
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Hai-Chuan Tai
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Lan Song
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Fan Tong
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Long-Jian-Feng Zhang
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Wei Wu
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhao-Heng Lin
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Yu Zhang
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Du-Yun Ye
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhu-Sheng Chu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China. .,EnKang Pharmaceuticals (Guangzhou) Ltd, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Fiddyment S, Goodison NJ, Brenner E, Signorello S, Price K, Collins MJ. Girding the loins? Direct evidence of the use of a medieval English parchment birthing girdle from biomolecular analysis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202055. [PMID: 33959357 PMCID: PMC8074970 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe palaeoproteomic evidence obtained from a stained medieval birth girdle using a previously developed dry non-invasive sampling technique. The parchment birth girdle studied (Wellcome Collection Western MS. 632) was made in England in the late fifteenth century and was thought to be used by pregnant women while giving birth. We were able to extract both human and non-human peptides from the manuscript, including evidence for the use of honey, cereals, ovicaprine milk and legumes. In addition, a large number of human peptides were detected on the birth roll, many of which are found in cervico-vaginal fluid. This suggests that the birth roll was actively used during childbirth. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to extract and analyse non-collagenous peptides from a birth girdle using this sampling method and demonstrates the potential of this type of analysis for stained manuscripts, providing direct biomolecular evidence for active use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fiddyment
- The McDonald Institute, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalie J. Goodison
- The Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of English Studies, Durham University, Hallgarth House, 77 Hallgarth Street, Durham DH1 1AY, UK
| | - Elma Brenner
- Wellcome Collection, 183 Euston Road, Bloomsbury, London NW1 2BE, UK
| | | | - Kierri Price
- Wellcome Collection, 183 Euston Road, Bloomsbury, London NW1 2BE, UK
- Department of English, Theatre and Creative Writing, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Matthew J. Collins
- The McDonald Institute, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Evogenomics, The Globe Institute Department of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83, København K, Denmark
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Calvano CD, Rigante ECL, Cataldi TRI, Sabbatini L. In Situ Hydrogel Extraction with Dual-Enzyme Digestion of Proteinaceous Binders: the Key for Reliable Mass Spectrometry Investigations of Artworks. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10257-10261. [PMID: 32648736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy based on in situ dual-enzyme digestion of paint layer proteinaceous binders is introduced for faster and more confident identification, resulting in a bottom-up proteomics approach by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). In situ sampling/extraction of proteinaceous binders using small pieces of a hydrophilic gel, previously loaded with trypsin and chymotrypsin proteolytic enzymes, was successfully exploited. Along with minimal invasiveness, the synergy of both enzymes was very useful to increase the number of annotated peptide peaks with their corresponding amino acid sequence by database search and subsequent MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis. The protocol was initially aimed at enhancing the identification of egg-based binders and then validated on fresh and aged model pictorial layers; an increased protein coverage was significantly attained regardless of the used painting binders. Optical microscope images and spectrophotocolorimetry analysis evidenced that the painting layers were not damaged or altered because of contact/sampling without leaving hydrogel residues. The proposed protocol was successfully applied on a painted altarpiece "Assumption of the Virgin" dated to the XVI century and on an angel statue of the Nativity crib dated to the XII century, both from Altamura's Cathedral (Apulia, Italy). The occurrence of various protein binders of animal origin was easily and reliably ascertained.
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Li J, Zheng H, He Y, Chen B, Liu L, Ouyang Y, Zhu C, Zhou Y, Sun J, Hu Z, Wang B. Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunosensor Reveals the Existence of Silk Products on the Maritime Silk Road. ACS Sens 2019; 4:3203-3209. [PMID: 31773952 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Maritime Silk Road was the major trade route between eastern and western civilizations in the Middle Ages. However, hardly any silk products have been found along the transoceanic trade route. Thus, the extrasensitive detection of silk relic traces has tremendous importance in research regarding the Maritime Silk Road. In this study, an electrochemical immunosensor based on a tailored monoclonal antibody and gold nanoparticles using the layer-by-layer self-assembly method was devised. The fabricated immunosensor demonstrated preeminent performance in the analysis of silk fibroin, with a linear detection range of 0.01-100 ng mL-1 and a detection limit of 3.8 pg mL-1. In particular, the performance of the immunosensor was excellent in the analysis of ancient silk samples, especially in the qualitative and quantitative detection of soil samples extracted from Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck archeological sites. The proposed electrochemical immunosensor proves the existence of silk products on the Maritime Silk Road and demonstrates enormous potential for studying the formation and development of the ancient transoceanic trading route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hailing Zheng
- Key Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yang Zhou
- Key Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Conservation Center of Underwater Cultural Heritage, National Cultural Heritage Administration, Beijing 100192, China
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Li J, Ouyang Y, Liu L, Zhu C, Meng J, Zheng H, Zhou Y, Wan J, Hu Z, Wang B. Tailored monoclonal antibody as recognition probe of immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of silk fibroin and use in the study of archaeological samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 145:111709. [PMID: 31550631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ultrasensitive detection of fibroin in unearthed silk relics has great significance for investigating the origin and transmission of silk. In this study, an anti-fibroin monoclonal antibody was successfully prepared through animal immunization. Next, a label-free electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated using layer-by-layer self-assembly technology, and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was proposed. The two methods exhibited excellent sensitivity and specificity in the detection of silk fibroin, while the immunosensor showed a wider quantitative detection range (0.1-100 ng mL-1) and a lower detection limit (0.051 ng mL-1) than ELISA (10-100 ng mL-1 and 8.71 ng mL-1). Furthermore, the performance of the immunosensor was superior in archaeological sample detection. Taking advantage of the well-prepared monoclonal antibody, the two proposed immunological assays demonstrate tremendous potential for the ultrasensitive detection of silk fibroin, which can make great contributions to exploring the origin and transmission routes of ancient silks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yi Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Linshuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chengyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Junjing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hailing Zheng
- Key Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, 310002, China.
| | - Junmin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhiwen Hu
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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10
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Leonardo's Donna Nuda unveiled. J Proteomics 2019; 207:103450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Recently, historical and conservation studies have attached an increasing importance to investigating the materials used in historic documents. In particular, the identification of the animal species from which parchments are made is of high importance and is currently performed by either genetic or proteomic methods. Here, we introduce an innovative, non-invasive optical method for identifying animal species based on light-parchment interaction. The method relies on conservation of light energy through reflection, transmission and absorption from the sample, as well as on statistical processing of the collected optical data. Measurements are performed from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) spectral ranges by a standard spectrophotometer and data are processed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA data from modern parchments, made of sheep, calf and goat skins, are used as a database for PCA analysis of historical parchments. Using only the first two principal components (PCs), the method confirmed visual diagnostics about parchment appearance and aging, and was able to recognise the origin species of historical parchment of among database clusters. Furthermore, taking into account the whole set of PCs, species identification was achieved, with all results matching perfectly their proteomic counterparts used for method assessment. The validated method compares favourably with genetic and proteomic methods used for the same purpose. In addition to animals’ proteomic and genetic signatures, a unique “optical fingerprint” of the parchments’ origin species is revealed here. This new method is non-invasive, straightforward to implement, potentially cheap and accessible to scholars and conservators, with minimal training. In the context of cultural heritage, the method could help solving questions related to parchment production and, more generally, medieval writing production.
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Giuffrida MG, Mazzoli R, Pessione E. Back to the past: deciphering cultural heritage secrets by protein identification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5445-5455. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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D'Amato A, Zilberstein G, Zilberstein S, Golovan MI, Zhuravleva AA, Righetti PG. Anton Chekhov and Robert Koch Cheek to Cheek: A Proteomic Study. Proteomics 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina D'Amato
- Quadram Institute Bioscience; Norwich Research Park; Norwich England
| | | | | | | | | | - Pier Giorgio Righetti
- Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering ‘‘Giulio Natta’’; Politecnico di Milano; Milano Italy
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14
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D'Amato A, Zilberstein G, Zilberstein S, Compagnoni BL, Righetti PG. Of mice and men: Traces of life in the death registries of the 1630 plague in Milano. J Proteomics 2018; 180:128-137. [PMID: 29305937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The death registries of the plague epidemic of 1630, stored at the Archivio di Stato of Milano, have been interrogated via the EVA film technology (ethyl vinyl acetate film studded with crushed strong anion and cation exchangers as well as C8 resins). The EVA diskettes have been left in contact with the lower right margins of 11 different pages pertaining to the peak months of the raging disease (June through end of September) for 60-90min and then the captured material, after elution and digestion, analysed by mass spectrometry. The main findings: 17 Yersiniaceae family proteins, 31 different human keratins, 22 unique mouse keratins, about 400 peptides from different bacterial strains, 58 human tissue proteins and 130 additional mouse and rat tissue proteins. In addition, >60 plant proteins (notably potato, corn, rice, carrot and chickpeas), likely representing the meagre meals of the scribes, contaminating the pages, were detected. The significance of these unique findings is amply illustrated in the body of the article. SIGNIFICANCE Archivists, historians, librarians usually explore the texts of ancient and modern manuscript in order to extract the meaning of the writing and understand the mood, feelings, political, philosophical and/or religious ideas therein expressed by the authors. With the present EVA methodology (the only one, at present, able to access our Cultural Heritage without damaging or contaminating it) we interrogate, instead, the support, be it paper, parchment, wood panel, cloth, canvas and the like, in order to extract invisible data, such as the presence of drugs, medicaments, infectious pathogens, human and environmental contaminants. Metabolites, proteins and peptides thus captured are then analysed via mass spectrometry. The unique data mined by this technology should considerably enlarge the (so far) restricted horizon of the writing exploration and add new insight on the environmental conditions in which such documents were produced as well as, importantly, on the health/pathological conditions of the authors. It is believed that the present technology, as here reported, will become the officially accepted one for exploring the world Cultural Heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina D'Amato
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UA, England, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Pier Giorgio Righetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy.
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16
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Manfredi M, Barberis E, Gosetti F, Conte E, Gatti G, Mattu C, Robotti E, Zilberstein G, Koman I, Zilberstein S, Marengo E, Righetti PG. Method for Noninvasive Analysis of Proteins and Small Molecules from Ancient Objects. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3310-3317. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Manfredi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
- ISALIT, Via G. Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
- ISALIT, Via G. Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - Fabio Gosetti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Gatti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Clara Mattu
- Politecnico di Torino - sede di Alessandria, Viale T. Michel, 5 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Robotti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Igor Koman
- Translational
Medicine Institute, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700 Israel
| | | | - Emilio Marengo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Righetti
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “‘Giulio Natta”’, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
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Zilberstein G, Maor U, Baskin E, D'Amato A, Righetti PG. Unearthing Bulgakov's trace proteome from the Master i Margarita manuscript. J Proteomics 2017; 152:102-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Detection of COL III in parchment by amino acid analysis. Amino Acids 2016; 48:169-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Zilberstein G, Maor U, Baskin E, Righetti PG. Maestro, Marguerite, morphine: The last years in the life of Mikhail Bulgakov. J Proteomics 2016; 131:199-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Animal origin of 13th-century uterine vellum revealed using noninvasive peptide fingerprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15066-71. [PMID: 26598667 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512264112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-thin parchment made it possible to produce the first pocket Bibles: Thousands were made in the 13th century. The source of this parchment, often called "uterine vellum," has been a long-standing controversy in codicology. Use of the Latin term abortivum in many sources has led some scholars to suggest that the skin of fetal calves or sheep was used. Others have argued that it would not be possible to sustain herds if so many pocket Bibles were produced from fetal skins, arguing instead for unexpected alternatives, such as rabbit. Here, we report a simple and objective technique using standard conservation treatments to identify the animal origin of parchment. The noninvasive method is a variant on zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) peptide mass fingerprinting but extracts protein from the parchment surface by using an electrostatic charge generated by gentle rubbing of a PVC eraser on the membrane surface. Using this method, we analyzed 72 pocket Bibles originating in France, England, and Italy and 293 additional parchment samples that bracket this period. We found no evidence for the use of unexpected animals; however, we did identify the use of more than one mammal species in a single manuscript, consistent with the local availability of hides. These results suggest that ultrafine vellum does not necessarily derive from the use of abortive or newborn animals with ultrathin hides, but could equally well reflect a production process that allowed the skins of maturing animals of several species to be rendered into vellum of equal quality and fineness.
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Brandt LØ, Schmidt AL, Mannering U, Sarret M, Kelstrup CD, Olsen JV, Cappellini E. Species identification of archaeological skin objects from Danish bogs: comparison between mass spectrometry-based peptide sequencing and microscopy-based methods. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106875. [PMID: 25260035 PMCID: PMC4178020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Denmark has an extraordinarily large and well-preserved collection of archaeological skin garments found in peat bogs, dated to approximately 920 BC - AD 775. These objects provide not only the possibility to study prehistoric skin costume and technologies, but also to investigate the animal species used for the production of skin garments. Until recently, species identification of archaeological skin was primarily performed by light and scanning electron microscopy or the analysis of ancient DNA. However, the efficacy of these methods can be limited due to the harsh, mostly acidic environment of peat bogs leading to morphological and molecular degradation within the samples. We compared species assignment results of twelve archaeological skin samples from Danish bogs using Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based peptide sequencing, against results obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy. While it was difficult to obtain reliable results using microscopy, MS enabled the identification of several species-diagnostic peptides, mostly from collagen and keratins, allowing confident species discrimination even among taxonomically close organisms, such as sheep and goat. Unlike previous MS-based methods, mostly relying on peptide fingerprinting, the shotgun sequencing approach we describe aims to identify the complete extracted ancient proteome, without preselected specific targets. As an example, we report the identification, in one of the samples, of two peptides uniquely assigned to bovine foetal haemoglobin, indicating the production of skin from a calf slaughtered within the first months of its life. We conclude that MS-based peptide sequencing is a reliable method for species identification of samples from bogs. The mass spectrometry proteomics data were deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the dataset identifier PXD001029.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Ørsted Brandt
- Centre for Textile Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (LØB); (EC)
| | - Anne Lisbeth Schmidt
- Department of Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, The National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Mannering
- Centre for Textile Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ancient Cultures in Denmark and the Mediterranean, The National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Sarret
- European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials Science, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian D. Kelstrup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper V. Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Enrico Cappellini
- Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (LØB); (EC)
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22
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Bulis A, Skapars R. Development of “New Silk Road” Northern Branch through Seaport of Riga in Latvia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Gambino M, Cappitelli F, Cattò C, Carpen A, Principi P, Ghezzi L, Bonaduce I, Galano E, Pucci P, Birolo L, Villa F, Forlani F. A simple and reliable methodology to detect egg white in art samples. J Biosci 2013; 38:397-408. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-013-9321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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